W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

Catalogue of European Denominations 239
Theler, a spurious copper coin struck at Frankfort in 1703, or perhaps
later. Obv. has an escutcheon enclosing a cross, beneath which occur
three annulets ;
rev. reads I Theler 1703.
Timmin. See Trevoux in Cat. of Mints.
Toison. Sch., Cat. vii. No. 122.
Tornese, pi. tornesi, a coin of base silver, and subsequently of copper,
current at a very early period in the Levant, where the Venetians
acquired a portion of what is now known as Turkey in Europe at the
commencement of the I3th c. Also a denomination of the Two Sicilies
and (under the form of turnose) of East Friesland, etc. The term is of
course derived from the French tournois. There is a piece of 3
t. struck
for Naples, 1648, and a series of 10, 8, 5 (1797-98, cast), 4, 2, I, and ^ t.
for the Two Sicilies under the Bourbons and the Neapolitan Republic.
Tornesello, a bronze coin, suggested by the colonial tornese, and introduced
at Venice under the Doge Ag. Barbarigo (1486-1501).
Tornez and meo tornez, the Portuguese imitation of the French gros
tournois under Pedro I., 1357-67.
Tostdo, tostdes, a Portuguese silver coin = 100 reis, and equivalent to the
French testone. There is the half or meo tostdo and the gold piece of 5
tostoes or 500 r. The latter seems only to exist of Henrique I., 1578-80.
It seems to be improperly designated in the absence of a portrait or head.
It originally appeared in the I5th c. A countermarked t. of Philip II.
of Spain as King of Portugal, struck at Lisbon, is cited by Sch., xi.
778.
Tournois, denier, the unit, first of the silver or billon, and subsequently
of the copper, coinage of France. The term tournois is derived
from the ancient standard of the money of St. Martin de Tours. The
copper denier tournois was first introduced under Henry III. in 1575,
and remained, with the double, in use till the middle of the following c.
The last survival of this currency is in the doubles of Guernsey but
;
there is no denier.
Tournois, double, a copper coin of France, i6th-i7th
= c. 2 deniers
tournois.
Tournois, gros, a coin of fine silver, first struck by Louis IX. (1250-
70) at the mint of the Abbey of St. Martin, and four silver deniers.
The type of the obv. is said to be a copy of an Arabic dirhem of Acre of
1251 but
;
the rudimentary chatel seems to be symbolical of the place of
origin, and may be seen further developed in the early Brabantine gros
au portail. Philip III., the successor of Louis, 1270-85, struck the
\ gros or maille tierce, and of the coin itself there are two varieties
a FO rond and d fO long. The g. t. was imitated in the Low Countries
and in Germany, sometimes even to the preservation of the Touraine
legend, especially by the Counts of Holland and the Dukes of Brabant
and Juliers. The word occurs in the corrupt forms of turnose and tornese,
q.v., as well as in the Scotish turner.
Tournois, livre. See Livre.
Traro, or Da Cinque [soldi or gazzette\ a small Venetian base silver
coin of 1 8th c. The rev. has Ivdicivm Rectvm and a figure of Justice.
On the obv. of one specimen occurs : Pax. Tibi. Mar. Evan. M., the
winged lion to 1.,
and in the exergue, 1722.
Tremissis, the third of the solidus or sol of gold. See Triens.
Triens (tiers de sol), a gold denomination, more properly called the
tremissis, copied throughout the greater part of Western Europe from
the 6th to the loth c. It probably sprang from a German or Netherland