W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

Catalogue of European Denominations 223
in use in Cuilemborg in 1590-91. Saxe-Meiningen struck a piece of \\ pf.
in 1740. There is a vierstuiverpenning or 4-stuiver piece, and in 1848
the Netherlands issued a negotie-penning of 10 gold florins (Schulman,
Cat. xv. 877). The coin entitled a Brodt Penning, 1789, was employed
at Cologne for distribution among the poor during a scarcity the Anglo-
;
Saxons and Hollanders had an analogous currency. On an early specimen
belonging to Utrecht we read Dit is der Armen Pe., and (on rev.)
Moneta. S. Martini. from the legend of St. Martin and the beggar.
Pfenning, a silver denomination mentioned in a grant from the
Emperor Charles IV., in 1363, to the town of Wertheim in Baden.
Pfetmanchen, a small coin of the Prussian abbey of Essen, I7th c.
The I2oth part of a reichsthaler. In the Diocese of Treves it was a term
applied to the albus. Comp. Mark.
Phenix, the name of the silver coin struck by President Capo d' I stria
under the Greek Republic, 1828 = rather less than a lira. An appropriate
appellation for a coinage significant of national revival.
Philipsdaalder, silver crown struck by Philip II. of Spain for the
Netherlands. There are the divisions down to the 4oth part. See next
article.
Philippus, and the half, a name given to the silver crown and its
divisions struck by or for Philip II. of Spain during his occupation of
the Low Countries. There is the half, fifth, tenth, twentieth, and fortieth
parts. The last was 20 mites. A type of the Philippics or daalder, with
his portrait and titles, was struck at Antwerp after the relinquishment of
the Low Countries of Flanders by the Spaniards in 1580. There is a
pattern evidently issued posterior to the occupation of Portugal by
Philip, as the shield quarters the arms of that kingdom. Indeed it is
remarkable that so late as 1593 coins with the name of this prince continued
to appear in the country, where he had made himself so deservedly
obnoxious, side by side with those associated with comparative political
freedom. But the circulation of Spanish, as well as of Austrian, money
in this oppressed region was not arrested till the end of the iSth c.
Piastre, a Spanish silver coin of eight reales. It dates from the reign
of Ferdinand and Isabella ; comp. Piece of Eight. The Medici of
Florence coined both the gold and silver piastre the ; gold p. of Cosmo
II., 1610, engraved by Scipione Mola, is considered the chef d'&uvre
of the Florentine mint. The Turkish p. is a totally different piece,
worth about 3d.
Piataltinik, the Russian 15-kopeck piece.
Piatar, a piece of 5 Russian kopecks of large module, struck from
1758 down to the beginning of the present c.
Piatatchek, the Russian 5 -kopeck piece in silver.
*Picchaleon, Sardinian, copper. The centesimo.
Picciolo, a small copper coin of Malta, first struck without, and then
with, the name. Apparently = i grano. of Eight. See Real.
There is a piece of 3 pice.
Piedfort, or Piefort, an expression frequently employed to denote pieces
of money struck on an unusually thick flan. Patterns have more often
than not been issued on the Continent in this shape, and the piedforts in
the French series are particularly numerous. Some evidently passed
current. But among the Germans and Low Country numismatists the
term is sometimes applied to what appears to be more properly a double
piece ;
not one of small thick module, but of twice or thrice the usual
weight.