W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

304 The Coins of Europe
Baden was till 1572 the sole mint. The territory was
perhaps more distinguished by the independent
seats of
coinage, such as Breisach, Constanz, Freiburg- in -Brisgau,
Leiningen, Mannheim and Ulm, some of which enjoyed concessions
long anterior to that to the Margraviat in 1362.
The earliest money of Baden was of the mute bracteate
type, and legends do not occur before the time of the
Margraf Christoph (1475-1527).
This, one of the duchies erected into kingdoms by
Napoleon in 1806, was formed in 1496 out of the countships
of Urach and Neuffen. As a duchy it
*'
dated from 1492 the ; countship of Montbeliard
was incorporated with it in 1631, and annexed to France
in 1792. The coinage does not seem to go back beyond
the fourteenth century, and had not attained much importance
till the fifteenth, from which time down to the present
there is an unbroken numismatic series in all metals,
but more especially silver and billon. Stuttgart was long
the chief, before it became the only mint. The coins in
gold, silver, and billon, exhibit the titles of the reigning
prince as Count or Duke of WUrtemburg and Teck, Count
of Montbeliard, and Lord of Heidenheim. We may specify
the double thaler of 1621 of the Duke Johann Friedrich,
with a four-quartered shield, and notice should be taken of
the very striking stcrbdenkthaler issued to commemorate
the death of the Duchess Elizabeth Maria, 1686, with a very
elaborate veiled bust. 1 There was no copper money of
ducal or regal origin, except for Montbeliard, till 1 840.
For that fief we have a 4-kreutzer piece of 1698 and a Hard
of 1715. But within this frontier, as elsewhere, a variety
of personages had mints from a remote period, particularly
at Hall, Ravensperg, and Rottweil ; by reason, no doubt, of
the more limited output, these feudal issues are of far greater
rarity in all the series than the ordinary money of the
Crown. Several of the townships struck copper for local
use during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The
coins of Frederic, the first
King of WUrtemburg, down to
1 Dillon Catalogue, 1892, No. 473.