W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

142 The Coins of Europe
curious copper pieces of at least two types, belong here. The Venetian
coinage seems to have been executed at headquarters, like that for
Bergamo, Friuli, etc. The mint was closed in 1405-6. It is
proper to
mention that the copper money above referred to is set down in the
Rossi Catalogue, 1880, as belonging to the category of tessere or tokens ;
but this is a doubtful point.
Palermo, a mint of the Arab emirs of Sicily, loth-nth c., and of the
kingdom of the Two Sicilies, I7th-I9th c.
Pallant. See Cidlemborg.
Palma, cap. of Majorca, and probable place of mintage of certain
coins mentioned under Majorca. Some of the pieces bear a P.
Palma-Nuova, Udine, the place of coinage of thick plated pieces of
50 and 25 centesimi with the Italian titles of Napoleon struck I., during
the blockade by the Allies in 1814.
Pamiers, a mint of the ancient Counts of Foix (iith-i4th c.), whose
domains were amalgamated with Beam. Fnxii. No specimens which
can be confidently attributed to this place are known but certain ;
pieces
of low standard, struck here about 1420, were suppressed or prohibited
by the Crown in 1421-22.
Pampeluna, Navarre, the principal town of this part of Spain in the
Middle Ages, and probably the seat of coinage of the Counts of Bigorre
(9th-i4th c.). Henry IV. of France, after his accession to the throne of
that kingdom, and the annexation of Lower Navarre to the Crown, struck
coins for special currency there, and the later Bourbon princes have done
the same thing.
Parchim, Mecklenburgh, a seigniorial mint, 1 4th- 1 5th c. Moneta
Parchem R. Civit. Dni. D. Werle. The same person had a second mint
at Malchin (Moneta Malchinen.*).
Paris, a mint of the successors of Clovis I. in that portion of his
dominions after 511, more particularly of Clovis II., of the Kings of
Neustria, of the Capetian, Valois, and Bourbon Kings of France, and of
the Napoleon dynasty. A denier of Charles le Chauve was struck here.
During the First Revolution the Hotel des Monnaies produced for the
first time the modern type of the franc (in a 5-fr. piece only) and the
centime ; and Monneron issued his series of medaillcs, or copper tokens,
in substitution for assignats, of which the worth at one period declined,
till it required from 15,000 to 25,000 livres in paper to pay for a pair of
boots. These tokens, for which Monneron had a patent, were for 2 and
5 sols, and a second firm, Lefevre & Cie, brought out similar ones for 10
and 20 sols. The earlier coinage of the modern kingdom of Greece proceeded
from this mint, as also did and does that for the Colonies. Probably
nearly all the essais or patterns of various dates, in which this
series is so rich even those for the Franco- Italian pieces were of the
same origin.
Parma, the seat of a coinage under imperial authority by virtue of a
concession from Philip of Suabia, King of the Romans, in 1207. The
earliest pieces with which we have met are oboli, with the name of Philip
on obv. and that of the town on rev. Under Frederic II. (1220-50) the
fabric and style greatly improved. This was subsequently a mint of
several of the popes, of the Farnese family, and of the more modern
duchies created by Napoleon I.,
and in favour of Marie Louise. Some
of the coins of the Farnesi were struck, however, at Piacenza, and were
evidently the work of some distinguished artists. Of the money of Marie
Louise, ex-Empress of the French, as Duchess of Parma and Guastalla,