W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

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Catalogue of European Denominations 231
Schulpfenning, the money of various values (from a few batzen to 4
ducats) presented to the pupils at Swiss schools in former times at the
annual examinations or breakings-up. The practice appears to have
commenced about 1
560, and in some of the cantons survived till the end
of the last c. The majority of the pieces are undated, in order that the
same die might serve from year to year. In Geneva medals were substituted
for money in 1616. Comp. Pr. The German Catcchismus type
was probably designed for a similar purpose.
Schiisselpfenning, a silver coin current in Korbach and Waldeck.
S chiisselpfenning Heller, a billon coin of the See of Treves, i6th c.
Schussthaler, a type of the thaler struck by David von Scrapplau,
Count of Mansfeld, 1610. Sch., Cat. iii. No. 312.
Schutzenthaler, the term given to the money awarded to successful
marksmen in Germany and Switzerland. The earliest of the modern
Swiss series is that of Berne, 1830. In Germany, as well as in Switzerland
itself, however, there were earlier productions of this character
awarded under different circumstances. A square thaler of John George
II. of Saxony, K.G., 1678, was struck at the inauguration of the new
it
shooting-houses has on obv. the
; gartered shield, and on rev. Hercules
standing with club and lion's skin. There is an Austrian thaler of the
same kind, issued for the competition in 1868.
Schware, pi. schwaren, copper currency of Bremen, iSth-igth c.
There are pieces of 2^, i, and ^.
Five s. were = a grote.
Schwart groschcn, or black groschen, a term applied to a Saxon denomination
of 1482.
Scudo, properly the Italian counterpart of the French ecu, and at the
outset a. coin in gold or silver with a shield of arms on the reverse. The
Venetians, besides their gold ducat, had a scudo d'oro under the Doge
Andrea Gritti (1523-39), with the lion enclosed in a shield ;
there are the
half and the double ;
but the type was not continued. The double or
doppia seems only to have been coined under Nicolo Donato (1618) and
4 Scudi di oro of Ferdinando Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua, 1612-26.
Giovanni Cornaro (1625-30). The latter reign produced a third
experiment in the shape of a pattern for a gold piece on a thicker flan
than the ducat and scudo, but corresponding to the former in module.
It reads on rev. Noster. Defens. Cat. Rossi, 1880, No. 5295, 99
lire.
Some very remarkable and covetable specimens of the gold scudo, its
divisions and multiples, are found in the papal, Tuscan, Mantuan, and
other series. Pieces of 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, and 12 scudi were struck by the
Popes and the earlier Dukes of Mantua. A 4-scudi piece in gold of
Vincenzo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua (1587-1612), is dated 1600. There
is a very interesting \ scudo of Florence of Nicolo Guicciardini, gonfalo-