W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

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92 The Coins of Europe
have led to the introduction of the coronato into Sicily, though the legends
and types differ.
Cotale, a silver coin of Florence under the republic, with S. Joannes
Batista, and the saint seated, on obv., and on rev. Florentia and the lily.
Cotrim, a billon Portuguese coin of the =
i$th c. 5 ceitis.
Courant. See Species and Banco.
Couronne, a term improperly applied to coins otherwise than of
French origin, and in that series there is no such denomination, except
the gold ecu a la couronne, first issued under Philip VI. (1328-50).
Courtisson, a coin of Charles le Chauve, 840-75, noticed by Schulman,
Cat. in, No. 345.
Crabbelaer, the same as the Vlieger. A piece of four patards.
Crazia, a billon denomination of Medicean Florence under Cosmo I.
(1537-74). There is also the piece of 2 crazie or the doppia crazia.
*Croat, Spanish silver. The gros d'argent of Arragon.
Cromstcert, or Kromstaert, the Dutch groot or gros with the lion.
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5th c. Holland.
Crosazzo, a Genoese silver coin, I7th c. The reverse has the usual
Conrad titles, accompanied by a cross with four stars. There are the
double and quadruple crosazzo, as well as the crosazzo di stampo largo, or
the coin on a larger flan. See Remedi Cat., 1884, Nos. 1480-1517, for a
probably unique series of crosazzi. No. 1480, a piece of 6 cr., weighing
230 gr., brought 280 lire.
*Cruchc, Swiss billon, value W.
Cruzada and dobra cr., a gold denomination of Castile under Pedro I.,
1350-68, weighing (the cr.) 92^ gr., and of fine standard. The titles are
on both sides : the obv. exhibiting the bust of the king crowned ;
the rev.
the arms of Castile and Leon. The m.m. is S- probably Saragossa.
The cr. was = 75 reaes or reales in 1451, but the value fluctuated. It was
one of the pieces admitted into circulation in Portugal.
Cruzado, Crusatus, a gold Portuguese coin, so termed from the share
borne by Alphonso V. (1438-81) in the Turkish Crusade. There is a
variety designated the Calvario Cruzado. Philip II. of Spain, after his
occupation of Portugal, issued a rare piece of four cruzados, of which
there are at least two varieties. Those of Henry the Cardinal, 1578-80,
are also rare. John, Prince Regent, 1799, afterward John VI., issued a
cruzado of a new type, called the cruzado nuevo = 400 reis.
Comp. Pinto.
Cruzado, a silver coin of Portugal = 4 tostdes, or 400 reis, with the half.
First struck under Antonio (1580), and again introduced after the restoration
of independence by John IV. Pedro II. in 1688 had a cr. novo =
480 reis, instead of 400, weight 347 gr.
Cuartilla, a copper coin = j real, struck in 1860 for the Spanish
colony of Chihuahua.
Cuarto and double c., copper denominations of Spain under Ferdinand
and Isabella (1476-1504), Joanna, Queen of Castile, her son Charles V.,
and the later monarchs of that country. The word is sometimes spelled
Quarto, q.v. The most usual type bears the Castle and Lion on either
side for Castile and Leon. Originally = j and \ real.
Da Venti, da Sedici, da otto, da quattro, da due, a term employed at
Venice and elsewhere in Italy to denote multiples of the mint according
to the metal in the gold the ducat, in the copper the bagattino. The \
giustina maggiore is sometimes termed the Da Quaranta, the whole
being = 160 soldi.