W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

Catalogue of European Mints 87
the silver currency for a pecuniary consideration, and the deniers and
oboles bear, in lieu of Episcopus Caturcensis, Civitas Caturci. The
earliest coins appear to be of Bishop Geraud about 1090 one of
;
his
deniers bears : Geraldus Eps. and Caturcius. The payment to the See in
1224 for the municipal privilege of striking the silver for six years was 600
sols, the bishop evidently retaining the billon, from which the maximum
profit was derived.
Calais, an Anglo-Gallic mint, 1347-1450. But no money of Richard
II. and Henry IV. seems to be known. Edward III., after the fall of
C. in 1347, by ordinances of 1348-49 appointed a director of his mint, but
finally left it to the discretion of the commandant to strike what pieces
and types seemed most convenient to the wants of the locality and the
taste of the inhabitants, his friends and subjects. In 1371 an arrangement
was made to coin gold nobles = 6 sols 8 deniers, 45 to the li-vre
according to the standard of the Tower of London ; \ and \ nobles = 40
and 20 esterlins ; grds = 4 esterlins ; \ gros, esterlins (1200 to the livre\
mailles or \ esterlins, and ferlings or \ esterlins. A gros of Edward III.
describes him as Comes Merket or Comte de la Marche. Villa Calesie
or Calisie.
Calcar, CleVes, a mint of the early dukes.
Calmar, an early Swedish, mint. Kalmrni.
Cambrai, a seigniorial, capitular, and episcopal mint, and subsequently
one of the successive foreign rulers of Brabant. There is an
esterling of Willem van Hainault, 1292-96, and a series of later pieces in
all metals down to the I7th c. of the bishop and chapter. During the
siege by the Spaniards in 1581, the town struck a gulden or daalder, and
pieces of I, 2, 5, and 10 patards ; and in 1595, during a second siege, i, 2,
5, 10, and 20 patards, etc. The 2o-patard piece of 1595, on a square flan,
is inscribed Henrtco Protectori in gratitude to Henry IV. of France. See
Saint-Gery. Castri in Cameracesio, C A M R in the cantons of a cross,
Moneta Capilvli, etc. There is a remarkable double inouton d'or struck
by the chapter, sede vacante, between 1368 and 1378.
Camerino, States of the Church, formerly an independent commonwealth
(i4th-i5th c.) and (i5th-i6th c.) a sovereign fief of the Da Varano
family, which coined money here in all the three metals. A gold zecchino
of Gio. Maria da Varano (1521-27) sold at the Rossi sale, 1880, No. 729,
for 750 lire. The property passed to the Church in 1538, and shortly
after was erected into a duchy by the Farnese family. There is a grosso
belonging here of Ottavio Farnese (1547-78) with Octavivs F. Camer.
Dvx. It became a papal mint again in 1670. Cammereno, Camerina,
Camertivm. Dvx.
Campen, a mint at which local currency and convention-money were
struck from the I5th c. to the I7th. See Convention-money in Catalogue
of Denominations. Siege-money was struck here in 1578; 42, 21, loi
stuivers, etc. and
; again in 1672, when the town was invested by the
Archbishop of Cologne and the Bishop of Munster.
Campi, Naples, a seat of the feudal family of Centurione-Scotti e Serra,
1654-69, who struck money in their own name.
Campobasso, Naples, apparently a place of seigniorial coinage in the
1
5th c. There is a tornese in billon of Nicolo di Monforte (1450-62) with
Nicola Com., and on rev. Campibassi.
Candia, a temporary mint of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem
between their abandonment of Rhodes and settlement at Malta. Also
the seat of a Venetian currency during the occupation of the island by the