New_System_of_Geogra.. - Medievalcoinage.com

ä
THE LIBRARY
OF
THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA
LOS ANGELES

'i:^?^^^-. ,;..,.
IM

NEW SYSTE
GEOGRAPH
O F
INWHICHISGIVEN,
A General Account of the Situation and Limits, the
Manners, History, and Const itution, oi^ the
feveral Kingdoms and States in the known World ;
And a very particular Defcriptlon of their Siibdhißcns and Dependenciis ; their
Cities and Tovins, Forts, Sea-ports, Froducey ManiifaSlures and Commerce.
By A. F. B U S C H I N G, D. D.
ProfefTor of Philofophy in the Univerficy of Gottince n, and Member of the
Learned Society at Duisburg.
Carefully Tranflated from the
laft Edition of the German Original.
To the Author's Introduflory Difcourfe are added three Effays relative to the Subjefl.
lUuftrated wich Thirty-fix Maps^ accurately projeded on a new Plan.
IN SIX VOLUMES.
V O L U M E the F I F T H.
CONTAINING,
Part of G E R M A N y, viz.
Circles of the U p p e r-R h i n e, S w a r i a, Fr a n c o n i a,
and U p p E r-S a x o n v.
LONDON:
Printed for
A. Millar in the Strand.
M DCC LXII.

—
1
Annex
II
abM#iM»«paiV"»«i*^** i w L ^^^nm-"^^! *n g 'w I '
'
^. _
i ff-.^ .Ll " ai -k»^ ,.>;; r-*-*r^-r—
CONTENTS
T O
T H E
Fifth Volume.
The EMPIRE of GERMANY.
I
Ntroductiom to the Circle of
the Upper-Rhine page 3
The Bip.'Opric of Worms
Spire
The Prcvoßßjip o/'Weiflenburg
Tm Brjhopric of Slrafsburg
Bafel
Fulda
7
9
12
ibid.
16
The Mnßerjkip cf St. John, or the
Prvicipa/ity oj Heidtrllieim 23
The Abbey of Prüm
The Prtcry oj Odcnheim
The Dutch)' of Simmern
Laurern
Veldenz (TJ-v^/
Lautereck
The Dutcf.y of Deux-ponts
24
26
27
29
30
31
A 2
HeiTe
Heffe-Caffel
Lower-Hefle
Upper-Heße
The Principality cf Hcrsfeld
The Margravate o/Nomeny
The PriTicipdlity oj Sahn
Nallau in General
The County of Naflau-Dietz
NafTau- Saarbruck-Ufingen
The County of VValdeck
The Lcrdßip of
Planau-Munzenberg
page 34
^^
Hanau-Lichtenberw
1 10
The Lauds belonging to the Princes
of Solms 1 1
.
ibid.
SI
77
«3
84
«5
88
92
97
lOI
The
85Ö5S5

CONTENTS.
5
7'he County ö/Konigfte!n page 1 16
Upper-Yflenburg 119
Of the Wild and Rhinegraves, in
general 123
The County arid Hoiife of Leinengen
in general 128
Wefterburg
1 3 i
Munzfelden 134
The County of Witgenftein 135
Falkenfteln 137
The Lordßip of Reipoltzkirchen 139
Kirchingen 140
The County of Watternberg ibid.
The LorJßjip of "QxtiZQuhtwa. 141
Dachftul 142
OUbruck
ibid.
The Imperial City c/ Worms ibid.
Spire 144
Frankfort c« ^^c" Maine ibid.
Friedberg 147
The Imperial Town of Wetzlar 1 48
The Lordfldp o/'Shaumburg page 1 49
Oberftein
ibid.
Of S w A B I A in General 150
in particular 159
The Biß:opric e/'Coflanz 162
Augsburg 166
The princely PrioryofEWwzngtn 1
69
The Princely Abbey ö/' Kempten 171
The Dutchy c/Wurtembergrtw^Teck
174
OJ the Marggrofvate cf Baaden in
General 2 1
The Country belonging to the Prince
of Hohenzollern 224
The Princely Abbey c/" Lindau 227
Buchau 229
The Princely Ccunty c/Thengen 230
Furftenberg
Heiligenberg
Oettingen
1
page 23
232
233
The Princely Landgravate o/~KIettgau
or Schwarzenburg 238
The Principality of Lichtenftein 240
The Landgravate o/Stuhlingen 241
The Abbey ö/'Salirtanfweiler 242
Weingarten 243
Ochfenhaufen 246
Elchingen 247
Yrfee
ibid.
Urfperg 248
Kayferflieim
ibid.
Roggenburg 250
Roth
ibid.
Weiffenau 251
Schuffenreid 252
Marchthal
•
ibid.
Peterfhaufen 253
The Priory o/' Wettenhaufen 254
The Abbey of Z\\\h\xtu.
ibid-
Gengenbach 25!^
Heggbach 256
Gutenzell
ibid.
Rothmuniler 257
Baindt
ibid.
Alchhaufen 258
Oettingen-Wallerftein 259
The Furftenberg Lordßnp of Mofzkirch
261
The Lordßnp Wicfenfteig 262
The Furftenberg Laridgravate of "Bzzv
ibid.
The Furflenberg Lordßnp of Haufen
in the Kinzing Thale 263
The

CONTENTS.
The'LordßiipofTtX.'vciv:^^ p. 264
Truchfefs 265
WolfFcgg-zeil 266
11:5 County of Zell ibid.
Wolffegg-Zeil-Wurzach 267
Wolffl'gg-V/olffegg
ibid.
Wolffegg-Waldlee 268
Scheer-Scheer
ibid.
Trauchburg 269
Konigfegg
ibid.
Konigfegg-Rothenfels 270
Konigfegg-Aulendorf
ibid.
Tbe Lordßnp of Mindelheim and
Schwarbeck 271
Gundelfingen 272
The County of W^QX^tvn. 273
Fugger
ibid.
The County of Hohenembs 277
The Lordjhip of Jaftingen 278
The County of Bondorf 279
Tlje Lordßnp c/'Eglof 280
The County or Lordßnp of Thannhaufen
ibid.
The County c/'Hohen-Geroldfeck 28 1
The Lordßnp oj Eglingen 282
Augsburg
ibid.
Ulm 284
Efzlingen 287
Reutlingen 2§8
Nordlingen 289
Hall 290
Ueberlingen

. Al
2
CONTENTS.
THE CIRCLE OF BAVARIA.
31
Introduftion page 3
1
The Archbißioprk of Salzburg 3 1
T:he EleBorate o/"Bavaria 322
Upper-Bavaria 329
Lower-Bavaria
34^
Upper-Palatinate 349
Tlj«Bißyjpricof¥rej^\t\g 356
The Lordßnp of Burgkraia 357
Werden fels
ibid.
Tloe PrincipMiiies of Neuburg and
Sulzbach 358
Tkc Dutchy of Neuburg 359
The Principality of Sulzbach 363
The Bifxpric rf Ratisbon 36 5
The Princely Langravate of Leuchtenberg
367
The B'ßopric of Paffau
3 6 H
The Princely CouKfy of S'er ftein 3 7
The Prince/y Provojtjhp of Berchtoldfgaden
372
The County of ¥l^z1 373
The Princely Abbey of St. Emmerarn
374
The County of Ortenburg 376
The Princely Abbey oj Lower-Munlter
}17
The Seigniory c/'EhrenfcIs
ibid.
Breiteneck 383
The Imperial City of Ratisbon 3 '-^4
The Circle oj Franconia 386
The Abbey ^/"Upper-Munfter 378
The Seigniories of Suizburgh ami Pyrbaum
ibid.
Hoben-V/a!deck 382
.
The Biß^opric 6f EimhQvg page 390
Wurzburg 398
Th: Principality of Culmbach or
Bayreuth 415
The hljhopric oj Eichftett 429
The principality of Onolzbach or
Ansbach 437
Mergentheim 449
The Bailiivick of Franconia 453
face. ij/ztj' Burgundy 457
Auuria 458
Ecfch and the Gtbirg 459
Ccblentz
ibid.
Old-Bielen 460
W^eftphalia
ibid-
Lorrain 461
Heffe
ibid.
Saxony
ibid.
Tlje Cumnendary c/ThuringIa 462
The Bailiuick cf Utrecht ibid.
The Prince 'y Cw/77/v^/Henneberg ibid
Schvparzenberg 471
The Ccunty f/'H:;herlohe
4^7
The Line p/ Barten ftein 482
Pfedelbach
ibid.
Schillingsfurft
Öhringen
L;irgenburo;
Ingeifingen
Kifchberg
The Couity of C2L{itW
Werth(.im
483
4«4
-485
486
ibid.
487
490
The

CONTENTS.
TbeCcu/2^y ofKc'mtck page 496
Erbach 497
7'he Seigniory c/Limburg 502
Speckfckl 506
BrandenburgOnolzbach ibid.
Seinllieim
Reichelsbero;
Wiefenthcid
Welzheitn
Haufen
Tbe Imperial City o/' Nürnberg
Rotbenburg
Windlheim
Schvvfiinfurt
Weillenburg
507
ibid.
508
509
ibid.
523
524
525
l^he Circle oj Upper-Saxony p. 526
Thuringia 550
The Marggra'\:ate Meiffen 563
T!he Circle of Meillen 566
Leipzig 583
Erzgebirg 596
Votgland 610
Neuftadt 6 1
5
'The Foundation o/'Merfeburg 618
Naumburg 622
77v Mark of Brandenburg 625
TZv Old-Mark 639
The Prignitz 649
The Middle-Mark 654
C/rf/(f o/'Lebus (ifr. 672
Lift

Lift of the Maps to Busching's Geography.
Europe, plate ift.
Europe, plate 2d.
Denmark.
Norway.
Sweden.
RufTia in Europe.
Vol. I.
Ruffia in Afia.
Kingdom of Pruffia.
Poland.
Vol. II.
Kingdom of Hungary.
Turkey in Europe.
Portugal.
Spain.
France.
Italy plate,
Vol. III.
1 ft.
Italy plate, 2d.
England and Wales plate ift.
England and Wales plate 2d.
Scotland
Ireland
United Netherlands.
United Canton's or SwIfTerland.
Vol. IV.
Germany, plate ift.
Germany, plate 2d.
Bohemia and Moravia.
Circle of Auftria.
Circle of Burguudy.
Circle of Weftphalia.
Vol. V.
Upper ßW Eledoral, or Lower-Rhenilli
Circles.
Circle o/"Swabia
Circle 0/' Bavaria
Circle of Franconia.
North Part of the Circle o/' Upper-
Saxony ivitb the Marks of Brandenburg
and Pomerania,
South Part of the Circle of Upper-
Saxony "Jinth the Marquifates of
Upper and Lower-Lufatia.
Vol. VI.
Circle of Upper-Saxony.
Dutchy of Silefia luitb the Sovereign
County of Glatz.
THE

THE
CIRCLE
O F
T H E
UPPER RHINE.
Tol. V.

Jö^^^^^^^^^^g^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^lpiL
INTRODUCTION
TO THE
CIRCLE
O F
T H E
UPPER RHINE.
§.i. the upper Circle of the Rhine, which is alfo fimply called the
OFCircle of the Rhine-, the fullell and beft chart hitherto publifhed
is that by Gerhard Valk in two Iheets. Thofe of Viffcher, de Wit
and Homann, the latter of which, in the Atlas of Germany, compofes the
ninety-fccond chart ; as alfo thofe executed by other hands, are remarkably
fuperficial and defedive.
§. 2. From this Circle, almoft all lands and ftates, fituate on the other
fide of the Rhine, have been gradually taken away by France; that is to
fay, the greateft part of the bifhopric of Strafburg, as alfo thofe of Metz,
'Tull and P'^erdun, together with the archbifliopric of Bifatir, or Befan^on^
the princely abbey of Murbach, the abbey of Mimßer, in the Gregorienthale,
and thedutchy oi Lorrain (which at firfi was reckoned in the Circle of the
Upper Rhine, but afterwards was annexed to that oi Burgundy, fee vol. 2. p.420.
the county of Bitfch, the land-vogtey oi Hagenau, which comprized the ten
ancient Imperial cities of Alface, together with the Imperial cities oi Metz,
Tull, Verdun and Straßurg. This Circle is at prefent terminated by the Electoral
Circle of the Rhine, by which it is alfo properly interfered,
B z
the Lower
Circle

4
INTRODUCTION TO
Circle of the Rhine and the Weßphalian, together with the Loiver Saxon,
the Upper Saxo7i, the Franconian and Sivabian Circles, Alface and LorraWy
in the latter of which alfo are fome lands belonging to the Circle of the
Upper Rime. Concerning its extent we have fpoken of that before, under
the Eledoral Rheniß) Circle.
§. 3. The Circle of the Upper Rhine has, at prefent, the following ftates
belonging to it ; namely, thofe of the biüioprics of Worms and Spire, as
alfo the provoftfliip of JFeiffhibiirg, together with the biflioprics of Strafburg,
Bafel and Fulda, and the commandery of the order of St. John, as
abbey of Prüm, with the provoftihip of Ort'cw/'m« and the
alfo the princely
Eledoral Palatinate of Simmern, Lautern and Veldenz, the Palatinate of
Deuxponts, Heje-Caßl, Heß-Darmßadt, Hersfeld or Hitfehfeld and Spofiheim,
as alfo the margraviates of Nomeny, Sahn with Kirburg, Nafjau-
Weiiburg, 'Naffau-Ufingen, Naffau-Idßein, Nafau-Saarbrucken and Otiveiler,
with thofe of Waldeck, Hanau-Munzenburg, Hanau-Lichtenburg, Solms-
Hohenfolms, Sohns-Braiinfels, Solms-Rodolheim, Sohns-Laubach, ar.d the
Eleäorate of Mentz on account of Konigßein ; that of Stolberg on account
of Konigßein, thofe of Jfenburg-Birßein, Ifenbm-g-Budingen, Wachtersbach
and Meerholz, as alio the Rhinegraves of Greweiler, Griwibach, Dhaun,
Leiningen-Hartenburg, Leitiitigetj-Weßerburg and Gru7ifladt, Munzfelden,
Witgenßein of Witgenßein, Witgejtßein-Berkbiirg, Falkenflein, Reipolzkirchen,
Chriechingen, Wartenberg, Bretzenheim, Dachßuhl and Ollbruck, and the
Imperial cities of Wortns, Spire, Franckfort, Friedberg and Wetzlar, Some
Seigniories alfo lie in this Circle, but thefe are either exempted, or have
neither feat nor voice in it. Heß'e-Caßel and Hanau- Munzenberg have
fometimes feparated from the Circle, and I know not whether, at prefent,
they hold of it again or not. The dukedom of Sa'-jcy is alfo reckoned in it,
but this has feparated itfelf from the Circle. Some difputes relating to the
ranks of the above-mentioned flates of the Circle, are ftill exifting, but
they generally follow each other in the order here recited.
§. 4. The billiop of Worms and the Eleflor palatine of the dutchy of Simmem,
are fummoning Princes of this Circle. Thefe, on account of the
DireBorium, entered into a ftipulation at Weinheim, in the year 1690, to
the following effed; viz. thiit Worms indeed Ihould pofTefs it alone, but yet
communicate with the Eledlor-palatine of i'/wwdT«. In the year 1705, they
ftipulated again,
that Wo?'ms fliould feparately engrofs and expedite the circular
fummons, but both before and after engroffing them, communicate them
to the Eledlor-palatine for perufal and revifion : That the deputies of the
Palatinate of Simmern (hould concur in binding the officers of the Circle,
at the folemn engagement ; and that the deputies of Worms fhould
fubfcribethe heads of bills to be brought in, after the words, Von gefammten
Kreis-AuJfchreib-amts wegen.
That the chancery of Worms fliould addrefs
the

. either
77;^ Circk

INTRODUCTION, &>€.
J 702, which were afterwards frequently renewed by certain Circles. As
the prejacent Circles, ;in the year 1 697, took upon them, the fetting on
foot a triple army of 6o,oco men ; of thefe 10,023 ^^^^ ^° ^^^ Circle of
the Upper Rhine ; but it being reprefented that it could not poffibly fupply
this oumber on account of the diminution of the ftates of the Circle,
and the miferies it endured from the war, 7000 men were offered > that is
to fay, two thirds foot and one third horfe, if the princely houfe of
Heße returned again to the Circle ; but that otherwife only 5000 men ;,
nay, in the treaty oi Nordüngen ^ in the year 1702, it fupplied only 3600
men. In the year 1727, after the ftipulated one and a half fupply, it kept
on foot, in times of peace, one hundred and fifty horfe and Z120 foot.
In the year 1733, it raifed a triple army ; vlz^ two hundred horfe and
6023 foot. The Circle captain-office has, in later times, been again
brought into vogue; and, in the year 1750, was conferred on X^-w/j VIIL
landgrave of Hejfe-Darmßadt.
§. 7. This Circle, with refpedl to its religion, is reckoned among the
mixed, and to the chamber judicatory ad.ually prefents at prefent two.
aifeflbrvS.
THE

[ 7 ]
THE
BISHOPRIC
O F
W O R M S.
§. i.T N the year 1752, Homann^ heirs publiflied a chart of the bi-
chart,
X
fliopric of JVorms, which in the Atlas of Germany makes the 93d
but has confiderable defedts.
§. 2. It lies on the Rhine, being about five hours, or two miles and a
half long, and for the greateft part environed by the lower Palatinate, but
partly alfo by the upper county of Katzenellnbogeiiy and by the territory of
Mentz.
§. 3. This country is for the mofl: part mountainous and woody, but
boafts alfo fome fruitful arable lands, meadows and wine. It is likewifc
plentifully watered ; for the RJjine, running through it, receives here feveral
fmaller rivers in its courfe.
§. 4. The Protedant churches in this bifliopric retired in the year 1705
from the Electoral Palatinate to the binx^pric of Wo-rnn, and live now in an
oppreffed State. They have no longer any particular church-government
of their own, but yet are not fubjedl in ecclefiaftical and matrimonial matters
to the regency o{ Wornn or catholic officers. The regency nominates
the paftors and fchoolmallers. One of the Proteftant preachers too is infpedtor
of the reft.
§. 5. In ancient times the Vangiones inhabited this diftridl. In the middle
ages it was called IVormejbeld, JVorniatz-feld, or TVcnnfergau. That it was
formerly the feat of an archbilhop has not been proved ; but the bidiopric
belonging to this place is ancient, and one of the bifhops of Worms {Epifeoptis
Vangionurn) named Vibhr, afHfted at a council at Colcgn, in the year
347. Of the ancient bilhops here, however, we have little certainty. The
feries of the Prelates of /Fwwj, which may be moft depended on, begins
with Ereriibcrt, who was appointed bifliop thereof about the year jjo.
%. 6. The

.
8 'Jthe Circle (?/' /^^ U p p e r R h i n e.
§, 6. The arms of this bifhopric are a filver key, lying in an oblique
pofture, with the wards turned upwards, and having on each fide four
golden ftars,
in a black field.
§. 7. The biOiop of Worim is fubjedl to the archbifiiopric of Mentz. In
the circle of the Vpper Rhine he is the fummoning Prince and diredlor. In
the council of the Princes of the empire he exchanges place on the fpiritual
bench with the Eledlor of Wurzburg. His matricular evaluation is two
horfe and thirteen foot, or feventy-fix florins, and to one chamber-term he
gives fifty rix-doUars, fixty-four kruitzers.
§. 8. The moft worthy chapter of this place, as alfo the cathedra!, has
its feat in the Imperial city of Worms, and confifts of thirteen Capitulars and
nine Domicelli.
§. 9. The princely regency here confifts of a prefident, a chancellor,
aulick and regency counfellors and fecretaries ; the epifcopal vicarfhip, of
a vicar-general, official and fpiritual counfellors ; the aulick judicatory, of
a prefident, an aulick judge, commifiTaries and counfellors, who are all
members of the regency, together with a fecretary ; and the aulick chamber,
of a prefident, provincial clerk, counfellors, fecretary, and a fifcal general.
§. 10. In this bifhopric are the following places.
1
bailiwick.
Stein, a fortrefs lying on the river Wefchnitz, which is the feat of a
2. Nordkeifn, Hoßjeim, and Lamberthctm Proteflant churches and church
belonging to the amt or bailiwick of Stein.
villages,
3. Neuhaufen, a borough, having a procurator, who holds jurifdidlion
ever this and the following boroughs. The Proteftant churches here were
begun by the catholics, in the year 1699, to be ufed in common. In this
place was anciently a royal court, which Dagobert King of the Franks
eredled into a church, and bidiop Samuel, in the year 847, into a collegiate
one. This foundation the Eleilor palatine Frederick 111. fupprefied in the
year 1565, in the room thereof founding a princely fchool, or Gymnajium
illujlre, in which twelve tables are held j but under the catholic Electors all
was again taken away. The revenues of this fupprefi'ed foundation amounted
yearly to between fifteen and twenty thoufand tlorins, and in the year 1706
it was fully ceded by the Eleftor-palatine to the bifliopric of Worms, upon
which Francis Lewis, Eledor of Mentz and biihop of that place, founded
an orphan-houfe at Worms.
4. Rhein-Turkheitn, a borough fituate on the Rhine, the Protefiant church'
belonging to which was formerly a filial of the church oi OtthoJ, but in the
year 1730 was added that oi Neuhaufen. In the year 1699 the catholics
alfo began to make ufe of it for divine fervice. In this town the family.
of de Ron has an
hereditary feat.
5. Hockheim, a borough, in which till the year 1730, was a Protefiant
filial church belonging to the church of Neuhaufen, but by the catholicseredled

Spire.] GERMAN
T.
eredled into a peculiar parifli-church of itfelf. The ancient cloirter here
was fupprefled in the year 1580, by the Eledor-palatine.
6. Lichbenan, formerly a cloifter, fupprefled by the Eleftor-palatine, in
the year 1570.
9
7. Dirmßein, a borough and citadel of a bifhop. In this place is a bailiwick,
a provincial decanate and a Proteflant church.
8. JVieJJoppenheim, a village, containing a catholic church.
9. Horcheim, a village, having a catholic church.
10. Weisß^eim, a village containing a filial church belonging to the paridi
of Horcheim.
11. Beunterßeim, a village, having a Proteftant church, which, ever
fittce the year 1 700, the catholics have alfo made ufe of for divine fervice,
and the Proteftants at prefent enjoy it only every fourth week.
1 2. Laumerßmm, or Lammerfcheim, and Ormß:eim, in Latin Mors, arc
villages containing churches of the Proteflants.
13. Roxheim, a village feated on a canal, which falls into the Rh'uie, where
the family of de Ron has an hereditary feat, as alfo the crane or ftaple-right
thereof, which brings in yearly above 1 500 florins.
14. Neu-Leiningen, a town fl:anding on a mountain, was in the year
1468, on the death of Heßb, landgrave of Lciningen, fupprefled by the
bifliopric of Worms as fuperior of the fief; and in the fame year one half of it
conferred on the palfgrave Frederick. At prefent the line of Neu-Leinuigeh
is in poflTeflion of the other half. The citadel here was laid wafte by the
French.
SPIRE.
7'he Bishopric 0/'
§. I. (~\^ this bifhopric alfo Homann\ heirs publiflied a chart in the year
^"^ 1753, which was taken from the drawing o? Bloedncr ihtJVurtemburg
engineer, and in the Atlas of Germa?iy forms the 94th chart, but
is
not without faults.
§. 2. This bifliopric lies on the Rbine, being for the mofl: part furrounded
by the Eledoral Palatinate, and bounding alfo in fome places on
the Margraviate of Baaden-Durlach. It is partly woody and partly mountainous,
hut enjoys alfo good arable lands, wine, cheflnuts and almonds.
§.3. In thefe territories anciently dwelt the Nemctes. In the middle
ages the bifliopric formed a part of the Speyrgau. The real origin of it is
unknown, though a bifliop oi Spire, named Jt'/ß, is adduced, who in the
Vol. V. C year

10 GERMANY. [Spire.
year 348 afllüed at a council at Cologfi. Mention is alfo made, that Da~
•rohert I. King of the Franks, in the beginning of the feventh century
eredled the biihopric of Spire, as it were of new, and appointed Athanafim
his chaplain, bifhop thereof.
§. 4. The arms of this bifliopric are a filver crofs in a blue field.
§.5. The bifliop of Spire is fubjedl to the archt'iiliop of Mentz. He is a
Prince of the Empire, and in the council of the Princes thereof has a feat
and voice on the fpiritual bench between the bifliops of Eichßatt and
Strasjhirg. At the Diets of the circle of the Upper Rhine he takes the fecond
place. His matricular evaluation is eighteen horfe and fixty foot, or
monthly four hundred and fifty-fix florins. To one chamber-term he gives,
on account of this bifhopric and the provoftfliip oi Weijfenburg, one hundred
and fixtv-nine rix-dollars eight kruitzers.
§. 6. The feat of the cathedral-church and chapter lies in the imperial
city of Spire. The highly worthy chapter thereof confifts of fourteen capitulars,
and of the Demicelli here there are thirteen.
§. 7. The regency, the epifcopal vicarfliip, the aulick jurifdidlion and
aulick chamber are its high colleges.
§. 8. To the bifliopric of Spire belong the following places, namely,
I. Philipsbiirg, a town and fort lying on the Rhine, and fprung out of
a borough, named Vdenheim, which Emich bifhop of Spire purchafed in
the year 13 16, oi Henry of Cologn, burgher of Spire. Bifhop Gerhard ohtained
permiflion of the Emperor Lewis to fortify this place with walls and
ditches, and bifliop Philip chofe it for his refidence, caufing it in the year
1618 to be fortified. But the combined Electors and Princes, particularly
the Eleftor-palatine Frederick V. as fuperior, together with the Margrave
of Baaden-JDur/ach, agreed at an aflembly fummoned at Heilbriin, to fend
thither 4000 horfe and foot, with 1200 pioneers, and the neceflary artillery,
who alfo on June t\\c 15th, 161 8, demanded and took pofl"eflion of the
place, and upon this razed all the fortifications thereof. But as the Eledor
Frederick was put under the ban, the bifhop of Spire, in the year 1623,
availed himfelf of this opportunity, to complete the fortifications, and
named the place Philipsburg, in honour of the Apoftle of that name. It
was fortified afterwards in a better and more regular.manner. The town,,
indeed, belongs to the bifliop of Spire, who has alfo an office here; but is
looked upon as a fort of the Empire, and accordingly a governor and commandant
are appointed here by it. In the year 1 714, at the aflembly of
the circle-aflbciation of Heilbron, it was agreed, that the circle of Franconia
fliould fufi^er its troops here to continue longer, or be relieved by an equal
number ; upon which the circle alfo appointed a Proteflant chaplain for the
Proteftant chuich of the garrifon in this place. At the peace of Miinßer of
1648, France obtained leave to keep a garrifon here, which privilege in the
year 1679, at the peace of Niemeguen, ceded to the Emperor. At the peace

Spire.] GERMANY,
ii
oi Ryfwick, In 1697, Philipsburg with all its fortifications to the right of
the Rhine was again ceded to the Emperor and Empire; but it was agreed,
that thofe which 'flood on the other fide of that river, together with tlia
bridge, fiiould be demoHflied; but to the bifliop of •S/'/Vr were referved his
rights. In 1734 this fort was taken by the French, after a brave defence
by Wutgenau the commandant, but reftored again in the year 1737. Since
that time the works are much fallen to decay.
2. Rheinhaujen, a borough lying on the Rinne.-
3. Bruchfal, the proper refidence of the bifiiop, and the feat of an upper
bailiwicjf, is a fmall town lying on the river Salza, in[that traft of land called
Prurhein. This place the Emperor Henry III. conferred in the year ioij6
on Conrad hiiha^ oi Spire. Bilhop Ulrich II. built here a citadel, and aUb
parchafed of Count Conrad of Cahe the lordfhip of the place. Concerning
the immediate Imperial foundation here a feparate article occurs below.
This town was confiderably damaged by fire by the French in the years 1676
and 1686. In 1735 the army of the Emperor and Empire had a camp
here between Bruchfal and Langetibnick, and before them a line and inundation
reaching from Ettlingen in the margraviate of Baaden-Baaden over
Bruchfal and Ki/lau to Keffch and the river Rinne, In it is a commandant
belonging to the order of St. "John.
4. Altenburg is the feat of a bailiwick.
5. Upper and Lower Grumbach belong to the bailiwick o^Grumhach.
6. Obßatt or Ubßatt is a village lying on the river Craich.
7. Upper-Oewijheim, a village, having a bailiwick-office belonging to the
chapter.
8. Langejibruck, a village.
9. Kißau, a citadel feated on the river Craich, which the Emperor William
conferred in the year 1 249 on the bifliopric. In it alfo is a bailiwickoffice.
10. Rotenburg, a little town and citadel fituate in the Prurhein, and having
a bailiwick-ofhce.
11. Weibßatt, a little town feated in the Creichgau.
12. Ketfch, a village, lying near the i^Z'/w^".
13. Marientraut, a village feated on the Speyerbach, and containing a
bailiwick.
\\,. E.eideßoeim, a little town flandlng on the Hart, on the banks of
which grows a fine wine. In it is a princely bailiwick.
1 5. Rheinzabern, a village feated on the Erlbach, which not far from
hence falls into the Rhine,
C 2
The

12 G E R M A N T. [Strafsburg.
17)6 Provostship of
TTEISSENBURG,
THE
princely provoftrtiip oi Weljfenhurg lies in the ancient imperial
city of Weißnburg, or Kron-Weißnburg in the Lower Alface, See
vol. ii. p. 597. It was originally an abbey of BenediBine Monks, founded in
the year 624, which in the year 664 was confiderably improved by Dagobert
King of the Franks. Pope Clement VII. ereöed it in 1 546 into a temporal
provoftrtiip, and in 1546 it was incorporated with the bifhopric of
Spire. Its arms are a filver caftle with two towers, over each of which
waves a golden crown, in a red field. The bifhop of 5/)/r^, as princely
provoft of Weißenburg, has a feat and voice in the council of the Princes
of the Empire on the fpiritual bench, and that between Berchtolsgaden and
Priim. At the Diets of the Circle of the Upper Rhine, he enjoys alfo a voice
on account of this provoftfhip. He reprefents it with two horfe and fourteen
foot, or monthly, with eighty florins. It has been already (hewn
what belongs to this provoftlhip.
THE
The B I s H o p R I c 0/^
SrR^SSBURG,
ercöion of the bifliopric of Strafsburg is afcribed to the Franhßi
Kino- Dagobert, and placed in the feventh century. It was founded
in the city of Strajsbwg, where alfo the cathedral church and chapter flill
remain ; but the bifliop, as the city received the Lutheran doftrine, has
fixed his ordinary refidence in the town of Zabern, or Elfas-Zabern. Ever
fince Alface and the ancient imperial city of Strafsburg are fallen under the
power of Frß«c^, \hc h\{ho^ oi Strafsburg, indeed, with his temporalty, fo
far as it is fituate on the other fide of the Rhine, is fubjedl to the territorial
jurifdidlion of France ; but yet with refpeä: to his bailiwicks lying on this
iide of the Rhine, is ftill a Prince and State of the German Empire, and as
fuch has as well jn the council of the Princes of the Empire on the fpiritual
bench, as at the Diets of the Circle of the Upper Rhine, both a feat and voice.
His ancient matricular evaluation is eighteen horfe and one hundred foot,
or monthly fix hundred and fixteen florins. For one chamber-term he is at
prefent

.
Bafel.]
GERMANY.
prefent limited fifty-eight rix-dollars, thirty kruitzers, As bifhop he is
fuhje(ft
to the archbifhop of Mcntz. The eleven bailiwicks of his territory are defcribed
Vol. ii. p. 598.
I fliall once more mention the bailiwicks fituate on this fide of the Rhine,
among the territories of the Empire, and which are flill fubjedl to the jurifdidlion
thereof, and, at the fiime time fomewhat improve and complete
the account given thereof, Vol. ii. p. 598. Thefe lie in Suahia, and, indeed,
1 In the Ortenau, the amts or bailiwicks of Oberkircb and Oppenau, to
which belongs
Oberkirch,
a little town and citadel fituate on the Rhine or Rench.
Oppenau, a little town flanding on the fame river.
Renchen, a borough feated on the fame.
Wald-TJlm, a borough.
Schauenburg, a citadel, which is the ftem or pedigree of the houfe of the
Brijgau counts of Schauenburg.
Aller Heiligen,
a cloifler.
In St. Petersthal is an acid water.
2. In the Brijgau is the bailiwick of Ettenheim, to which belongs
Ettenheim, a little town lying on the rivulet of Ettenbach, together with
The villages of Altorf, Munchweiler, 6cc.
U
7'he
Bishopric of
B A S E L.
§. i.'T^HE bifliopric of Bafel lies between the Sundgau, the princely
•*'
county of Mompelgard, the county of Burgundy, the principality
oi Neußchatel, and the Sxaifs Cantons of Bern^ Solothurn and Bafel, and
conftitutes a confiderable bifhopric.
§. 2. The inhabitants of this bilhopric fpeak partly French, and partly
what is called the Patois. They are likewife partly catholic and partly
Proteftant. The States here confift of the fpiritualty, the nobility, and the
towns and baiUwicks. Their prefident is the 2hhot oi Bellelay for the time
being. When a tax of 30,000 pfennings of Bafel currency is impofed, the
fpiritualty pays thereto 2675, and the nobility 5385 but the reft of it
the towns and amts fupply.
§. 3. Its bifhopric is founded in the city oi Bafel, and, as isfuppofed, was
tranflated thither from ^z/^// ; but the true time of its foundation is uncertain,
and before the middle of the eighth century we have little to be depended
upon relating to it. Its bifhop is a Prince of the Empire, and has a
4 feat

14 GERMAN T,
[Bafel
feat and vote on the fpiritual bench, after the biihop of Bn'nex, as well in
the council of the Princes of the Empire as at the Diets of the Circle of the
Upper Rhine. His niatriciilar evaluation is two horfe and fifteen foot, or
monthy, eighty-four florins. To the chefl: of the Circle of the Upper
Rhitie he pays yearly a ftipuktcd fum of five hundred florins, and to one
chamber-term forty rix-dollars, fifty-four kruitzers. He formed alfo a ftridl
union with the kwcn catholic cantons of Swißerlatjd in the years 1579,
1655, 1671, 1695, 1712, by virtue of which both parties are to aft^brd
adual afliftance to each other in religious and other juft caufes againft all
offenders and aggrcflbrs, whenever either party lliould be opprefled and
perfecuted on a religious account, or when its fubjedls fhould rife up
againft their fovereign ; but at the cofts of the party fuing for help, and in
particular that thefe places were to help the bifliop, and force his apoftate
lubjedts again to the catholic faith and obedience ; but in fuch cafe to undertake
no violent means without the counfel, pvivity, and confent of the
catholic places. The highly worthy chapter here confifts of eighteen capitulars
and Doimcelli.
§. 4. This bishopric has the following hereditary offices, 'viz. hereditary
marflials, which are thofe of Eptingen at Neuweiler ; hereditary cupbearers,
which are thofe of Berenfels at Hegenheim ; hereditary chamberlains,
which are the Reichen of Reichenßein at yuzlingen, alternately with
the Münchens of Miinchenßeiti, and ftiled from Lowenhiirg; hereditary
fewers, which are the barons of Schomiu at Dajsheitn ; and hereditary purveyors,
namely, thofe of Rothbcrg at Bamlach and Rheinweilcr
§. 5. The bifliop of this place is fuffragan to the archbifliop of Befanpji:
His eccleliaftical jurifdiöion extends to Schletßadt in Alface. His high
colleges are, the privy council, the general vicarfliip and officialate, the
and an aulic chamber.
aulic iurifditflion,
§. 6. The principality o^ Bejel confifts at this day of two parts.
I. One of thefe is fubjedl to the jurifdiclion of the German Empire, and
incorporated with the Circle of the Upper Rhine,
to which belong the following
land-eftates according to their rank,
I'iz.
.
1. Bclklay, in Latin Bellelagium, which is an abbey o^ Trcemonßratenfes,
whofe abbot wears a mitre, and is prefident of the provincial States. To it
belongs the provoftftiip of Himmeljpforte in the county of Rheinfelden.
2. The provoftfliip or collegiate foundation of M««/?t'r in Gr^^j/f/dV», or
the Mnnßerthal, feated both above and below the Felfen. This provoftftiip,
together with its fubjedls, is allied to the canton q§ 'Bern, with the right of
burgher. By virtue of the ftipulation entered into in the year 171 1, at
jJrhcrg, between the bifliop of Bafel and the canton of Bern, on account
of the Munjierthal, a feparation of thofe of different religions in the provoflfhip
was agreed upon, fo that at Seefxf (in French Elays) or below the
Felfen catholicks only, and above the Felfen ox\\y Proteftants, were to dwell
and enjoy the excrcife of their religion. 3. The

15
3. The provoftfhip of St. Urfitz, in the town of this name.
4. The bruderfchaft of St. Michael.
Bafel.] GERMANY,
5. The provoftfhip of 7^t?/;z on the Rhi?ie m the Brifgau. This confifls
oniy of one perfon, who bears the title of a provoft. Near it lies a villige.
6. The nobility, to which belong about ten families, which are almoil
all provided for with places in the country and court.
7. The Burgthal, a village, which the barons of Weiffenberg hold in fief
of the bifliopric.
8. Delfperg, in French Delmofif, a town lying on the river JB/;^??.
9. Bruntrui, or Pruntrnt, in French Porentrn, a town feated on the
river Hallen^ in which is the Prince's palace, a college of Jefuits, and a
Capuchine cloifter.
10. St. Urfitz, or St. Urfane, called alfo SonderfitZy a fmall town lying
on the river Douic.
11. Lauffett, a little town feated on the Birfa.
12. The Deljperger Thai, or feigniory of i^^^er^.
13. The land of El/gau, which the bifhopric has been in poffeffion ofever
fince the year 1271.
14. The upper bailiwick o^ Zivingen, in which lies the citadel o^ Zwingen.
its
I 5. The upper bailiwick of Birfeck, in which is
Birfeck,
a citadel ftanding on a mountain.
Arlefloeim, a borough feated on the river Birfa, where the chapter has
refidence, with
The villages of Reinach, Oberweiler, Aljchweiler, &c.
16. The upper bailiwick of PJeß,ngen, which the biflioprie obtained
about the year 1008 of the Emperor Henry 11.
In it are
Pfeffingen, a citadel and village.
Angenßein, a citadel ftanding on the river Birfa. Count Henry of Thierßein
difpofed of this place in the year 1518 to the bifhopric of Bafel, by
which, in 1561, it was given in fief to the phyfician Wcndelin Zipper
.^
whofe defendants are ftill poflefi"ed of it.
Efch,
a village.
17. The upper amt or bailiwick of Schlingen in the Brifgau on the
Rhine, containing
Schlingen, a market-town, together with
The villages of Steinfiatt, which are feated on the PJoine, and alfo Muchen
or Muchheim.
18. The Freyen Berge, to which belongs Freyberg or Franquemont, a
citadel ftanding on the river Doiix.
II. The fecond part has gradually withdrawn itfelf from the jurifdidion
of the German Empire, and united itfelf to the Swifs confederacy, it contributes
alfo nothing to the imports of the bi(l:iopric of Bafel, but yet owns the
bifliop of that place for its fuperior. To it belong the towns of
Bid

1
6
GERMANY.
Biel and Ncueiißadt,vj')Xh. their territories ;
[Fulda.
as alfo the felgniory of Er^^a^/,
lUfingen and the Thefenberg ; concerning which a fuller account will be
given in Sivitzerland.
FULDA,
'The Bishopric of
§• the principality of Fulda, Wolfgan Regrwill has delineated a
OFchart, which was engraven by Blaeti. After him John Bapt. Homann
publifhed another on two flieets, which in the Atlas oi Germany is the
I02d. In John Frederic Schannat's Corpus 'Traditionum Fuldenfmm we find
a chart of ancient Buchau, in Latin Buchonla, which jfoh. George Pufchner
of Nuremberg engraved ; and this very Schannat has fubjoined a chart to his
work, which bears the infcription of Diocefis Fuldeiifis.
§. 2. The principality is environed by Hejfe, the counties of Ifenburg and
Hanau, the bifliopric of Wurzburg, the princely county of Henneburg, and
fome diftrids of knights of the Empire, being in its greateft length above
thirteen, and in its greateft breadth upwards of ten German miles.
§.3. It is a mountainous and woody country, but has alfo rich arable
lands and fait fprings. The principal rivers which water it are the Fulda,
which arifes in it, and the Saal, which iflues out of the territory of Wurzburg,
and to the fouth runs through a fmall tra(fl of the bifhopric of Fulda.
Its inhabitants are for the greateft part Roman catholics, but among them are
alfo fome Lutherans. In general we reckon here fixty parifli and ninetyfour
filial churches, among which nine of the parifh and a few of the filial
churches are Lutheran, but the reft catholic.
§. 4. This principality forms a confiderable part of the ancient Buchau,
in Latin Buchonia, Boconia, Bocauna, Buochumia and Puohunna, which
arofe out of a great and rough wood, and was divided into fix gauns, or
fogi; namely, into Eaft and Weft Grapfeld, Tullifeld, Salagewe, Sinnageive,
ylfcfeld, Vucringeiae and Baringe. To this rough wood the Abbot
Sturm betook himfelf in the year 742, at the fuggeftion of St. Bonijace,
in order to feek out a place for a cloyfter. He fixed upon one on the
river Fulda, in Latin Fuldaha, over which the merchants of Thüringen
ufed to go to Mentz, and Boniface, in the year 744, obtained permiftion
of the Frankißj King, Karlwann, to eredl a cloyfter there, which was founded
with BenediSline Monks, and had the faid Sturm for its firft abbot. Pope
Zaihary I. in the year 751, conferred on it the privilege of being fubjed:
to the chair of Rome alone, and to no other bifliop. This privilege was
con-

Fulda.] GERMANY, ij
confirmed by King Pepin, about the year j^^, and, in the year 769, by
Pope Stephen IV. Pope John XIII. in the year 968, conferred on the
abbots of FuUa the primacy over all abbots in Gaid and Germany, which
Pope Siheßei-\\. ratified in the year 999, adding thereto the liberty of appointing
councils, and how the bidiops were to appeal to the chair of Rome.
The Emperor Otto I. granted unto the abbots the dignity of being archchancellors
to the Roman Emprefs ; and Charles IV. confirmed it in fuch
a manner that, by virtue thereof, at the coronation of the Emprefs, and
at all other times whenever Ihe was to appear in the Imperial ornaments,
they were to feton and take off the crown. At length, Pope Be7iedi£i XIV.
in the year 1752, raifed the abbey to an exempted bifliopric, though with
the refervation of the ßatus regularis. But of this the archbifhop of Mentz.
complained greatly, affirming himfelf to be the to ancient metropglitan of
the church of Fulda.
§. 5. The title of the bifliop of Fulda runs thus, by virtue of the
above : Bifliop and Abbot of Fulda, Prince of the holy Roman Empire,
Arch-chancellor of the reigning Roman Emprefs, Primate of all Germany
and Gaid. The arms of Fulda are a black crofs in a field Argent. The
high-chapter here confifts of fifteen perfons.
§.6. The billiop and abbot of Fulda is a Prince of the Empire, and in
the council of the Princes of the Empire has a feat and voice on the
fpiritual bench after the bifliop of Chur. He is alfo a member of the Circle
of the Upper Rhine. His matricular evaluation is two hundred and fifty
florins monthly, and to one chamber-term he pays two hundred and fortythree
rixdollars, four kruitzers and three quarters.
§. 7. The princely high college here confifls of the regency and the
feudal court, the fpiritual vicarfliip and the aulic chamber.
§. 8. The Principality of Fulda confifl:a of the following bailiwicks : viz.
I. The bailiwick of Fulda.
Fulda, the capital and refidentiary town of the Principality, on the river
Fulda, owes its original to the abbey, near which at firfl: a village was
ereifted and afterwards enlarged, and, about the year 1162, furrounded
with walls and eredled into a town. In it alfo was a royal palace. The
Prince's palace here is a well laid ftrudture. The principal church in it is
dedicated to Chriß our Saviour. The collegiate-church here, dedicated to
St. Boniface, was before called the parifli-church of St. Blaifi ; but, in the
year 1650, the chapter of St. Boniface, which, till that time, had continued
at Great Borßa on the Werra, was tranflated to Fulda. In it alfo is
a college of Jefuits, with a gymnafium and papal feminary, and a nunnery
oi BenediSlines. In the year 1734, the Prince and Abbot Adolph, of T>alberg,
founded an univerfity here, which, on Augufl 19, was folemnly
confecrated.
Without the town, but hard by it, on the bißxßi mountain, flood the
Vol. V, D BenediSline

j8 GERMANY, [Fulda.
BenedlElhie provoftfliip of St. Mary, which, in the year 1525, was demoliflied
by the unruly peafants, and is now incorporated with the abbey,
or biOioprick. 'JoJm Bernhard, abbot of this place, reftored the buildings
again; and, in the year 1626, placed Francijcans there. The provoftfliips
of St. Michaelsberg, St. Johannesberg, St. Petersberg and St. Andrewsberg,
are all
BenediSfittc foundations.
Zu Hora and Ntefig are filial-churches belonging to the collegiate and
pariih-church of Fulda.
Adolphfeck, a phealantry, lying one fmall hour from the town of Fulda.
Heimbacb, a village, containing a parifh-church, to which belong the
filial-churches of Gifcl, or Doppe?igiJel, and Mabrezell.
Hofefeld, a village, to whole parifli-church belong the filial churches of
Sletzcfihaufen, Jojfa, Slingen and Weidenau,
Kemerzell, a village, having a pariOi-church, to which belong the filial
ch urches of Ludertnunde and Klajerzel.
St. Margarethen Haun, a village, lying on the river Haun, to whofe
paridi-church belong the filial-churches of Wijfeh, Steinau, Steinhaufs,
"Trcisbach and Dipperts.
Neukirchen, a village, feated on the river Haun, to whofe Lutheran pariflichurch
belong the fihal-churches of Odenfajfen, Mufebach and Meyjebach.
2. The hundred, or criminal, court of Fulda, to which appertains
St. Fhrinberg, in Latin Mens San&ce Flora, a very ancient church-village,
formerly a celebrated place. To this parifh-church belong the filialchurches
of Welkers, Eichenzell, Lefcherode and Brumzell, the lafl: of which
is a very old town lying on the river Fulda.
The villages of Bilgerzell, Zirkelbach, Kohlhaujen, Ditterhany Friefen-
&c.
häufen,
3. The bailiwick of Salzzchlirf, in which is
Salzfchlirf, a church-village, having a falt-work.
4. The amt, or bailiwick, of Great-Luder, in which Is a falt-work.
To it
belongs
Great Luder, a village, whofe parifli-church Includes the filial-church of
Ltttle-Luder. On the Langenbcrg is a chapel, to which pilgrimages are made.
Bienbach, or Bimbach, a village, to whofe pariili-church belong the filialchurches
of Lower-Blenbach, Lutterts and Malkes.
5. The bailiwick of Burghaun, in which is
Burghaun, or Burgkhaun, a little town and citadel lying on the river
Haun, in which is a Lutheran parifli-church, to which belong the filial,
Roternkirchen, and a catholic-church which was founded in the year 1714.
This little town belonged formerly to the barons Schenk of Bcyneburg and
Ihen; from whom, in the year 1692, it came by exchange to the foundation
of Ftdda.
Langenjchxüarz, a village, containing a Lutheran parifli-church, to
which belongs the filial-church of Slotzau. 6. The

Fulda.]
GERMANY,
6. The bailiwick of Fursteneck, in which is
Furßeneck,
a citadel.
Eyterfeld, an ancient church-village, which Abbot üz/^'^ T. obtained, in
the year 846, of the Emperor Lewis. To the parilli-church here belong
the filial churches of Leibolz, JVoelf, Afzelly Leijnbach, Steinbach, Upper
and Under UJhufen,
filial
Great-Dafft, a village, containing a parifh-church, to which belong the
churches of Soifdorf znd TreiJJeld.
7. The bailiwick of Geyss, in which is
Geyfs, a little town, feated on the river UIßer. This place was a town
as early as the beginning of the fourteenth century. Near it, on a high
mountain, formerly flood the citadel of Rockenßul.
19
Geifmar, a village, having a parifla-church, to which belongs the filial
church of Ketten.
Spala,
a church village.
Rafdorf, anciently Rateßhorp, a village containing a collegiate-church, to
which belong the filial churches of Griiffclbacb and Kirch-hafel. On a
neighbouring mountain ftands the chapel of Gehiilfesberg.
Borfch,
a church-village.
Bicttlar, a church-village, where the family of Buttlar hold a citadel in
fief of the foundation of fz^A/fZ. On a mountain hard by it lies St. MichaeFs
Chapel. To the parilli-church of Buttlar belongs the filial-church
of Wenigeji-Daft.
Brehmen, a village, to whofe parifli-church belongs the filial-church of
Bernbach.
Schleyta, a village, containing a parifii-church, to which belong the filialchurches
o^ Motzlar,
Zitters and (Zraluck.
8. The bailiwick of Fischberg was mortgaged to one half, by the
foundation in the year 1455, to the counts of Hetvieberg ; and, in 1460,
the other half was mortgaged to Fritz of T^hann ; but, by this laft, in the
year 1468, to Count William of Henneberg. To his fons, George Erneji
and Boppo^ the mortgage was renewed, in the year 1551, by the fjundation
of Fulda, for their lives. After their deceafe, which happened in
1574 and 1583, the foundation of i^z/A/ß indeed annulled the mortage; but,
in i594> renewed it to the houfe of Saxony for thirty-one years ; but, after
the expiration of this term, the foundation could not attain the releafe of
the bailiwick, this not coming to pafs till the years 1705 and 1707 ; when
alfo the undifturbed enjoyment of all their religious privileges were fecured
by the foundation of Fulda to the Protefi:ant churches and inhabitants : but,
as in the year 1741, the princely line of Eifenach became extinft, and all
their lands, together with their immunities, fell to Ernefi Augiijlus, duke
of Saxe-Weymar, this laft looked upon himfelf as privileged to take poffeliion
of all the hereditary fubjedts, rents, incomes, eftates, taxes, high and low
D z
immunities

20 GERMANY. [Fulda.
immunities, venery, ZSc. which, in the year 1707, were difpofed of with.
out his confent, by Jdon William, duke of Saxe-Eifenach, to the foundation
of Fulda, and allb in 174 1. To this bailiwick belongs
Fifchberg, a citadel.
Dermbach, or Therjnbacb, a citadel and borough, which is the principal
place of the bailiwick. To the Lutheran parifh-church here belong the
filial-churches of Upper and Lower Alba. In it alio is a catholic-church
and
a cloifter of Francijcain.
Fijchhach-, a village, to whofe Lutheran parifh-church the churches of
Clings, Diedcrf, or DittdorJ, and Emphertjl;aufen belong.
Neidphartß:aujen, a village, having a Lutheran parochial-church, to
which belongs the chapel of eafe at Brumertjhaujen, or Brunarfjhaufen.
Orenhaujen, or Vrnßoaujen, a village without any Lutheran parochial-church-
Wifenthal, a village, containing a Lutheran parochial church.
Andenhaujen, a village, reckoned by Saxe-Weymar wholly within the-
Hemieberg bailiwick of Kalten-Nordheim, and of which it took poffeflion in
the year 1741.
Zell, an abbey dedicated to St. Maria, but formerly a nunnery of
Be?icdi£li}ies.
9. The bailiwick of Mackenzell, containing the following places^ viz.
Mackenzell, at firft only a cell, but, about the beginning of the ninth
century, erected into a convent, and afterwards converted into a fortrefs,
though demolilhed again in the year 1280, is at prefent a pleafant village,
containing a feat and a chapel of eafe fubjedl to the parochial-church of
Hunefeld.
Hunefeld has been a town ever fince the year 1295, contains both a
collegiate and parochial- church, to the latter of which belong alfo the
chapels of Michel-Rumbach, Hmihaun, Rosbach, Grojfenbach, Moltzbach,
Weijfenborn,
Nuße and Ruckers.
Hof-Afchenbach, a village, having a parochial-church, to which are an«
nexed the chapels of Silges, Riemals and Morles.
Hafelßein, a church-village, with a feat near it.
Marbach, a village, feated near a brook of the fame name, with a
parochial-church in it, on which the chapel of Dammerfpach is dependent:.
10. The bailiwick of Biberstein, in which is
Bibetjlein, a caftle belonging to the Prince of that name, feated on an
eminence, and rebuilt in the year 17 13, by Abbot Adalbert, and afterwards
greatly improved by Abbot Conßantine.
HoJ-Bibra, a church-village, to which are annexed the chapels of
Langen, Niedcr-Bibra, Melters and Malmus.
Schivartzbach, a village, containing a parochial-church, and the chapels
of Liebhartz, Vppernufl and Gottharts.
Milzeherg, a feat, ereded on a fteep mountain 3 not far from which
formerly

Fulda.] GERMANY. 21
formerly flood the caftle of Eberftein, which, by an agreement made in the
year 1282, betwixt the abbot of Fulda and the bifhop oi Wurtz-burg^ was
demolifhed.
Batten, Deiden ^ or Deutien, Sclfferts, Findlos, or Vindlos, and Branf,
all villages, ceded in the year 1722, by the bifliopric of Wurtzburg, to
the abbey of Fulda. That of Brant was intended, in the year 1282, to be
erefted into a town by the Abbot Berthom and Berthold, bifliop of Wurtzburg
; but this fcheme never took effedt.
11. The amt, or bailiwick, ofWEYERs, containing
Weyers, a village, of which the lords of Weyers are partly proprietors;
Latter, ftanding on the rivulet of Hart, a parochial-village, having the
chapel of Ried annexed to
it.
Poppe?ihaiifen, a church-village, part ofwhich belongs to the lords oflVeyers.
12. The amt, or bailiwick of Neuhof, in which is
Nouhof, a. borough, containing a feat, on the river Fulda. To its church
are annexed the religious foundations of Mittel and Nieder-Kalbach, as alfo
that of Haufwurtz.
Fliden, a village containing a parlfh-church, to which is annexed the
church of Ruckers.
Hattenhof, another parochial-village, to which church belong the foundaries
of Roten7nan, Kerzell, Dolbach and Buchenbcrg.
13. The bailiwick of Motten, in which is
Motten, a village, containing a parochial-church, to which belongs that of
Rothen.
Ehrenberg, a hill, noted for a chapel there dedicated to the Virgin Mary.
14. The amt, or bailiwick, of Bruckenau, to which belongs
Bruckenau, a town furrounded with walls ever fince the year 1260.
Near it is
Volkenberg,
a hill having a Francifcan convent on It.
Schonfra, a village with a parifli-church, to which is annexed that of
Riedeberg.
Geroda, a village, containing a Lutheran church.
Upper Leutersbach, a parochial-village, to which the chapel of Nieder-
Jjutenbach is a dependency.
Breidenbach and Miegejifeld, two ancient villages.
15. The bailiwick of Hamelburg, in which is
Hamelburg, a town, feated in a fruitful country on the river Sala, and
eredled into a tov/n about the year 1242, has a convent of Francijcans in
it, and to it belongs the church oi Pfaffenhaufen.
Nieder-Erthal, a church-village, to which is annexed the chapel of
Teurthal.
Nieder-Tulba, a village, containing a canonry, and having annexed to its
parilh-church the chapel of Upper Erthak
JJundsfcld^

;
22 GERMANY. [Fulda.
Rundsfeldy a village, containing a parochial-church with the foundation
of XJppcr-Aefchcnbacb annexed to it,
1 6. The baiHvvick of Saleck, containing
Saleck, a feat, {landing on a hill contiguous to the river Sala and clofe
by Hamelburg. In it is a chapel.
Dippach, or Tippach, a parochial-village with the churches of Under
Acfchenhach, Wartmanfrode and Sdnvertzelbacb annexed to it,
ij. Theamt, or bailiwick, of Salmunster, lies on the river A7«j. In it is
Salmunßer, a fmall town, feated on the river Kins, and founded about
the year 1320. In this town is a convent o£ Frafiajcans.
18. The bailiwick of Urzel, in which lies
Urzel,
a village.
Ulmbdch, alfo a village, containing a parifih-church with that of Klesberg
annexed to it.
Herolz, a church-village, feated on the river Ki?is.
19. The priory of Blanken A.U is fituate on the Lutter. In this place
formerly flood a fortrefs belonging to a gang of robbers called Blackemvald
but, in the year 1265, Abbot Berthous deftroyed it, and the following
year founded a nunnery at the foot of Blankcnbtrg hill, on the fpot where
the fortrefs flood ; but ever iince the fixteenth century this nunnery has
been deflitute of reclufes. To its pariili-church belongs that oi KehenzelJ.
20. The bailiwick of Herbstein, in which is
Herbftein, or Herberßein, a fmall town, well known in the year 1325.
Obf In the year 1366, Henry abbot of Fulda, difpofed (referving, however,
a power of redemption) to the three brothers Frederic, Balthafar,
and William, Langraves of Tkuringen, the bailiwicks of Salzungen and
Lichtejiburg, with all their appurtenances. Not long after they too difpofed
of the whole bailiwick of Lichtenberg and one half of Salzungen to
the archbilhopric of Mentz, from whom it devolved to the archbifliop of
Wiirtzburg, and afterwards to the houfe of Flemieberg; and laftly, the
bailiwick of LzV/'/^«!^«-^ came into the poffeflion of the counts oi Mansfeld.
In the year 1557, the houfes of the Princes oi Saxony redeemed the bailiwick
o{ Lichtenberg from the counts of Mansjeld, and in 1675, that half
alfo of Salzungen (the other half having never been alienated) which belonged
to the counts of Stollberg, to whom it had defcended by means of
the widow of Albert count of Henneberg, by birth countefs of Stollberg :
the prefent proprietors of this bailiwick are the dukes of Saxe-Meimmgen
and Eifenach. In the year 1625, the abbey of Fulda fhowed an inclination
for redeeming thefe bailiwicks, and in 1723 more flrongly infifled on it,
which occafioned great diflurbances, till the year 1737 both parties agreed
to refer it to an arbitration, which arbitration, however, has not taken
place. The abbey of Fulda will fubmit the divifion only to the aulic
council, and the Saxon Princes infill on referring it to the Judices Anjlregce,
or a court of arbitrays, nominated by the Sovereigns. i'hc

St. John.]
GERMANY.
:
The Mastership of St. J O H N^ or the
Principality o/" Heitersheim.
§. I. ' I
'
H E places in Brtfgau belonging to the order of St. yolm are to
be found in the map of Brifgau mentioned before.
§.2. The chief prior or grand-mafter ofthat order in Germany, who is
alfo ufufrudlnary pofiefTor of thefe places, has been reckoned ever fmce the time
of Charles V. who raifed George Schilling grand-prior to that dignity, a Prince
of the empire, and he fits in the college of Princes on the ecclefiaftical
bench, in the middle betwixt the priors of Ellivangen and Berchtohgaden
he has alfo a feat and vote in the Diets of the Circle of the Upper Rhine. la
the matriciila too of the Empire he is affefTed ten horfe and eighty foot, or
two hundred forty florins per month, and to the chamber at JVezlar fortynine
rthler.
forty-five and a half kruitzers.
§. 3. The grand-prior pretends that the firft five places under-mentioned
were acquired by the order of St. John, and that the property and fovereignty
of them have been inverted in it for fome centuries. Relatively to
thofe places he is fubjedl only to the Emperor and Empire; but the houfe
oi Aujlria accounts him a vafiäl. The grand-mafter having in the fixteenth
century removed his refidence to Heiterßeim, was fummoned to the Diet
of Brtfgau, whither he came on certain conditions, upon which he was
afterwards decounted a denizen, and the correfpondent duties were required
of him, in which in the year 1630, he formally acquiefced. Afterwards,
indeed, he preferred feveral complaints both to the Emperor and
Pope, but without effecfl. In the year 1665, it was, indeed, agreed that
the grand-mafter ftiould hold the faid five places together with the fovereignty
of them, but acknowledge the houfe of Auflria as the patron and
Dominus direSfus; and with refpedl to the other villages as lords paramount
that relatively to the two firft places he ftiould be a prelate of Upper Außria,
and by virtue of the third a noblemen. This agreement, however, was
never wholly fulfilled, and the houfe oi Auftria has fince cancelled it.
§. 4. The places above-mentioned are,
1 . Heitcrß:eim, a market-town, purchafed by the order from tlie Margrave
oi Hochberg in the year i^Cfj. The Emperor Leopold granted it the
privilege of two annual fairs, and ever fince the fixteenth century it has
been the place of the relidence of the grand-prior.
Ginglingen,
a village, transferred to the order by the Margrave oi Hochberg
in the year 1297.
Brembgarten, a village, which in the year 13 13 devolved to the order
from the lords of Staujfcn as a fief of the Empire,
4 Grieß.^eim,

24- GERMANY,
[Prüm.
Grleßmm, or Griefen, a village feated on the 'Rloine, which defcended
likewife to the order from the lords o^ Stauffen.
Schlaf, a village, which was transferred to the order by Ego, count of
Freyki/'g.
The villages ofUßatifin JVendlmgen and Efpach or Efchbacb.
To the grand-prior belong alfo certain tythes and other revenues in the
vale of Kirchzarten, with a commandery at Freyburg.
PRÜM.
I'he Princely Abbey of
§^ I. np H E BenediBijte abbey of Prüm lies in the forefl: of Ardenne, be-
•^ twixt the bailiwicks of Schoneck and Schonberg, in the eledtorate
of triers, and the duchy of Luxembourg. It was founded in the eighth
centuiy by Pepin, King of the Franh, and his fpoufe. In the year 883
the 'Normam deftroyed it, and about ten years after it was again furprifed
by thofe fierce favages, who put many of the religious to the fword. In
the year 1017, a canonry was fettled in this place. In the year 1343, for
its greater fecurity, it put itfelf under the archbifhopric of TnVr^ ; and in
1579, by a papal bull, was for ever annexed to the board-lands of the
archbifliopric, and incorporated with it, which annexment and incorporation
was confirmed in i z^yK, by the Emperor Maximilian II. and thus it
was that the Eledlor of 'Triers became adminiftrator of this abbey, and the
arms he bears as fuch are mentioned in the archbifhopric of Triers.
§. 2. The archbifl^iop oi Triers, as adminiftrator of this abbey, fits and
votes on the ecclefiafi:ical bench in the college of Princes,
before the abbots
of Stablo andCorvey, but the precedence betwixt thefe abbies is contefted,
and according to fome, they take place alternately. The Eledlor alfo, with
refpedl to Priim, is taxed in the matricula of the Empire at one horfeman
and thirteen foot. In the laft publication of the ufual matricula, Priim pays
to the chamber at Wezlar thirty-eight rthlr. fixty-two and a half kruitzersj
but others fay, that by a particular adl of the Empire, dated 1727, the
quota of this abbey is only eleven rthlr. five kruitzers ; Prutn likewife entitles
the Eledtor of Triers to a feat and vote in the Diet of the Circle of the
Upper Rhine, where he fits the lafi: on the bench of Princes.
§. 3. The prior and convent of this abbey have, indeed, a court of juftic©
for civil caufes, either perfonal or within the lower jurifdidion, but with a
right of appeal to the court of Triers, whereas the tribunal eredted at Prüm,
by the Eledor of Triers, decides finally in all criminal cafes, and others pertaining
to the high jurifdidion.
§. 4. The

Prüm.] G E R M A N r, 25
§. 4. The lands and cafualties of this abbey fince the year 1361, have
been divided among the abbot and convent j and this partition holds good
in moft points to this very day; but the abbey no longer enjoys all the lands
and cafualties which at that time belonged to it. The lordHiip of S. Goar
on the Rhine, which had been annexed in particular to the abbots lands,
was about the year 1557 fold to the Landgrave oi Hejfen-Rheinfeh ; and of
the fovereignty, and confequently of the taxes of the lordrtiips of Avance^
Lo?icin, Fu7nay, Teppin and Ravin, the abbey has been deprived by the
bifliop of Liege and the King of France contrary to the treaties of Ryjwyck
and Baden. At the time of the above partition the annual produce of the
eftates allotted to the convent was computed at 4000 gold guldens. The
Eledlor of 'Triers in a memoir of his prefented to the Diet in the year 1722
for an abatement of this imperial circular and chamber aiTeffments, alledges
that the whole abbey of Priim, together with rhe remaining lands, did not
bring in above 1 500 rthler.
This abbey lies on the little river of the fame name, having a borough
near it, and not far from it ftands Nicdar-Prum, which is a nunnery of
BetiediSlifies.
By virtue of the above partition
1. The abbot's part confifts of
Certain tithes in the church villages of Budeßjeim, Nicder-Pruvt, Ob'zheim,
RommerPm7n, Seff'ern, Wejfeldorf, and the villages of Sarefdorf and
Waxiveiler : As alfo of
Certain revenues zt Mering, Schleich, Hetzelrode and JVillingen, allv/hich
places lie on the Mofel, together with
The lordfliip of Jußin, or S. Jiißine, fituate not far from Juliers, but
mortgaged,
St. Peters, a cell feated at Keßing.
The lordüiip of 5. Goar, lying on the Rhim; but about the year 1557
this was fold to the Landgrave of Heße-Rheinfels.
Altrip, in Latin Alta ripa, alfo flanding on the Rbifie, being one fhort
mile from Manheom, and a placeof great antiquity: of
Certain rights and incomes in the town 0^ Rheinbach, in the archbifliopric
of Cullen ; but thefe alfo are mortgaged.
A prebendary in the chapter of Mimßer-Eyßel in the dutchy of y^^Z/Vrj.
2. The convent's fliare confifts of
Certain dues and cafualties in the borough of Prüm.
The mills at Obzheim and Rommerß.rini, together with certain dues and
cafualities at Breresborn, Herlingsdorf, Schivirzheim, WaxiveiJer, JVeßeldorf,
Arweiler, Bacheim, Keßelingen, Arnheini in Gelderland, but fold, Morx,
Remig, and Humlar.
Murlebach, a church village fituate on the MofcL
Huequigny, a lordfhip lying near the town o(Guife in Picardy.
Vol. V. E A'ü:am

26 GERMANY. [Odenheim.
Aivam and Lonehin, or Loiizi?t, a lordfliip fituate not far from the city
oi Liege, and of which that bifliop has alfumed the fovereignty.
Funiay, in Latin Fumacuni, a fmali town and lordfhip {landing on the
Maelt\ of which together with
The lordfliips oi Feppin or Fimpiny, as alfo of Renin, which are likewife
feated on the river Maefe, France has ufurped the fovereignty in diredl violation
of the moft folemn treaties.
The vineyard oi Ferkelt near Mering on the Mojel; but the produce of
thefe is at prefent paid to the Elector of Friers, as adminiftrator.
T'he Priory
OD
of
E N H E I My
Or the Religious Foimdation of Nohles at Bruchsal.
§. I. TN the year 1 122 Bruno and Poppo, brothers and counts oi Laußen^,
* and the former alfo archbifliop of Friers, founded a convent of BenediSlines
at Odenheim or Wigoldsberg, referving, however, to themfelves and
the heads of their family the right of patronage and protedion, and this
foundation with its feveral claul'es received the fandlion of the Pope and
Emperor. On the extinction of the counts of Laufften, abbot Berniger,
with the privity and by the advice of his convent, in the year 12 19, made
a tender of the right of patronage and protecftion to the Emperor Frederic II.
and his fucceflbrs, which the Emperor Leivis conferred on Gerhard bifhop of
Spire, and Charles IV. in the year 1369, mortgaged it to the biHiops of
that place for 1000 florins. Under Maximilian I. namely, in the year 1494,
this convent was, by permiflion granted from the Pope, converted into a
fecular college of immediate nobles of the Empire, and a prior appointed
in lieu of the abbot. In 1 507, Philip, bifliop of Spire, permitted the college
to be removed from Odenheim to Bruchfal, at the fame time granting
to the prior, dean and chapter thereof, the church of our Lady in that town.
This convent therefore, though removed to Bruchfal, a town in the diocefe
of Spire, is yet ftill commonly called Odenheim from the primary place of
its
foundation.
§. 2. The prior of Odenheim, who is generally the bilhop of Spire, fits
and votes in that quality at the Diet among the prelates of the Empire on
the i?fo«^-bench next to the abbot of Keyterßmm, and likewife in the Diets^
of the Circle of the Upper Rhine. His matricular affeffment is feven foot
foldiers, or inftead thereof forty florins per month, and to the chamber of
Wetzlar he pays eighty-one rthlr. fourteea kruitzers and a half.
5 §• 3- By

Simmern.] GERMANY. 27
§. 3. By virtue of an ancient cuftom, the chapter levies the contributioHs
on the fubjedls, and the prior receives a yearly penfion. The chapter has
indeed found means to get the whole management of the priory into their
own hands, excluding the prior from any part of it; and in the year 1729,
he made a complaint, that alter having advanced out of the treafury at
Spire,
the imperial circular and Wetzlar afTeffments for the priory oiOdenheim,
he had not been able even to recover his own money, and therefore, as
bilhop of Spire, renounced the payment of the feveral taxations with which,
the faid priory was charged.
§. 4. The immediate imperial eftates of the priory, which of courfe form
a diftindl territory from the diocefe of Spire, confift of
1. The places with which the firfl: founders of the convent endowed it,
and from which the Prince and bifhop of 6)>/r^, as patron, annually receives
a quantity of corn and wine ; and the former, befides his pay, every year
one florin, ten batzes : thefe are,
Odenbeim, a village feated in Craichgan, or properly in Friirhein, where
the priory was originally founded, and ftill has a bailift.
Treffenbach and Eichelberg, two villages fomewhat eafl of the former.
2. Of the places afterwards purchafed, together with the rights and
fovereignty of them by the priory, and of which the patronage and dues
have not been transferred to the bilhop of Spire, viz.
Rohrbach, a caftle and village on the river Elfatz, purchafed In the year
1385 of the Seckingen family.
hanf:anfen, a village not far from Eppingen, purchafed in the years 1426
and 1427 of the Menzingen family.
I'he D u T c H Y

zS GERMANY. [Simmern.
the Huufruck^ together with the caftle of Wilfferg, the village of Laubenheim,
the caftle of Stratiiberg, &c. as alfo the towns of Anioeiler, Liveytruckcn^
Hornbach, Bergxabern, and in a word the prefent principality of
Simmcrn, and county of Zrceybruckoi or Deuxpo?2ts. This duke Stephen
marrying Anne only daughter of Frederick, the laft: count of Vehiejtz and
Spo)iheit)i, obtained with her the county of Veldenx and half that of Sponheim
-alfo. In 1444, it was agreed betwixt Frederic his father-in-law and Duke
Stephen, that his eldeft fon Frederic fhould fucceed to his grandfather's part
of both the counties of Spojiheim, and alfo to his father's eftates in the
Hunfruck, namely, to Simmern ; and that Leivis the other fon fhould poffefs
Veldenz and Ziveybrucken. Frederic III. great-grandfon to Frederic
duke of Simmern, arriving to be Eledor-palatine, granted the dutchy of
Simmern to his brother George, and on his death to his brother Richard,
and he dying it again efcheated to the Eledtor Frederic IV. who bequeathed
the principality of Simmern to his youngeft: fon Lewis Philip; but on the
death of his fon Lewis Henry it again devolved to the Eleiern, which has been continued hov^'ever under the Eledor-palatines.
§. 2. The Eleftor-palatine, in right of Sitnmern, fits and votes in the
college of Princes, and is joint convocatory Prince of the Circle of the Upper
Rhine, of which mention has been made at large in the introdu

Lautern.] GERMANY, 29
mortgage from the archblfhopric of Mentz by Lewis the Swarthy, duke of
Deuxponts; but in the year 1471, Frederic I. Elector-palatine, made himfelf
mafter of it, and kept pofTefllon thereof. The Elector Frederic IV".
united it to the dutchy of Sitwnern, which he conferred on his own fon
Lewis Philip. In the year 1663, the Elector of Mcntz offering to redeem
this bailiwick, Lewis Henry, the lafl: duke of Simmern, confented to Hold it
of him as a fief, and allowed him the acceptance of homage ; but this duke
dying in 1673, the Eledlor-palatine feized on the bailiwick of iJö

30 GERMANY. [Veldenz.
palatine poffefTed the abbey o^ Lautem, with the reverfion thereof, the convent
and priory of Rnkenbach, the public cellar at Callfladt, as alio a feat and vote
at the Imperial and circular Diets held by the Prince of Lautem-, and the
above-mentioned Lewis Philip, his confort, and their fon Lewis Hefiry, dying,
the whole country reverted to the Electoral houfe.
Its particular affeflment,
either to the Empire or chamber at Watzlar, is not fpecified. In the Diets
Lautem votes before Simmern. This dutchy confifts of the upper amt of
Lautem, which has been already defcribed in the Circle of the Rhine,
as a
part of the Palatinate.
VELDENX and LAUTERECK.
§.i. TT has been already obferved, in the article of Simmem, that Stepben,
-'
duke of Ä';?7W7^r;/, by his marriage with ^;z;7?, heirefsof iv"f//ifr;V,^, the
laft count of VeUenz, acquired the poflefTion ofthat county; and, with
the approbation of his father-in-law, fettled on his fon Lewis, furnamed
the Swarthy, and his heirs, the counties of Veldenz and Deuxponts, together
with fome other places, inverting him alfo with the arms and title of Count of
Veldenz. Now, though thefe countries, thus inco'-porated,are from the refidentiary
ftyled the dutchy of Deuxponts, and under this title all the regalia have
been conferred on the proprietors ;
yet its fovereigns, as the Eledor-palatine
and Duke of Bavaria, ufed to ftyle themfelves only Counts of Veldenz.
Thefe territories were jointly poffefTed, under the title of the dutchy of
Deuxpons, by Lewis the Swarthy, as alfo by his fon Alexander, Lewis II.
fon to the latter, and by Rupert II. as guardian to Wolfgang, his brother's
fon, till the year 1543, when the faid Duke Rupert, by the mediation
of Philip, Landgrave of Heffe-Cajfel, obtained leave for his former ward,
Duke JVolfgang, agreeably to a contracfl figned at Marburg, to transfer
unto him, and the male heirs of his body, the caftle and vale of Veldenz,
with its five villages and the tythes of Brambacher, as alfo the caftle and
borough of Lautereck, together with its four villages, the jurifdidtion of
Gettenbacher, with its appertenances, the convent of Ronigjberg, with its
revenues, as alfo certain revenues arifing from the bailiwick of AzV^/fw/^^r^,
and other emoluments: but to this contract a claufe was alfo annexed, that
Duke Woljgang, and his fucceffors, fhould, as reigning lords, receive the inveftiture
of the whole country from the Emperor and Empire j and, that
all its vaffals, though dwelling in the parts affigned to Duke Rupert, fliould
be inveft:ed by Duke Wolfgang and his fucceffors, as adtual fovereigns ; and,
likewife, that the lands thus a%nated ftiould pay their refpedive contingencies
at the Imperial or circular aids into the fovereign's treafury at
Deux-ponts, Duke Rupert fettled thefe new acquifitions on his own fon
George

Deux-ponts.]
GERMANY.
George John, who, in confequence of a treaty of partition, entered into in
the year 1556, with the above-mentioned Duke Wolfgang, fucceeded in
the dominions of the Eledlor-palatine to the lordHiip oi Lutzelßcin and the
Eledor's portion of the territory o( Gutenberg, Abfenz, and the wine tenths
at Weiffenburg and Kleeburg. But, the year 1 566, brought a confiderable
addition to the grandeur of Duke George John, the Emperor creating
him a Prince of the Empire with right of a feat and vote in the Diet. All
thefe privileges defcended to his grandfon Duke Leopold Leivis, who dying
in the year 1694, without male illue, was the laft of the line of his greatgrand-father
Rupert. His territories were claimed by the Eleftor-palatine,
Palfgraves of Deux-ponts, Sulzbach and Birkenfeld. At length, in the year
1733, an agreement was entered into between the feveral claimants, by
which it was ftipulated, that the Eleftor-palatine fhould hold Veldenz and
Lautereck ; and the Palfgraves of Birkenfeld and Sukzbach poffefs the county
of Lutzelßein betwixt them; and, with refpedl to the feat and vote in the
Imperial and circular Diets, as lord of Felde?iz, Charles Philip, the Eledor,
was to hold thefe during life, after which they were to be fliared alternately,
from year to year, by the Palfgraves of Birkenfeld and Sulzbach;
and thus it has continued ever fince the year 1743, without the leafl: difcontent
on either fide.
§. 2. The lands which devolved, in the manner above-mentioned, to
Duke Rupert, and are now held by the Eledlor-palatine, form two upper
bailiwicks j
viz.
1. The upper bailiwick of ^fZ;/^;?z, lying on the Mofelle, and being furrounded
on all fides by the Eledtorate of Triers. In it is
Veldenz, a borough, containing a feat of that name at half an hour's diftance
from it, together with the villages of Borgen, or Burgen, Duffemont, noted
for its excellent Mofelle wine ; Mullheim, containing a parifli-church j j4ndeln
and Kornhaufen.
2. The upper bailiwick of Lautereck lies on the river Glan, and
contains
Lautereck, a borough, or fmall town, feated on the river Glan.
The villages of Heinzenhaufeu, Lohnwciler, Berfweikr and Weiffweiler,
Romigsberg, originally a convent, but now a feat.
The DuTCHY of DEUX-PONTS,
§. I. 'T~^HE prefent dutchy oi Deux-ponts is compofed of the ancient
"*'
county of Deux-ponts and fome parts of the preceding county of
Veldenz; the laft, indeed, conftitutes two thirds of the dutchy. In the year
3385, Eberhard^ laft count thereof, fold half this county to the Palatine
Loufe

^
32
GERMANY, [Deux-ponts.
houfe for 25,000 florins, and the other half he afterward? left to the Elector
Rupert the Elder. In the year 1410, this county was afligned to Duke
Stephen, who bequeathed it, together with the county of Veldenz, to his
fon Lewis the Swarthy. How thefe territories, thus united, came to be
called the Dutchy of Deux-ponts, has been (hewn in the account of Veldenz:
Under Duke Wolfgang this dutchy fuffered a confiderable dilmembrement
by his
grant of part of the territories of Veldenz and Lautereck to his uncle
"Rupert. On the other hand, by virtue of the treaty of Heidelberg in the
year 1553, and the compad at Marburgh, in 1559, entered into with his
grand-father George John, Eledor-palatine, the fame Duke Wo[fgang, on
the demife of the Eledfor Otta Henry, fucceeded to one half of the hither
county of Sponheim ; and a itvf years before, the above Eledtor, Otto Henry
had conferred on him the dutchy q{ Neuburg, which had defcended to him
by his mother. This laft dutchy he fetded on his eldeft fon Philip Lewis,
and the dutchy of Deux-ponts on his fecond fon -,
John but, as the eldeft fon
was, by his father's will, to cede to his brother. Otto Henry, the caftle,
court and town of Sulzbach, together with the bailiwicks of Hipoltßein and
Allerfperg, and to his brother Frederick the caftle, bailiwick and jurifdiction
of Farkßein and Weiden, as alfo the bailiwick of Floßenburg, in ths
dutchy of Nenburg, as an appenage ; John, the fecond Ton, was alfo to
make over to Charles, the youngeft of thefe brothers, one moiety of the
county of Sponheim. John, Duke of Deux-ponts, had two fons ; 'oi-z.
John Frederick Cafunir and John Cafimir. Frederick Lewis defcended from
the fecond fon dying, in the year 1681, without heirs, the fucceffion devolved
on the pofterity of the third fon, John Cafimir, whofe fon, Charles
Gujlavus, arrived to be King of Sweden ; and his fon, Charles XL King alfo
Kingdom, fucceeded to the dutchy of Deux-po7its and tranfmitted
of that
it to his martial fon Charles XII. The latter being killed at the fiege of
Frederickß.^all \vi. Norway, in the year 171 8, this dutchy defcended to Duke
Gußavus Samuel Leopold, whofe father Adolphus John was brother to King
Charles Gußavus. He died without heirs in the year 1731, on which
Duke Chrißian III. of Berkenfeld, put in his claim to the dutchy of Deuxponts
; and, in the year 1733, by virtue of a compact with the Ele(5torpalatine,
obtained it, yielding up to that Prince the under bailiwick of
Stadecken.
§. 2. The Duke of Deiixponts enjoys a feat and vote in the college of
Princes, as alfo in the Diets of the Circle of the Upper Rhine. His matricular
afleffment is ten horfe and thirty foot,
or two hundred and forty florins
per month ; and to the chamber at Wetzlar, a dedudlion being made for
the bailiwick of Stradecken, he pays one hundred and feventy-two rixdollars
and thirty-fix kruitzers.
at
§. 3. The annual revenues of the territories of Deux-ponti are computed
300,000 florins.
§.4. The

Deux-ponts.] GERMANY.
33
§.4. The dutchy of Z)fz^Ar-^ö;7/Jconfin:s,
I. Of the following parts of the preceding county of Deux-ponts, Ivin«-
in the Wajgau ; viz.
I. Deuxponts, in Latin Bipontum, in German Ziveybrucken, the cajital,
though not large. It is well built and has a fine palace ereded in the modern
tafte. It is alfo the feat of an upper bailiwick. Of the great church here the
Catholics have the choir and the Proteftants the nave. The Liitheram have
likewife a church. In this town is alfo a gymnafmrn. During the thirty years
war this town fuffered extremely, and, in 1677, no lefs from the Frmch.
In a vale at no great diftance from it lies
Schuflick, a pleafure-houfe, erected by Stanißaus, the dethroned King of
JRohvid, during his refidence at Dcnx-ponts, but now gone to ruin.
Kirkel, a feat.
Hornbach, a little town.
Breidenbachy Contwig, Em/iiveiler, Lambß.wn and Wiesbacb, Limbach,
Miiibach and Webenheim, Niinjcfnveilcr, Riefch'weilcr, Waldmob)-, Walzbeim,
all Proteflant pariflies.
Aniveikr, a fmall town and the feat of Trieffch, near which lies
Neti-Caßell,
a feat.
Bergzaberfi, a fmall town, containing a feat and an upper bailiwick.
Minjeid and Latigenkandel, two market-towns.
Guttenberg, a feat.
Kindelbrun and Dr^ichenfcls, two caftles lying in ruins,
Kleeburg, a market-town, fortified with a wall and a caftie, was formerly
the refidence of the family of Deuxpotits-Klecbtirg, the founder of
which was John Ccifimir, third fon to Duke John. The Proteftants have a
church here.
Frankenweilej-, Hunf-
The Proteflant churches at Barbelrode, Drupweiler,
hach, Leinfweiler, Rett, Wilgarjwiefen, Winden.
II. The following parts of the preceding county of Feldenz, and fiefs of
the Eled:or-palatine ;
viz.
Lichtenberg, a feat, to which belongs
Peterß'eim, a village.
S. Micheljhurg, a feat, and S, Remigimburg. This place is an upper
bailiwick.
The BoJ/enbacber and Nerzweiler,
Kußel, a fmall town.
The Proteflant parilhes of Achtehbach, Baumholder, Boffenbacb, Conken,
HinflueHer, Niederkirchen, Pfeflelbach, JJlmelz, IFolferfweil.
Meißenheim, a little town and feat, lying on the river Gian, which is alfo
the feat of an upper bailiwick, is a fief of Mentz.
Odenbach, a borough, flandingon the river Glan. The Proteflant church
here and that of Medart are incorporated.
Vol. V. F Odernheim,
''

3+
GERMANY, [Hefte.
Odernheim, a town, fituate on the river Glati.
Lmdsberg, a ruined caftle, which is a fief of Worms, gave name to
the Landsherg line of the ducal houfe of Deux-poirti, which begun in
Frederick Ccifimir, fon to Jobji I. Below it lies
Upper-Milfchel, or Mofchel, a fmali town.
The Proteftant pariÜies of Alfeiiz, Bi/Ierfchid, Ejenheim, Einollen, Hundfhach,
Niederhaiifen, Raufweiler and Gangloff, together with Kebboni, Scberf^
feld, Tuch-od and Celt'weiler.
HESSE.
§. I. npHE moftancientand imperfedt map oi Hefe is that of Dryander. In
-^ the year 1586, Gerhard Mercator, by order of the Landgrave /F;7-
liam began a map of Lower-Heß, which was finifhed by his fon jobn
Mercator, This probably was the plan made ufe of by Blacuiv, 'Junffon^
Hond, ih& Waesbergs Sind Komajin in their maps oi Lower- Heje. in tlie^
year 1705, the heirs of the latter publirtied Pramiers map of the territories
of Hejfe-Darmßadt, and all its neighbourhood, in fix leaves ; but talk and
KaiJen have put forth maps of aXi'Heß, Thofe oi Ho?nami make N'^ 100
and 101, in the j^ttas o^ Germany.
§.2. Under the C

HefTe.] GER M A N T. 35
lowing rivers ; ijiz. the La?i, or Lahn, al(b called the Lelm, Lohn and
Lahuj in Latin Latius and Logana, which run into the TVeßcr-ivalde^ in the
Principality of Najjau-Siegeti near a farm called Lahnhoiiß, and paffing
through part of the county oilVitgenflein, enters Hcjj'e, where it is rejoined
by other fmaller ftreams ; namely, the Ohm, Marbach, or Ketzerbach, the
Zweprau, Sahbutte, Witfeck, Beber, Dill, Wetz, JVeilbacb, Enn, Elb,
Aar, Erl and Muhlbach. After this it falls, near Cobleniz, into the Rhi7ie.
The Fulda comes from the bifhoprick of Fulda, receives the Edcr, which,
before it is increafed by the Schioalm, is but a fmall river ißuing from Upper
Hejfe, and at length joins the Werra, This lall: river, which has its fource
in the county and Principality of Jienneberg, was formerly known by the
name of Wtfaraha, Wtfuraha, IVefara and afterwards Wirraha, or Wirra j
infomuch that, contrary to the common opinion, it is not at Munden, where
it is joined by the Fulda, that it hrft has the name of Wefer, in Latin Vijurgis
; the Diemel, which, after watering the bidiopric of Paderborn, runs
alio into the Wejer.
j. 4. HeJfe, like many other parts of Germany, has ftates who are fum-^
moned to the Diets of the country. Thofe of Hejfe-Cajel are, firft, the
prelates, who are compofed of,
Firft, the commandery of the T'eutonic order
for Heffe, who refides at Marburg. Secondly, Of the rector and fenate of
the univerlity o^ Marburg, by virtue of its conventual lands. Thirdly, of the
four provofts of the canonries of Kauffungcn and Wetter, and the governors
of the hofpitals of //

36 GERMANY. [Heffe.
marshal and before the univerfity of Gieffen, though the latter conftantly
protells againll: it. In cafe of general Diets of the whole country oi Ht-Jje,
they are to be held alternately within the territories of Cajfel and Darmftadt:
it is alfo very feldom that a general Diet of either of the provinces is fummoned.
The fovereign of both houfes aflemble at pleafure a particular
Diet, and then the Landgrave of iiZt'/^-C-?^'/ fends orders through his vvhok
country for them to appear by deputies. Cajfel is generally the place of
affembly for thole of Heje-Cajfel, though fometimes they meet at Treyfa.
The Diets of Htfc-Dannßadt are invarfably held at Girßn. In both the
fovereign is reprefented by a commilTioner. The hand-Convocatiom-fage^
as they are called, generally relate to free-giftSj and are fummoned by the
marfhal on an order from the fovereign.
§.5. The houfe of Ä'//t'-C^^/ forms one of the Proteftant religion, and
that oi HeJfe-DarmßaJt is Liilkeraii. Of the collateral lines, Rothenburg is
Roman Catholic, and Homburg and Rhilipfdak Proteftants. The iubjeds
likewife vary in their religious profefhons. It being known, in the year
"ij^i^^ that Frederick, the hereditary Prince of He£e-Caffel, had, in 1749,
gone over to the Romiß:) religion ; that Prince, on the twenty-eighth oi October
and thirty-firft of December, voluntarily drew up, and confirmed by
oath, an inftrunient declaring, that his prefent and future children Hiould
be brought up, inftruded and confirmed only in the Proteftant religion ;
and, that on his accefTion to the government no manner of alteration fhould
be made with refpedt to religion as at that time it flood, but that he Ihould
preferve every particular relating to it unmolefled and entire, according to
the ßafiis c.nni norwativi, as fettled at the treatv of WcßphaUa, the prelent
ecclefiaftical eltablilhment in the country of !!''£}, Scbauenbiirg, Hanau.,
and all
other appertaining to his fucctffion and the principles of the Proteftant
body. This inftrument was not only printed and inferted in the eighteenth
volume of the ASla Hißorico-ecclefwßica , but has alfo for its guarantees the
Proteftant Princes of Europe, the States of the Ufiited-Provinces and the
whole Proteftant body. In Heß'e-Caßel are two fuperintendents of the Proteftants,
one at Caßel the other at AllendorJ on the Werra\ and a Lutheran one
at Marburg. Gießm had formerly two fuperintendents, but this office has
fince been divided among the three profeflbrs of divinity, infomuch that
nov/ the diftrid of Ahfeldt has its fuperintendent ziGie£e?i equally with that
of Marburg. Under thefe fuperintendents are infpedlors, and next to them
metropolitans. Thefe are the principal clafTes of the clergy, to whom the
parifh-priefts and fchoolmafters are fubordinate.
To Hcjfc-Caffel belong the univerfities of Marburg, and Rinteln and
Gießen to the houfe of Heße-Darmßadt .
§. 6. Befides the common Latin fchools here, at Caßel, Marburg, Gi^
eßen and Darmftadt are public feminarles. Caffel, Hersjeld and Darmfiadt
have likewife ^q;)7;wrt/?ß. Caffel d\{Q\% -3. collegium illuftre, and Marburg 2.nA
Gießen univerfities.. §. 7. In-.

Heffe.]
GERMANY,
§. 7. In Hcße are m^nufaclories of gold, linen, cloth, hats, ftocklngs,
gloves, paper, Gff. Cqff'el, in particular, makes a very beautiful porcelain.
§. 8. TiiC H-'JJiaiu are dcfcended from the Cafti^ who had their particular
Princes. The Catti, Chatti, Chci/Jt, Ha/fi and Hc/ii, are but one and the fams'
name. In 902, under Lewis the Child, Conrad the Elder, together with GeMuird,
Eberhard iiXid Conrad the lounger, counts o{ Htjp, fignalifed themfelves by
inteftine wars; the lafl became even King of G(rr/7/rf;;r; and it appears, that, in
confequenceof this exaltation, He^e was given to Otto his younger brother;
at leaii he had fome lands in Longau. From him probably was dcfcended
Leivis the Bearded, count of HcJJ'e, and to whom, beiides Heßl', the Emperor
conferred a part of 'Tburingia; but his grandfon Z-^-w/i obtained all Thuringia,
together with the title of Landgrave, and with HeJJe trantmitted it to his
pofterity, of whom Henry Rafpe dÄed without heirs in the year 1249. ^^'s
elder brother, Lewis the Pious, had a daughter named Sophia who was
flilcd countefs of Thiiringia and married to Henry V, duke of Brabant. The
fruit of this marriage was Henry I. furnamed the Child, who took on hirn
the fhyle of Landgrave of Thuringia and lord of Heß'e ; and, by Adolphus,
fCingof the Romans, w^as, in the year 1292, created a Prince of the Empire,
and Heße erected into a Principality, though it infenfibly afterwards
came to be commonly termed a Landgravate. One of his defcendants,
Lewis I. added to HeJ/e the counties o: Ziege??hayn and Nidda, on condition
that it should be accounted an accellory fief of HeJJe, and that, on the failure
of the male line of the counts of Zicgenhayn it flhould efchcat to the Landgrave,
which happened not long after ; for it appears that 'John, the laft
count thereof, was dead in the year 1445. The two eldeft fons of this
Lewis made a partition of the country of Heffe among themfelves, by virtue
of which one poffeffed all the country on this lide the Spieje, and the other
the country along the Lahn, together with the lordfliips of Zicgenhayn and
Nidda. The latter alfo, by his marriage with Amie, daughter to Philip,
count of Katzencllnbogen, annexed that county to Heße. Philip the Magnanimous,
grandfon to LewisW. was fovereign of all Hejfe ; and it is from him
that all the modern Landgraves derive their extradlion. In his will he
divided his dominions among his four fons, alTigning to the eldeft, PP'iU
Ham IV. founder of the CaJJi'l line, one half, to Lewis IV. a quarter,
and the two others, Philip I. and George I. founder of the Darmßadt
line, the other quarter. Philip l\. oi Rheinfeis died, in the year 1583,
without heirs, upon which his three brothers Ihared his territories. In the
year 1604 alfo died without heirs Lewis IV, of Marburg, leaving Marburg
and its dependencies to Cajfcl, and the country of Gießen to that of Dartn-
Jtadt ; but this divifion occafioned contefts betwixt the two families, which
were not adjufted till the year 1648. Thus in Heßi; are two fovereign families,
betwixt whom all the Heßian territories are divided ; namely, thofe
of Cajßd and Darmßadt , but many articles have continued in common
among.
37U

38 G E R M A N r. [Heffe.
among them : i , the feudal power, as likewile the inveftiture of the Princes
of Waldeck, which has ever been performed in the name of both Landgraves.
2. The records of Z/t'gfwZ'öv«. 3. Tht Samthofgericht, or 'jointeourt
of julhce,' -iX. Marburg, which is held at certain times, and has its judge
and afleflbrs, from whom, in procefTes of above 1000 gold gulden an appeal lies
lo the aulic council ; and, if exceeding 100, to the court of revißon. 4. The
court of revilion, or appeals, held alternately fix years at Marburg and fix at
Giejjen, being compoled of feven members. 5. The two foundations for
nobles of Kauffingen and Wetter, together with the four hofpitals of Haina,
Merxhaujen, Hofheim and Grünau. The two foundations in it have four
provofts, who are of the Heßian nobility > the convent or holjjital of Haina
has alfo one who is obliged to refide there. The provofts every year de-
Irver in their accounts to commiflaries nominated by both fovereigns.
6. The portioi^ing of the PrincefiTes, who, at the fame time, naake a folcmn
renunciation of all other claims. The fubjeds of both fovereigns contribute
to the portion, whether the bride be the daughter of a reigning or collateral
Prince. 7. The Diets of all Hejj'c, but thefe very feldom meet. 8. The
wine and Rhine duty, and fliare in the Bopparter ward-duty. g. The
Heßan hereditary ofiice of marllial, cup-bearer, treafurer and fewer, the
firft of which is in the family of Riedzeel of Eijenbach, the fecond in the
Schencks of Schnveinßerg, the third in the KerleJJens, and the fourth belongs
to the barons oi Dornberg. 10. The arbitrators, in Latin termed /«-
dices außregte, chofen in difputes by the Landgraves who fubmit to their
verdict. 1 1 . The privileges by virtue of which the Landgraves are delegate
ftates, of the Empire. 12. The title, which is nearly the fame, both
fovereigns alTumed to themfelves ; namely, that of Landgrave of Heße,
Prince of Hersfeld, Count Katzenellnbcgen, Dietz, Ziegenhayn, Nidda,
Schaumburg, and to which Hejfe-Cajfel adds Hanau and Hejje-Darmßadt
aifo Ifenburg and Büdingen. 13. The hereditary brotherhood, betwixt them
and the houfes of Saxony and Brandenburg, i/^. The hereditary fuccefiiun
in the county of Waldcck. 15. The payment of the quota to the Empire.
16. The rank which they and their deputies have alternately enjoyed
at interviews and congrefles.
17. The vote at the deputation of the Empire.
§. 9. The right oi primogeniture was firft fettled in the Darmftadt family
in the year 1606, and confirmed in 1608 by the Emperor Rodolphm JL
and this example was followed by that of Caffel in 1627, and the following
year confirmed by the Emperor Ferdinand II.
In both houfes are Princes appenaged by compadl. Thofe of HeJJe-CaJfel
are, 1. Philipfdale ; that is delcended from Philip, brother to the Landgrave
Charles, and refiding at Philipjdale. 2. Rothenburg; who, inftead of this name
given him by the fovereign family, choofes rather to ftyle himfelf Rheinfels.
The founder of this line was Krneß, youngeft fon to the Landgrave Maurrice,
and on whole brother, the Landgrave William V. conferred a fourth
part

Heffe.] GERMANY,
39
part of all the pofleffions prefent or future ; and by virtue of this thev account
themfelves among the reigning Princes ; yet does Hejfe-Cajfelhdid. the
fovereignty over the places and territories of the Princes of Rothenburg, and
alfo garrifons the forts' of Rhcinfels, which had given rife to vehement
contefts, till, in the year 1754, an agreement was entered into that the
Landgrave of He£c-Rothenbiirg fhould, for himfelf and his heirs, renounce
all claim to the garrifoning of Rheinfels fort, and refign it to Hefjc-Cajjel^
and alfo recede from all pretenfions with refpect to the prlmo^eniture-
(iocument obtained of the aulic council. On the other hand, HeJJe-CaJfel
confented that the Landgrave of Heffe-Rothcnbi^rg for the advantage of one
of his fons then living, might, with or without the Emperor's approbation,
make a paternal ordinance and divilion among his children, by which the
joint inheritance hitherto cuftomary in the Hejiafi Vnkjerjal-quart fliould
fet afide, and the territories concenter in the faid Prince, leaving to the
other Princes a fixed fum not under 3000 rixdoUars; but fuch ordinance
not to be conftrued as a right of primogeniture. The Landgraves of
Rothenburg, or Rheinfeh, are again fubdivided into two houfes, one of which
refides at Rothenbwg, the other at Efchivege, The latter family is alfo
named Wanfrid.
2. The only appenage belonging to Hejfe-Darmßadt is HeJJe-Hamburg^
deriving its name from the town of Hamburg, vor der hohe, but its defcent
from Frederick, fon to the Landgrave George L Among other rights
the Landgraves of Hamburg are always chief rangers in
the Marcs of Seulburg
and Upper Rrlenbach.
be
3. The arms of HejJ'e are a fliield twice longitudinally divided and three
times tranfverfally with a fcutcheon Qi^xtX.^^Qz,faphire ; the Heßan lion, pearl,
and three diadems ruby. In the firft dexter Ihield, argent, is a patriarchal
crofs, ruby, for the Principality of Hersfeld. In the fecond Ihield, party per
fefs, diamond and topaz, with a ftar, pearl, denoting the county of Ziegenbayn.
The third field has a lion-rampant, ruby, crowned faphire, for Katzenellnbogen.
The fourth field ruby, two Xxom pajfant , topaz, for the county
of Dietz. The fifth field, party per fefs, topaz and diamond, two ftars with
eight points, pearl, for the county of Nidda. The fixth field, alfo party
per bend, ruby and pearl, within a nettle-leaf on three fegments, in each of
which is a carnation, pearl, for the Schaumburg arms. The I/andgrave,
William added the Ha)mu fhield, which is quarterly j in the firft and fourth
fields, topaz, three cherrans, ruby, for the county of Hanau ; but, in the
fecond and third field, topaz, three bends, ruby, for the county of Reineck ;
likewife a fcutcheon of pretence, party per fefs, topaz and pearl, for the lordfliip
of Munzenberg. The Landgraves of HeJJe-Darmßadt alfo add to the
arms of Tjenbwgh and Büdingen a (hield, argerit, two bcndelets, diatnond.
The two collateral Princes of Hejfe-Caßel bear the Heßian fliield alone, but
thofe
of the Darmßadt line add to it the aims of Ifenburg.
§. II. The
'

40 GERMANY. [Hefle.-
§.
1 1. The Landgraves of Heß'e-Cajfel, and alfo thofe oi Hejfe-Darmßadf,
have each a particular leat and vote in the college of Princes, who ftiare
HeJJ'e, and are of the fix princely families, vv^ho rank alternately; both of
them alfo fit in the Diet of the Circle of the Upper Rhine ; but it has been
obferved in the introduftion to that Circle that Hejfe-Caß'el has more than
onCe feparated from it. The matricular affefTment of Heffe-Cajfel is 1096
florins, forty-five kruitzers ; and that of Hefe-Dn7-mßadt fix hundred and
fixty-three florins. To the chamber at Wetzlar, Heße-Coßcl ^&y% four hundred
and feventy-two rthler. fifty-five and a half kruitzers, exclufive of
twenty-five rthler. feventy-nine one-fifth kruitzers for the county of Katz.enellnbogen
; and Heffe-Darmßadt three hundred and thirteen rthler.
at Marburg, and the Saint-Revißons or ylppellatious-gericbt,
eighteen one-eighth kruitzers.
§.12. Both Heße-Caffel and Heffe-Darmfladt have a privy-council. In
Hejfe-Caffel are two regencies, viz. one at Cojfcl for Lower HeJJe, and one
at Marburg for the lelTer part thereof; in HeJJ'e-Darmßadt are alfo the fame
number, viz. one at Giejjen for the bailiwicks in JJpper-HeJfe, and one at
Darmfladt for the upper county oi Katzenellnbogen, and part of the country
of Epßein, exclufive of the Saint-Hofgericht, or joint court of juftice held
of which mention
has been already made ; Cajfel has no other particular court of appeals
at Cajfel, and that for Heße-Darmßadt is held at Dartnßadt. Eccleilaftical
and matrimonial cafes come before the confiftories, of which there
are tv^'O for Hejfe-Cajfel, which are held at Cajel and Marburg ; and two for
Darmßadt, namely, at Gießen and Darmßadt. For the trial of noblemen
or perfons of eminence guilty of any great crime, a particular criminal-court
is eredled, if requefted, which is called judicium honoratum, though Hejfe-
Darmßadt has conftantly a criminal-court both at Gießen -xndi Darmßadt.
§.13. The impofitlon and payment of the ordinary and extrordinary taxes
have been fettled in a Diet held at 'Treyßi in the year 1576. The countryfeats
of the nobility, together with the lands and effefts belonging to the
priefls, fchools, and churches are exempt from the ordinary taxes ; but
for the extraordinary ones, agreed on in a Diet by the States, the four hofpitals
only, with their tenants and lands belonging to the priefls and fchools
are excepted. The contribution of the nobility and prelates is in proportion
to that of the country as ten rthler. four albufes to forty-eight rthler. fifteen
albufes. The provincial chefi: is under the management of four receiversgeneral,
who are either elected out of the nobility at the Diet, or on appointing
the commifiion of accounts, and their office is for life. Thefe
nominate the coUedlors. The taxes here are paid in at three towns of receipts.
The prelates, nobility and commoners, owners of cftates which
were oiiginally invefled in noble families, (ftiled joint-contributors) in that
part of Upper He[fe belonging to Caß'el in the county of Ziegenhayn, part of
the bailiwicks of Romberg, Gudensberg and Felsberg, as alfo thofe of Doern-
1 berg

Hefle.] GERMAN
T.
4t
derg and Lingclbach, pay their taxes in at Treyfa^ but the towns and villages
at Marburg. The other prelates, noblemen and commoners, owners of
noble eftates, as likewife the towns and villages, pay them at Caljel. The
imports of the towns and villages are remitted to the above places by the
coUeciors, who deliver in their accounts to the receivers-general, the Sovereign
and States allembled in a Diet, at which the univernty oi Marburg
alfo allifts. In HeJJe-Darmfladt the receivers-general are a profeflbr of
Gießen, with a nobleman and (yndic of the town of Gießeti. Both Caffel
and Darm/iadt have a chamber of demefnes. The annual revenue of the
Landgrave of HeJfe-CaJJ'el is computed at 1,200,000 rthler, and that of
Heffe-Dnrmfladt at about half this fum.
§. 14. Cciffel and Darmßadt have each their war office : Heffe-Ccr/fel conflantly
keeps on foot twelve battalions and eight fquadrons, which are reckoned
io many regiments, as alfo a troop of Huffhrs and three hundred
matroifes. Heß'e-Darmßadi maintains a body of horfe-guards, two companies
of grenadier-guards, two fquadrons of dragoons, two regiments of infantry,
and four battalions of regular militia.
§, 15. The ancient country of Heffe was varioufly divided, as, into the
country of Heße and thofe parts lying on the river Loina, together with
the country on the Loina and the territories on this fide the Spieß's ; as alfo
into the country on this fide and beyond the Spicßh ; into the country on
the Werra, the Darn and Daun, i. e.
'
the hilly country.' Its prefent divifion
is into that oi Upper and Lower Heffe; but in conformity to the political
divifion, we fliall firft treat of the part appertaining to H'ffr-Caffel and
then proceed to that of Heffe-Darmßadt, under which we include the
county of KatzcneUnbogen, but not the principality of Hersfeld ; for though
the latter be incorporated with the lower principality of Heffe, yet Heße-
Caffel, being by virtue of it, a difiiinä: State both of the Empire and Circle,
a feparate narrative of it will be moft agreeable, as alfo an account of the
lands belonging to the appenaged Pnnces of both houfes in detached feclions.
I fliall therefore begin with
I. The part of Hefe in the poflefllon of the Ibvereign family of Htffe-
Caffel,
and the appenaged line of Heffe-Rhe'mjeldt.
I. The part belonging to the fovereign houfe of
Hess e-C a s s r l
Is mofl conveniently divided, according to the five river-diflridls taken
notice of above in §. 4. thus in
Lowe r-H esse,
I. Is the diftrid on the Fulda^ comprehending
Vol. V. G " i. The

42 GERMANY, [Heffe.
1. The bailiwick of Cassel.
Cajfel in Latin CaJJella, and Qißila, the refidence of the fovereign, and
convocatory town of the province, lies on the river Diemel, being the feat
of the privy-council, the regency for Lower Heffe, the court of appeals,
the chamber of deniefnes, the war and mine-offices, and a confiftory ; is
fortified, and ftands on the river Fulda, which flows betwixt the old and
new town, having a ftone bridge eredted over it. The old town, which
is the largefl: and mofl: confiderable, forms a femi-circle on a hill, and like
the lower new-town is old failiioned ; but the French, or upper new-town,
betwixt which and the old town lies the efplanade, being delightfully
planted with rows of trees, is very regular and handfome. The palace of
the Prince ftands in the old town on the river Fulda, but is a diftinft fortification.
In the horfe-courfe is the Modellham, exhibiting a reprefentation of
the grand water-works of the Winterkaßen in their prefent ftate, and the
perfeä:ion to which they were to have been carried according to the original
plan. In the Kunßhaufe or Lycaum, is an anatomical theatre, together
with the hall of the collegium Carolinwn, a mufceum, a cabinet of antiques
and natural curiofities, and an obfervatory well furniflied with inftruments.
Over the ftables is the fovereign's library. The building where all
the above-mentioned colleges meet is a noble piece of ancient architecfture.
The arfenal is full of military (lores, with a foundery (landing at a fmall
diftance from it ; and near this the new houfe of corredlion.
In the Frnih new-town, Landgrave William YWl, has added to the
houfe in which he formerly lived a fine gallery of paintings. In this upper
new-town is alfo a beautiful church ; but the principal church in Cajel is
that of St. Martins abbey in the old town, in which lies the burial-place of
the Princes ; and near it is a public Lati?! fchool. In the old town is likewile
the Bruderkirche and the garrifon church, and on the ramparts a Lutheran
meeting, the fir (I (lone of which was laid in the year 1734. The
lower new-town has alfo a church. In Caffel is likewife one of the fuperinrendencies
of Hejfe-Cajj'el. The above-mentioned Collegium illu/lre or Carolinum,
was founded by the Landgrave Charles. Barracks have been built
for the garrifon. The way from the palace-bridge over the leffer Fulda
leads to the Prince's parterre, and from hence we proceed to the large
green-houfe, the exquifite marble bath and the A?7a, which befides its trees
and other embelliniments, has in its centre a fpacious bafon with a hill in
it. This delicious place is environed by the great and little Fulda. At Caffel
are manufactures of gold-lace, cloth, fluffs, filk and worded (lockings,
hats, and other commodities.
The mod ancient record in which Cajfel occurs is a grant of Conrad^.
King 0^ Germany, to the convent oi Mejchede in the dutchy of Weflphalia^
dated in the year 913. In 945, King Otho accommodated a conted betwixt
Hermann duke of Swabia and Cofirad duke of Franconia, at which
time.

HefTe.]
GERMANY.
time Cajfel was a town, though probably, but a fmall one. In the year
1239, Hermann the Totmger, Landgrave oi Thuringia, confirmed its inhabitants
in their ancient rights and privileges. In the year 1247, ^^^ Landgrave
Henry the Child fixed his relidence here, commencing it with a ratification
of its liberties, The Landgrave Hetiry, lurnamed Ironfide, greatly
contributed to its aggrandizement; and in 1364, founded a chapter in the
parifh-church of St. Martin. Thus much of the ancient hiftory of this
town.
Before the gate of the lower new-town is the Siechenhof, with a church
and fummer-houfe newly erefled ; as alfo the Mejzinghof, founded by the
Landgrave Charles, in the year 1680, as a brafs and copper manufa(fl:Gry
together with a well contrived mint eredled by the Landgrave lyilliamYlll.
In the Waldau lies the hunting wardrobe.
Senfenjlein, feated on an eminence betwixt Cajfel and the wood of Kaiiffunger,
was once a caftle, which the Landgrave Hermann fortified in tlie
year 1368, when Otho duke oi Brunfivick made a fortrefs of the caflle of
Sicheljlein, which lies not far from Munden. In the year 1438, the Landgrave
Z/fw/j I. conferred it as a fiti on Sittig of Berhps ; who, in 1461,
gave it in exchange for his family feat of Btrleps and the pofl of hereditarv
treafurer oi Hcjfe.
In the year 1667, "yohn 'Dieterich count of Kunivitz obtained
this houfe as a fief from Hejfe-Cajfel, and his defcendants are flill in
;
^^3
pofiefTion of it.
Kauffungen, an abbey for nobles, founded in the year 1019 as a nunnery
of Benedi^ines by Conjiinda confort to King Henry II. formerly known
by various names, as thofe of Capungum, Co?iJunga, Confennon, Confungcn,
Confiigia, Confugium, Caufunga, ^c. In the year 1527, it was reformed
by the Landgrave Philip the Mügnanimous, and its revenues affigned for tlie
portioning the daughters of fuch ancient noble families as were States:
This place, together with the abbey of Wetter, is under the diredlion of
four HeJJian noblemen, I'iz. two of Loieer Heffe, one of Marburg, and one
of Darmßadt, who fuperintend its revenues. The Landgraves of H'lje-
Caß'l and Hcjfe-Darmjiadt are its territorial lords and patrons. It lies in a
wood to which it gives name, and exclufive of the large village of Helfen
Handing on the Lofj'e, has feveral other places belonging to it.
2. The bailiwick of Baune.
The pleafure-houfe of Freyenhagen lies at the end of a road leading from
Caffel, which is planted on each (\'\z with trees. At the foot of Flabicht
wood, two fhort hours from Caß'cl, flands Weißenflein houfe, belonging to
the Sovereign ; but above it on Winterkajicn or Kirhberg, as it is called, is
the incomparable cafcade begun by the Landgrave Charles, but not yet
finilTied. On each fide are eight hundred fteps leading up the mountain, and
at the top is a grand pyramid of huge ftones arranged in a tranlVerfe and
vertical pofition, which are furmounted by a Hercules of topper, and is
G 2
thirty

44 GERMANY. [HefTe.
thirty feet high. The prolpecl here is inexprelTibly fine. The cafcade has four
platforms to it, with a fpacioiis bafon in each. Near the upper bafon is a
fplendid grotto of large rough hewn ftones which look as if only placed
upon one another. In the fecond is a rock confifting of heaps of ftones
diipofed in a moil: beautiful confufion, and under it is a giant reclined on
lus back, and ejeding a ftream of water fix inches in diameter, to the
lieight of above forty feet, whilfl; the cryftalline water falls nearly perpendicular
winding through apertures which are alnioft imperceptible, in innumerable
meanders. The defcent of the cafcade on each fide the bafon
confifts entirely of large fquare ftones over which the water runs about an
inch in height; and a little way forward, over a thin ftieet of lead about
three inches broad, precipitates itfelf from one platform-ftone to another,
having the appearance of a cryftalline mirror ; but by a fpedtator ftanding
at the bottom, when the fun plays his beams upon it, the brilliancy cannot
be viewed without admiration. The water for this work is brought from
feveral ftreams up the mountain, and collected in a refervoir one hundred
feet deep, and of a very confiderable circumference.
3. The bailiwick of Heckershausen. In it
Wilbeniflhcil, a palace belonging to the Prince, and fo nnmcd by the
Landgrave William VIII. its original name being th'SiX. 0^ A?neiientbal.
4. The bailiwick of Lichtenau, in which, near Lichtenau, the Lojfe
has its Iburce, and below Cajj'cl falls, near Romeroda, into the Fulda. In
Hirjchbcrg riles the river Wobra., which below Efchwege, near the village of
Nierde Hohne, runs into the IVerra. In it is
Lichtenau, a fmall town fituate in a cold, and confeauently not a very
fertile country. In the years 1521, and 1637, it was deftroyed by fire.
Formerly, at the diftance of one half mile from it it(;od the feat of
Reichcnhach \n Niedforß, which in the year 1225 devolv'ed to Lewis, Landgrave
of Hejj'e and T^huringia, and afterwards to the counts oi Ziegenhayn,
from whofe family the counts of Rcicheniach are defcended, to whom this
bailiwick once belonged.
5. The bailiwick of Spangenberg lies in Riedfcrft ; in it are fome
vineyards, and a fine plain running along the Fulda. Its villages lie low^
near ftreams which abound in fifh. The Fife, Fßfe, or Pfeife rifes in the
village of the fame name, and after receiving the EJfe near Spa?igenberg falls
into the Fulda.
Spangenberg, an ancient caftle feated on a hill below it, and alfo on an
eminence ftands the little town of Spangenberg, which fo early as the year
1309 was in fome degree of profperity.
Heyda, or Zur Heyden, once a convent of Cißercians, but now a feat belonging
to the Prince, lies on the Fulda near the s\\\-3.ge of Altenmorfchen.
Betwixt the villages of old and new Morfch'en is a bridge which ferves a&
a highway over the Fulda-, and near Connefeld, another village, is a vaft
rock of a beautiful white alabafter. 6. The

HclTe.] GERMAN
T,
6. The bailiwick of Melsungen lies on both fides the river FidJa, and
contains the other half of the Ricdßrßcs, having little corn-land ; but near
Erlesberg are fome coal-mines which are worked.
Mdfungai or Mcißngen, a feat of the Prince's, having a fmall town, which
in 1 195 and I3^'3 was cruelly deflroyed. Near it is a bridge over the Fuii/a,
lying in a road much frequented. The noble families of No-rdcck, Py^ormsy
and Korff'hzve their feats here.
Brciter.au, once a convent of Benedi&ines, ftands on the river Fulda, with,
fome vine-grounds near it. Above Bratenaii this river takes two remarkable
circuits among the mountains ; and one (hort half mile below is joined by
the Eder.
The bailiwick of Fridewald borders in the principality o? Hersfeld y
its villages are but few, but in it is a very profitable wood, which forms a
part of Sidliiiger foreft. In it alfo are quarries of Hone, and it abounds in
fifli. In this amt or bailiwick lies Dreyen-hill.
The fe:\.t of Fridcu-a/d was purchafed in the year 1422 of three noble
families, namely, of the Mtlnrod, Reckcnrod and Altenberg, by the Landgrave
Henry III. who rebuilt it for a hunting feat. In the year 1551, an
alliance was concluded here betwixt France, Saxony, Brandenburg and
Heffe. Near the feat ftands a town.
The bailiwick of Haringen, belonging to this prefedurefbip, lies on
the river
JVerre.
8. The bailiwick of Hauneck is environed on all fides by the territories
of Fulda and lies on the river Haun. In it is the Stoppelß.nll noted for
45
its height and roundnefs, but flill more for its excellent quarries; and on it
(lands the ruined caftle of Hauneck.
9. The following eftates and bailiwicks on the river Fulda, the owners
of which are all nobles and ftates of the country, viz.
Altcnfeld, belonging to the 'J'reujchbuttlar family.
Barchjeld, belonging to that of Stein.
•
Berneburg, to that of Hundelß:aujen and Bidefeld.
Binsfurt, to that of Baumbach.
Dippach, bi-longing to the family of Vultee.
Elbej-Jdorff, to that of Boineburg, named Hohenßein.
Friemen, to the family of Buttlar. »
Frulingen, to that of Diede and Mefenbugk.
Hambach, to the family of Boineburg, called Hohenßein.
Harmutfachfen, to that of Hundelß:aißen.
Haffelbach,
Hattenbach,
Heißenjtcin,
to that of Hundelß:au(en.
to that of Hattenbacb,
to that of Rotnrod,
Helgeroda, to that of Donop.
Holzhain, to that of Romrod.
\ Holtzhiiiifen,

46 GERMANY. [Heffe.
Ilolzhaufen,
Imßoaufen,
belonging to the family of 'Treufchbuttlar.
to that of T^rott.
Kirchheim, to that of Baumhach.
lluhmanßieyde, to the family of Romrod,
K/finfee, to that of Vultee.
Liebenz or Loebens, to that of Urott.
Ltiderbach,
Ludwigjt'ck,
Lutzehvich,
to that of Capella.
to that of RiedefeL
to the family of HabclL
Mahfeld, to that of Scholey.
Markerßoanjhi, to that of Tz-eiifchbuttJar.
'^leiljer,
rlenterß.^außn,
Neftelroden,
Rettierode,
Salz,
to that of Milchlinge.
to that of Baumbach.
to that of Treußchhuttlar.
belonging to the family of Meyßenbugk.
to that of Verßchur.
Schnvarzenhaffd,
Solz,
Sontra,
to the fame.
to the family of T^rott.
to that of Baumbacb.
Spangenberg, to that of Lindau.
T'anncnbcrg, to that of Baumbach.
Welliitgcrode,
to that of Diede.
Wolhß.^aufen, to that of Trcußchbuttlar .
Wommcn, to that of Brink.
Obf, The Principality of Hersfeld, the capltol of which is the convocatory
town of the diftrift of Zulda,
will be treated of in the fequel.
II. The country lying on the Werra, to which belongs
1, The bailiwick of Vaca.
Vach or Fach, a little town ftanding on the Werra, over which it has a
bridge of ilone, and at a little diftance is joined by the Vlfler. Its fituation
in the road betwixt Leipzig and Francjcrt en the Mayn renders the produce
of its toll-houfe very conliderable.
2, The bailiwick, of Leutenhausen lies on the mountain of Dreyen.
3. The bailiwick of Waldkappel ftands on the river Wohra. In it is
Meiffner-hill, accounted the largeft and highefl: in Lower Hejfe, and which,
cxclulive of its coal-pits produces a variety of excellent phylical herbs.
The little town of Waldkappel, feated on the Wohra, was wholly burnt
down in the year 1637; t!i\t\oxA^ oi Boineburg and Hunde^haußen have alfo
a fliare in
it.
4. The bailiwick of Allendorf is feated amidfl: high and rocky mountains,
among which thofe of Coburg and Hoheberg on the frontiers of
Eichsfeld are the mofl: remarkable.
This bailiwick produces fome wine.
Allcndorß, on the Werra, a town and fuperintendency of the Proteftants,
was deftroyed in the year 1637 by firej near it, in the Sedan, are the great
lak-

Hefle.]
GERMANY.
falt-works, which are of more ancient (landing than the town itfelf, mention
being made of them in an inftrument of the Emperor Otho lid, bearing
date in the year 973 ; the houfes built there belonging to a particular
community.
The bailiwicks and eftates of the Werra District, the owners of
which are Nobles and States of the country, viz.
Armenjchwerd or Ermjchivert, belonging to the family of Buttlar.
Arnflei'dy belonging to the family of Eodenhaufen.
"Zur Aue, to that of Efchwege.
Berleps,
to that of Ber/eps.
Bifchhaujhi or Bifchofshaiifoi,
Brachfeld,
Fahrenbach,
Furßenßein^
Geßatt,
to that of Bohieburg.^
to that of Berleps.
to that of Diede.
to that of Boineburg.
-
Grafendorf, to that of Keudel.
Kubenthal,
Netra,
Neuenrode,
to the family oi Berleps.
to that of Boineburg.
to that of Bilchofshaufen.
to thofe of Bijchofsbaufen and Bcineburg,
47
Reichenfachjen, to thofe of Boineburg and EJchwege.
>
Rchrda,
Schwebda,
Stidenrod,
to that of Meyjenbugk.
to that of Keudel.
to the family of Buttlar.
Volkerßiauj'en, to that of Verfcur.
The town of Wanfried to that of Keudel,.
Wichmanßmufen, to that of Biomburg, and.
Ziegenburg, to that of Buttlar.
HI. The country along the Dimel, in which lies
I. The bailiwick of Grebenstein, reaching to the Fulda; and being
a good corn-country.
Grebenßein, a fmall town feated on a high eminence on the Ejje, near it
formerly ftood a caftle, of which a houfe ftill remains. On the bridge here
is held in the open air the Bruckengericht, or bridge-court, which is not lefs
fingular for its cuftoms than place of holding it, every defendant being
obliged to depofite a fine, which on his acquittal is returned him, and the
plaintiff condemned in double the fum.
Immenhaufen, a fmall town on the fkirts of Rheinhards foreft, was deflroyed
by fire in the years 1385, 1603 and 1631. The firft Proteftant
fermon preached here was with the approbation of the Landgrave Philip
the Magnanijnous. The family of Stcckhaujen have two manfion-houks in
this
place.
Not far from hence is an iron mine, for the improvement of which fome
iron-works have been erected on the river at VeckerkiTien. The hi^heil
part of the high mouataia of Stauffen in Rheinhard, is called Bartelskopf,
i. e. Bar~-
'

4g
GERMANY. [Hefie.
'
Barthohttteuh head.' Garne-bill, not far from it on the Munden fide, is
ahb of very confiderable height.
Karlfdoif ^u6. Mdrhndorf zxz two villages built by French refugees under
the protedtion of the Landgrave Charles.
2. The bailiwick of Sabbaburg, commonly called Zapfenbürg, lies in
the JValde or forell of Rheinhard, the length of which is four German miles,
and its breadth one, or one and a half, with a ftud of the Prince's in it.
Sabbaburg, a hunting feat belonging to the Prince, lies on a high hill, and
from it a ftraight road has been cut through the foreft to Fromerß:aufcn,
and continued with fome fmall windings to Caffe]^ having a row of trees
planted on each fide.
The Gicfekverder, an ifland ftanding in the JVefer, formerly m.ade a part
of the county of Werra. On the death of Siegfried count of Bomeneburg in
the year 1 141, in whom the Northeim line became extindl, this place with
many other eftates of the inheritance defcended to Kermann count of TVpizenburg,
and he dying in 1151 without male heirs, devolved to Duke
Henry the Lyon. In the year 1462 the Landgrave Lezvis IV. took pofiefficu
This place has a court and toll-houfe.
of it.
^5. The baihwick of Lippoldesberg on the JVefer, originally a convent
dedicated to the Virgin Maiy, contains iron- mills.
4. The bailiwick of Walhausen, contiguous to the foregoing,
5. The bailiwick of Helmershausen.'
Hehnei-ß:aufen, a fmall town lying on the Diemel, had once a convent.
In the year 1465 the Landgrave Lewis IV. made himfelf mafier both of
the town and the adjacent calile of Kruckenberg.
Karlß:>a'-cen, a town built by the Landgrave Charles at the conflux of the
Diemel and Wejer, has a harbour, and an hofpital for invalids. This town
was formerly called Syburg, and a canal has been dug from hence as far as
Grebenßein.
6. The bailiwick of Trendeleurg or Drendelburg, a fmall town,
having an old caflle ftanding on the Diemel.
Langenihal, Dcijjcl, Lamcrden, Siclan, Ebcrfchiitz, Hinmnen and Stamme^
are all
large villages.
7. The bailiwick of Hof-Geismar, which is fo called from
Hof-Giefmar, a very ancient town containing two parilhes, and feated in
a fertile country. Near it is a good medicinal fpring. Within its marc lies
Schonberg a ruined caftle, to which once belonged a lordfliip comprehending
Hof-Giefmar, Trendelburg, Hehnerß.mifen, Giefehvcrder, Ltppoldsberg,
and other places. In the year 142g the male line of the lords of Schonberg
failing in Henry, the Landgrave Lewis took poireihon of part of the lordfhip,
and in 1462 a violent war breaking out in the eledtorate of Mentz, he
alfo made himfelf mail:er of that part which had till then been in difpute
betwixt the houfes of Brunfwick and Mentz, ever fince wliich this fine
country has been annexed to Lower Hejfe. 8. The

Heffe.]
.
GERMANY,
8. The bailiwick of Zierenberg is noted for its many high hills, as
namely thofe of Dörwi^^r^, Behre?iberg, Schrekknberg, Gudenberg, Valkenberg,
The town of Tjierenberg, in ancient records termed Tyrenberg^ ftands on
an eminence betwixt Dornberg and Behreftberg near the river Warme, over
which it has a bridge of flone. In the year 1538 this town was burnt
down, and alfo fuffered greatly again by fires in the years 1636, 1637, 1639,
1646, 1651 and 1653.
an old caflle.
Scharteiiberg-,
9. The bailiwick of Wolfhagen is included in the diflrid of Diemel,
the river E}-pe, on which it lies, running into the Diejnel.
Wolfhageji, a town {landing on a hill, which has frequently been deftroyed
by fire.
JVeydelberg, near the limits of Waldeck^ once a very ftrong caflle, but long
fince demolilhed.
10. BuRKH ÄSUNGEN VoGTEY, OX ovily Hafungeti, \\^%\Ti Habtchtfwalde,
being compofed of the ancient BenediSline convent of that name, the edifice
of which ftood on a high rocky mountain, as alfo of five villages.
1 1 The following are bailiwicks and eflates, the proprietors of which
are Nobles and States of the country, "ciz.
Burgiijfel, belonging to the family of Uffel.
Defenberg,
Elberberg,
Rlmcrß:aitfen,
to that of Spiegel.
to that of Buttlar.
to that of Mahbiirg.
Efche7iberg, to the fame.
Haueda, to that of Pappenheim.
Helmarßmufen, to the family of Spiegel.
Hof, to thzt of Dal/wig.
Hohenbcrn, to that of Mahbia-g.
Kemperfeld,
to that of Spiegel.
Liebenau, a fmall town bordering on the Paderborn territories to that of
Pappenheitn.
Meimbrejfen, to that of Wolfe ofGiitteiiberg.
Nicderef/itjgen, to that of Mahburg.
Roth-weßen.,
to the family of Calenbcrg.
Schachten, to that of Schachten.
Sieberhaußn, to the family of Mahburg.
Wettefingen, to that of Calenbcrg, and
Wulmerjfen,
to that of Stockhaifen.
IV. The diflridl of Schwalmfluffe, comprehending
The amt or bailiwick of Gudensberg, in which is a high hill of no
great circumference called Langenberg, and near it rifes the river £otj, which
divides this bailiwick into two parts. This amt reaches from Habt chtsivalde
and the amt of Wolß^agen along the bailiwick of Frifzlar belonging to
Vo L. V. H Mejitz,
49

GERMANY. [HefTe.
50
Mentz \ is alfo a part of the Principality of Waldeck to the Eder, confifts of
fpacious and very fruitful levels intermixed with craggy eminences but no
mountains.
Gudensberg, a fmall town, deflroyed by fire in the years 13 12, 1382,
1389, 1586 and 1640. On two high rocks near it once flood two caftles
called the great and little, the leffer of which was the feat of the Gudenfherg
family.
Gdfmar, a village, known fo early as the eighth century, and probably
the place in which Hood the large oak fo grolly perverted to religious worfliip,.
and for that reafon dug up and deftroyed by order of Boniface.
Nicdetißein, a very ancient town, having formerly a caftle on a^
craggy rock.
Metz, a village feated betwixt the little brook o£ Matzc and the river Rhine,.
and fuppofed to be the Mattium, or Mattiaaun, of the ancients, is the principal
place of the Matz-i, or Matti.
Merxhaufen, one of the four high hofpitals of Hejj'e, as they are called, was
originally a convent ; but, in the year 15^38, was appointed by the Land^
grave Philip to be a receptacle for diftrefied and infirm women.
2. The bailiwick of Felsberg lies to the north fide of the river Eder>;
being for the mofi: part a level and fruitful country, has fome woods, and
on the fouth-eafl: fide of the Edcr is hilly. In this bailiwick the rivers of
^chivahn and Edcr join.
Ft'hberg, a fmall town, half of which was burnt down in the year
1640. The commandery of Marburg has a manfion-houfe and farm at
this place. On a high rock near the town fiands the caftle of Felsberg, in
which Philip the Magnanimous was born.
Betwixt the forefi:s of jailer, Beurholz and Harlerberg, on a very high
and craggy rock, ftands Heliinbcrghouk,. now in ruins ; and beneath it, on
a feparate hill near ^tiller foreft, lies the Chartreufe, which was originally a.
nunnery najned Eppenherg ; but the Landgrave Lewis III. on its fequeftration,
rebuilt it under the title of the Karthaus. Afterwards the Landgrave
Maurice fitted it up for his refidence. This place commands the fineft
profpedl in the whole country.
3. The bailiwick of HoMBERG is large and fertile, and has alfo fome
iron works. The Ejze, which iffues from the mountains adjacent to the
amt of Rothenburg, traverfes this bailiwick and joins the Schwalm.
Homberg, furnamed in Hefft\ and the convocatory town of the Schwalm
diftridl, lies on the Ejze. In the year 1536, the Langrave Philip the
Magnanimous united the old and new town here. This place has very
frequently fufiisred by fire, particularly in the years 13 17, 1356, 1372 and
3523, as alfo in 1640, when the Imperiali/ls hurnt it. Here are two Ritierßtze,
ornoblemen's feats. Its cafi;le, which flood on a high and fingle
eminence near the town, was taken by the Imperialißs in the year 1636.J
but being recovered by the Heßans in 1648, was by them deniDlifhed.
Folkenbergy

.
GERMANY.
He/Te.]
Falkenberg, a feat and farm fituate at the foot of the Mofemherg.
Wabem, a village, of which the abbey of St. Peter, at Fritzlar, has
the tythes. In it is a palace with a falconry built by the Landgrave Charles.
4. The bailiwick of Borken confifts of eight villages.
Borken, a fmall town, wholly deftroyed in the year 1469, fufFered alfo
extremely in the thirty years war.
Kiindesburg and Kalbßnirg, formerly ftrong holds of robbers.
Great-Englis, a village, near which Friderich, duke of Brwtfrvic, King
eledl of the Romans, was defeated.
5. The county of Ziegenhayn had its own counts, whofe origin has not
yet been fet in a clear light. In the year 1437, John, co\xntoi Ziegenhayit,
ceded this count)^ together with its appurtenances, as a fief, to Lewis I.
Landgrave of Heje, and received it again as an hereditary male fief, John,
the laft count of Ziegenhayn and Nidda, dying about the middle of the
fifteenth centurj', the family oiHeffe took poffeffion of both counties and of
the marc of Fulda. To the county of Ziegenhayn, exclufive of certain amts
and towns in Upper Heß, belong the following baiUwicks, which lie on
the river Schwalm,
1. The bailiwick of Ziegenhayn.
Ziegenhayn, once the refidence of the counts, but fmall, lies in a morafs
wholly environed by the Schwalm, and was intended to have been made a
regular fortification, but is not compleated. The Landgrave Maurce enlarged
and improved the old feat. In this place are kept the archives of
both the fovereign families of Hejjc, and Cajjel has alfo a flud here.
Frillendorf, a large village, having a court of juftice.
Spiefcappel, a decayed monaftery, betwixt which and Leimsfeld lies
Spiez, which is thought to be the centre of Hcffe, and was formerly the
Diet town. In this place is a watch-tow^er, but without either gate or fteps
and near it is the foreft of Romberg, otherwife called das Lech, as alfo the
Kriegerholz. The ancient cartle here of Landsburg ftands on a mountain by
itfelf near the village of Michelsberg,
2. The bailiwick of Schonstein reaches to the Kelkr, a high mountain
contiguous to the borders of the country of Waldeck.
Treyfa, the principal place of the county ftands high on the river Schtvalm,
over which it has a bridge of ftone. It is one of the towns of receipt, and
feme Diets were formerly held here. In the year 1646 this place was laid
in a(hes by the Imperialijis.
Jefpurg, a large village.
3. The bailiwick of Neukirchen contains
Neukirchen, a fmall town, feated on the rivulet of Gretif.
Ottra and Rolßaufen, both bailiwicks.
Scbwarzenborn, the moft ancient town in this county, was dcflroycd in the
H 2 year
;
5r

52 GERMANY,
-
[Hefle,
year 1636, It lies betwixt Knull and Eifefibcrg, two mountains of a very
extraordinary height.
6. The upper bailiwick of Aula, in which are the high mountains of
Nuel, Eifenberg and Minzenberg.
7. The following bailiwicks and eftates on the river Schwalm, the proprietors
of which are nobles and ftates of the country.
Altenburg, belonging to the family of Boi/icbnrg
Belnkaujen, to thole of Baumbach.
Dillich, to that of Karsbach and Dalwig.
Dittcrßjaufcn.
Haufen, belonging to the barons of Dorhgenberg.
Herzberg, a mountain caftle appertaining to the fame family.
Gilfenhof, belonging to that of Baiimbach.
Immicbenhayn, to the family of Dicde.
Kirchberg, to that of Buttlar of Elberberg.
Lenferfchcid, to that of Baumbach.
Lofzhaufen, to that of Liittcr.
The eftate of Loicenßein, which is about one German mile and half in.
length, lies on the river Sckivalm, and borders on the mountain of Keller^
In it is
Lowe?ißei/!, a caftle, ftanding on a mountain, the original place of the
family of that name.
Gitfa, three feats belonging to the family of Gilfa^
Upper-Urff, belonging to the family of Berkps.
Loiver-Vrff, to that of Urff.
Zweßen.
Lutzeliaich, belonging to the family of Dalwig.
Merzhaiifen,,
Na£m-Erßirty to that
to that of Weiterßoaufen.
of Baumbach.
Neuenßein.
Rked, to that of Meyßmbuge.
Romersberg and Romerßjaußn to that 0? Loivenßein,.
Ropperhauj'en, to that of Baiimbach.
Schrecksbach, to that of Romrod.
Seibert fliaufen,
Wallenßein, to that of Wallenfiein.
to the family of G/^»
Waltersbruck.
Wickerjdorf, belonging to the families of BerJeps and Lcwenfietn;
Willingßjaufen, to the family of Schwerzell.
Zimmerjhda^ to that of Loivefißein.
In

HefTe.] GERMANY,
5
In
UPPER HESSE,
V. 'npHE diflrid fituate on the river Lahn, and forming a part of the
•*"
upper Principality of Marburg.
I. The bailiwick of Marburg is of confiderable extent. The neighbouring
territory of Gladcnbach and Caldej-n aboundr, in flate, and near
Webrßiaufen are found mines of filver, copper and iron. This bailiwick receives
its name from
Marburg-, the capital of Upper Hejfe, and the convocatory town of the
Lahn diflridl, which is alfo a town of receipt and ftands on a hill near the
river Lahn. Above it is a fortified caftle, which was once the refidence of
the Landgrave of Hejfe. In this town is fometimes held the Samihofgericht,
and for fix years the Samt revifions, or appellations gcrichf, alternately with
Giejfen. It is alfo the feat of the fecond regency in HefJ'e-Cajfel and of the
fecond confiftory, as hkewife of a Lutheran fuperintendency and an univerfity
founded there, on the thirtieth of May, 1527, by the Landgrave
Phil'p the Magnajiimous, which was ratified on the lixteenth of y///v, 1541,
by the Emperor Charles Y. and, in the year 1653, endowed by the Landgrave
William VI. with the vogteys of Singlis near Romberg, Nordhaufen near
Ca£el, Fritzlar and Homberg. In this town is alfo an academy for claffical
learning, together with three Proteftant churches, one of which is French j
and the Lutheran church, of St. Elizabeth, in which that faint and feveral of
the Landgraves of HeJfe lie interred. The monument of St. Elizabeth is
plated over with filver gilt, furrounded with a profulion of pearls and other
gems. In this church is alfo to be feen a ftatelyalabafter monument ofAugufius,
Count 'oon der Lippe, who was the firft provincial Lutheran commander.
The German houfe is the refidence of the provincial commander of the
Teutonic order for, Heffe and the commander of Marburg, and near it ftands-
Elizabeth'"^ hofpital, the care of which St. £A'2^7/^rfÄ recommended to the
above order. The provincial commander, by the convention of Caffel, in
the year 1681, is chofen alternately from each of the three religions. To
this commandery belongs the manour of Schwalhcim, at JJpper-Widderßjeimy
in the bailiwick of Stormfeh, as alio the manour of Rodheim, lying both^
within the territories of Darmßadt, together with many other revenues at
different places. The Prince of Heje has alio a fine ftud here. Marburg,
from a village, was raifcd to a town about the beginning of the thirteenth
century. In the years 1261 and 13 19, it was Avholly deftroyed by fire»
In 1529, a folemn but fruitlefs conference was held here betwixt Luther
and Melanthon on one fide, and Zwinge! and Oecolampad on the other.
Towards the clofe of the year 1645, and the beginning of 1646, this town
and caftle were taken after a furious cannonading by the troops of Caffel,
which

;
54-
GERMANY,
[HefTe.
which the Princefs Amelia Elizabeth, at that time regent oi Cajfel, had fent
againft it.
Without the bare-footed gate ftands the beautiful manour of Schwan,
Latin Villa Cygnea, which belongs to the fovereign.
The bailiwick of Caldern, in the village of that name, in which formerly
flood a nunnery of Cißercians, and the revenues of which are at
prefent appropriated to the univerfity o^ Gießen, has a court of its own.
The bailiwick of Reitzberg.
The bailiwick of Lohra, in the extenfive village of the fame name.
The bailiwick of Ebsdorffer, in which formerly flood t\\t premonßratenfian
nunnery oi Hachborn, which John von Schernfihlotz converted into a feat
on whofe death without heirs, in the year 1593,
it devolved to the Landgrave
of Heße.
The bailiwick of Wittelsberg, with the ruined caftle o{ Fraueiiberg,
beneath which lies the village of Bortß.mufen. At Frauenberg is fettled a
community of French Proteftants.
The bailiwick of Great-Seelheim.
2. The prefedurate of Kirchbain. In it is
Kirchbain, a fmall town, lying on the Wohra, with a feat belonging to
the noble family of Winter.
3. The prefedurate of Rauschen berg, formerly belonging to the county
of Ziegenhayn. In it is
Raujchenberg, a fmall town, near which flood a caflle deflroyed in the
year 1646.
Auf der Schwob,
a village inhabited by a colony of French.
4. The prefedlurate of Wetter, its feat at
Wetter, a fmall town, having once an abbey of nobles, the revenues belonging
to which the Landgrave Philip the Magnanirnous applied to the
augmentation of the portions of daughters of ancient noble families. This
place, together with Kauffungen, another fequeflrated abbey, is under the
diredion of four noblemen. In the year 1659,
in
it was almofl wholly deilroyed
by fire.
The old manfion of Melnau, which has lain long fince in ruins.
VI. The following prefedurates are not included in any of the former riverdiflrids,
but accounted feparate ; viz.
1. The prefedurate of Rosenthal. In it
Rosenthal, a fmall town which, in the year 1464, reverted to Heffe from
the archbifliop of Affwte, but, in 1495, was con fumed by fire.
2. The prefedurate of Gem unden on \!^QWohra, formerly belonging to
the county of Ziegenhayn. In it is
Gemunden on the Wohra, a fmall town,
Schiffelbach, a village, containing a feat.
lying in a vale on that river.
3. The prefe£lurate of Frankenberg, in which, in the forefl of ^«/i^r,
was

Heffe.] GERMANY.
55
was once a gold mine. In the year 1590, fome rich veins of filver and
copper were difcovered in it. This foreft alfo yields a lead ore.
Fraiikenbcrg, a town of great antiquity, lying on the Eder^ is
divided into
the old and new town. The former is faid to have been erefted, in the fixth
century, by Thierry, King of the Francs. Charlemaine fortified it againft
the ravages of the Saxons, conferring feveral privileges on it. The new
town is of no longer date than the year 1336, being, in 1556, united under
one magiftrate with the old. This town has frequently fuffered by fire j
namely, in the years 1476, 1557 and 1067, and in every refpedl is greatly
decayed.
St. Georgcnherg, a convent near the town, was fequeftrated, in the year
1567, by the Landgrave Lewis the Elder.
The bailiwick of Geismar, in which is
Wolkerjdorf, a hunting- feat belonging to the Princes, and Lonife?idorf z
town chiefly inhabited by French emigrants.
The bailiwick of Roden au.
The bailiwick of Hessenstein •,
containing
Hejjenßein, a very ancient feat, ftanding on a mountain named Silburg.
Frarikenau,
a fniall town.
4. The prefedlurate of Haina lies betwixt Upper and Loiver-HeJJe y and
the prefedlurate of Wildungen, in the county of M^'aldeck.
Haina is one of the four high hofpitals in Hejfe, and ftands on the
Wohra, formerly having a convent of Cijlercians ; the commencement of
which was at Aulesberg, in the county of Zigenhay», the monks being fent
ihither from the convent of Altenkamp; but, in tlie beginning of the
thirteenth century, were removed to Hegene, or Haina. The Landgrave
Philip the Mag?iaminous, m the year 1527, founded an hofpital in this
town, which, in the year 1553, was confirmed by him, as alfo again ia
1555 by his fons the Landgraves Williain, Lewis and Philip. In it four
hundred poor and fick are well taken care of and maintained. The governors
of this place, who mud: be nobles, being on the fpot, are nominated
alternately by the two Princes of He/fe. To this hofpital belong the villages
of Battenhanfen, D^detihaufen, Hadenberg, Huttenrode, Aiten-Haina, Lolbach,
Kerskart, or Kirjchgart, Elenrode, Halgehaufen, as alfo the villages
of Hauren and Danroda, together with certain farms, tythes and rents ia
feveral villages, and jurifdicftions at Frankenberg, Wildungen, &c.
VII. The following bailiwicks and eftates, the proprietors of which are
nobles and ftates of the country; viz.
Atnenau, belonging to the family of Baumbach.
Burgel, to that of Fleckenbuhl, furnamed Burgel.
Dreys, or Treyfa on the Lumda^ to the family of Michlinge,
Eichmuhl, to that of Worms.
EIkrß:)aufen^ to that of Drachm
Ehihaußtjj,

5^ G E R M A N r, [HefTe,
I
Ekhaiifen, to that of Vultee.
Fiddemuhl on the JVchra, to that of Seyboltfdorf.
Fridelbaufen on the Lahi, to that of Döring.
Gertnerßjaufen, to that of Heideiaoif.
Hatzbach, to that of Knoblauch.
Holzdorf, to that of Rothjman.
Holzhaufen, to that of Rau.
fosbach, to that of Horn.
Netz, to that of Gall.
Niedling, to that of Dernbach.
Nordeck, to that of Rau.
Plaifdorf to that of Winter.
Radenhaufen, to that of Radenhaufen.
Riddenau, to that of Dernbach j and
Schonßatt, to that of Milchlinge.
Schweinsberg, the patrimonial houfe of the Schenken of Schweinsberg,
hereditary cup-bearers of Hejfe. This place Ues on the river Ohm, and near
it is a fmall town, to which, in the year 1332, as alfo to Frankfort, the
Emperor, Lewis of Bavaria, granted municipal privileges. To the Shenk
family belong likewife, on the river Lahn and in the dominions of
HeJfe-CaJJ'el, the following bailiwicks and places ; "jiz.
1. A bailiwick called Das Eigen, comprehending three villages.
2. Fronhausen, likewife a bailiwick.
3. Upper-Weymar,. a bailiwick containing twelve villages.
4. The bailiwick of Weitershausen, including three villages, the two
laft of which are named the Raitzberg.
Treysbach, belonging to the family of Drach.
Virmund, orVirmont, feated on the Et/ifr, the original houfe of the counts
KifVirmont, but now belonging to the Dallnvig family, together with
Wohra, belonging to that of Dall'wig.
2. The Sluart of Loiver-Hefe, and the lower county of Katzenellnbogen^
lying in the polTeflion of the Landgrave of Hejfe-Rheinfels. The Landgrave
Maurice, of HeJJe-CaJfel, on the feventeenth of March, i^zy, refigning
the government to the Landgrave William V. his fon by his firft marriage,
it was ftipulated, that he alone fliould be the ruling Prince over the whole
country; and that, on the other hand, his father's fons, by his fecond marriage,
Ihould come in for a fourth of the prefent and future lands. The right of
primogeniture thus introduced was not only confirmed in the compadt concluded
on the feventeenth of OSlober, ibzy, betwixt the houfes of CaJJ'e
and Darmfladt; but alfo, on the firft of February, 1628, received thefanction
of the Emperor Ferdinand IL On the firfl of September an agreement
was made at Caffel, betwixt the Landgrave William V. and his brothers,
concerning this ^art^ by which the former ceded to the latter, and their
5 male-

HefTe.] G E R M A N T. 57
male-heirs, certain feats, towns, lordfliips, lands, vafTals and farms, with
all their appurtenances, as alfo the fourth part of the taxes of the country ;
and, on the twentieth of February, 1629, enjoined the fubjeds of this
^Mrt to perform to his faid half-brothers the hereditary homage, and all
other fervices due from faithful vafTals to their legal lord. But in this
convention it was likewife flipulated, that, whilft the line of Hejfe-Caß'el
exifted, there fliould be only one fingle government ; and, that to Landgrave
William, as the only Prince and fovereign at that time of the
country, and his lawful male-heirs, purfuant to the right of primogeniture,
every branch and article of the princely dignity and prerogative, in this
^art, thus transferred, fliould belong and remain ; as, namely, the jm
f/jz/rö/irt/f audits appurtenances; the fummoning of Diets; the ifliiing edids;
the grants of fairs and companies, the roads, the mint, the tolls, the
Imperial, provincial, military duties, and thofe on honors, together with
the right of fucceffion, appeals, &c. regarding this fovereignty and the
prerogatives implied thereby. The valTals of this ^art are to perform
homage to the reigning Landgrave of Hejfe-Cajfel, who, for the maintenance
and exercife of thefe powers thus referved, appoints, refervat-commißaries.
The lower county of Katzenellnbogen, as well as the upper county, in
the year 1479, on the deceafe of Philip, the lafl: count, devolved to the
houfe of Hejfe, for Henry IV". Landgrave of He£e, being nominated heir
and fuccefTor by that count, as huiband to his only daughter Anne, on the
death of his father-in-law delayed not to take immediate poffeflion of
the upper and lower county of Katzenellnbogen ; which, to the great difcontent
of the counts of Naffau, who ftrongly claim it, has ever fince been
annexed to the Principality of H'ffe- The landgrave Fhilip the Magnanimous
fetded on his fon, Philip II. the lower county, who dying in the year 1583,
George I. Landgrave of Hejfe-Darmjladt, took polTeflion of the lower
county of Katzenellnbogen. By an agreement entered into on the fourteenth
oi April, 1648, betwixt the houfes of /f#-Cö>/ and Ht^-D^/-Ä7/?ö^/, this
county reverted to the former houfes, and, as the Rothenburg branch, by
virtue of the compaft of the year 1627 and 1628, was entitled to a fourth
part of what thus accrued to the fovereign houfe of H-'ffe, by the compad
_made with HeJJe-Darmßadt ; another convention was entered into on the^
"
fecond of ^«jk/, 1648, betwixt thefe houfes : lieffe-Caffel, with referve of
the fovereignty, ceding hereditarily to the Landgraves Frederick and Ernß
vi Rothenburg thtXowtx cQ\Jiniy oi Katzenellnbogen, of which, on the twentythird
of Decetnber, the Landgrave Erneß took poffeffion according to the
ftipulated divifion. The fubfequent contefls, betwixt William, the five
Landgraves of Heß-Caßl and Ernß, Landgrave of Heffe-Rheinßh, were
adjufted by a convention on the firft of January, 1654, at Ratisbon, and
this convention, confirmed b}' an aft of the Diet in the lame year as a prag-
VoL. V.
I
>"3tical

,
58 GERMANY. [HefTe.
matlcal fandtion, perpetual ordinance and family compadl in the houfe of
HeJe-CaJJel. Laftly, in the year 1754, the two houfes entered into an
Agreement relatively to the right of placing a garrifon in the fortrefs of
Rhcinfels : the right of primogeniture, and fome other articles, the contents
of which are fpecified in the Introdudlion to He£e. Having premifedthefe
particulars I now proceed to give a particular account of
I. The lower ^

Hefie.]
GERMANY.
4. The prefedlurate of Esch wege lies chiefly betwixt the Werra and the
59
lofty mountain of Meifner, comprehending under it twenty villages. In it is
Ejchwege, a town of very great antiquity, and containing a palace, as
alfo two parifh-churches. In the years 1499, ^SSSy ^559> 1593 and
1637, it was confumed by fire. This town was for a confiderable time mortgaged
to John Cajhnir, Prince o^Anhalt. The flone-bridge here lies in a road
which is much frequented.
To this prefedlurate likewife belong the bailiwick of Beilßcm and Ger~
mcroda, the latter of which was formerly a convent.
5. The prefefturate of Ludwigstein, which isfmall and divided by the
rivulet of Geißer, contains
Ludwigßeifi, a caftle, feated on a hill on an elbow of the Werra.
Wigenhmifen, a little town, watered by the Geißer, which at this place
falls into the Werra,
Obf. The towns of Efchivege, IVitzetihaußn, Ailefidorf, as alfo the caftles
of Furße7ijtcin, Arnftein, Wanfried and the fortrefs of Allendorf, belonged
once to the county ofthat name, as this formed a part of the Nordheim
inheritance and the dutchy on the Wcfer. In the year 1264, Albert, duke
of Brunfwick, gave thefe places as a ranfom to Henry, Margrave of Meißen,
by whom he had been taken prifoner. Henry transferred them to
Sophia of Brabant and her fon Henry the Child, by which means it devolved
to the Principality of Heffe.
6. The prefe

6o GERMANY. [Hefle,
prefe£lurdte of Bovenäen belongs to the Eledlor of Briaipiüick. On account
of this lordfliip the Landgrave of Hejfe-Cajfel furniflies the Emperor with
one horfeman, or twelve florins per month, being afleiled to the chamber
at TVctzkr in eight rixdollars, nine kruitzers and three quarters.
Of the ancient caftle oi Plejfa we flill fee fome ruins on a high mountain
beyond Eddigehaufeti. To this lordlliip alfo belongs
Bovenden, a large village, lying on the Leine, which thrives by its
vicinity to the town of Gottingen. This place contains two ennobling
eflates, exclufive of a prefedturate and toU-houfe.
The villages oi Auger fl
ein and Eddigehaufen, in which is a manor belonging
to Count i?t7Vr/7j^;//t7;, together with Upper-BillingP:iaufen, Spambcckzn^
Holzcroda, near the lafl: of which formerly flood a town named Mofebor?!,
In this lordfliip is likewife reputed the conventual prefedlurate of Hockclheim,
lying not far from Nordheim, and being originally a caftle, which,
in the year 1242, was converted into a monaftery for ladies by the three
brothers, Poppo, Gotffchalck and Ludolph, \ovds of Plcifa ; but the revenues
belonging to it were afterwards, by the landgrave JVilUafnthe Wife, affigned
far the relief of clergymen's widows. This place was the burial-place of
the lords of Pleßi.
II. Of the lower county of Katzenellnbogen a map was publillied
by /i3;«^//«'s heirs in the year 1745, which makes the one hundred and
fifth in the Atlas of Germany. This county lies in the Wetterau^
amidft the territories of 'Triers and the Palatinate, Mentz, Najfau, Idßein,.
and that of the four joint-lords. In it are feveral fine woods and mineral
fprings. The principal employment of the inhabitants is agriculture and
the making of wine, and fome places have alfo woollen manufactories. It
has been obferved above that the fovereignty of this county belongs to the
family of Heffe-Cajfel, to which, by virtue thereof, belong alfo the epifcopal
revenues, together with the Imperial, circular and other taxes ; for
the levying of which it has a commifiary.
The whole county is divided into three prefedlurates : namely,
I. The prefefturate of Rheinfels. In it is
S. Goar, commonly called SajiSi Geiver, the capital of the lower countjr
of Katzenellnbogen, and lying on the weft fide of the Rhine, in which, near
this place, is a water-fall. In the town-church is performed the Roman
Catholic fervice. The toll here payable by vefiels paffing on the Rhine
rifes high, and is received in common by the two fovereign families in
HeJJ'e. In the year 1561, the greater part of this town was confumed by
fire.
Near it ftands
Rheinjels, a fortrefs, feated on a high rock, being originally a convent
known by the name of Mattenburg, which, in the year 1245, or 1246,
was converted into a caftle. In 1647, the troops of HeJ[e-CaJ[el made
thenafelves mafters of this place j but, on a compad: made in the year j 648,
reftored

;
HefTe.] GERMANY, 6i
reflored it, together with Katz, to the houfe of Hejfe-Rothenhrg, referving,
however, the privilege of putting a ganifon into it. By virlue of a decree
of the Dyet of Ratisbon, pafled in the year 1654, the right of garrifoninothis
fortrefs was adjudged to the houfe of Heß'e-Rotbenburg alone, but
with a claufe that accefs to it, in unavoidable exigencies relating to the
Empire, fliould, without denial or oppofition, be permitted to the reignin'jlioufe
of Hejfc-Caffel, but without prejudice to the i'zmWy oi Rothenburg and
its garrifon. In the year 1692, this place was gallandy defended by a Heßan
garnfon againfl: the French, who were obliged to raife the fiege thereof j
after which its fortifications were improved. Hejfe-Cafftl continued in
pofleflion of Rheinfeh tili tlie peace of Ryfwick, when it was agreed, that
that Prince, with a refcrvation of its right, fliould deliver it up to the
houfe of Hejfe-Rheififels, which was to provide it with a garrifon of its
own. It was garrifoned, however, by fome companies of Imperialijis till
the breaking out of the war for the Spam'ß} fucceflion, when the Emperor
transferred the garrifoning and defence thereof to the houfe of Heffe-Capl
which fo enlarged and flrengthened it that, in a folemn declaration, the
Landgrave affirms to have expended on it, from the year 1692 to the vear
1716, 1,120,438 rixdoUars. But this fortrefs being, by the peace of Baaden,
in the year 17 14, put on the fame footing as it had been by that of
Ryfwick, the houfe of Hejfe-Cüjel ^n^s obliged, in the year 171 8, to evacuate
it. In 1734, it recovered the pofTeirion of it j and at length, in
1754, the family oi Hcjfe-Rheinjeh formally renounced, in favour oi Heße-
Cajfel, the right of garrifoning this fortrefs, as alfo the quartering of trooos
in the lower county of Katzenelbibogen, and all portion or intereft in the
monthly contributions appropriated for the maintenance of the garrifon.
After a fufpenfion of one hundred and one years, the Proteftants have this
year performed divine fervice in their chapel.
Goarjkaufeny or Geioerßaujen, a fmall town, fituate on the eaft fide of
the Rhine, facing St. Goar. In its church the Lutherans and Proteftants
meet alternately. Near it, on a very high rock, ftands
KatZy or Neu-Katzenellnbogen, a caftle eredled in the year 1393. Thi*
place has fhared
the fame fate with the fortrefs of RJjeinJeh,
2. The prefedurate of Reichenberg. In it
Reichenberg, a caftle, feated on a high rock, which in the thirty years
war was feveral times taken and burned. It is at prefent inhabited by a civil
officer, and the Lutherans perform divine fervice in it.
Naßatt, a large village, near the ilfzt/'/i? in A^c?/?^// heath. In it are fome
farms belonging to nobles, and the three feveral religions enjoy the public
exercile of their religion here. Not far from it, near a mill on the river
Muhle, called Schwaiz, is a mineral fpring.
Gronauy or Grünau, originally a convent of BenediBlneSy flands
on^the rivulet of Claus^ which runs into the Muhle, In the {year 1535,
this

62 GERMANY. [HefTe.
this convent was converted into a hofpital for women by the Landgrave
Philip the Magnanimous^ and is one of the four high hofpitals of M^i?.
3. The prefediurate of Hohenstein: containing
HoJoenJlein, a ruinous caftle, feated on a mountain on the river Aar, and
formerly a place of flrength.
Langenfchivalbach, a large village, not far from the Aar, and divided
into the tfpper and Lower Schivalbach. In the former is a Rotnan Catholic
church, in the latter a Lutheran and Protetlant one. Several Jews alfo refide
here. Its mineral fprings too are famous, but the beft of thefe is the Weinbriinn,
which rifes in a meadow.
Schlangenbad, or Karlßhalerbad, a celebrated medicinal bath in the Electorate
of Mentz. Its waters are cold when drawn, and for common ufe
rnuft: be warmed. The Eledlor of Mentz having a fhare in it keeps a
fleward here.
The fief of Gerolßeiner confifts of a caflle now lying in ruins, a churchvillage
of twelve or fifteen vaflals, the villages of Upper and Lower Fifchbach,
twenty-four hides of land at Pfohl, together with fome tythes and cafualties.
This fief was formerly in the pofleffion of a family to which it gave name >
but in JVilliani, Frederick, and Heidrich of Geroljkin, this line became extinft,
the former dying in the year 156g and the latter in 1573. Hereupon
the fief fell to the Landgrave PhilipW. as proprietor of the lower county of
Katzenellnbogcn, who incorporated it with the demefnes thereof, a fmall part
excepted, which he granted as a fief to the family of Nordeck. When the
lower county of Katzenellnbogcn efcheated to the houfe of Hejc-Rheinfels,
that houfe received the Geroljlein part, which at that time belonged to the
family of Hejj'e-Darmßadt in exchange for its part of the town and prefecturate
of Umßadt.
II. The part belonging to the reigning houfe of Hejfe-Darmßadt .
The reigning houfe of Hejfe-Dar?nßadt, as before obferved in the Introdudtion
to Heße, has two governments ; viz. one at Dann/Iadt and the other
at Gießen.
I. The government of Gießen belongs to the family part of
UPPER HESSE,
Together with the annexed county of Nidda,
and the lordihip of Itte/^.
N the former of thefe lies
I
I. The upper prefedurate of Gi ESSEN.
Gießen, anciently Giezen, or Giezin, is a fortified town on the river
Lahn, having an old caftle and arfenal. In this town, alternately with
Marburg, is held the joint court of appeals. It is likewife the feat of a
regency, a confiftory and a fuperintendcncy, and has alfo an univerfity of
Lutherans

HefTe.] GERMANY, ^ 63
Lutherans founded here on the feventh of OBober, 1607, by the Landgrave
Philip V. and for which, on the nineteenth of May of the fame year,
the Emperor Rodolpb II. granted a charter. This univerfity is poffelTed of
lands and incomes in the towns oi Gießt;n., Gninberg and Alsfeld ; as ahb
at Marbtirg and Kaldem in the territories of Hejfe-Caßl. But the laft of
thefe, Heffe-Cajpl, in the year 1746, notified to the Darmßadt family its
intention of redeeming, for its own univerfity of Marburg, by virtue of
the convention in the year 1648, corroborated by an aä: of Dyet, in
1650 ; and the univerfity of Afflr/^z/r^ having, indue form of law, depofited
42,265 pounds, as the redemption-money, it laid an arreft on the univerfit}'-
lands and incomes belonging toGie/Jeny which were to have been redeemed.
In this town is alfo a clafTical academy and two churches. That Gießen^
fo early as the beginning of the fourteenth century, was a town, appears,
exclufively of other proofs, from an inltrument of Landgrave Otho's, drawn
in the year 1325, granting to the inhabitants of the fuburbs thereof the
fame rights with the townfmen. The fliare which the Palfgraves of Tubingen,
and the lords of Minzenberg had in this town, devolved, on their
extindlion, to the family o( Caßel. In the year 1530, the Landgrave Philip
the Magna/ii/nous caufed the town to be fortified; but, in 1547, it was
difmantled by order of the Emperor. In the year 1560, the works notwithfianding
were repaired, and have fince been enlarged and improved.
Great Linde, a village, having a market, was formerly walled and had a
caftle, which was demoliflied in the year 1248.
Staußenberg, a fmall town, with an old caftle belonging to it, now lying
in ruins.
The bailiwick of Loller, containing four villages.
The bailiwick of Heuchelheim, to which belong five villages.
The bailiwick of Steinbach, confifts of four villages.
Obf Within this prefedlurate lies Schißenberg-houß, with its fi.elds,.
meadows, gardens and woods. It is a commandery belonging to the
Teutotiick order of Heße. To it alfo belongs the manour of JSkuhofy near'
Leygeßern, together with divers revenues at feveral other places.
2. The prefecflurate of Ai.lendorf.
Allendorf, furnamed an der Lumde, was eredled into a town in the year
J 370. This place fuffered extremely by fire in the years 1479, 1603, 1634,
and 1728.
3. The prefedurateof Grunberg.
Gninberg, which (lands on a hill, is of great antiquity having formerly
been a royal 'villa, if not under the Mercvinian Kings at leaft under
thofe of the Carlovinian. In the days of the firft Landgraves oi'Lhuringia
it was a town, which, in the year 1195, was laid in aflies by the troops
oi Mentz. Its decay is owing tO' the fires in 1370 and 1391, thewars, and
particularly that ip the feventeenth century^
Thet

64 GERMANY. [Hefle.
The bailiwick of Grunberg, comprehending alio that of Merlan, has
nineteen places belonging to it.
The bailiwick of Nieder-Ohm, having five places under its four burg»
gcmunde amf, contains feven places.
The village of Burggemunde was formerly called Gemimde an der Strafz,
5. The prefedlurate of Homburg on the Ohm. In it
Homburg on the Ohm, having a caftle flanding on a hill contiguous to
the town walls. In the year 1597 a great part of this place was confumed
by fire, and in 1635, 1641 and 1646 it fuffered by war.
Thirteen villages.
6. The prefeflurate of Alsfeld.
Alsfeld, in ancient records flyled Adehfelt and Ahfeylt, a town of great
antiquity, lying near the river Schwahn, has an old caftle belonging to it,
together with two churches, and is the firft town in Hejfe which received
the confeffion of Augsburg, being formerly more wealthy and populous than
at
prefent.
Altenburg Is a ruinous caftle, feated on a mountain, together with nine
villages.
The bailiwick of Kirdof, containing
Kirdof, a fmall open town.
Lehrbach, Erbefjhaufen, Ober, Kleen, Wahlen, Arnßmn and Bcrnßurg.
Thefe fix places conftitute the bailiwick of Eiefer, of which the Schenks of
Schiveitijlerg are proprietors, who holding half of it as a fief of NaJJatt'^
Saarbriick, the court is held annually, or oftener, in the council-houie of
KIrdorf, in the prefence of the Prince of Ilejfe-Darmßadi'% amtman, oi"
juftice and fteward at Alsfeld.
The prefedurate of Romrod, containing
Romrod, a fmall town, having a caftle.
A hunting-feat and fourteen other places.
The bailiwick of Schwarz, to which belong four villages.
7. The prefecturate of Grebenau contains
Grebenau, a fmall town, its charter no older than the year 160^.
Five villages.
8. Lauterbach, a fmall town, the fuburbs of which belong to the territory
of Riedefil.
9. The prefedlurate of Ulrichstein lies in the Wetterau, and in it begins
a high, long and cold ridge of mountains called the Vogelsberg, Fugalisberg,
or Fickelsberg. In it is
Vlrichßein, a caftle, feated on a mountain, with an open town, to '
which the Emperor Lewis of Bavaria, in the year 1347» granted all the
privileges of the town of Friedberg.
The bailiwick of Bobenhausen, containing the large village of Boben~
häufen, with eight others.
The baiUwickof Felda, confifting of fix villages, 10. The

Heffe.] G E R M A N T. 65
TO. The prefedurate of Schotten lies in the JVetterau.
In it is the fourcc
of the river M^^

66 G E R M A N r. [Heffe.
Berßaft, a large church-village,
15. Peteriveil, a caftle and parochial village one hour and half from
Homburg Vor Der Hohe, both of which belong to Heße-Dannßadt and
Sohns RoJelheim,
but the patronage of the paridi to the latter only.
16. The prtfc(fturate of Roszbacm lies betwixt the towns of Homburg on
Der Hohe and Friedberg. In it is
JJppcr-Rojzbach *, a f'tnall town, of which the Eledlor of Trier was a
part owner till the year 1666.
Loioer-Rofzbdch, a village.
17. The prefedurate of Butzbach in the Butzbach, containing
Butzbach, an old tovv'n feated in a clayey and fwampifli but fertile plain.
In it is a flately feat with a fine parterre. From the counts of Falkenftein
this place defcended to the lords of Epßein, and afterwards to thofe of Katz.eneUnbogen,
Konigßein, znd Solws. In the year 1478, Henry, Landgrave
of Hefe, fucceeded by the death of his father-in-law Philip count of Katzenelinbogen
to a fourth part of Butzbach ; the Konigßein fliare was in the
year 1595 fold to the Landgrave Z/fzw.f and his heirs , in 1623, on the difgrace
of the count of Solms-Braunfels, the Emperor conferred that partTjelonging
to the counts of Solms on the family of Hejfe-Darmfladt, and though
this laft hy ihelTtzXy of JVeßphalia was reftored to the Vioufcof Solms-Braunfels,
yet was it afterwards difpofed of to Hejj'e-Darmßadt, which thus became
fole proprietor of the whole town and prefedurate. It fuffered greatly
by fire in the year 1603.
Munjler, a large village, with five others annexed to it.
Philipfeck, a palace belonging to the Princes of Hejfe-Darmßadt, and
feated on a mountain producing good wine ; was built by the Landgrave
PhilipWl. betwixt the years 1626 and 1628. This palace lies above M/«/?^r,
in the parifli of which it flands.
18. The prefedurate of Kleeberg in the W^efterau belongs to the houfe
cf H'JJe-Darmßadt, and Na/fau-fVeilburg. Hohen-Solms had formerly one
eighth of it, which in the thirty years war devolved to the family of Heffe-
Darmßadt. This fliares the precedence alternately for two years, and
Naßau-Weilburg for one, or are Baumetßers. Each has an officer under
him for holding the prefedurate court, from which an appeal lies to the
Baiimcfßer ; after that both regencies deliberate in concert, whether the
appeal be to be admitted or not, and in the former cafe agree on a fen-r
tence. To this prefedurate belongs
Kkeburg, a village with a ruinous caftle flanding on a mountain ; together
with the viil iges of Upper-Kleen, Brandoberndorj, and Eberfgons,
19. The prefedurate of HuTTENBERG, fituate in thtTFeiterau, was for-
* This place will be rendered for ever memorable by the glorious viflory gained here
ever the French by the immortal King oi Piußki^ on the 5th of November 1757.
1 merly

Heffe.] GERMANY. 67
merly incorporated with Naßau-weilburg, but in the year 1703 detached
itfelf from it.
Hejp--T)armßadt^ having for its own particular fliare LanggonSy KirchgOKS,
Poklgo?is, Jllkndorf, Annerodhaiifen and Leygeftern.
20. The prefedurate of Königsberg in the IVetterau, was in the year
1350, together with Hohen-Solms, fold by Philip Count Sdms to Henry
Landgrave ot Heffcy and till 1629 continued joined with Solms ; but in tliat
year both houfes divided the tempt^ral jurifdiclion amongft them, by which
the prefent prefedlurate of Königsberg devolved to Heß'e-Darmiladt alone,
whilfl the ecclefiaftical affairs continued in common. In the year 1638,
Soltm affumed the community of the ecclefiaftical jurifdiction in the prefefturate
of Königsberg and Htiß'e-Darmßddt referved the like in that of
Hohen-Solms. To it belongs
Königsberg, a little town containing a ruined caflle, with eight villages.
21. Theprefeäiurateof BLANKKNSTEiNjin which are mines of filver, lead,
mercury and vitriol. In it is
Blankenjiein, the manfion-houfe of this prefeclurate, above which formerly
ftood a caftle, which was demollfhed in the year 1646.
Gladenbach, a large village, with twenty-one other villages.
22. The prefe

68 GERMAN T,
[Heire.
i24. The prefedturate of Battenberg. In it
Battenberg-, a very old town on the x\vtxEder, which has frequently fuffered
by fire, particularly in the year 1653, when it was almoft totally deftroyed.
This place was formerly the refidence of the counts of Batteriberg.
Hatzfild, a very ancient but faiall town feated on the Eder, its cafllc
the patrimonial feat of the family of Hatzfeld.
Lcyja, a village, alfo very ancient, and noted for the fignal defeat of the
Saxons there in the year 779 by the Franks. In this country formerly flood.
The Gnu of Ließ, Libe/r, or Lihofi.
Battenfeld.,
and eight other villages.
25. The Lordfliip of Itter lies on the river Eder in the Itfer Gau (the
Pagus Nitberfis, or Nither/es of the ancients) being principally environed by
the territories oi PFaldeck, but in fome parts borders on thofe oiH^ffe-CaJjel.
This lordßiip receives its name from the river Itter, which iffuing from
Enfe, or according to others from Corhach in the country of Weldcck, falls
into the Eder near Herzbaitfen. It is in moft parts mountainous, but yet
not unfruitful ; enjoying alfo plenty of wood, game, {heep, and fiiL, and
having in particular a very profitable copper-mine. The origin of the an-
•
cient Dynajla oi Itter is obfcure. The moft ancient of them yet known is
Folcmar earl oi Itter, who lived about the year 1120. In the 14th century
this lordiliip was divided betwixt the brothers Heynemann III. and Adolphus,
who renewed their alliance with the principality of He£e, and placed them-
.
felves together with their caflles and lord(hips w-holly under the protedion
thereof, in the very fame manner with the caflles and eftates properly belonging
thereto,
by which means they became States and Dennifons of that
Principality.
On the deceafe of Heynemann III. his widow Margaret with her daughter
Cunigiinda, in the year 1357, fold one half of her hufband's part of the
lordihip of Itter to Henry, I>andgrave oi Hejfe, for nine hundred marks of
filver ; and at the fame time made a formal renunciation of that part which
had belonged to her deceafed hufband's brother Adolphus oi Itter ; the other
half of the fhare of Heynemann fhe alfo difpofed of the very fame year for
nine hundred marks of filver to Gerlach archbifliop of Mentz,. The laft
male of the Itter line, and probably a grandfen of the faid Adolphus, was
Erafmus, who died in the year 1443. The Elector oi Mentz did not long
retain his fhare of Itter, mortgaging it in 1359, to Otho count oi Waldeck
and his fon Henry; but the houfe of Waldeck likewife under-mortgaged it
to the Wolfs of Gudenberg, into whofe hands, in the fame manner, came
alfo the Heßian fliare in the year 13B3. Thus they had pofi"ellion of both
parts till the i6th century, when in the year 1542, the fliare belonging to
the Eleclorate of Mentz was redeemed by the counts of Waldeck, and in the
year 1562, that oi HeJfe by its Landgrave. In 1586, the Eledlor oi Mentz
alfo fignified to the counts of Waldeck his intention of redeeming his fhare,
vfhich was accordingly done in the year i j88 j
\
but the Landgrave Lewis of
•
Marburg

Heffe.] G E R M y] N r. 69
Marburg laid down the mortgage money, and thus held, on redemprion, the
Mentz fliare of the lordlhip o^ liter. In the year 1589, he alfo purchafed
for 7000 guilders that p.irt of the lordlhip of which the family of Lowenßein,
and afterwards thofe of Gogi-eben, had been proprietors, which included
the Stenerberg and the village of ///'fr; and in 1590, he bou'^lit-of
the counts of Waldeck for 1600 Spaniß) dollars, or Rhenijh gold guilder?,
one half of the parilh of Eitnelrode, with fome other revenues. Of the fief
of iL'er, which is dependant on Corvt'y abbey, ihe Wolfs o( Guik'iberg, and
the family of Malsburg obtained the reverfion in 1441 ; and on the death
oi Eraf/iius oi Itter lucceeded to the poffelTion, holding it even to this day.
The arms of Itter are a triangular Ihield with a crovvned lion rampant, the
tongue projeding and the tail ereft, the whole being furmounted with aa
open helmet, and having for its crell: a ftag's head.
The lordfhip of Itter at prefent conftitutes a prefedurefliip, to which
belong the following pariilies and places, namely,
1. The parilh of Fo/)/, containing
Vohl, a market-village flanding on the river Afcl or E/t/, being the feat
of the prefecturate, as alfo of a metropolitan. The Landgrave George the
Mediator^ having been appenaged with the lordlhip of Itter, refided in the
feat ereded here in the year 1665.
Bajdorf, Afel or Efel, and Marienhagen, properly Merbenhagen, all villages.
2. The parilli of Obernburg, in v/hich are the remains of the old caftle
of Itter, the original patrimony of the lords of Itter; the village of Thai-
Itter, together with the village of Itter, ftanding both on the river Itter,
as alfo the village ot Obernburg, having formerly a caftle.
Near Itter caftle formerly flood a fortrefs named Steuerburg.
3. The mine-town of Thal-Itter, near the village ofthat name; the
charter of which was beflowed on it by Rrnejl Leivis the Landgrave. This
place has a particular church of its own lately eroded there, together with
a paftor, who is paid by the officers and others belonging to its rich copper
mine. It is alfo a mine-amt of the Prince's.
4. The parifhes of Kirchlotheim, comprehending the villages of Kirchlotheim,
Schmidtlotheim, Altlotheim, Herzßiaufen, Harbßoaufen and Buchenberg,
anciently Buchcmer.
5. The village of Lcwer-Orken, which is incorporated with the parifli of
XJpper-Orken, in the territories of Heße-Cajfel.
6. The parifh of Upperiverbe, in the village of the fame name, lies on
the little
river Werba.
7. The parifli of Horinghaufen is diftind from the former, being wholly
furrounded by the Waldeck lands. It confifts of the village of Horinghaufen,
and a diflrid which is two hours in length. In this village the family of
Wolf have a feat, with fome jurifdidion.
8. The parilli of Eimelrode lies four hours north-wefl from the other
pariflies

70 GERMANY. [Hefle.
parlQies of the lordfhip of Jtter amidft the territories of Wakieck; and
to it belong the villages of Eimelrode or Emmelrode, Hemmighaujen and
Deisfeld.
26. Other bailiwicks and eftates, befides the preceding ones, the owners
of which have a feat among the States. Thefe are the following, namely,
I. That of RiedcJ'el. The noble family of Riedefel of Eijenbacfj holds fomc
bailiwicks under Heffc-Caßl, for which it do€S homage to the Landgrave,
and is reckoned among the number of the States; the inhabitants alfo, in
cafes above thirty guilders, have a right of appeal from their bailiwicks to
the provincial court of Heß. Thefe bailiwicks are,
1. Laiiterbacb cantred, or hundred, bordering on the prefefturate of
Rcmrod, and including
Latilerbach, called dcis Werth, together with fix villages.
2. The bailiwick of Engelrod lying contiguous to the prefedlurate of
Ulncbßein,
containing tw'elve villages.
3. The bailiwick of Upper-Ohm, lying betwixt the prefedturate of U/-
richßein, Burggemunde and Gninherg^ and comprehending fix. villages.
2- The Rabejiau or Londorj Grund, bordering on the amts of Homburg
an der Hohe and Gru?ibetg, and belonging to the Nordeck ofRübenau. This
diflrid contains eight villages.
3. Bujecker vale, lying betwixt the prefeflurates of Giejfe?i, Allendorfy
and Grunberg, forming part of the Solms-lich eftate, and including alfo the
villages of Old-Bujeck, Great-Bujeck, Rorjroth, Reyskirchen, Burkhardffelden,
Albach, Oppenroth, Rodgen and Bevern, with near five hundred
vaflils. This diftrid belongs to the coheirs of Bufeck, which are divided
into the lines oi Bujeck in Bufeck, Mtinch-Bitjeck and Braiid-Bufeck. Nierer
and Gc7i-E?-ben in the vale of Btijeck, together with the other inhabitants and
vaflals, have for fome centuries paft acknowledged the houfe of HeJJe as
their ibvereign, and have punctually performed to it all the fervices due
from vafials to their lords. In the year 1576, in a folemn convention, they
acknowledged the perpetual Ibvereignty of the houfe of Hejfe, and that it
belonged to them by defcent ; and though in 1702 the fubjedls in Bujeckvale
and Middle- Rhine, and in 1704 the nobility laid a complaint before
the aulic council, that the coheirs in Bujeck-'vale had illegally put themfelvcs
under the fovereignty of the houfe of HeJJ'e by virtue of the compaö
in the year j
576, and though the aulic council were for annulling
this compaft, yet on the 19th of 'January 1725, it was enaäeH by the
Jiniperor C/^r/a VI. that for the future the Landgrave of i^j//'t'-Z)i;;7;y/^^/
Hioiild invert the coheirs in Bujeck-vale in the Emperor's name, but that
they fbould be fubjedl to him, and conform to the compacit of 1576.
4. The bailiwick of Frohnhausen, bordering on the prefefturate of
Battenberg, and containing the villages of Frohnhaujin and Upper AJphe.
5. The manors of
Angerody

HefTe.] GERMANY. yr
Angerod, in the prefedlurate of Aldsfeld, belonging to the family of
Noding.
Bips, in the prefedurate of Bingenheim, belonging to that of Nage/.
Burkbardsfeldoiy in Biifcck-valc, belonging to that of Loiverß-Id.
Derf}bach, in the prefefturate of Blankenstein, to that of DcTfibacb.
Elmß.HU/fen, in the prefedlurate of Biedenkopf, to that of Döring.
Gleimcrhayn,
Hermmiftein^
Ke/iricb,
in the prefeftarate of Alsfeld, to that of Schenck.
in the prefedlurate of Konigsber, to that of Schenk.
in the prefedturate of Ulrichstein, to that of Schtmck.
Litfle-Linnen, in the upper prefedurate of Giessen, to that of 5/Wt;'.
Längdibahi and Ziegenberg, in the prefedurate of Butzbach, to that of
Diede.
Ridberod, in the prefedlurateof Homburg an der Ohm, to that of Schenck.
Schnitte, in the prefedurate of Nidda, to that of Schenck.
Storndorf] in the prefedlurate of Ulrichstein, io ih^it of Seebacb.
Trohe, in Bufcck i-ale, to that of 'Trohe.
Winerod, in Bnfeck rale, to that of Munch, and
Vlff,
in the prefedturate of Stormfels to that of Pretlack.
Tlje Princely Houfe o/* H e s s e-H o m b u rg,
PoflefTes in the Wetterau, two miles from Franckfort, and at the foot of
a chain of mountains called the Hohe, the town and prefedlurate of Homburg
vor der Hohe.
This prefedturate in
the year 1622, Lewis V. Landgrave of Heße-Darmßadt
configned to his brother Landgrave Frd-rti^r/c, founder of the prefent
houfe of HeJJe-Hombnrg, and his heirs, together with all its incomes, profits
and eftates, powers and jurlfdidtions of all kinds, in lieu of a yearly penfion
of 20,000 dollars which had been fettled on him in 1606 j the ruling-houfe
ftill referving certain ftipulations, fuch as the attendance of the clergy both in
the prefedturate and town at the general fynod, the examination of them,,
the wine-tax, the toll, and the protection and neceffary confequences
thereof, together with all fecular fiefs, as it had done before in the prefedturate
and town of Homhurg vor der Hohe, and that the houfe of Hejfe-
Homburg, fhouid in the name of the ruling-houfe, levy the imperial and
provincial taxes which have been granted at the Diet, and of which an account
fliall be given to it, caufing them to be paid to the ruling-houfe,
and likewife fhouid colledt the land and woollen duties, and thofe on
liquors, till the rtigning-houfe fhouid fettle on it incomes of an equal
amount. The ruling-houfe has alfb retained the pafTage and quartering of
foldiers, the new military tax, appeals, protedtion, pafs-port?, and other
prerogatives. By virtue of which the fubjedls in this town and prefedturate

72
GERMANY. [HeiTe.
täte are to do homage to the ruling-houfe, which for the fecurity of its
rights, has a refervat-amtman or baihff in the town and prefedturate of
liomburg. In the year 1668 a new compadt was firft concluded, by which,
on the death of a ruling Landgrave oi HeJJ'e-DarmJladt^ the houfe oi Hornburg
was to renew the obligation, but on the deceafe of a Landgrave of
HeJJe-Homburg the fubjeds were to do homage to the new Landgfave, and
at the fame time fwear to the Refervata appertaining to HeJJ'e-Darmßadt.
In the year 1671 George Chrißian, Landgrave oi Homburg, transferred both
the town and prefedurate to Heß-Darmfladt, which, accordingly continued
in poileflion thereof till his death, and that of the Landgrave Wiliiam Chrijhpher
of Bingefibeim, on which, in the year 1681, the town and prefedlurate
of Homburcr were by compadl ceded a fecond time to the Langrave Frederic
IL of Homburg. The year 1707 produced a new convention, in which
the fovereignty of the town and prefedlurate of Homburg were annexed to
lands fliall
the houfe of Darmffadt, but with a claufe that no prejudice fliould be
done thereby to the houfe of Homburg in fuch articles as related to any
branch of the fovereignty which by the decrees were exprefsly granted to it,
and that nothing ihould be tranfaded in oppofition thereto. In the fame
»nftrument Heffe-Darmjtadt declares, that when the reft of the D^rw/?^«//'
wholly or in part be charged with the quartering and maintaining
of Ibldiers ; the prefefturate and town of Homburg fliall, according to
the eftabliflied rule in the other prefedlurates of Darmftadt be chargeable
only with fifteen complete rations ; furthermore, the houfe of Heffe-Homburg
is lord and forefter in the high marc, as alfo in thofe of Seulberg
and Erlingbach. The houfe of HeJJe-Homburg, by founding a new town,
encouraging a fettlement of two French colonies, and eredfing four farms
here, has increafed the inhabitants and revenues of this prefedturate above
one half, all of whom comfortably fupport themfelves by the manufactures
which the above-mentioned induflrious people introduced, and yield
an appearance of commerce and wealth which it never knew before. In it
are the following places, namely,
Homburg vor der Hohe, a town, containing a palace for the Prince's refidence.
The Landgrave Frederic II. likewife added a handfome new town
to it. Both the Lutheraus and Proteflants enjoy the public exercife of their
religion here. The Prince is proprietor of three prefedturates in the territories
of Magdeburg and Halberftadt,
exclufive of other perfonal rights and revenues,
for the management of which a branch of the Prince's chancery is
appropriated. In the year 172 1, an alms and orphan-houfe were eredled in
the new town, by order of the Landgrave Frederick James. Not far from
the town, along the road to Brauvfels on the Hohe, are feen feveral very deep
trenches, and particularly one place furrounded by them which is called
Saalbiirg.
The villages of Seulberg, Koppern, Gunzenheim and Upper-Stcde/i.
Friik-

HdTe.] GERMANY. n
Friderichfdorf diWi Dornholzhauferi, colonies oi French refugees.
II. Under the regency of DarmftaJt is
The upper county oiKatzetiellnbogcfi, together with part of the lordfliip
of Epftein.
The upper county of Katzenellnbogen borders on the Rhine, the Mayn,
the Palatinate and Mentz, as alfo on the counties of Tfenburg and Erbacb.
In it Hes a part of the mountainous road of Odenivald, and Bannforjt at
Dreyeicb, p. 89. With refpeä: to the latter, it is to be obferved that the
counts of Kafzenellnbogen, fo early as the year 1265, had claimed the privilege
of hunting in the imperial foreft of Dreyeich, but on an arbitration it
was given againft them in favour of the houfe of Fa/h'nftein, and thus it
continued till the i6th century, when the upper county of KafzeneUnhogen
devolving to the houfe of H'jft-, and the prefedlurate of Keljterbach
being likewife fold to it in the year 1642, the count of Yfenburg receded
from the privilege of hunting in the ttrniontz of HeJJe-Dannficidt, but retained
the fees which in this upper county of Katxenelhibogen had ever been
levied by the lords of the hunting-lands of Dreyeichen, and are llill paid by
fuch places belonging to Hejfe-Darmftadt as lie within the hunting precinfts,
and even by the town of Darmftadt itfelf.
This county abounds in corn, wine, almonds and cheftnuts ; how it fell
to the houfe of Hejfe has been fliewn above. It includes
1. The ^rcfcö.\ir2it.Qof Dar7nftadt, confiding of three cantreds.
In the firft
cantred lies,
Dar-mjtadt^ a town feated on a river of the fame name, in a fruitful and
pleafant country. This place was not only chofen for the refidence of the
former counts of Katzenellnbogen, but alfo by George I. Landgrave of Heffe^
and his lucceffbrs ; and gives name to the branch of the Heffian houfe, to
whom it belongs. The landgrave George I. ereclcd a new palace here, which
was enlarged by the Landgrave George II. in 1629, and other additions and
repairs made to it in the year 1664 by the Landgrave Leivis VI. Landgrave
Erne/i Lewis began a very ftately palace here, but this has not yet been
completed. In the town is a regency, a court of appeals, a confiftory, a criminal
court, and a grammar-fchool. It contains alfo a church, which is
the burial-place of the princely family. In the year 1330, WilHafn IV.
count of Katzenellnbogen, by permiffion of the Emperor Lfw/'^ of 5(7^^^/^,
fortified Darmftadt with a wall ; and the Landgraves Le-wis V. and VI.
added new fuburbs to it, near which is alfo an orphan-houfe.
Bejfitngen, a village.
2. To thefecond cantred, which lies on the Btrgßrafze, belongs
Eberffaff, a large village feated on the Bergf'trajze.
Ffungjtadt, and eight other villages.
3. To the third cantred belongs ftvtn villages, namelv, Arbeiligen.,
Braimßard, &c. K)-anicbßein, Gehborn, and Sensfeld,
Vol. A^ L 2. The

74 GERMANY, [Heffe.
2. The prefedlurate of Kelsterba.ch joins to the M^iyn. In the year
1600, Count Henry of IJhiburg fold this prefeflurate for 356,177
the houfe of Heffe-Darmjladt. To it belongs
florins to
Kcljhrbach, or Keltenbach, a village and caflle fcatcd on the river Mayn.,
Langen, a large village, in Vv'hich was formerly held, in the month
of May, before the church, the annual court of venery, as it is now at
Vreyeci.
The villages of Egelsbach, Mörfelden, Wolfsgarten and Walldorf.
3. The prefedlurate of Russelsheim lies on the Mayn and Rhine. In
it is the tract uf land called ///; Ried, as alfo the Geraver land, in Latin
Pagum Gerau. To it belongs
Ruß'elljheim, a large village, containing a caflle, which flands on the
river Mayn. In the year 1534, this place was confumed with fire; and,
in 1689, fufFered the like calamity from the French.
Freyßatt, a new town, feated on the Rhine, not far from Bifchofß.eim,
and built by the Landgrave Leivis in the year 1745. Among other privileges
this place has an afylum for debtors, and the three religions are
tolerated in their public worfliip here.
Great-Gerau, a fmall town, the charter of which was, in the year 1398,
granted by the Emperor Weneßans. This place is the feat of the hundred
court.
T'rebur, in Latin Triburium and Triburia, a large village, formerly containing
a magnificent royal palace. Under the Carlcüinian Kings fome
Diets and councils were held here.
Nanhcim, Batijchbeim, or Konigsfledten, and eight other villages, together
with Rhinfelder, Kellerey, and two farms.
4. The prefedlurate of DoRNBERG, containing
Dornberg, a large village, with a feat ; by the chapter of Wurzburg included
in the county oi Befzingen, on which, in the year 10 13, it was conferred
by Henry II. This place was anciently a fief oi Henneberg ; but, in
the year 1521, the enfeoffment thereof was ceded to Hejje.
Dornheim and Leheim, two large villages.
Ehrfilden, near which, in the year 1632, Gußavus Adolphus, King of
Siveden, caufed a pillar of free-ftone, fifty-fix feet in height, to be ereded,
crowned with a lion-rampant on top.
Hojheim, one of the four high-hofpitals of Hejfe, founded in the
year 1553, by the Landgrave Philip the Magnanimous, for poor and infirm
women.
Stockßadt on the Rhine, and other places.
Grebenbruch, Lußhaufen and Wajferbiblis, all manors belonging to the
family of Kronberg.
Benßeimer, Hainer and Riedhaufen, manors belonging to the convent of
Erbacb in the Rheingau.
5. The

HefTe.] GERMANY. ,
5. The prefecflurate of Jagersburg, in which lies
yagenburg, a feat of the Princes, and four other villages.
57
6. The prefedturate of Zwingenberg lies on the Bergßrcifzr, in''it is
the celebrated mountain of MaJches^ in Latin Mclibocus, which is one of the
higheft in all Germany. It is a received opinion that from the name of this
mountain and the Catti, who dwelt on it, that is from the Catti Meliboci
and Cattimelibocia, the name of Kat'zenellnbogeii has by gradual corruption
been derived. This prefedlurate confifts of two cantreds, or hundreds.
1. To the firft belongs
Ziaingenberg, a town, (ituate on the Berg-ftrafze. In this place originally
ftüod a caftle, to which, in the thirteenth century, was added a church
and foon after, namely, in the year 1273, the Emperor Radolph I. built a
privileged town here. In 1693 the greateft part of this place was deftroyed
by the French, but again rebuilt to advantage.
The villages of Auerbach, Bedenkirchen and Hochftatten, together witk
Auerberg, a ruined caftle.
2. In the fecond hundred are twelve villages ; namely, Ahbach, Malchen,
&c. Bickenbach and Ji/gejiheim belong in common to Hejfe-Darmftadt and
Erbach. -: ,-
7. The prefedurate of Licht'enberg contains thirteen places ; viz.
Lichtenberg, a caftle lying in ruins on a hill near Odenivalde.
Reinheim, a town, feated on the river Gernfprenz.
Ernfihofen, Uberau and Uppcr-Ramjtadt, three large villages.
Georgerihaiifz,
a village belonging to the family of Harthaufen.
Frankenftein, Vif5x Frankenhaufen, a ruined caftle, ftandinghigh, and the
original houfe of the noble family of that name.
%. The gemeinfhaft, ov commim'ity, oiUmftadf, in the Odenwalde, confifts
of fixteen places, being poffelTed by He/fe-Darm/iadf and the Eleftor-Palatine.
HeJ/e-CaJf'l fovmedy had alio a (hare in it ; but, in the year 1708,
this was transferred to Hejfe-Darmjtadt. In it is
Great-Vmftadt, a very ancient town, but formerly larger than at prefent.
Near it ftands the village of Klein-Umffadt.
Bremsbach,
Lcwer-Keinjpach and other villages.
9. The lordfliip of Epftein, belonging to Heß'e-Darmßad, lies, at no
great diftance from the conflux of the Rhitie and Mayn, being feated amidft
the territories of Mentz. This diftridl: abounds in grain, wine and wood,
Godfrey Yl\. lord of Epftein and Munzenberg, and count of D/V/s;, in the
fifteenth century, fold one half both of the lordftlip and town to the Landgrave
William of Heffe.
Epftein, a fmall town, with a feat, of which the Elector of Mentz is
a half proprietor, in the year 13 18, was railed to a town by Leivis
of Bavaria.
The four foreft-villages of Langenlyain, Lorsbach, MajJ'enheitn and JVallau.
L 2
DclkenheiW}
;

„6 GERMANY. [Heffe.
De!kenheim, or Telkenheim, a market-town, created iuch, in the year
1320, by the Emperor Lenois.
Dicdetibergen, ISfordcnJtadt, and feven other villages, with fome detached
manours.
10. The prefeäurate of Branbach and the parifli of Katzenellnboge?i,
belong properly to the lower county of Katzenellnbogm-, and on the extinction
of the male-line of the counts thereof, devolved, as did alfo the whole
county, to the houfe of Hejj'e. The Landgrave Philip the Magnanimous
fettled it, together with the lower county of Katzenellnbogen, on his fon
Philip ; and, at his deceafe, the pariili of Katzenellnbogen, as at that time
belonging to the prefe(5lurate of Ilohenjiein., fell to the Landgrave Lewis of
Hcße-Cajjel ; P/j/Z^^s widow remaining in pofleflion of the prefeöurate of
Braubach. This lady hkewife dying, Maurice.^ Landgrave of Hejfe-Cajfely
acquired, by inheritance and exchange, two thirds of that prefedturate, and
j^eJfe-Darmftadt^ ßmply by inheritance, one third. By virtue of a compadl
made in the year 1627, the houfe of Darmfiadt acquired the whole lower
county of Katzenellnbogen, together with the prefeöurate of Braumbach and
the parilh of Katzenellnbogen. The laft of thefe, in the year 1643, being
affigned by the Landgrave George as a mortgage to his brother "Job?! for a debt
of 40,000 rixdollars. In 1648, by a new convention, Hefe-Cajfel ohtamcd
the lower connty o( Katzenellnbogen and the prefeäurate oi Braubach, exc\\x^i\Q
of the Callel part and the parifh oi' Katzenelhibogen : It was likewifeftipulated
that the prefedurate o( Braubach and the parifli oi Katzenelhibogen fhould,
on the deceafe of the Landgrave John, and his male heirs, return without
any oppofition, either by word or deed, to the Cajfel line, who, on the
other hand, was at its option to reftore what it enjoyed at that time in lieu
of them, and to liquidate all debts, mortgages and affignments of the Landgrave
George, which were payable out of it. Thus Hejfe-Darmßadt , together
with a third which was before in its hands, arrived likewife to the
pofleffion of the two thirds of the prefedturate of Braubach belonging to
Hejj'c-Cajfel, as alfo of the whole parifli of Katzenellnbogen. In the year 1 747,
Heffe-Caffel was for recovering the faid two thirds of the prefeöurate of
Branbach and the parifh oi Katzenelhibogeji ; but HeJfe-Darmßadt maintained
that all right to fuch an exchange was legally expired by prefcription j and
thus the matter ended. In it is
1. The town and prefeöurate of Braubach.
Braubach, a town, feated on the Rhine, in the year 1288, received a
charter, equal to that of the town of Oppenheim, from the Emperor Rodolph.
In a vale running along the Rhirie is the feat of Philipsburg, which
was ereöed about the year 1568 by the Landgrave Philip the lounger, on a
rock yielding mines of copper and filver. Above the city ftands the caftle
of Marxbiir^. In its neighbourhood are likewife fome mineral fprings, the
mofl noted of which is the Dinkholder.
The

GERMANY.
The vWhges of Dacbfenbauft'7! znd Gemmerich, together with the manours
Hersfdd.]
of Hinderwald and Falkenborn.
Efnst a large village, more than once confumed by fire, is faid formeHy
to have enjoyed municipal privileges. Near it are the celebrated baths of
Ems, two of which belong to Hejfe-Darmßadt znd. three to Naffau-Dietz.
Each of thefe proprietors have a handfome houfe near them, exclufive of
other private buildings.
Kammenau, or Ketmiau,
Najjdu-Dielz.
a village belonging both to Heffe-Darmßadf and
2. In the paridi of Katzenellnbogen\%
Old-Kafz.enellnbogen, a market-village, having a caftle, feated on a mountain
and being the patrimonial houfe of the ancient counts of Katzenellnbogen.
In its neighbourhood are fome mines of iron.
The villages of Khtgelbach, Allendorf, Ebertß:ai/Jen, Schonborn, Upper-
Mittel and Loiih'r-Fisbach, as alfo Giidenacker on the river Lahn,
Obf. Hejj'e-Darwßadt poffefles a part of feveral villages belonging to the
Vierherrifchen Gebiets, orfour-lcrds-diflri&s, which lie in the lower county
of Katzenellnbogen.
Obf. That to the houfe of Hejfe-Darmßadt belong, at and in the Imperial
city of Wetzlar, the patronage and protecftion, the toll and right to
Carlfmimd, or Calfchmitt-houfe, as has been fhewn at large, from ancient
records, in a refpedlful memorial addrefled to his Imperial Majefty. Heße-
Darmßadt is alfo patron of the village of Freyenfeen, near Grunberg ; in the
territory of Solms-Laubach, enjoys the tolls and patronage, and holds feveral
courts in the village of Melbach, which lies two hours from Friedberg and
Bingenheim, and, in coniundion with Solms-Bra2mfels, appoints a judge, who
twice a year holds a court-leet at the parfonage. To it alfo belongs the
fovereignty of Florflatt with feveral other prerogatives.
77
HERS
The Principality
FELD.
of
"PARTICULAR maps of the Principality of Hersfeldhzve been pub-
* lifhed by Bleau, Jatiß'on, Waesberg, Schenk and Valk. This diftricl
borders on Upper and Lon£er Heße. The diocefe of Fulda in it lies along
the river Fulda, which improves the natural, fertility of its foil. The
names of Herolfelde, Herohesfelde, Hervcld on Herocampia, by which we
find it anciently called, fhew the appellation of Hersfeld, now univerfally
faid to be more proper than Hirchfeld, which obtains alfo, with
fome

^S GERMANY. [Hersfeld.
ibme perfons though wit^iout any grounds. It was originally an Imperial
abbey of Be?iediBines, four.ded in the year 736 and largely endowed by
Fipin and Cbarlemain, King3 of the Franks. In the year 1370, the Landgrave
Hermann, of Heffe, took the town of Hersfeld under his protedion.
In the year 141 5, the Landgrave Lewis II. made an agreement for it and
other articles ; and, in 142 1, on fome fchemes of the abbot for curtailing
its privileges, illued forth a warrant of protedion for it, difpatching alfo,
at the fame time, to the abbot a letter full of reproaches and menaces.
In the year 1525, this place did homage to the Landgrave Philip. In
1606, Ötho, eldeft fon to the Landgrave Maurice, was eleded adminiftrator
of the abbey, in which honour he was fucceeded by the Landgrave
IVtUiain V. Laftly, at the treaty of Weftphalia, the town and abbey of
Hersfeld, with all its appurtenances, both ecclefiaftical and fecular, and
cither within or without the diftrid ; as, namely, the priory of Gellingen, for
inftance, was transfeired to the honie ai Hejfe-Caßel as an hereditary temporal
Principality and Imperial fief ; ever fince which that houfe has inferted it
in its arms and titles. By virtue alfo of this ceffion, the houfe of Hejfe-
Caffel, in the year 1654, took feat and voted in the college of Princes;
and, by means of this Principality, is likewife entitled to the like privileges
in the Diet of the Circle of the Upper-Rhine. His contingency for it to the
Empire is two horfe and nine foot, or fixty florins. This Principality, as
incorporated with Heß'e, is included in the diftrid oi Fulda; Hersfeld being
its convocatory town. It confifls of the following prefedurefhips and
places ;
viz.
Hersfeld, the capital of the Principality and lying on the Fulda, and
containing a palace, a cathedral, a town-church, a gymnafmm and a
wealthy hofpital.
Eichen, or Eicbhf Bingarten, and Hattenbach, two feats with manours
belonging to the Prince.
The bailiwicks and priories of Johannesberg, feated on the Haiin,
Petersberg and Blankenheim, the laft of which ftands near the Fulda
betwixt Hcrsfeld and Rothenburg, but both the other on hills in the neigh- ^
bourhood of the town of Hersfeld.
The bailiwicks of the diffolved deanery, together with l'a>tn and Rchrbach.
The prefedurate of Lower-Aula, which is the largefl in all this
Principality.
The prefedurate of Geysz.
The prefedurate of Landeck, fo called from an ancient caftle which
alfo gave name to the adjacent foreft o{ Landeckerberg, is likewife one of
the largeft and its produce anfvverable to its extent, containing, befides
other places,
Schlenklengsfeld,
a very confiderable village.
The prefedurate of Kreutzberg, in which is
Kreutzberg^

Hersfeld.]
GERMANY,
Kreutzberg, a brge village, feated on the Werra. Near it ftands
Philipßhal^ which is the refidentiary leat of an appenage branch of
Hciffe-Cajpl. On its fide too formerly flood the convent of KrnttzherT,
which having been conferred by the Landgrave Charles on his brother
Philip, he rebuilt it in its prefent form and gave it his naine.
The prefetlurate of Frauensee, on the other fide of the IVerra, and
which is but fmall. This prefe(fturate was formerly a convent belonging- to
the biilioprick of Hersfeld; but afterwards one half of it defcended, bv
virtue of a mortgage, to the houfe of He£'e, which obtained the other half
by the treaty of Weßphalia. The maniion-houfe here ftands on a natural
dam betwixt two large lakes.
Gellingen, once a priory, lies together with the prefecflurate of Franken^
havjen, in Thuringia, being a fief belonging to Schwarzburg-rudelßadts.
Schildjchbg,
a feudal bailiwick for Bucheiuiu.
Obf. The parifli of CT/Astw;, in the infpetlion oi Langen-Salza, in Titiringia,
is a üef of Hersjcld ; and for this reai'on the paftor, on his collation,
mufl: make his appearance before the confiflory at Cajfel.
The county of Sponheim, or Spanheim, lying betwixt the Rhi?ie and the
Mofel, in the countries formerly called Nohgau ; Hiinßrucl, Trachgau
and Bedgau was anciently divided into the hither and farther, the former of
which properly bears the name of Sponheim and belonged to Eajl-Franconia-,.
but the latter, which is alfo called the county of Starkenburg, to Wejlern-
Franconia, or H'eß-Rich.
§. 2. The firft count of Sponheim, known with any degree of certaintv,
was Ekrhard; who, in the year 1044, founded a church on the mountain
of Feldberg, not fzx from Krenfznach, and lived till the year 1065. He ftvled
himfelf Count of Naumburg; from a caftle ofthat name belongin"; to him.
Count Stephen of Sponheim, who converted the church of Sponheim into a
convent, was probably his fon ; and Megenhard, or Meinhard, Stephen's
fon, continued the Sponheim line ; and having completed the convent there,
made an order, that the eldeft of his fons, and, on his death, the elded of
his iffue, who was alfo lord of Kreufznach, fliould be patron and ticafurer
of the convent. His eldeft fon, Count Godfrey, fucceeded to the county
appenaged to his brother Crafto, together with the caftle of Koppenftei?i and
its dependencies ; but thefe afterwards became a part of the convent of Sponheim,
Crafto being abbot thereof. It is not improbable that Count Eberhard
was fon to this Godfrey, and that he had for his fons tlae Counts Gerlach
and Simon ; as, alfo, that this Simon was father to Count john of
Sponheim and Starkenbia-g ; though all this ftands in need of further enquiry
and confirmation. Thus far, however, is certain, that the faid Count 'John
was the founder of all the fucceeding counts ; he was hkewife proprietor of
the hither and farther county, and refided at the caftle of Starkenburg on
the MoJeU His fpoufe, Adelkaida^ was fifter to He^iry^ the fecond count of
Sayn^
T.

8o GERMANY. [Hesrfeld.
Sayn, who appointed his four fons heirs to his territories. Thefe brothers
agreed on a partition. 'John 11. the eldeft, obtained the caftles of
Starkenburg and Ellenbach, or Allenbach, together with Wendich, IVinningen
and Truize, as alfo the caftles of Sponheim and Dill; that is, about one third
part of Sponheim: and, of the Sayn inheritance, the county of Sayn and other
territories. On his firft born fon, Godfrey, he conferred the county of
Sayn, and he was the founder of all the fubfequent counts of Sayn and
Witgenjiein. His fecond fon, Henry, continued the Starkenbiirg line of
the houfe of Sponheim. Henry, brother to Jchn II. obtained the lordlliip
oi Heinsberg ; and äVäo« II. the other brother, xhe\or

Hersfeia.] GERMAN
T.
8i
the Eledorate to his elded fon Frederick V. fettling on his other fon,
Leivis Philip, the territories of Simmern and Laufern, with three fifths of
the hither county of Spcnheim ; but his fon and fuccelfor, the Eledor
Charles Lewis, receded from this partition, and, by a compa

82 G E R M A N r. [Hersfeld.
On a hill near the old town ftands the caftle of Kautzenberg, which was
demolilhed by the French in the year 1689.
About half an hour from the town, up the river Nr.he, at the entrance of
a moft delicious valley, are the Eledor's two new fait- works. That on the
left going up the river, and built in the year 1729, is called the Karlß:a!le ;
but the other, which was founded in the year 1743, and cdilhd Tbecciores
halle, lies to the right, being much the largefl:.
Langenkbujheim and Upper- Hilbcrß:eini, villages.
Spanheim, or Sponheim, a large village containing a feat. Near it is alfo
the Benedi6line abbey of St. Martin, to which it gave name, which was
begun by Count Stephen in the year 1 101, and finiflied by his fon Megenhard
in 1123, at which time it was alfo confecrated.
Dißbodejiberg, a convent feated at the influx of the Glafi into the Nahe,
where, in 154 1, an agreement was concluded betwixt John, duke of Simmem,
and Duke Rupert, as guardian to Wolfgang, duke of Deuxponts.
Obf Neu-Baumberg, Schottberg, Dalberg and Sohheim, once belonging
to the upper prefedturate of Kreutznach, were made over to Mentz by the
Elcdior-palatine in the year 17 15.
2. The Prince of Baaden-Baaden two fifths ; for which, and one half of
the hither county, he is affefl^ed in the matricula in fix horfe and twenty
foot, or one hundred and fifty-two florins, having alfo a particular vote in
the Diets of the Circle of the Upper-Rhine. In thefe two fifths are
1. The upper prefeöurate of Kirch berg, lying on the Hunfrnck.
Kirchberg, a fmall town, with a cafl:le, had anciently counts of its own,
but fo early as the thirteenth century has been in the poflefiion of the houfe
of Sponheim.
Denfen, the ancient Dumttijfum.
2. Theprefedlurateof Sprendlingen.
3. The prefefturate of Naumburg, formerly called Neuenbürg en the
Nahe. The caftle of that name was the refidence of Count Eberhard of
Sponheim, who alfo borrowed his title from thence.
II. Of the farther county the Palfgrave of Deux-ponts Birkenfeld poffefles
half, for which he is taxed in the matricula at two and a half horfe
and eight foot, or fixty-two florins ; the other half belonging to Baaden-
Baaden. In this part are,
1. The prefedturate of Birkenfeld, containing
Birkenfeld, a town. The duke of Deux-ponts, on his acqulfition of half
of the county of Sponheim, made this his place of refidence, bearing it alfo
in his title.
2. The prefeöurate of Allenbach or Ellenbach, l)dng betwixt the
rivers Nahe and Glans. ,
3. The prefedurate of Winterburg, lying not far from Sponheim,
and formerly belonging to the Kreutznach line 4. The

Nomeny.] GERMANY, 83
4. The prefecfturate of Erstein or Horstein, together with a town
of the fame name.
5. The prefedurate of Koppenßein, fituate on the river Simmern, and
once conftituting a part of the hither county.
6. £)/'//, a half prefeäurate feated on the river B'lbcr, and formerly in
the pofTellion of the Kreutznach line.
7. The prefedturate of Kastei.aun, in which is a caftle of the fame
name, belonged at firft alfo to the Kreutznach line.
•
8. Trarbach, anciently Tranerbach, a town lying on the Mofel, and forming
a joint prefedlurate.
The parilh-church here is common both to Roman
catholics and Lutherans. In it is alfo a Lutheran gymnajium. This town is
a fief of Tr/Vr, and was once a good fortification, which was further defended
by Grevenburg fort. In the year 1703, it was taken by the allies,
and in 1704, both the town and fort; but in 1734, the French vndkÄng
themfelves mafters of them, the town was difmantled and the fort demolilhed.
Its neighbourhood is a fine wine country.
Oppofite the town, on the other fide of the Mofel, France, after the treaty
of Nimeguen, eredred a fort called Montroyal ; but the demolition of it was
made an article of the peace of Ryfwick.
9. Starkenburg, a caftle feated on the Mofel, and formerly a reudence of
the counts of Sponheim.
10. Emkirch, a large village landing on the Mofel, and a fief of the
Eledor-palatine's.
11. 'Traben, a church village fituate on the Mofel.
12. JVolf, a convent and village on the Mofel.
13. Crover or Crever, otherwife Retch, i. e.
'
a kingdom or empire," is
fo called as belonging formerly to the Kings of the Romans and Emperors
only. This difirift confifiis of fix villages, which are Crave, Reyhel, Kinheim,
Erden, Kinderbeuren and Befigel. It belongs in common to the Palfgrave of
Birkenfeld and Baaden-Baaden, but chiefly to the former. The Eleäior of
Jners has alfo a (hare in
it.
The
Margravate of
N O M E N r,
T I E S in the dutchy of Loraine, and in the years 1735 and 1736 was
"*^ ceded, together with that dutchy to France, notwithftanding which
Francis Stephen, the late duke of Loraine, and now Emperor, retains in
quality of Margrave of Nomeny, his feat and vote in the imperial Diet, as
alfo in that of the circle of the Upper Rhine, as a perfonal privilege. In the
I\I 2 acts

g^ GERMANY, [Salm.
ads and mafriculas of the Empire all Loraine, without any exception, is
included in the Circle of the Upper Rhine ; but it is only on account of the
Margravate of Nomeny that he is a member of the college of Princes and
the Diet of the upper Circle of the Rhine, and that he pays the ftipulated
ium of IÖOO florins. Since the ceffion, however, of this Margravate to
France all payments on account thereof, due either to the Empire, Circle or
Chamber at Wetzlar have been difcontinued.
LI
T'he
Principality and County of
S A L M,
E S on the Wafgau mountains betwixt Loraine and Lower-AIface, and
in contradiftindion to the lower county of Salm, within the dutchy of
Luxemburg, is alfo called the upper county of Salm. "John and Simon,
fons to 'John., count of Salm, divided the ancient county oi Salm into two
equal portions. Paul, the lalT: male defcendant of the former left a daughter
named Chrißina, who, on her marriage with Francis of Loraine, count of
Vaudemont, brought him one half of the county of 5'^/;w, together with other
eflates of her father's. "Jobannetta, only daughter and heirefs to the beforementioned
Count Simon, in the year 1459 annexed one half of the county
to her hufband, John Wild and Rhinegrave, from whom was defcended
the Wild and Rhinegrave Philip Otho, count of Salm. Ncufuille, who in
the year 1623 was raifed to be a Prince of the Empire. His fon Leopold
Philip, Charles Wild and Rhingrave, together with other Princes of
Salm, lord oi Vinßingen and Anholt, was in 1654 admitted into the college
of Princes. His fon Charles Thierry Otho, Prince of Salm, in the year 1668,
obtained from the direftory of the Circle of the Upper-Rhine at Worms, a
teftimonial that the princely county of Salm (for fo it is termed in the
Prince's petition and the teftimonial of the diredory) was and fliould continue
an immediate imperial county and member of the Circle of the Upper-
Rhine. In his fon Lewis Otho became extind the ancient line of the
Princes oi Salm, on which John Philip Domifiic, Jofeph Albert, his brother,
Philip °JoJep>h and Nicholas Leopold, fons to his father's brother, and all
great
grandfoi)ß to Frederic the Great, founder of the Flemijh collateral line of
that o^ Sahn, agreed in a partition of the lands and titles oi Salm. The laft
line was named the Hoogßrat or Salm zu Salm, and the two former the
Lcutz-Lces ot Salm-KJrburg. Thefe two lines, in the year 1743, divided
the lands which had devolved to them into two equal fhares, voting alternately
in the Diet as Prince of Salm. Its afTeffment in the imperial matriiula
is two horfe and four foot, or forty florins ^er month ; and to the
4 chamber

;
NafTaii.] GERMANY.
85
chamber at Wetzlar it pays twenty rthler. twenty-five kruitzers and onefourth;
but this taxation is not as yet adjufted.
In the county of Salm are the following places,
Salm^ a large village, having a caftle near it.
-oiz.
XJnJere Fran Zum, a pilgrimage feated on a hill near a lake, where the
river Saar has its
Breufcb,
a village.
fource.
Blefa, Gefell, Guthrwin or Saß, together with one half of Wagenhach
and of Steinthal and Deiäfch Rumpach one third.
Exclufive of this county, the Prince of Sah?i is proprietor of the lordfliips
of Nefville or Neuiviller, on the Saar ; Og'viUer, as alfo of Pouligny
and Bayon.
One half of the lordfhip of Vinftingen or Finjtingne (not Vhiftringa, in
French called Feneftrangc, lying on the Saar) devolved to the Wild and
Rhinegraves by "Johanna daughter of Nicholas count of Saarwerden, who
held it in right of his wife Barbara, eldefl: daughter to the laft lord of
Vinftingen.
The Prefedurate of Wild-gravate or Kireurg, lying on the Nahe,
-
devolved to the Prince of Salms from the Kirhurg eftates by the judicial
ads of 1696 and 1701. Kirnburg or Kirburg caftle, lying on a mountain,
was deftroyed by the French in the year 1735. A part of the little town of
Kirn belonged once to the Rhinegraves Dbaun.
The large village of Windeßoim, not far from Alzey, a town belonging
to the Eledor-palatine.
A part of the upper prefedlurate of Meddersheim on the Nahe.
Obf. Their fliare of the Prince of Salm in the fucceffion of the Dhaiin
family will be fpecified in the fequel.
Of the
Principality and House of
N A S S A U^ in General,
§. I . 'Tp H E Principality of A'"(2^w, in general, lies in ihc JVefterau, and
*' occurs in the iplendid map of the JVetterau, defigned by Stetter
and engraved by Viffcher, and partly alio afterwards imitated by H'.mann
Sitette. He has alfo favoured the public with an excellent diftind map of
this principality publiflied by Vifjcher\ widow. Homamis map confifting ci a
part of the JVetterau, is the hundred and fixth of the Atlas oiGermaity. The
length of the whole Principality is computed at twelve and the breadth at
fcvenOerman miles. Though it is too, for the moft part, woody and mountainous,
yet is it not without fine arable and meadow lands. The JVefterivalde

86 GERMANY. [Nailäu.
•wdlJe in particular affords a rich pafturage, whence graziery and its appur-*
tenances are there very eflential articles.
§. 2. The defcent of the houfe of Naß'au from Otho lord of hamenberg
(mentioned before) who lived in the loth century, has been placed in a
new light hy yohn yiunes Reinhard, in his concife treatifes, vol. ii. p. loo.
The counts oi Naßhu were particularly polTefled of confiderable places and
lands about Nmitberg, and in the year 1360, Count yoī fold the town
of Altorf\ with eighteen villages and other eftates to Albert, Burgrave of
Nürnberg. They have alfo very early acquired great eftates in the Wetterau^
and were likewiie hereditary governors of the Rhine., and cup-bearers to the
archbifliop of Mentz. The founder of the prefent Princes of Naffau was
Count Henry I. furnamed the Wealthy, who equally left to his two fons
JValram and Otho I. the whole county of Naß'au, with its feudal, patrimonial,
and hereditary lands. In a compadl of partition made in the year
1255 they held the patrimonial houfe and prefedlurate of Naß'au, with
other family privileges, in an indivifable community ; but the other part of
the county they divided. Weilburg, Wisbaden and läßein, became Walrain's,
part, and Otho I. had Siegen, Dillenburg, Herborn, Beilßein, Ha-"
darnar and Knn.
Walram, fon to AJolplnn became King of the Romans, and his fon Gcr~
lach acquired Burg and the town of Weilnau, together with a part of this
lordfliip, leaving two fons behind him, namely, Adolphus and John I. the
former of whom fucceeded to Wiibaden and Idjlein, but his line came to
a period in 1605, in the perfon of John Le'-^is. yohn I. by his firft wife
had Mchrenberg, Gleiberg, and Huttenberg ; and by his fecond, the county
of Saarbruck, exclufive of the prefedurate o£ Kirberg, which he alfo added
to his houfe. His fon Philip augmented 'it w'lth Kirchheim, Stauß', Polanden,
and Reichelßeim. He likewife had two fons, namely, Philip II. and John II.
the former of whom fucceeded to Mahrenbcrg and Gleiberg, and the latter
had the county of Saarbruck for his pofleflion, whilft Kirchheim, Stauß,
and Polanden, together with other places, were held in common. John
Lewis, fon to John II. by marriage acquired the county of Saariverden and
the lordfhip oi Lahr, but his line failed in his fon John IV. Philip I. continued
the Weilburg branch, and his great-grandfon Philip III. had for his
two fons Elbert and Philip IV. who in the year 1574, on the deceafe of
the above-mentioned John IV. inherited Najj'au, Saarbruck and Saaricerden,
together with half the lordlliip of Kirchheim. This Philip IV. died without
iffue, but Lewis II. Son to Albert, fucceeded the before-mentioned John
Lewis of the Wisbaden line, leaving three fons behind him, namely, JVilliam
Lewis, JrJm and Erneß Cafimir, the firft of whom obtained Ottipeiler^
Saarbruck, and Vfingen ; the fecond Idflein, Wisbaden, and Lahr, which
lands, on the death of his (on George Augußus, in 1721, fell to the defcendants
of his eldeft brother. The portion of the third was Weilburg, the
4 Naßaii

;
NaiTau.] GERMANY, ^y
Naffau part of Mehrenberg^ a third of the county of Saariverden and a part
of Homburg. WiUia?n Lewis, of Nußlm-Saarbruck, left three fons, viz.
yohn Lewis of Ottweile?-., Gußavus Adolphus of Saarbruck, and Walrath of
JJßngen ; the two fons of the firfl, Frederick Lewis and Charles Lewis, died
without heirs in 1723 and 1728; but the fon of the third, namely, JFil-
Uam Henry, Prince of Najfau-Ußngen, left two fons, who were the founders
of the two prefent ruling lines ; namely, Prince Charles ©f the Naßliu-
Baarbruck-XJfmgen, and Prince William Henry of that of Naßau-Saarbruck-
Saarbruck. On the 2T^do{ September 1735, a partition was agreed on betwixt
them, by which the laft gave to the former all the inherited and
efcheated land on this fide the Rhine, and to the latter thofe lying on the other
fide of that river.
It was alfo determined, that thefe two parcels of land fhould not be any
further divided among the defcendants on either fide,
{hould continue in both lines,
but that the fucceflion.
according to the right of primogeniturefliip.
The Weilburg line, founded by Erneß Caßmir, ilill exifting.
The offspring oiOtho I. and the partitions made among them are fpecified
above.
At prefent the only remaining line of the defcendants of Otho, is that of
Najßiu-Dillenburg-Dietz, which fliles itfelf of Orange, and is hereditary
Stadtholder of the United Netherlajids.
§. 3. Of the principal line oi Walram, 'JohnY. was created a Prince by
the Emperor Charles lY. fo early as the year 1365; but his defcendants
termed themfelves only counts. In the year 168B, the Emperor Leopold
ratified the grant of the dignity of Prince to that line, on which Walrath of
Naßau-Ufingen, George Augußiis oi Naßau-Idßein, and, laftly, alfo in 1737,
Charles Augußus of Nafißau-Weilburg affumed the fame, which by the firil:
and lafl: has been tranfmitted to their defcendants.
Of the Otho chief line the firft Princes were "John Lewis of Naß'au-Hadamar,
Lewis Henry of Naßciu-Dillenbiirg, Willia?n Frederick of Naßdii-
Dietz,
and John Francis and Williatn Maurice of Naß'au- Siegen.
The title of the Princes of the old Walram line is, Prince oi' Najfim, Count
of Saarbruck and Saarwerden, and lords of Lahr-Wisbaden and Idßein.
Their arms are for Naßliu, with a lion topaz in a field faphire femee of
billets topaz ; for the county of Saarbruck, Azur a lion ^ptzxXßemee of crofslets
pearl; for the county of Saarwerden, diamond a fpread-eagle argent
for Mors, topaz a fefs diamond ; for Weilnau, topaz two leopards pafTant
ruby; for Melrrenberg, emerald a falfire crofs topaz femee with croislets
topaz ; for Mahlberg, topaz a Won fable ; for Latjr, topaz on a fefs ruby.
The younger branch of the Otho family depends wholly at prefent on
Prince William V. of Orange, and Stadtholder of the United Provinces,
whofe title, with refpect to the Naffau territories, is that of Prince of
Naß'au, Count of Katze?ieIlnbogen, Finnen and Dietz, and Lord oi Beilßtin;
his

88 GERMANY. [Nafl'au-Dietz.
his arms for NaJ/'au are, faphire a lion topaz, ßmee of billets topaz ; for
Katzenellnbogen, topaz a lion rampant ruby } for Vianen, topaz on a fefs
pearl ; for JDietz, ruby two lions pafiant topaz.
§, 4. The Princes of the old V/alram line have as yet no feat or vote in
the college of Princes, being members only of that of the Wetteraii Imperi?,l
counts, and from thefe they have long fince detached themfelves. In
the Circle of the Uppcr-Rhitie they have five votes, namely, for WeiJburg^
Ufingen, and Idftein, which is lodged in the ruling Prince of Najfaii-Saarbnick-Vlingen
; and for Saarbruck and Ottweiler-, which is annexed to the
iu\\i\g Pünce oi Najau-Saarbrück- Saarbruck. The Princes of the younger
branch of the Olho family acquired a feat and vote in the college of Princes
in the year 1659, and have two other votes, which are both inherent in
the Stadtholder of the United Netherlands, who has alfo two votes in the
Diet of VVefiphalia.
§. 5, In the circular contributions of the Empire, Najfau-Weilburg pays
for a Roman month forty-two florins forty kruitzers. Najfau-Saarbruck-
JJfingefj, ioxJJfingen, twenty florins thirty-three and a half kruitzers ; and
for Idßem eighty-two florins forty kruitzers ; and confequently in the whole
one hundred and three florins thirteen and one third kruitzers. Naffau-Saarbriick-Saarbruck,
pays for Saarbruck, thirty-four florins thirty-three and a
half kruitzers; and for Ottiociler twenty-feven florins thirty-three one third
kruitzers, in all fixty-two florins fix kruitzers and two thirds.
Of Naffaii- Dillenburg and Siegen fome account has been given above.
Najj'aii-Dietz, in the partition of i/Urö//?^, made in the year 1654, is aflefl^ed
at fixty-three i^ florins. The matricular taxation towards the chamber of
Wetzlar, is for NaJJau-Vfingen, Idjlein and Wisbaden forty-four rix-doUars
fixty-one and a half kruitzers. Naßdu- Saarbruck for Weilburg thirty-five
rix-dollars feventy-thrce and a half rthler. for Naffau-Saarbruck and Ottweiler
twenty-fix rix-dollars eighty-two kruitzers, and Naffau-Dietz fortyone
rixdollars feventy-nine and a half kruitzers. Concerning Najfau-Siegen
and Dilhiburg, fee above.
'The
County of
NASSAU-DIET Z.
§. np I PI I S country lies on the river Lahn, being formerly called the Golden
.
County, on acount of its fertility. It is a fief of Tarier, having
been granted to the archbiihop of that city by the Emperor Frederick III. in
fo abfolute a manner that the poffeflbr of this county was to hold it
as a fief
of

Nailliu-Dietz.] GERMANY. g

90 GERMANY. [NalTau^Dietz.
tlon has been made in the prefedurate of Braubacb, lying In the parifli of
Kirdorf, whicli is but at a Imall diftance from the loidlliip of Scbaumberg,
and lies contiguous to
The prefecturate of Lahnberg, which comes in the next fedlion.
The lands of Naff'au-lFeiikirg.
Thcfe he not together, nor are they all of equal goodnefs ; but the yearly
produceof them to the Prince exceeds 100,000 rix-dollers.
§.
'\. Thefe lands include,
1. The county of Naßaii-Weilburg, on the Lahn, having a filver and
copper mine-work, and abounding in flone mixed with iron, and woods. In it is
IVcilburg, a handfome town, ftanding on an eminence on the river Lab?,
over which it has a bridge of flone. The Prince's palace here contains fome
very elegant apartments, with a fine garden belonging to it, and a chapel
anfwerable to the whole. All the roads near the town lie in a dired line,
and are planted on each fide with a row of trees.
In the neighbourhood is a large Menagerie, with a pleafure-houfe ; and
on the other fide of the Lahne, lies an eftate of the Prince's called Wehrholz.
Selters, a village fituate on the Lc.lm, near which is a mineral fpring ;
but this is not to be confounded with the celebrated medicinal fprings of
Loiv^er- Selters.
Frehisfels, a village, where once ftood a feat called Sonnenberg.
Efchcrjhaufen, a village. One half of the caflle here, together with its
appurtenances, was purchafed in Anguß 1724 by Prince Charles, of Sabina
Lamberta, baronefs of Friejms, defcended of the Efeh family; and the archbiihop
of Worms invefted him with it
at a legal male-fief.
Philipjlehi, a caftle feated on a mountain, but lying in ruins.
2. The prefecturate of Vveilmunster. In it lies
Weihnnnfler, a country town (landing on the Weilbach. This country
afi-brds not only a great deal of iron ore, but has alfo fome filver and copper
mines.
The villages of LutzeUorf, Langenhach, &c.
3. The prefecturate of Lahnberg, fituate on the Z-isi'«, con fills of
Lahnberg, a country town, and three villages, held in common by NaJfau-Weilburg
and Naßau-Dietz.
4. The prefedurate of Mehrenberg, once a lordlliip, which Prince
John I, count of Naßau obtained with his firft wife. In it is
Mehrenberg, a country town, and
Barig,
a village.
The prefedurate of Kleeberg, belonging both to Naffau-Weilbiirg and
Reße-Darmßadt, has been mentioned above amongft the pofi^elTions of
Heße-Darmßadt.
6. The prefedurate of Huttenberg was formerly alfo held in common
with Hejfe-Dartnjladt, but on a divifion of it in 1703, Najfaii-Weilhurg

NafTau-Dietz.] GERMANY. 91
hirg had for its particular fliare tlic villages of Lufzelinden, Hcfnß.eim, Hocheiiim,
Lower-Kkef7, Dombolzhaujen, and Rechtenbach. Prince 'John I.
cx>\xx\X.oi Naljaii, obtained this prefedturate with his firfb vvife.
7, The prefectiirate of Gleiberg defcended likewife to the fame Prince
after the fame m;mner. In it is
Gleiberg or Gieiburg^ a large village, containing a feat.
Krofdorf Salzbote}!, and other villages.
2. The large country town of Reichelßmm, fituate on the river Horlof,'
not far from the prefedlurate of Bingenheim, belongs to HeJfe-'Darmjladt.
This town lies in the marc of iv//^Ä?, forming a fief thereof. It was an--
iiexed to the houfe of Naffhu by Count Philip V. and the yearly income of
this place is about 3000 florins.
3. A part of the par illi of Kirdorf.
4. A part of the prefefturate of Nassau, which one year with anotiier,
is reckoned to bring in 4500 florins.
5. A part of the Vierhen-ifch.
6. Naßau-Weilbiirg, and Nnff'au-Tdßein or Ußngeii, jointly poflefs in the
Wetterau, the Zijoeyherj-ifche, as it is called, to which belong the villages of
Mylen or Muhlcft on the Muhlhach , as alfo Enlighoß-n or Edighofe??, Lypon?,
Strut, JFelterty Rudlen farm and Schonau, which laft was tormerly a convent
of BenediBines.
7. The lordfhip of Kirchheim and Stai/ßWes on the high ridge of mountains
called Don?2ersberg, running betwixt the prefeclurates of Alzey and
Lautem, and the counties of JL«;z///_g"('« and Falkenflein. It is planted with
oak, beach, and cheftnut-trees. This prefefturate was annexed to it by
Philip I. and confifts of the prefecfturates of Kirchheim and Stauff, containing,
exclufive of twenty villages, the following places, i7.s.
Kirchheim-Pohvid, a fmall town, and the feat of a prefedturate. In its
neighbourhood fliood Poland-hoiij'e, now a farm.
Heuberg, a manor near the preceding town, part of the revenues of
which were in the year 1686, fold by the owner Chrißophcr "John von
Friefenhaufen to Lewis William, baron of Stauff, who in ijco again difpofed
of them to Count John Rrnfl, of Naßuu JVcilbwg, who in the
year 1706 purchafed of the barons of Stauff the whole manor, together
with the little efl:ate of Bifcheim.
Rotheukirchen, which is a fequefl:rated convent.
Dannßeh on Donnenberg ; having abundance of cheftnut-trees in its
neighbourhood.
Stauff,
a prefedurate and feat.
Gellheiw, formerly Gillenheim or Gellenheim, a country town, celebrated
in hiftory for the vidlory gained there in the year 1298, by Albert o\
Auflria over Adolphus of Naßau, who lofing his life on the fpot, was
hafliily interred in the then neighbouring convent of Roßnthal. A monu-
N 2
ment,

.
92 GERMANY. [Naffau-Saarbruck.
ment, however, was ereded to him on the field of ba*t!e, with this infcription
: Adolphiis ä NaJJaii^ Rom. Rex, interßcitiir apudGellinheim.
8. Of the lordfhip of 5'rt/jr'reYr

Nafläu-Saar brück.]
GERMANY.
Jdßein, a fmall town, honoured with a palace of the Prince's and a gymnafium
of Luthermis.
Wurßorf, and other villages.
Wcilrabcnßein, a caftle lying in ruins, and a fmall village.
JFahdorf, a fequeftered nunnery.
2. The prefedurate of Wehen. In it
Weken, a large village containing a feat.
Bkidoißatt, a large village fituate on the Aar, and having a college of
regular canons fubjedl to Mentz.
Adolphfeck, a village lying on the Aar, near which, among high and
wild mountains, ftands a ruined callle.
3. The prefedurate of BuRG-ScHWALBACH. In it
Burg-Scbwalbr,ch, a fmall town containing a feat, ereded by a Count cf
Katzenellnbogen.
Holefels,
a caftle ftanding on a mountain.
The prefedurate of Kirchberg or Kirberg is held jointly with Naffau-Dietz,
and has been already defcribed above.
IV. The lordfhip of Wisbaden lies on the Rhine, being a good wine
country. It appears to have defcended to the Counts oi Naßm immediately
from the Emperors of Germany, as an Imperial lordfhip ; and appertained
to them at the beginning of the 13th century. In the divifion made by
the Princes Charles and William Henry in the year 1736, it devolved to the
former, together with the reft of the Idjlein inheritance j and contains
Wisbaden, a handfome town, populous and thriving by its celebrated
warm baths, and by being the feat of the regencies of Idjlein and Vfwgen.
The Prince's palace here was built in the beginning of the prefent century.
The Mattiacijontes calidi of Pliny, and the Mattiaca aqua mentioned by
Ammianus, are apparently no other than the warm baths of this place, the
country being at that time inhabited by the Mattiaci. Wisbaden was
certainly known to the Romans and the Heidefiifche maure, or heathen well,
which runs through the prefent town of Wisbaden to the Heidcnijchen berg,
appears to have been a work of that nation ; and a part of the boundaries
of this town are derived from the lined trenches {fojfcepalis fudibufqiie munita)
thrown up by Drufiis in the modern Weiterau, oppolite to Mentz, for the
covering of the Rhi?2e. In the days of the Kings of the Franks, in this town
was a royal court, Curtis regia, or Saal, i. e. a hall, of which the Saalgaß',
or Hall-Jlreet, ftill bears the name. In the year 13 18, it held out a vigorous
fiege againft the combined forces of the Emperor Lewis of Bavaria, and
Baldwin archbifhop of Triers, who were obliged to decamp from before
it. In I
547,
it was burnt down, and fuffered greatly in the wars of the
17th century, particularly in the year 1644. This place has been confiderably
improved by Prince George Augußiis.
Biberich^ a village fituated on the Rinne, with a feat belonging to it ereded
by
93

c>4 GERMANY.
[Naflau-Saarbruck.
by Vunct George Aiiguftus, and embellifhed hyVv'\x\ct Charles, and at prefent
the ufiiai refidence of the Prince of Najjau-UJingen, Exclufive of its
delightful fituation this place is large and {lately.
Schierßeij], a church village ; its wine is held in great repute.
producing alfo good wine.
Nimberg, a manor of the Princes ;
Mosbach,
a large village.
Dotzheim, Erbenheim, Berßatt, Kloppenhei7n, Naiiroth, all large church villages.
Sonnc-nberg,
a large village with a caftle lying in ruins.
Clarcnthal, a manor-houfe belonging to the Prince; but originally a
nunnery.
5. Apart 0? the. Ziveyherrifchen.
6. A part of the parifli of Kirdorf.
7. A part of the prefedlurate of Nassau;
8 .
A
part of the Fierherrifchen.
Obf. The Vierherrijchen, of which mention has been more than once
made before, is a territory belonging feparately to Naßau-Ujingen, NaJJ'au-
V/cilhiirg, and Hcße-Darinftadt. It lies north of, and partly within, the
lower county o^ Katzenellnbogen, confifting of feveral villages and farms.
i). The lurdfliip of Lahr or Lohr in the Ortenau. Henry von Gerolfeck, •
lord of Lahr, dying in the year 1426 without male heirs, this lordflfip devolved
to John count of Mors and Saariverden, who married his heirefs
jddelheida-, and on the failure of that line defcended, by means of Catharifie
he'nek of Saar'werden, to Count ^15^/2 Lewis of Najj'au; but it was
afterwards claimed by Gangolf and Walther, another branch of the lords of
Gerolfeck, and after a procefs carried on from the year 1532 to 1625, the
contefting parties agreed that Count Lewis of NaJJdu fliould hold the lordfhip
for himfelf and his heirs ; but that on the other hand he fhould difcharge
a debt of 24,000 florins due to the Margrave of Baade?i Hochberg; and
likewife pay to 'James lord of Hoheji-Gerolfeck and Suiz, who abfolutely renounced
all claim to it, 100,000 florins, exclufive of two other funis, for
which he ceded one half of the lordOiip of Lahr as a fecurity. This payment
devolved to Margrave Frederick V. of Baaden and Hochberg, as heir to
his wife, the 1 aft heirefs of Gfro/y^c^ ; and the intereft not being paid, the
Margrave, in the year 1659, on application to the Emperor, obtained an
order that he ihould be put in pofieffion of the lordfliip of Lahr as a fecurity
till fuch time as the intereft due on it, which had continued unpaid ever
fince the year 1654, fhould be difcharged. Accordingly Baaden-JDour/acb
held this lordfliip till the year 1726, when the houfe of Najau redeemed
it. The Princes of Baaden, however, ftill bear it in their title. In the divifion
of this lordfliip, it fell to Count John of Najjau-Idjlein, on the failure
ofwhofeline, it efcheated to iY

Naffau-Saarbruck.] GERMANY,
05
Lahr or Lohr, a fmall town lying on the river Schütter, which in the
year 1676, was laid in allies by the Frejich, the other places of this lordihip
undergoing the like fate.
The church villages oi Dingl'mgen, Hugfweyher, Alteiiheim, as alfo the
village oi MieterPxim, together with the little feat oi Butenjleig, and fome
other places.
TJje Saarbruck La?ids belc77gi7tg to
Nas s au-Saar brück.
Mod of thefe are to be feen in the fecond \fsS o^ Hotnann % map of the
courfe of the Rhine, where it runs betwixt Bafcl and Bonne.
I. The county of Saarbruck lies in the Wcjireich, bordering to the weft and
fouth on Loraine, eaftward on the upper prefeflurate of Deuxpcnts, together
with the lordfhips of Bliefcaflel, Hingen, and Ottweiler-, northward it
joins to the jurifdidion oi Lebach in the Vierherrifche ünA the prefecturateof
Schaiienberg in Loraine, as alfo in other fmaller territories. It is for the moft
part fandy and woody, with here and there fome good corn land in it, but
abounds in iron and pit-coal. The river Saar and the road leadinp- out of
Germany to France furnifli this county with great advantages for traffic. The
doil:rine oi Luther Vv^as propagated all over this country towards the clofe of
the 1 6th century, and though catholicifm began only at the time of the
French reunion to diffufe itfelf into certain parts, yet it has ftill retained the
fuperiority. This country had once counts of its own, on the extinction of
whom, in the year 1380, it devolved to Count John oi Naßhu, by his
marriage with Johannetta heirefs of Saarbruck. On the failure of the Naffau-Saarbruck
and Ottweiler lines, in 1722 and 1728, it efcheated to Niiffati-
Ufingen, and by the partition in 1735 was affigned to Prince William Henry.
All that the houfe oi Najfau holds as a fief from the Empire is an independent
poffeffion and toll-right. In it is
Saarbruck, a town lying on the river Saar, which was fet on fire and its
walls deftroyed by the Imperialifts on their recovery of it from the French
in the year 16763 but was again rebuilt, and now conGfts of about two hundred
houfes with a Lutheran and Calvinifl church. The Prince's palace
here, which is not without grandeur, was erefted by Prince William
Henry.
S. Johann, a town lying oppofite to the preceding, on the other fide of
the Saar ; and which, exclufive of its being equal to it in extent, has a rampart
and moat. Ever fince the reunion the catholics have been in pofieffion
of the old church here, and fince the year 1727 a new one has been ereded
for the Lutherans. Thefe two towns communicate by means of a bridge.
S. Arundel, or S. Antual, once a canonry, lies half an hour's diftance
from Saarbruck: its revenues are applied to the fupport of the Lutheran
churches, paftors, Ichools, and poor.
4 A com-

96 GERMANY, [Naflau-Saarbrück.
A commandery of the Teiitonk order, feated at a quarter of an hour's
diftance below Saarbruck, under the fovereignty of Saarhrucky but belonging
to the provincial commander of Loraine.
TVac^ga/fcn Valdegaß, an abbey of Pramonftratenfes, fituate on the Saar.
Its fubjettion to the fovereignty of Saarbmck was refigned to it both by a
decree of the chamber at Wetzlar in the year 1722 and alfo by a compacft
in the year 1728. Within the county it contains five villages, as alfo fome
others without.
A conhderable number of villages likewife on both fides the Saar.
2. The lordfliip of 0/?w^/7

Waldeck..] GERMANY. 97
reflored to Nafaii, S.mriva-den and Bockenheim excepted. Of this fliare ia
the county of Saarivcrden, which belongs to the Naffaus, and brings in
about 27,000 florins, N^ßau-Saarbruck, in a partition made in the year
1745 required two thirds, and Nnjfaii-Weilbiirg one third. Of the latter we
have already treated ; and in the former is
Hartkirchen, anciently only a village, but raifed to a town in the year
1746, and at prefent the feat of the Prince's prefeäurate.
Lorenzen, a village. In which the Prince has a feat.
IV. The vogtey of Hcrhltzhcim lies below the county of SnarwerS.en on
both fides of the river Saar. It is compofed of a number of villages, the
revenues of which were once payable to the nunnery of Hcrhit-zhcim. At
prefent it lies in ruins, and the counts qI Nojfaii-Saarbruck a

98 GERMANY. [Waldcck.
is
gathered out of the Eäcr, the Prince has caufed medals to be ftruck, and
a magnificent fide-board to be made. Some parts alfo afford marble, alabafter,
flate and turf. In the neighbourhood of the town of Wildungai,
and alfo at Reigiurjlmufen, Reizetjhagen, and Kleinem are eminent fprings.
§. 4. This county contains thirteen towns and a market-village. The
States here are compofed of the nobility and towns ; among which the
principal are the three called the deputirten Städte. It is only on extraordinary
occafions that the whole body of the States are convened ; but thofe
of the nobility and the three deputy-towns meet on ordinary occafions. The
greater part of the inhabitants are Lutheram, and the refl Proteflants ; with
ibme Roman catholics intermixed. The manufadures here are a coarfe cloth,
barragon, callimanco, dimity, ratine and other fluffs ; as alfo paper, and
great quantities of iron- ware for exportation.
§. 5. The houfe oiWaldeck is very ancient, being derived from the counts
of Schwalenberg. It was formerly divided into the hnes of Wildling and
Eifenbetg; the latter of which, in the year 1682, was created a Prince of
the Empire J
but this title became extinil in the very firft Prince, George
Frederick, who dying without heirs in the year 1716, the Emperor conferred
it on count Frederick Anthony Ulrich of the Wildling line, but the
females continue only counteffes.
§. 6. The title of the Waldeck family is, Waldeck Prince of the Sacred
Roman Empire, count of Pyrmont and Rappoltßein, lord of Hoheneck and
Gerolfeck, &c. The arms for Waldeck are topaz a diamond ftar-fafhion j
for Pyrmont, pearl a crofs-anchored ruby ; for Rappoltßein, pearl three
ihields rubyj for Hoheneck, pearl three eagles heads, or according to others
ravens heads fable, crowned ; and for Gerolfeck, argent femee with billots
faphire,
a crowned lion ruby.
§. 7. The Prince of Waldeck has not yet obtained a feat and vote in the
college of Princes, but, on the other hand, he has withdrawn himfelf from
the college of the counts of Wetterau. At the Diet of the circle of the
Vpper-Rlnne held in 17 19, Waldeck was admitted to a feat among the
Princes ; but he alfo foUicited the precedence before Idßein, Saarbruck and
Ottiveiler. In the year 1741 he was on the point of feparating himfelf
from the circle of the Upper-Rhiiie. The matricular affeffment for Waldeck
is four horfe and eighteen foot or one hundred and twenty florins per
month, and to the chamber at Wetzlar this county pays fixty-feven rixdollars
feventy-four kruitzers.
§.8, In the year 1438 this county was conferred as a fief on Hejfe-Cajfel.
The difputes relating to the inveftiture thereof were adjufled in the year
1635, by a compadt which was ratified by the 15th article of the peace of
OJnabruck, §. 14. The right of primogeniturefliip v/as firft introduced here
by Count Chrißian Lewis, in the year 1697.
§. 9. Excluflve of the privy-council and court of fiefs the Priiice alfo has
a
re-

Waldeck.] GERMANY.
99
a regency, a chamber of finances, and a foreft-court, and likewife court of
law, which two laft are both compoled of the fame members, who aifo in
conjundlion with the general and one fuperintendent form the confiilop,'.
From the court of law an appeal lies to the chancery. Over the prefedu rates
here prelide four judges and fix amtmen, who are fubordinate to a ianddrofl,
or rural-chief-juftice.
§. 10. The county of Waldeck is thought to bring in above loo.ooo
ruthlr. per annum to the Prince, and that not improbably, it being one of
the moll: confiderable counties in the whole Empire,
and preferable even to
not a few of the principalities. The Prince's circular contingency is two
companies of foot,
§.
but he generally maintains three more.
1 1. To the county of Waldeck belong
I. The following towns in their order, viz.
Corbach, the capital of the country, and the firft of the three deputytowns.
It is alfo the feat of the high court of juftice, and confiils of the
old and new town, each of which has its church. In that belonging to the
new town is a moft llately monument of marble and alabafter which takes
up one fide of the choir,
and was eredled by the republic of the United Provinces
to Prince George Frederick of IVa/deck,
who was field-marfhal of their
forces. In the new town is alfo a. gymnq/ium of fix claffes and feven mafters.
Lower Wildungen, a town {landing on a hill, and the fecond deputytown,
being both larger and better built than Old-Wildiingen. In it is a Latin
fchool containing five clafles, as alfo an orphan-houfe. In the choir belonging
to its church, the republic of Venice has eredled a fine alabafter monument
to the memory of Jojias,
Prince of Waldeck, who commanded their
armies vi'ith great reputation.
In its neighbourhood are fome mineral brunns or fprings, as namely, the
Stadt-brunn, the Thalbrunn, and thofe of Reizenhagen and Reinerß^aujen.
Mengeringhaufen, the third of the deputy-towns, lies on a fmall river
which runs into the Tiviße, and not far from it is a well provided hofpital of
Leibern.
Sachfenhaufen,
a little town.
Rhoden, a fmall town ftanding on an eminence, with a feat of the Prince's:
About one quarter of an hour north of it ftands the chapel of Old-Rhoden,
containing in it a Gottos-acker, or burial-place for the town.
Sachfenberg, a little town.
and fupplied with water by means of
Landau, a town ftanding on a hill,
an engine.
Freienhagen, a fmall town, having formerly a free court ofjuftice erefted
by Charles the Great, and conferred as a fief by the Emperors Wencejlaus
and Sigifmund on a family o^ Corbach, in quality of free counts.
Waldeck, a little town feated on a hill and feparated by a valley from a
rock, on which ftands the old caftle of Waldeck, which has lately been fitted
O 2
up

lOo GERMANY. [Waldeck.
up to receive a garrifon. Part of the records of the principality are kept
here. This place ferves alfo for a prifon.
Zufchen, a little town feated on the Lcjfer Elbe-, the Proteftants are more
numerous here than in any other part ot the country.
Furßefiherg,
a fmall town {landing on a hill.
Old-WiiduiTgen-, a little town ftanding on a hill, with a caflle in it called
Friderichßein, and feparated by a valley from the Lowcr-Wddimgeii.
Aroljen, a regular built thriving town, lying not far from the river Aars.
The Prince's palace here, of which Prince Frederick A/?tboNy Uln'c was himfelf
the architedl, makes a grand appearance. AH the above-mentioned
offices and colleges, the chief court of juflice excepted, are held here. Exclufive
too of the Lutheran church here, the Protellants and Catholics have
alfo theirs. The town itfelf ftands delightfully at the end of a noble avenue
of fix rows of trees, which is 2000 paces in length.
II. The nine following prefedurates, 'diz.
I. The prefedlurate of Eisenberg, fo called from the palace of that
name which flood on a mountain not far from Ccrbach, but at prefent lies in
ruins. In it are feveral lofty mountains, particularly towards the borders
oi Weßphalia, where, at the mountain of Hohe Poe/i, ilTues the little river
Dime/. Not far from Adorfis the remarkable rock called Cappenßein. This
is the largeft of the prefefturates, as containing in it no lefs than twelve parifhes.
The places of eminence in it are,
Adorf, a church-village, containing fome very profitable iron-works.
In its neighbourhood is alfo a copper-mine.
Flechtorf, another church-village, containing an alms-houfe for a hundred
perfons.
Shacken, a Lutheran abbey for ladies, the abbefs of which is always of
the Waldeck fzmWy, betwixt this place and Goddelßmm is another copper-mine.
Schivalefeldi a village feated on the rivulet of Itterbach ; near it flan ds
now commonly called the Burg.
the caflle of Schwalejiberg,
The patronage of the Lutheran church in the vWhge of Dudingbmifen
in V/eßphaUa, together vvith all the concomitant powers and rights, belongs
io the houfe of Waldeck. In the free-county of Dudinghaufen it is alfo proprietor
of three villages, namely, of Eppe, in which is a catholic congregation
; ofFLillerß:aiifen, which is wholly catholic j and of Lower-Schkidcrriy
which is incorporated with this prefedlurate,
Obf. In the Grund Aßinghaiijen in Weßphalia the villages of Nordernau
and Lichtenfcbeid, the latter of which is alfo called Aßenberg, are likewife
fubiedl to the dominion of France; but in the other villages belonging
to it,
the princely houfe holds the di ft rift-court.
2. The prefedurate of Arolsen, containing five pariflies.
3. The joint prefecturates of EilhausEn and Rhoden, the former of
4 which

Hanau-Munz.] GERMANY. loi
which contains one parifh, the latter two. On the Urbe, which waters
them both, are fome copper-works.
4. The joint prefedurates of Landau and Wetterburg, in the firft
of which are four pariflies, in the latter two, with fome valuable copperworks.
5. The prefedturate of Waldeck, containing in it fome mountains of
a prodigious height, and being particularly remarkable for the rock of
Weijfeßein. In this prefedurate are fix pariihes, and among them
Bergheim, a country-town, belonging entirely to the IValdeck family.
Kleinem., a church-village, having two chalybeat fprings.
6. The prefedlurate of WiLDUNNGEN, which is alfo mountainous ;
partlculary
the Keller, near the borders oi Hcffe, which is of an extraordinary
height. On the river Urß are fome copper-works. This prefefturate confifts
of five pariflies. The amtmen of this and the foregoing prefeöurates
have over them a rural-judge, under the title of Schultheifs.
7. The prefedurateof LiCHTENFELS, containing three pariilies.
The
County of
HJNJU-MUNZENBERG.
§. I. '~T^ H E map of this county taken by Zolhnan was publiflied in the
-*•
year 1728 by 'Job. Chriß. Homann, and makes the one hundred
and third in
the Atlai of Ger?nany.
§.2, It lies on the Wetterau, being furrounded by the Elecflorate of
Mentz, the diocefe of Fulda, the lordfliips of Rieneck IJenbiirg and Solms, as
alfo by the territories of Hejfe-Hoinberg, Burg-Friedbcrg, and Frankfort. In
length it is above nine miles, but its greateft breadth may be eafily travelled
over in two or three hours. Some parts of it lie feparate.
§. 3. The foil here is remarkably fertile in wine, grain, fruits and ve

JQ2 G E R M A N r. [Hanau-Munz.
religion here : There are, however, ftill both Luthcram and Catholics in it,
Hanau has an univerfity,
who are permitted the free exercife of their religion.
and at Srhlntern is a gymnafnim. Trade and manufadlures flourilh here,
particularly at the town of Hanau, under the defcription of which a larger
account of them fliail be given.
§. 5. The proprietors of this country firft ftiled themfelves Nobles of Hanau,
Reinhard, grandfon to Henr'j lord of Hanau, who lived about the year 1
195,
obtained a part of the Munzenberg eftate with his wife Adelheida. Reinhard
II. was the firft count of Hanau, this dignity being conferred on him
and his heirs by the Emperor Sigifmwid in the year 1429. His youngeft
fon Pkilip I. connt oi Hanau, who, by virtue of an agreement entered into
^^^'^ °"^ \h\v^ of the county of Hanau, and among other
in the year Hi^'
territories in it, tlie caftle town and prefedurate of Babenhaufen, acquired
alfo in the year 1481, a part of the lordlhip oi Lichtenberg, as his wife's
portion; the houfe oi Hanau became divided into the lines oi Munzeiiberg
and Lichtenberg. The former of thefe failed in the year 1642, the latter,
by virtue of a compad concluded in 16 10, fucceeded to the county of Hanau-Munzenberg,
and by the affiftance of Amelia Elizabeth, regent of Heß'-
Caffel, but a branch of the fl^wö« family, reunited the whole county, which
had been dilmembered from it in the wars of thofe times. In acknowlec^ement
of this good office, the Counts Frederick Cafimir, John Philip, and
John Reinhard, in the year 1 643 , entered into a convention with Hcffe-
CaJ/el, importing that on the failure of the male line of Hanau, the whole
county of Hanau-Munzenberg, together with the property thereof, fhould
devolve to the houfe of Hefe. But the reverfion of the Imperial fiefs of
Hanau having been granted to the houfe of Saxony, in the year 1625, by the
Emperor Ferdinand U. and renewed and confirmed by the fucceeding Emperors;
the two houfes, in 1724, came to a compromife that Saxcfjy {hon\d
cede to He/Je all its claim to the Imperial fiefs in Hanau-Munzejiberg, but
that in fuch a manner that Saxony fhould on certain occafions, petition for
and receive the fiefs from the Emperor, and afterwards invert the houfe of
Heje-Caß'el, but that on the failure of the male line of Hejfe-Caßl and Heffe-
Philipfdale, the Imperial fiefs of Hanau-Munzenberg fhould return to the
immediate lords, they on the other hand refunding to the heirs of Hejfe the
whole equivalent paid for it. This equivalent, exclufive of 70,000 ruthlr.
paid down at the fignature of the agreement, was on the fubfequent extindion
of the Hanau family fettled at 600,000 ruthlr. in ready fpecie, as
alfo a yearly revenue of 12,000 ruthlr. in lands and vafTals. In the year
1728, this agreement was confirmed by the Emperor Charles VI. In the
year 1735, Frederick King of S-weden, renounced the fuccefTion to Hanau-
Munzenberg, in favour of his own family. In 1736, the whole male line
of Hanau failing in John Rheinard, count of Hanau, the Landgrave PFilliamYlU.
took pofTefTion of the county of Hanau-Munzenberg, and in the year
1754

Hanaii-Munz.] GERMAN T.
103
1754 transferred it to Prince William^ eldefl foil to the hereditary Prince
Frederick; but referved to himfelf, during his hfe, the enjoyment and exercife
of the fovereignty, and made an order that on his dcceafe the faid
Prince, or the elded and firfl begotten of his offspring fliould take upon him
the fovereignty of this county, and that on his acceffion to that of Heßc-CciJJely
the faid county fliould again be inalienably annexed to that principality under
one fovereign.
§. 6. The ruling count of Hanau-Mimzenberg is a member of the college
of the Imperial counts of the Wetferau ; but the Landgrave William VI.
feparated himfelf from them, and, in 1741^ alfo from the circle of the
Vpper-Rkitie . In the Imperial matricula this county is afleffed at two hundred
and to the chamber at Wetzlar pays one hundred and fixty
and thirty florins,
rixdoUars, twenty-nine and one quarter kruitzers.
§. 7. The income arifing to 'John Rei?2ard, the laft count of Hanau^ from
his feveral territories, is faid to have amounted to above 500,000 florins,
§. 8, This county confifts of the foilowing towns and prefedurates
I. Hanau, the capital of the county, lies in a large plain on the river
Kinzigt which near this place runs into the Mayne. It is compofed of the
old and new town, both of which are fortified. The old town, which from
time immemorial has belonged to the i7rf«(7;

104 GERMANY. [Hanau-Munz.
2. The prefedurate of Bucherthal, the foreil: of Hanau, or Bcegvjald,
as alfo Bidau, were, in 1277, exxhanged by the abbey of St. Peter's
ad Gradus in Mentz. The former of thefe is but fmall, the latter very
large. All the woods about Hanau are in general independent deinefnes,
but the right of vencry in them is a fief, fubjedt to the Eledor of Mentz,
excepting one fmall, narrow wood, and the privilege of hunting on
one fide of it, which is a fief belonging to the Ei-npire. In this prefedurate
are fourteen towns and villages. The molf remarkable places
in it are
Philipjrtihe, a beautiful feat, lying about one half hour's dirtance from
the town of Hanau, near the village of Keflatt, or Keßclßadt, on the Maync.
This feat was built by Count Philip Reinhard, but received very great
improvements from his brother and fuccefibr Count °John Rheitibard.
The village near it is a demefne, but the toll on the Mayne is a fief
of the Empire.
Dornigheim, a county-town and a demefne ; but the vogtey, or government
of it is a fief of the abbey of St. Jacob's herd, near Mentz.
Runpenheim, a church-village on the other fide of the Mayne, over which
the moll: frequented ferry lies at this place. It is a fief of the Eledor of
Mentz, but belonging to the Biebermark, has an officer appointed over it.
The barons of Edeljheirn have a fine eftate here, which they were invefled
with in the year 1689, by the family of Hanau.
AU the other places here are demefnes ; as
Hochfladt,
a fmall town, containing a Lwi'Z'^r^« church.
Wachenbucken, a little place, in which formerly the lords of Hanau had a
conveyed to Hanauhy means
refidence, and whence alfo a fine fpring-water is
of iron pipes.
Mittelbuchen, a country-town, which, together with the manfion-houfe
there, was purchafed, in the year 1567, by the convent of Seligenßadt.
Bruchköbel, a village which, though in the year 136S it obtained a municipal
charter, like Hanau, from the Emperor Charles IV. yet ftill contains a
village.
Rofzdorf, a village, in which a lord o{ Hanau, in the year 1235', fettled
the firfl: Monks of the order of St, Anthony, whom he invited hither from
Vienne in France.
Rudigheim, a village, containing a Proteftant and Lutheran church. The
latter has a chapel at Loiver-Rodenbach, in the fame prefedurate, dependent
on it.
4. The prefedurate of Windecken. In it is
Windecken, formerly called Wunecke, a fmall town, containing a caftle,
feated on the river Nieder. This place is a fief belonging to Bamberg.
In the year 1288, King Rudolph!, granted it the fame privileges with the
city of Frankfort. Till the year 1436, the lords of Hatiau generally refided
here.
Eichen,

Haiiau-Munz.J G E R M A N T. 105
Eichen, a village-jurifdiftion and fief of the Eledlor-palatine.
Lower, or Great-Dorfelden, a village and demefne, but the caflle is a
SaxoJi female fief. In the year 1368, the Emperor Charles IV. granted it a
charter like that of Hanau, but it has continued a village.
Markobel, a large village, enjoying particular privileges, had indeed a
charter, like unto that of Hanau, granted it in the year 1368 by the Emperor
Charles IV. but was not made a town. This place is a demefne.
The Kellerey of Naumburg was formerly a diftinft prefei5turate, which
the counts oi Hanau, in the year 1561, purchafed of the chapter oi Limburg
for 18000 florins, and mortgaged, in 1643, ^o Heße-Cai/el. Pnnc^Giorge o\
HeJJe-CaJfel arriving to the pofleffion of it, confiderably improved the feat of
Naumburg, which had formerly been a convent of Bensäiclines. To this
prefedhirate belong alfo the villages of Erbfiatt and Horingen.
4. The prefeä:urate of BoRNHEiMERBERG, or Bergex, contains fifteen
towns and villages.
Bergen, the capital place of this prefedlurate, contains a Proteftant andL:/-
theranchMTch, and its neighbourhood produces excellent wine. The Schelms
of Bergen have a fine eftate here.
Bijibofjheim, or Bijcheim, a town alfo famed for its good wine.
Bockenheitn, a large village, whither the Proteftant Dutch and French inhabitants
of Fratickfort, in the year 1638, obtained permiiHon to go to
worfliip. In this village is alfo a Lutheran church.
Seckbach, a town, containing a Lutheran churchi and near it alfo a Proteftant
one. The Schelms of i^tr^^?? have two eftates of nobles here.
EJcherJheim and Ginheim, two large villages, purchafed in the year 1478
from the convent of Seligenßadi.
Vilbel, a very large village, feated on the Nidda, and held jointly and
equally with the Eledor of Mentz.
Praunheim, a village fhared in the fame manner with the houfe of
Sohm-Kodclheim.
5. The prefedlurate of Rodheim confifts of four towns and villages,
which were purchaied in the years 1578 and 1595. To it belongs
Rodheim, a large country-town, one half of which is a very ancient demefne,
but the other was purchafed, in the year 1578, of Chrijtopher, count
of Stoiberg and Konigfiein. In the year 1362, the Emperor, Charles IV.
permitted Ulrich, lord of Hanau, to fortify Rodheim, at that time only a village,
granting to the inhabitants the fame municipal privileges with the city
of Franckfort.
Lower-Efchbach, a village, containing an independent and ennobling eflate.
Holzhaufen, or Burgholzhaufen, a town which the counts of Stolbcrd, as
heirs of Epfiein, fold, in the year 1578, to Hanau, with power of redemption,
but in 1595 hereditarily. During the thirty years war, Reigerfberg,
chancellor of Mentz, was inverted by the Emperor and Empire with
VoL.V. P tuo

;
io6
GERMANY. [Hanau-Munz
two thirds of a place of this name, and in 1645 procured alfo two thirds
of this to be granted to him ; on which, in 1649, he purchafed the other
third of Count Frederick Cqfimir. His defcendants difpofed of it to the
barons of Ingelheim ; but, in the year 1741, the Landgrave William VIII.
of Heße-Cciß'l, demanded, as adlual count of Hanau-Munzenherg, the reftitution
of the two ceded thirds ot Holzhaiifeti, purfuant to a claufe in the
treaty of Weßphalia, and immediately put himfelf in pofTeffion thereof.
6. The prefedurate of Dorheim, confifting of four towns and villages
;
-viz.
Dorheijn, a town, feated on the Wetter^ and purchafed hereditarily in
the year 1578 oi Chriflopher, count oi Stolberg and Konigßein. The barons
of H)lfzhaufe}it have an eftate here.
Nauheim^ a town, containing fait-works of confiderable value. In the
year 1436, the houfe of ü/zw« were fovereigns of this place, but, in 1478,
purchafed the whole of the convent of 5^%d77/W/ J as alfo, by degrees, the
fait- works, betwixt the years 1566 and 1590, from the falt-company
fince which it hath made fuch improvements in them, that, though
wood is there in no great plenty, and no fait made in winter, yet it produces
yearly 30,000 achtels, or about 4000 bufliels.
7. The prefe

Hanau-Munz.] GERMAN T.
107
it to IVurzhurg. In the year 1649, it was agreed that the Eledor of
Maitz, as bifliop of IVurzbiirg, Hiould reftore it to Kanau, in confideration
of 5000 florins ; but afterwards, in lieu of that fum, the falt-pits of
Orb were made over to it. Hereupon Count Frederick Caßmir ceded it to
tiie Proteflants, and aflifted them in the converfion of it into a college.
Wallrod,
a church-village.
9. The prefedlurate of Brandenstein contains the old ruined caftie of
Bergenßein as a fief of JVurzburg, and alfo four villages of its own 3 but,
in the year lyig, was mortgaged to He//e for 100,000 florins.
10. The prefedturate of Schwarzenfels confifts of the town and
rmnsdca.(i\e of Schwarze/ifels, together with nine villages,
which were mor;-
gaged, in the year 1643, to Heße-Caffel. The road-toll to Sterbfritz is an
Imperial fief,
and one half of the village of Junkersbach belongs to Fulda.
I I. The ioint-prefecturates of Biebhrgrund and Lohrhaupten.
1. That of Biebergrwid confids of eight places, one half of which were
original demefnes, and the other half purchafed, in the year 1684, of the
Elector of Mentz, to whom they are ftill acknowledged as fiefs. The
principal place in it
is
Bieber, a thriving town, containing near it a mine of copper and filver,
as alfo fome works of iron and cobalt, in which the latter mineral is prepared
into a moft beautiful fmalt.
2. The prefecturate of Lohrhaupten confifts of three places, all which
are demefnes ; and near the town of that name lies the fource of the
river
Lohr.
12. The prefecturate of Old-Haszlau, with the places of free jurif-
The former of thefe contains five towns and
diction in it belonging to HeJ/e.
villages, and is a fief of Wurzburg. It is alfo a good wine country.
In it is
t
Old-Hajfel, or HaJzlaUt a town.
The free-court prefecturate, feated at the foot of the mountain of Welmitzhcim,
or near Alze?iau, was formerly held in common by the counts
of Hanau and the Elector of Mentz. On the death of the lall count, in
the year 1736, the Elector was for taking the whole into his hands; but
it continued on the former footing till Heffe-Cajjel, by the partition agreed
on in the year 1748, took fole poflefllon of it, as a fecondary fief of Mv//";?,
the parilli of Sofnborn excepted. The Elector of Mentz has alfo referved to
himfelf the ecclefiaftical jurifdiction of this Catholic parifli. The villages of
Ha?iau, in the prefecturate of Old-Haßl, belonging to it, are
Somborn-, the church-village, near which is the manfion-houfe of tragi's ;
Old-Mi
lau, Neufafz, or Neufaje, Ber?ibach and Harbach.
13. The prefecturate of Baben, or Bobenhausen, lies on theoppofite
fide of the Mayne, and belonged formerly to the lords of Munzenburg\
on the extinction of whom, in the thirteenth century, it defcended, to-
P 2
gether

io8
GERMANY. [Flanau-Munz.
gether with the town of Sch{jßmm, to Rei?ihard, lord of Hcmau^ whofc
confort, Adelheida, was fifter to the lafl: lord of Munzetiberg. In the year
1372, Ulrich, lord of Hanaiiy received of his patrimonial eftate here the
caftle and town of Babenbaufen., with all their appurtenances, as a fief belonging
to the crown of Bohemia ; and, by the inveftitiire, it was enacted,
that, on the failure of the male-line of Hanau, the daughters and their
proper heirs fhould inherit ; and, on failure of fuch, the neareft relations
and their heirs. The extinction of the houfe of Hanau gave rife to a conteft
l.'ctwixt the houfes of Hejje-Caffel and Heße-Darmßadt, whether the prefecturate
o( Babenbaufen belonged to the county of Hanau- Munzenberg or Hafiau-Lichtenberg
; but in the year 1754 they came to an agreement. The
principal places in it are
Babenhaujen, ox Bobenhaufen, a fmall town, containing a caftle, feated on
the river Gernjprinz. This place was for fome time the refidence of the
founts of Hanau, and had originally a mint j but both thefe were afterwards
removed to Hanau.
Diidenhojcn, a town, two thirds of which belong to the prefe(5luratc and
one third to the counts of Sclxnborn, neverthelefs as a fief of Mentz.
Scbafheiin, a large village, to which, in the year 1368, the Emperor
Charles IV. granted a charter of the fame kind with that of Hanau, but
it has not rifen to be a town. This place, by virtue of the feudal law of
Fulda, is a fief of the Palatinate. On the death of the laft count of Hanau,
He[fe-T)ar7)ißadt took poffeffion of this village, as alfo of Schlierbach
and Dietzenbach.
14. AJJcnheim, a little town, containing a caftle, lies at the conflux of
the Nidda, conftituting the Wetter, formerly a part of the old Munzenberg
eftate. Hanau has half of it, the remainder belonging to Solms-Rodelheim and
Tfenburg-Wachtersbach.
15. The prefedurate of Munzenberg forms alfo a part of the ancient
Munzenberg inheritance; but, in the year 1684, defcended to Hanau
from the Eledtor of Mentz. This prefedturate is an Imperial fief. To
it belongs
Munzenberg, a fmall town, having an old caftle on the Wetter. Three
eighths of it appertain to Hanau ever fince it acquired the EIe£lor of Mentz'%
part in exchange for Konigßein. Of the remainder the houfe of Solms is
proprietor. The ancient family of Munzenberg became extinct in Ulrich II.
about the year 1236 or 125.0 ; when his fifters divided the Munzenberg
lands J
and thus one fixth of them devolved to the houfe of Hanau, Adelbeida,
daughter of Ulrich I. lord of Munzenberg, by his firft wife, being
married to Rei^ibard, lord oi Hanau.
Treyfz, a village, one half of which is a fief of Fulda belonging to Ha^
nau, and the other to Solms-Braufifeh.
Heuchelheim, a fmall village, of which Hanau, after acquiring the Mentz
part

Hanau-Munz.] GERMANY, 109
part in the year 1684, now enjoys feren twelfths, and Stolberg-Roßa five.
This village is an Imperial fief.
The town and caftle of Rieneck and the village of Schaibach, in
the county of Riejttxk, one fourth of which is held by Hanau as a fief
of Mentz.
Geluhaiifen. a town, feated on the river Ki?izig, was formerly an Imperial
toV((nj but, in the year 1349, the Emperor Charles IV. mortgaged it to
Gt'mther, count of Schwarzburg. This mortgage Count Henry of Schivarzhurg
difpofed of, in the year 143 5, to the Eleftor-Palatine and Hanau ;
which transfer was confirmed by the Emperor Sigifmund'm the fame year,
and alfo by the Emperor Maximilian in the year 1499 the latter of whom
;
further borrowed on this mortgage the fum of 6000 Rhenijh guilders of
Philip and Reijthard, counts of Hanau. This long mortgage of the town
afterwards gave rife to a difpute, whether it fiill continued an immediate
and free Imperial town. The Eledor-palatine and the counts of Hanau
urged their right to it as mortgagees and patrons ; notwithffcanding which,
in the year 1734, the Aulic Council declared the town immediate, but
without prejudice to the rights of the mortgagees j and accordingly, in the
year 1735,
it took' its feat and voted in the college of Imperial towns. On
this the mortgagees moved for a fecond hearing againft the fentence of the
Aulic Council ; but the town, already exhaufted by the length of the former
procefs, and other grievances, rather than run itfelf into frefli expences,
the ifilie of which was uncertain, in the time of the Emperor Charles VII.
fubmitted itfelf entirely to the two mortgagees j and, in 1746, Hefc-
Caßel, as proprietor of the county of Ha7iau-Mimze7iberg, purchafed the
Eledlor-palatine's part for 12,000 florins. The caftle near the town, which
is faid to have been ere(fled by the Emperor Frederick I. for his refidence
about the year 1 144, belongs to certain coheirs.
18. The fliare oi Hanau., in the Dreyicher Wildbann, is derived from the
Munzenberg inheritance, which, towards the middle of the thirteenth century,
on the failure of the male-line of Munzenberg, devolved to Hanau.,
by Adelheida, heirefs to Munzenberg. A further account of this Wildbann,
or chace, will occur under the county of Yjenburg, which holds it in common
with the county of Hanau.
f'he

no
GERMANY. [Hanau-Licht.
T'he
Lordship of
HANAU-LICHTENBERG.
§. I. 'TpHE lordfhip of Lichtenberg lies, for the mofl part, in Upper-
-^ Aljhce. An accurate delineation of it may be feen in the beautiful
map of Alface, as publiflied by Ho}na?2}is heirs, which makes the
ninety-eighth in the Atlas of Gcrmzny.
§. 2. This lordfhip formerly enjoyed lords of its own, who failed in the
year 1481 in the perlbn of famcs^ lord of hichtenberg-., on which Anne
and Elizabeth, the furviving daughters of his brother Leivis, made a partition
of the eftate among themfelves. The former of thefe was married
to Philip the Elder, count of Hanau, who thus became proprietor of one
half of the lordfhip of Lichtenberg ; and his great-grandlbn, by his marriage
with Margaret Louifa, daughter to James I. count of Ochfenjtein
and Bitfch, arrived, in the year 1560, to the pofleflion of the other
half, devolved from Elizabeth. On the extinction of the male line of
Hanau- Miinzenberg, in the year 1642, by the deceafe of Count JoknErjifi,
the Lichtenberg line, by virtue of a compact made in the year 1610,
and the fupport of Hejfe-Caffel, obtained the whole county of Hanau-
Munzenberg; to which was tranfmitted not only the third, ceded to Count
Philip I. but alio the lordfhip of Lichtenberg. In the year 1680, Count
Frederick Cafimir of Hanau made over to his coufm, Count Philip Reinhard^
and the male-heirs of his body, the lordfhip of Hanau-Lichtenberg, but
retained the prefecturate of Babenhaufen as an ancient part of the county of
Hanau-Munzenberg. This count dying without heirs, and being fucceeded
in the county of Hanau-Munzenberg, by Count Philip Reitihard, the latter
conferred the lordfhip of Hanau-Lichtenberg on his brother Count John
Reinhard, who furviving him alfo became pofTefTor of the county of Hanau-
Munzenberg. His daughter, Charlotta Chrifti}ia Magdalena Johanna, was
married to Lewis, hereditary Prince of Heße-Darmftadt. The male-line of
//j;i

Solms.]
GERMANY.
§, 4. That part of this country which is fubjed to the French^ I omit aS
defcribed before, and therefore fhall only mention the prefedurates which
ftill continue annexed to the Empire, Thefe are,
1. The prefedturate of Lichtenau, which lies in .Sw^/^/^, on the eaft
fide of the Rhitie,
and contains
Lichtenau, a large handfome village, formerly a town;
The church-villages oiBodersiveyher^Leutelßjeim, commonly called Lehen-
Liitzen, Litix, Freyßatt and Bijchenam Hohai-ßeg, in which the lafl: count
of Hanau built him a very fine feat.
2. The prefedturate of Wilstadt, which together with the foregoing
lies on the river Kinzig, and includes
JVilßadf, a confiderable village.
The church -village of Eckarts Weyher, Old and Neiv-Sandkorf, Legelfhurß,
Eolzhurß and AueJihei?n.
Ill
I'he Lands belonging to the
Fringes of
SOLMS.
§. I. 'T^ H E S E lie in the Wetterau, and of the particular fituation, ex-
-' tent, and nature of each, a defcription fhall be given in the fequel.
§. 2. The counts of ^oJms are fuppofed to be a branch of the counts of
Naßhu, and thus probably are defcended from Otho brother to King Conrad!,
whofe hereditary eftate appears from records to have lain in this
country and at Weilburg, In this ancient houfe are two principal branches,
two firft of thefe are become extind, but the latter, which
is ftill exifting, was in the year 1742 created a Prince of the Empire. The
namely, that of Sobns-Braunfels and that of Sohns-Licb. The former of thefe
was on^e divided into the three collateral lines Braimfeh, Hangen and Greifenßein.
' The
.Sö//??x-Lzti6 line has two collateral ones, namely, i. That of the Z/zV/;-Z/V/6
branch failed, but of which the branch of Lich-hohen-Sohns is ftill in being.
2. That 0^ Sohns-Laubach, of which i. the branch of Laiibach-Laubach is no
more. 2. The branch oi Laubach-Sonne'wald is divided into the two collateral
lines oi Sonnewald'pouch and Somiewald-Sonneivald. 3. The branch of
Laubach-Baruth has three other branches belonging to it, namely, Baruth-
Ajfenheim, Rodelheifn, Baruth-lVildenfeh, and WUdcnfch-Laiibach, Wildcn-
Jelh-Utph, Wildenfeh-lVtldenfelh, and Baruth-Bamth ; the branches of
Sohns-Laubacb-Sonne'ji-ald., and Sobns-Laubach-Barutb, whicli with their
collateral
lines have their eftates in Lujatia and the Eledorate o^ Saxony.
§. 3. The common title of this houfe is count of Schns, lord of Munzenberg,
IVildctifeh, Scnncnivald, (s'c. and the arms for Scbns are topaz
'
a lion

112 G E R M A N Y. [Solms.
a lion faphire ; for Miinzcnherg, party per Je(s topaz and ruby ; for JVildenfels,
topaz a rofe-diamond -, for So/menioald, diamond a lion pearl,
§. 4. The houfe of Solms has a matricular afleffinent of two hundred and
fifty-one fiorins in the following divifions, viz. Hohen-Solms pays for Solms
forty-eight florins ; for Lieh twenty-four florins ; for Braunfels one hundred
and twenty florins j for Rodelheim twenty-four florins, and for Laubacb
thlrtj'-five florins. To the chamber at V/etzlar, Hohen-Solms is taxed at
thirty-feven ruthlr. twenty-one kruitzers ; Braunfels at fifty-nine ruthlr.
forty-five kruitzers j Rodelheim at eighteen ruthlr. fifty-three kruitzers, and
Laidmch in the like fum. The Princes and Counts of Solms belong to the
college of the Imperial counts oi xhzWetterau, and have four votes in it, as
alio a like number in the Diet of the Circle of the Upper-Rhine.
§. 5. From the feniorlhip cuflomary in this houfe are excluded the Saxon
counts of Sohns. The fenior, for the time being, is always the feofi^ee, but
this does not take place in all the fiefs. The lines of Braunfels and Hohen-
Solms are Protefl:ants, Son/ienwald is Catholic, and all the reft profefs Lutberanifm.
§. 6. With rdpedt to the difl:indl ruling-houfes, the pofTefllon of Solms-
Braunfels are,
I. The greateft part of the proper county of Solms, which lies on both
fides the Lahn, and borders on the territories of Naffau and Heffe, and the diftrid
of the city of Wetzlar, being fix hours in length and four broad. This
county abounds in grain and cattle, and has every where iron-mines which
employ feveral founderies and other works. Its mines of copper and filver
great profit.
are not fought after; but its woods, though declining, are ftill an article of
This county was formerly divided into the "vordure and hintereland.
In the former are the prefedfurates of Braunjels and Greifenflein, the
latter of which contains alfo thofe of Hohen-Solms and Königsberg, which
belong to HeJJe-Darmßadt . The name of the hintere-land is ftill in ufe
here. This county is alfo divided according to its rivers, into the IJlhnthally
the land on the Solms and the Mutt, the Wetzthal, Ulmthal, Dillthal,
Lemptbal, and land on the Aar and Kins. In the laft of thefe ftood Ardehe-Gau.
The Prince's prefedurates here are,
I. The prefefturate of Braunfels, containing two towns, one convent,
twenty villages and three manfion-houfes. The moft remarkable places in
it
are,
Braunfels, the Prince's palace, which ftands on a very high hill, and is
of great ftrength, according to the ancient manner of fortification, and contains
in it one church, which alfo ferves the inhabitants of the town.
Without it is the town, which is called Thai, as alfo a place called S. George
which lies beneath it. The palace and town are fupplied with water by
works erefted at the foot of the mountain. In the 17th century the town
was twice deftroyed by fire.
Leun,

Solms.] GERMAN
T.
113
Letoi or Lein, a fmall town feated on tlie Lahii, but very ancient^ beiii-T
known fo early as the year 912, and in 1664 it obtained its cliarter as a
town. In the year 1752, one half of it was deftroyed by fire, but it has
been fince handfomely rebuilt. This place contains an ennobling eftate,
Aitcnburg, or Altenher g, a Prctmonßratenfuin monaftery, inllituted for
ladies, ftands on a hill near the river hahn., and was formerly the relidence
of the counts of Solms, during which it was called .D^z/z^t-/;;;. Near it ftood
a village of the fame name. Not far from this convent is annually held the
highell court of the county of Sohns, and according to ancient cuftom, in
the open air, unlefs in rainy weather, when the convent is the place for it.
The villages of Upper and Lov:er-Biel, the former of which is a churchvillage.
tlie
Burg-Solms, a church-village, in which once flood the original houfe of
counts of Solms.
Upper-Dorf, formerly Upper-Solms, but more anciently Su/mi/heim, a
village annexed to the former parilh, once made a great deal of wine.
The church-villages of Bonbaden and Croftelhach, together v/ith an old
fort ; and Upper-JVetz, in the neighbourhood of which are fome appearances
of a filver ore, as alfo Naubern ; but of this, as likewife of the village
of Lower-Wetz, a part belongs to Najfaii-Weilbiirg.
Schwalbach-, or Little-Schwalbacb., a village containing a medicinal fpring.
Mimchholzhanfen,
a village mortgaged to the barons of Schwalbach.
Schivobbach, Homburg and Magdalcnenhaufen, or Meinhaufen, farms belonging
to the lord of the country.
2. The prefedurate of Greifenstein, in which is one town, twentytwo
villages, and two manfion-houfes belonging to farms, mz.-
Greifenßein, a little town containing a cafUe, which was once very flrong,
but now lies in ruins.
Edingen, a village with a farm, belonging to the lord of the country.
Katzenjurt, a village feated on the Dill, and faid to take its name from
the Catti.
Dabbaufen,
a large village containing a pariüi-church, had formerly fome
copper-works, and thrives at prefent by means of a colony of induftrious
French refugees.
Greijenthal,
a village containing alfo ^French congregation.
The church villages of Dilheim, Koljcbhaufen ivehrdorj, in which is a feat
belonging to the lord of the country ; Ajfelar, Vim Biskirchen, or Bifchofskirchen.
Heifterberg and Elgerß:aufen, farms belonging to the fovereign of the
country.
II. A part of the ancient lordfliip of Munzenbcrg, being a very fruitful
country about four hours in length. To it belongs,
I, The prefedurate of HuNGEN, which from the year 1592
to 167&',
Vol.. V. Q^ belonged

;
114 GERMANY. [Solms.
belongei to a particular line of Sohm-Braunfe/s, and contains in it one towHj
a convent, and nine villages. Its moft remarkable places are,
Hungen, a fmall town feated on the Horlof, the charter of which was
conferred on it in the year 136 1. The count's palace here is large and built
in a gpod tafte. It contains alfo an old palace, at prefent called the Brauhof,
and a manfion-houfe conferring the degree of Nobility. Without the town
is a park for deer.
Langsdorf, a large village having a parifli-church, and an ennobling
manüon-houfe.
The church-villages of Bellerflmm, in which are three ennobling caftles
Mulchetiheim, alfo containing an ennobling caftle, and Villingen.
Armbicrg or Arenspurg, a rich abbey of Beriiardines, feated on the Wetter,
and originally the refidence of the lords of Miinzenberg, during which it
was ci^i^A Ahenburg, but in the year ii49> Cum, Lord of Mufizefiberg,
conferred it on the church as a convent. Its annual revenues are faid to
amount to no lefs than 30,000 florins ; to it belongs the village of JVickßatt,
together with the farms of Kohihaujen and Dorfgull. It has alfo
eftates at Franckfort, Friedberg and Mefitz. In ecclefiaftical affairs it is fub-
]t&. to the archbilhopric of Mefitz.
2. The prefefturate of Wolfersheim, containing
Wolfeßjeim, a fmall town : the old caftle here has been converted info a
large ftately church.
Weckefi:eim,
a village containing a chapel of eafe.
Obernhojen, a church-village, containing an ennobling manfion-houfe.
3. The prefedurate of Gambach, in which is
Gambach, a country-town containing a parifli-church, and which fuffered
by fire in the years 1703, 1715, and 1717.
Griedel, a church-village, containing an old caftle belonging to the fovereign
of the country, as alfo an ennobling eftate.
The church-villages of Holxheim and Dorfgull.
Gnmingen, a fmall town, which, a few houfes excepted, was deftroyed
in ihe thirty years war.
4. The community of Munze7iberg.
Of the fmall town of Munzenberg, Sobii-Braunfeh poftefles i^ parts, and
one half of the village of Treyjz-Munzenberg.
The houfe of Soems-Hoen-Solms. Belonging to it is
I. A part of the proper county of iSii/w-f, confifting of the prefedurate of
HoEN-SoLMs, and containing one town and nine villages. The vaffals here
are all Lutherans, the inhabitants of the refidence excepted, who are Proteftants.
By an agreement made in the year 1638, the houfe of Hejfe-
Darmßadt has retained a fhare of the ecclefiaftical jurifdiöion of this prefefturate.
Hoheti-Solms, the refidence of tlic
counts, and an antique ftrudure ftand-
4 '"g

.
Solms.] GER M A N T.
ing on a high hill, beneath which lies a fmall town called linthale. Both
the caftle and town are fiefs of Hefjc.
The caftle of Old Hoheit-Sclms, commonly called Altenbcrg, flood one
quarter of an hour from Hohtm-Sohns, but in the j-ear i ^^49 was entirely dcftroyed.
The church-villages of Alte^ißetten and Altenkirchen, known in the year
912, zs z\^o Blasbach, containing a quarry of good marble.
II. A part of the former LordHiip of Munzenhej-g, once belonging to a
particular line of the houfe of &//«i, which failed in the year 171 8. ILis
territory contains,
lie;
1. The prefedurate of LicH, confifting of one town and feven vllla^-e?,
the inhabitants of which are all Lutherans. In it is
Lieh, a town feated on the Wetter, the charter of which was conferred
on it in the year 1306, by the Emperor Albert. This place contains a
collegiate church founded in the year 1307; the caftle belonging to it is
very old ; and near this town are Ibme ennobling eftates.
The pariih-villages of Miinjler, Wombach, or Wohnbach, the latter of
which was mortgaged by it to Sohns-Laubach and SodeI ; the laft of thele
pariflies is in the gift of the convent of Ilmßadt, but the houfe of Sohns
nominates the vogt or juftice. At Sodel is alfo an ennobling eftate.
2. The prefedturateof Lower-Weisel, in which are four villages, the
inhabitants Proteftants. In it is
Lonxer-Weifel, a parochial village, in which are both the prefe(5luratehoufe
and a commandery.
Eberjladt,
alfo a parochial village.
3 A part of the community of Mimzenberg, of which Solms-Hohen-Solms
Aths.
The houfe of Solms-Lanbach, comprehending
poflefles
1. The prefecturate of Laub ach, containing one town and fix villages.
In it is
Laubach, a town created fuch in the year 141 9, and the rcfidence of the
counts. Not far from it rifes the river Wetter. Its neighbourhood alio
affords a good fuller's earth.
The parilli-villages of Wetterfeld and Ruppertsbiirg.
Freyenfeen, a parifti-village, formerly an Imperial town, to which the
Emperor Charles V. in the year 1555, granted a municipal charter and patronage,
which was alfo conferred on it by the Emperor Leopold in the year
1659, and by the Emperor Charles VT. in 1713. With xtiptCi to its Liberties,
this place is fubject to the protection ol Hejfe-Darmfiadt ;
but agreeably
to the convention of Marburg in 1639, acknowledges only the counts
of Solms-Laubach for its lords, and as fuch performs homage and other duties
to them. The counts, on their fide, have alio promifed to preferve
them in the quiet enjoyment of all their rights, privileges, immunities,
0^2
ufages

ii6 GERMANY. [Konigfleln.
ufages and acceptance of the public offices, as namely, thofe of the burgomarter,
architect, bellman, huntfman, and fliepherds.
2. The prefecturate of Utphe. In it
Utphe, a large village, fituate on the Horlof, and containing the feat of
the counts.
Treyfzhorhf,
Inh:yden,
a church-village.
a village.
3. A part in the community of Munzenberg^ confifting of ^ parts ia
the town of Mmixetiberg.
1. The prefecturate of the houfe of Solms-Rodelheim, formerly belonged
to the lordfliip of Kronenburg^ and came to count 'John the founder
of the line of Solms-Lich by his wife. It contains one town, five villages,
and one princely feat. In it is
Rodclheim, a large country-town lying on the Nid, and containing the
feat of the counts.
The village of Pj-aunheim, one half of which belongs to Hanau, and the
village of Loiver-Urfel, which Sohns- Rodelheim holds jointly with the city of
Frankfort.
2. The prefecturate of AssENHEiM, formerly belonging to the lordfliip
of Mwizetiberg. In it
Afenheim, a fmall town, having a caftle feated at the conflux of the
Nidda and Wetter. The caftle, which belongs folely to Sohns-Rodelheim,
in the year 1696 was fitted upas a refidence with very elegant improvements.
Of the town fome parts alfo belong to Hanau and IJenbiirg-
Wachtersbach.
The villages of Oßenheim and Barnuheim.
Petericeil, a village and feat, of which Hejfe-Darmßadt has a fhare, but
belongs folely to Sohiis.
the advowfon of it
Neiv-Herberg^ together with a farm and an inn. This houfe has alfo an
eftate in the Imperial city of i7-^;;^w-/, and holds the town and caftle of
Burg Graffenrod, in conjunction with a count of Elz, but its fhare in it
^ contefted by Sohm-Brawifols.
The
County*/'
KONJGSl'EIN,
T lESinthe Wetterau along a Ridge of Mountains called the Hohe^
•*^ and was at firft an appurtenance belonging to the county of Nuringes,.
which afterwards defcended to the lordfliip of Munzenberg. In the thirteenth

Konigftein.] GERMANY. 117
teenth Century, on the failure of the male line of the Munzcnbcrg family,
the five filters, who were married to the houfes of Hanau, Falkenßein,
Weinsberg, Schotiberg and Pappenheim, fucceeded to the whole 71^««-
zenberg eftate, which they at firft governed in common, till four of them,
namely, Weimberg, Scbo?iberg, Pappcnixnm and Hanau, made over their
parts to the counts of F

ii8
GERMANY. [U.Yfenburg,
In the mean time the Eleclor of Metitz., by virtue of that part of the
nominal county of Konigßein, of which he poffelTcd himfelf, votes in the
Diet of the Upper-Rhine, as alfo does the houfe of Stolherg for the fmall part
remaining to it. Both are likewife members of the college of the Imperial
IVetterau counts ; but the Eledor of Mentz. has feparated himfelf from it.
Of the alTcfTment for Konigßeiti, in the matricula of the Empire, Mentz.
pays eighty florins and Stolberg twenty. The contingency of Mentz towards
the chamber at Wetzlar, is included among the general fums payable by
that Eledor, but that of Stolberg is difcontinued.
The Eledlor of Mentz's part confifts of the upper prefedlurate of Konigßein,
in which is
Konigßein, a fmall open town and a demefne : but its caftle, which
ftands on a high rock, is a fief of the Empire.
Upper-VrfeU a little town and a demefne, which, in the year 1625,
fufiered greatly by fire. Near it is the Kreiizkcopelle, or Chapel of the
Crofs, to which, on the days of the invention and exaltation of the crofs,
crowds of pilgrims refort.
The Kellerey of Neiienhayn, the places of which were, on the death of
Count Cbrißophcr of Stolberg, feized by the Elector-palatine as adminiftrator
of the convent of Limpurg ; but, in the year 1650, he ceded them to
Mentz.
Neiie7ihayn, a parochial-village.
Sulzbach and Soden, free Imperial villages, in which the Ele(Sor of Mentz
and the Imperial city of Frankfort, jointly appoint the chief magiflrates.
The
laft of thefe has fome falt-pits and a medicinal bath.
The Kellerey of Vilbel, which is held in common with that of Hanau.
The little town ofthat name lies on the river Nid.
The Kellerey of Epßein, to which belongs one half of the town and
caflle of Epftehi and the other half to Hejfe-Dartnjladt. The caflle in it is
a fief belonging to Mentz, but the town is a demefne.
The Kellery of Rockenberg lies along the Wetter. In it is
Rockenberg, or Rockenburg, a parochial-village and caftle, fituate in a
rocky territory on the Wetter, and a demefne. Near it ftands Marie?iJchlofz,
a nunnery of Ciflercians.
The Stolberg part of the county of Konigßein is divided betwixt two
houfes.
1. The princely houfe oi Stolberg-Gciidern pofTeffes.
Geldern, or Gedern, a town which is the Prince's refidence.
Ranfiatt, a town, together with the villages of Volkerß.^eitn and VJenborn.
2. To the count of Stolberg-tioßa belong
Two thirds of the town and caftle of Ordenburg.
Of the town and caftle of Munzenberg, ~^.
Five villages and -^i of the village of Heiijhclheim.
The

U.Yfcnburg.] GERMANY, 119
7he
UPPER -
County of
r S E N B U R G,
§. I. T lES in the Wetterau, and is well reprefented in the above-mentioned
map of the county oi Hanau. It is called Uppcr-Ifenburo-^
or Ijeiiburg, by way of diftindlion from the county of Loii)er-Ifeiibnrf>\,
in the Palatinate ; and confifts properly of the lordfliip of Budin'^cn^
which, in the year 1442, was raifed to a county. Excluüve of the
Reichsfort at Drcyeichen, which lies on the fouth fide of the Mayne, this
county extends from the prefedturate oi Bucberthal, in the county of Hanau
as far as Vogehherg. It is a fine corn country, containing alfo good
pafturage, and fome parts of it likewife produce wine. In it too are fome
confiderable woods. '^'^dX q{ Büdingen in particular is one of the befl: Imperial
fiefs belonging to the counts of Ifenburg. Thefe counts have likewife
purchafed the poft of great-forrefler of Gehihaujen. The country is
watered by feveral little ftreams; as, namely, the Kinzig, Semen and Nidder.
§. 2. The counts of IJhiburg, whofe refidence and eftate lay in the
territories of the Middle-Rhine, are defcendcd from Henry, lord of Ifenburg,
who lived in the thirteenth century. His fons, Lewis and Gerlach,
being the founders of the Ife?iburg-Buditjgen and Jjenburg-Grenfau
lines. Count Le'wis married Helwiga, eldefl daughter of Cerlach, lafi:
lord of Büdingen, and by her inherited part of the lordHiip of Büdingen,
and his defcendents, as coheirs, or by purchafe, are in polfeffion of other
parts of it : that is to fay, towards the beginning of the fourteenth century,
on failure of the male-line of Büdingen, the whole fucccfiion became divided
among IJenburg, Braunek, Breuberg and T^rimburg, as hufbands of
the four 'daughters oi Gerlach, the laft lord of 5W/;7^t'« ; but the houfe of
Brauneck failing in the year 1390, its part, by virtue of a ftipulated fuccefiion,
devolved to the other three heirs ; and, on the fubfcquent extinction
of the male-line of Breuberg, the lord of Ifenburg and a lord of Epftein
being married to the two coheirefies of Breuberg, who were counteffcs of
Wertheim, one half of the Breuberg fliare devolved to the lord of Ifenburg
and the other half to Epftein, and is flill in the poffeffion of the houfe of Stolberg.
Trimburg alfo dying afterwards without heirs, his fhare, by coheir-
Ihip and purchafe, became divided among the houfes of IJenburg, Rodenftein
and Hanau. The laft of thefe has alfo purchafed another part, and
Heffl'-Darmftadt holds the Rodenftein eflate by right of conqueft.
The houfe of IJenburg is at prelent divided into two lines ; viz.
I . that of Ifenburg-OJfenbacb-BirJtein, of which IJhiburg-Philifs-Eicb h
a coL-

:
i2o G-E R M A N r. [U.Yfenburg,
a collateral branch. The former of thefe, in the year 1744, was created
a Prince of the Empire ; the latter (lill continues counts. 2. That of
Ifenburg-Budingcn, which is divided into IJcnburg-Biidi?tgen, Jfenburg'
IVacherbacb and IJeitburg-Mecrhoh.
§.3. The prelcnt counts of IJenburg ftyle themfelves counts of Ijenhurg
and Büdingen. Their arms are pearl two bars diamond ; and the Biidingen
coat, which hfaphire, a lion topaz, is not borne by the houfe oi Ifenburg.
^. 4. The four ruling lines of the houfe of Jfejiburg fit in the college of
the Imperial counts o\ Wettci'au., and alfo in the Diets of the Circle of the
XJpper-Rbinc. Of this county's matricular allefTment Ifenbui-g-Birftein
pays fixty-nine florins, fifty-lix kruitzers ; Ijcnbiirg-Biidingen twenty-three
tiorins, forty-two kruitzers and a half; Ijenburg-JVackersbach, twenty"
two florins fixteen kruitzers ; Ifenburg- Meerholz, fourteen florins, nineteen
kruitzers and three quarters, and Hejfe-Darmftadt twenty-eight florins.
Towards the contingent of the Circle, thefeveral houfes oi Ifenbiirg furnifh
two companies. To the chamber at Wetzlar, Birjtein pays fcrty-feven
rixdollars, thirty-five kruitzers and a half; Büdingen, fixteen rixdollars,
five kruitzers and a half ; JVachtersbach, fifteen rixdollars, eight kruitzers
Meerholz, nine rixdollars, fixty-four kruitzers ; and Heß'e-Darjjijtadt, for
IJenburg, twenty-five rixdollars, thirty-three kruitzers and three quarters.
§. 5, Of this county
The princely line of Ifenburg-Birftein pofi!efles,
1. The diftrict of Birjtein, containing
Birjtein,
its neighbourhood.
a town with the Prince's palace in it and very good iron-mines in
2. The diftrict of i^f/rZ>i?;//^ß

U. Yfenbiirg.] GERMAN
K 121
Hayn-zur Dreyeichen, or im Hayt?, a little town, feated about three
hours from Frankfort. Its caftle was formerly called Hagen, and was the
refidence of the lords of Hagen, who afterwards, in the year 1 1
74, removing
to Munz.enberg, afllimed the title. This place is the centre of the
old Imperial forefl: o^ Dreyeichen, in which the ancient Emperors ufed frequently
to hunt. It formed a confiderable parcel of the Imperial demefnes
about the Rhine and Mayn, and comprehended within its circuit a great
part of the Rheiiigau. The places in it, which ftill pay the fees for the
Dreyeichcr chace, being in ancient records and narratives placed in the Pagus
Rheinenjis. It alfo included a large part of the ancient Mayngau and
Niedgau ; and within it, at prefent, lye the woods of Bieg, Rüder, Diepurg
and the marcs of Anheim, as alfo the villages in them, which pay their
yearly hunting-tax to the foreft-offices at i)ri?}r/VZ)f;/, belonging to the two
lordihips oi Ifenburg and Hanau. With refpedt to the ancient fuperintendency
at Hagen or Munzenbcrg, or the patronage over the Imperial foreft of
Dreyeichen, on the extindlion of the male line of the lords of Hagen or
Munzenbcrg, who had held it as a fief of the Empire, itdefcended all but one
fixth, which Hanau referved, to the houfe of Falkenftein, and afterwards
jointly to Sayn and Ifenburg ; but, in the year 1648, Count Lewis having
made an abfolute purchafc of the part of Sayn, which had been before
mortgaged to him, he procured the Emperor's patent as fole forrefter. This
country continues ftill, in a particular fenfe, to be termed Das Reich, i. e.
'
the Kingdom, or Empire.'
New-TJenburg, a new and regular built town, founded by a colony of
French Refugees.
Sprendlingen, or Sprengungen, a country-town.
Philips-Eich, the refidence of an appenaged line of Ifenburg.
Geinßeim, a village, feated on the Rhine, the government or patronage
of which is lodged in the houfe of Ifenburg, but as a fief of the convent of
St. Jacob's-Berg at Menfz.
77)e Lim of the Counts of Ifenburg-Budingcii.
To it belongs, i. The diftridl of Büdingen, containing
Büdingen, afmall town, but the capital of the whole county, which obtained
its charter in the year 1353. The palace here has a fine parterre,
contiguous to which is the orphan-houfe, in which a woollen manufacture
is carried on. The free-fchool here was founded in the year 1606 by Count
Wolfgang Erneß. Exclufive too of the new fuburb, without the town lies
alfo a place called
Great-Dorf, in which is an ennobling manfion-houfe, and not far from
it a feat with a park for deer, and falt-works. In its neighbourhood alfo grows
a good fort of wine.
Vol. V. R Hernhag,

.
.
122 GERMANY. [U. Yfenburg..
Hernbtig, a place built by the Herrtih liters, or Mora'-jians, on an efliate
which is exempt from all imports or fervices whatever ; but by a fubfequent
order of the Prince, in the year 1750, all perfons rerufing to renounce
that feet were to depart the place.
Chrißtnenhof\
a manfion-houfe containing a farm belonging to the Prince.
2. The diftridt of Dudclflmm, or Dilßjeim, containing
Dilß.^eim, a church-village, of which the half belonging to this diftri

Rhinegravcs.] GERMANY. 12
Of the Wild ^;^^ Rhine-graves in general.
§. I. '"T^HE county and lordHiips of the Wild and Rbitte-graves are to he
* feen in the fecond and a part on the firft leaf of Hamann'^ map
of the courfe of the Rh'nic, betwixt Bafcl and Bonn^ lying difpcrfed.
§.2. The number o{ JVahi, or irUd, or Rnu-graves, in Lafin called
C0T}::fes faltiuirii, foreßarü, ßheßf-es & hirfuti, was formerly greater than
at prefent, and they were fo called from their rude and woody territories :
See Baron Setikenberg\ Meditat. jcijcx. page 6. Conrad, the founder of the
Wtldgraves in queftion here, lived in the twelfth century, and his brother
was Emich, Raugrave of Bojnenburg, from whom are defcencled the Rüu~
graves, whofe eftates were Oid and Neiv-Ba^nberg, or Bmimberg, Slolzetiuag,
Simmcrn, Stromberg, Sec. which are now in different hands. Gerhard, fon
to the Wild-grave Conrad, had a fon named Conrad, who alfo had two fons,
Emich and Gcdjrey. In the former of thefe commenced the ancient line
of the WUdgraves of Kirburg, and Godjrey was the founder of that of
Dhaiin ; but in the year 1349 or 1350, the latter failed in the perfon of the
IVi/d-grave jfobn j on which, agreeably to a convention and the confent of
the Wi/d-graves of Kirburg, in the year 1 1^^^, the effeds, lands, titles and
arms belonging to it devolved to the Rhi/ic-gravc houfe, Hedwig, filler of
John, the laft IVild-grave, being married to the Rhine-grave John I. The
Kirburg line came to a period in the year 1409, by the deceafe of the
Wild-grave Otho, and his father Frederick having, in the year 1355, entered
into a compacft relating to the fucceffion with John III. who was alio
married to Adelheida, daughter to the Wild-grave Gerhard II. the whole
eftate of the WUdgraves, whether property or fiefs, fell to the Rhine-grave
family, whofe origin is deduced from the Rhine-grave Adelheim, who lived
in the eighth century ; but its genealogical regifter, which begins with the
Rhinegrave Sigfrid, who lived in the twelfth century, is the mod authentic
voucher. John VI, now both ,. Wild and Rhine-grave, who died in the
year 1499, ^^^^ ^^° ^"^''^> '^^ whom the eldeft gave origin to the fecond line
o( Hanau, and John, the youngeflr, was the patriarch of the fecond Kirburg
line. The latter, in the year 1688, failed in the fifth degree, in the perfon
of John X. but the former, which was propagated by Philip Francis,
fon to Philip, became, by his three fons, divided into three other lines,
Frederick the eldefl: founding Salm ; John Chriftopher, the fecond, that of
Grumbach ; and the third fon, Adolphus Henry, the particular line of
Dbaun. Of the Salm line, which, by Philip Otho and Frederick Magnus,
fons to Frederick, became divided into the princely line of Salm and the
collateral one of Flanders ; the latter of which now enjoys the cflate and
title of the former^ and is fubdivided into thofe of Hoogjlraat and Loes ; an
R 2
account

124 GERMANY. [Rhinegraves.
account has been given in p. 84. The Grumbach line has been continued
by yt/j«, Ton to John Chrijhfher, and his grandfon Adolphus ; whofe fon,
Leopold Philip William, was the founder of this particular Hne of Grumbach,
as his other fon, Frederick William, was of that of /S/f/«. The particular
Dhaim Une failed, in the year 1750, in Frederick William.
§. 3. Ever fince theRhiuegrave houfe devolved to the poffeflion of the Wildbraves
eftates, all its branches have borne the title and arms, as Wildgravcs
of Dhaun and Kirburg, Rhinegraves of Siein, and Counts of Saim, though each
in reality pofl'efles but one of thefe counties. They alfo ftile themfelves from
the lordihips of Pin/lingen and Puttlingen. The family arms of the Wildgraves
are diamond a lion rampant, crowned pearl j and of the Rhinegraves,
topaz, a lion ruby, with a crown faphire ; for Kirburg they bear ruby three
lions topaz; for Salm, ruby two ialmons pearl, with four crofslets ; for
Vinßingen, a fefs
pearl.
§. 4. Every reigning houfe fits and votes both in the college of the Imperial
counts of the Wettcraii and in the Diets of the Circle of the Upper-
Rhine. In the matricula of the Empire, their afleflment is four horfemen
and twelve foot, or ninety-fix florins ; but other efi:imates make it only
feventy-five florins, forty-five kruitzers, which are divided in the following
manner, viz. Stein pays twenty-three florins, Grumbach nineteen florins
fifteen kruitzers, i)/j

Rhinegraves.] GERMANY, 125
The Line of the Counts of Grumbach, pojfeffes,
1. The lordihip and prefedurate of Grimihach on the river Glan^ which
runs into the Nahe. In this territory are found amethyfts, agate, cornelians
and mocha-ftones.
Grumbach^ the capital, is a municipal town feated in a valley not far
from Lautereck, and above it on a rock is the refidentiary feat of the line of
Grumbach.
Sulzbach is a village in it, and the place of interment of the Grumbach
family.
2. Of the eftate of the late line of Kirburg, the houfe oi Grumbach,
purfuant to an act of partition made in 170 1, poffefles,
The lordfliip of T'roiieckc?!, or Dronccken, which lies on the Hunfrucky
conftituting a prefecturate of fourteen villages; two of which are Catholic
and twelve Lutheran. Its yearly produce is computed at about 2400 floäns.
In it we (hall take notice of 'Tro7iccke?2y a feat and village fituate on the rivulet
of 'Tron.
Talfang, a market town, in which the Lutheran vafTals of this lordfhip
have their church. The tythes of this place are payable to the abbey of
St. Maximin at 'Trier i, which has afligned one third to the convent of
St.
A/i?ie in Triers and the Romißj priefls of this town..
The Line ö/" //^g R h i n e g r a ve s ö/" S t e i n, poffejfes'^
I. The Rhinegraveate o( Stein, or as it is alio called the county of i?/vWgrafenßdn,
lying on the Nahe. In it is
Rheingrafenjlein, once the refidentiary caftle, and ilanding on a higlv
rock on the Nahe. It was formerly a very ftrong and formidable place,
but in the year 1688, the French, incenfed at the fi^mr^efs of the Rhinegrave
Frederick William, demoürtied it. Near this caftle formerly flood
the Affenßein, or Jpe-jlonc
Munßer-am-Stein, a fmall village lying between the caflle on the otherfide
of the Nahe, and containing falt-works.
Under, or Gau-Grefweiler, or (imply Grehweiler, feated near the little
river Appel, on the demolition of the caftle oi Rheingrajenftcin, became the
refidence of the IVild zx\6. Rhinegraves oi Stein, who in the year 1747 built
there a very (lately feat. This little place was endowed with fo many privileges
and fo greatly improved by the counts John, Charles Lewis, and
Charles Magnus, that it is now grown to a little town. In the year 1501,
the Palfgrave John purchafed three fourths of it from Frederick Derne, and
in 1553 fold it again to CarfiUus Beyer of Bellenhqfen, who alfo made a purchafe
of the other fourth from the familv oi Gronenberg, whofe defcendants
fol 1

126 GERMANY. [Rhinegraves.
fold It abfolutely and hereditarily to the Wild and Rhi?ie-graves for 10,000
florins. In 1698, the Elector-palatine divefted himfelf of the hereditary
light of hunting here.
Hochjlett^n, Lower-Uaufen, Miinßer-AppcU Upper-Haiifen., Alfenz. and
IVinterborn, in all which the Elector-palatine enjoyed the right of hunting
and villenage; but in the year 1698 refigned them.
2. Of the inheritance of the late lines oi Kirburg this houfe by a decree
of partition made in
the year 1701 obtained.
1. The lordfhip and prefecturate of Wildenburg on the Hunsrucke,
and a fief of Tr/fr^ ; its produce about 1700 florins /»^r annum. In it is
WiUcnhurg^ a caftle ftanding on a high hill in a foreft, and built in the
beginning of the 14th century by the IVildgrave Frederick. The little village
which once flood in the valley below it is at prefent deftroyed.
The villages of Keffeld, Schauen, Bruchweiler, Seifziveiler, Veitzrath,
Kirfclnveiler, Breiderthal, Sonnfchied, Hottenbach, Elkrß.iaufen, Upper-Htif-
Jenbach, Herborn, ylfzbach, Siipß:aufen and Hirfchjeld.
2. The precinct of Worßatt m the upper prefecturate oi Alzey in the
Palatinate, which annually brings in about 1300 florins, and exclufive of
the large village of Worßatt contains alfo thofe oi Eichloch, Steinbockenheitn,
and JVendelßjeim, in all which places the Elector-palatine had a right of hunting,
till in the year 1698 he refigned it for other confiderations.
The D H A u N Line^ P^Jf'^Iß^
1. The Wildgravate of Dhaun on the Hunß-ucke, along the river Simmern,
near its influx into the Nahe. To it belongs
Dhaun, a fine feat flanding on a high hill near the river Simmern, whers
the family of i)^^z/Ä, which is at prefent become extinct, refided. Near it
formerly flood the Wildgrave caftle of Bnmkefißein-am-Rothctiburg, but a
lord of Oberßein having made himfelf mafter of it,
at length caufed it
to be razed.
the JVildgrave Frederick,
St. yohajincsberg, a church fituate near Dhatin, and the place of interment
of the Wild and Rhine-graves of that family. Baldwin, archbifliop of
Triers, in the year 1342, conferred the houfe of St. jfohannaberg, as a
fief on the Wildgrave John of Dhaiin on his demohfliing the caftle of ßrz/«-
kenßein, which however was not long after rebuilt.
2. A part of the Kirn, a fmall town feated on the Nahe.
3. Of the Kirburg eftate, the line of Dhaun, in the year 1701 inherited.
The villages of Flonheim and Ußhoßen, and in exchange received Bornheim
and Upper-Saulheim, all lying Vv'ithin the upper prefecturate of Alfey,
belonging to the Palatinate; but the Elector, in 1698, renounced his right
of hunting in thefe grounds. The annual produce of them is above 3000
florins. In it lies
Tlie

Rhinegraves.] GERMANY. 127
The lordfhip and prefecturate of Diemringen or Dimmeringen in
Weflreich in the county of Saariüerdeu. In the year 171 8 the Dbaipi line
took pofleffion of it, though both the houfe of Grumbach and alfo that of
Stein laid claim to one third. Diemriiigen, the principal place in it, is a
market-town.
4, In the principality of 5^/;;?, one half of 5/^, Gefcll, Giitbrunn., Saßi^
and Wagenhach ; but of Stcinthal and Deutjch-Rumpach oaiy one third.
5. The lordlhip of Puttlingcn, in French Putelange, in JVe/ireich, being
an old fief of the bilhopric of Mentx, and which from the barons of Ericbingen,
devolved to the Kirkburg line of the WildTxnd Rhine-grave houfe, on
the extinction of whom the Dhaiin line fiicceed to it. That line failing in
the year 1750, in the ^pz:ion oi Frederick fFilHam, tht Rhinegrave howics
of Grumbach and Stein put themfelves into polfeluun of one half of the
country, and the other part devolved to the Princes of Salm-Sahii and Sa!m-
Kirburg. The lafl of thefe inlifled on the whole eflate, vvhilft the former
required only one half, and the grounds of their claim were thefe : The
right of community implies a right of inheritance and fucceffion to the fiefs;
both the houfes of the Wildgraves were in community with the extinguilhed
line, confequently both are entitled to the inheritance and the fuccellion to
the fiefs without any regard to the degree of confanguinity. But this claim,
derived from community, the Princes of SaJm will not admit, and in fome
refpedls even call in queflion the community of the two Rhitigrave families,
affirming that in the inheritance the degree of confanguinity is to take place
of all other confiderations. The procefs is ftill depending.
Obf. I. The upper prefefturate of Meddersheim on i\\Q Nahe is jointly
held by the Prince of Salm-Kirburg and the Rhinegrave of Grumbach
and Stei?!.
2. Of the inId and Rhine-grave's fliare in the lordlhip of Rhaunen which
is environed by the pofterior lordiliip of Spanheim fome account has already
been given.
3. The lordfliip or county of Morchingen, by the French called Morange,
by the Germans Lorraine, was brought by 'Johanna or yohannetta, daughter
of Simon Count Salms, to her huiband John V. Wild and Rhine-grave, and
afterwards defcended to John Vll. founder of the Kirburg line. On the
failure of its male branches the JVihi and Rhine-grave houfe endeavoured to
retain the lordfliip, but by a decree of the Council of State of Lunevilie, in
the year 1729, it was adjudged to the defcendants of the daughters of John
Cafimir and George Frederick, counts of Kirburg Morchitigen. The principal
place in it is a market-town.
Of

128 'GERMANY, [Lemingen.
Of the
County and House of
L E I N I N G E N in general.
§. i.'T'^HE bed view of the county o{ Lehn'f?gen is to be had in Ho-
-* mann\ rnap of the archbiüiopric of JVcnns. It lies in the ancient
Worjjjfgau-, not far from the Upper Rbint\ and even partly on it, and is
moftly environed by the Palatinate, excepting that psrt which borders on the
lordfliips oi Kircbheim and Stauf&nd belongs to Nußciii V/eilburg. A fmall
part alfo joins the territories of JVorms and Spires. 1 he foil here is very fertile,
abounding in wood and game, and having alfo copper and iron mines,
with good quarries of ftone.
§. 2. The firft count of heiningen, of whom we have any certain account,
is Emich, who lived in the I2th century. Of another Emich, perhaps
his fon, a record is ftill in being in which he ftiles himfelf, by the
Grace of God, a phrafe ufed by his defcendants. In the beginning of the
13th century Frederick count oi Leiningeti inherited from his brother Sigifmwjd
lord of Altorj\ the county of Dachiburg, which had defcended to the
latter as the portion of his wife Gertrude daughter to Albert the lafl: count
o^ Dachsburg. In the years 13 17 and 1 3 1 8 a partition of the Z/i'/;;/«^^«
eftates was made betwixt Frederick IV. and his brother Godfrey, fo as to
give rife to two feparate houfes.
Of the antient family of the Counts ö/' Leiningen,
and that (j/^Westerburg which fucceeded it.
-§. I. 'T^ H E ancient houfe o^ Leiningen derives its origin from the above-
-*•
mentioned Count Frederick IV. and obtained from the Emperor
the dignity of Landgrave, at that time fynonimous with that of Prince, in
which Hejfe was confirmed by the Emperor F;Wfr/V^ III. But in 1467 the
Landgravate houfe of Leivingen failed on his deceafe. He left, however, a
fifter behind him named Margaret, who was married to Reinhard II. lord
of JVeßerburg, and fucceeded to all her brother's lordfliips, moft: of which
were patrimonial. But the Eleclor-palatine and the bilhop of JVornis reaffumed
all the male fiefs, which the, at prefent, extind line of Z,f/«/;;^^«
had held of them ; and Margaret the heirefs unable to aflert her claim
againft her competitor Count Etnich VII. of the younger or Hartenburg
houfe, put herfelf under the protedion of the Eledor-palatine and in return

Lelningen.] GERMANY. 129
turn for his afliftance made over to the eledoral-houfe a confiderable part
of the patrimonial eflates. From the years 1468 to 1608 the counts of
Hartenburg made no further pretenfions to the Landgrave Heje's fuccefllon;
but in the lafl: year renewed them. From 1618 to 1627 ^ procefs was
carried on with great vehemence by both houfes j and in 1705 it broke out
anew with the fame animofity.
The Weßerburg houfe, which, in the manner above-mentioned had .fucceeded
to the name and eftateof the old Leiningc7i line is defcended from
the houfe of Ru7jkel, for Sigfrid, lord oi Rimkel in the year 1226 made
a convention betwixt his two fons, who were the founders of the Weße}--
btirg And Rimkel lines; but a perpetual variance prevailing amono- them,
whilflthey held the eftate in common, in the year 1288 they came to a partition,
by which the old line obtained Weßei-burg and Sch^deck, and Rtcukel
became the portion of the younger. In the year 1290 the former acquired
by marriage the lordfliip of Schaucnbiirg on the Lahi, and a part alfo of
Kleebcrg and Huttenberg; and in the year 1467, Reinhard II. oi JVt-ßerbiit g,
by his fpoufe Margaret^ arrived to the poffeffion of the lordfliips of the ancient
houfe oi Leiningen., at that time but jufl: become extindl. His fons
Pi.ilip George and Reinhard IV. agreed on a divifion of the eftates ; Lciningen
to fall to the ihare of the eldeft; the fecond to have Schauenburrr and
Kleeberg; and Weßerburg and Schadeck to defcend to the youngeft. In the
year 1557 they alfo entered into an aft of fucceffion, by which the daughters
were excluded. The two firfl lines failing, their poffeflions efcheated to
the laft, which ever fince the year 1694 is again become divided into two
lines, namely, the Chriflopher line founded by Chrißopher Chrißian, fon to
Count George William., and the George line which began in George. The
refidence of the former of thefe is at Grunjladt, and that of the latter at
Weßerburg ; though thefe places being held in common, both lines have
their refpective houfes at them.
§. 2. The tide of this houfe is Count of Lelningen., Lord of Wefterbur 'r,
Grunßadt.,'Upper-Brunn and Forbach., and Baron of the Sacred Roman Empire.
The arms oi Leiningen are faphire, three eagles pearl, and the creft a lindcntree
; thofe of Weßerburg, ruby, a crofs topaz fifnee with crofslets, and the
creft a red-wing.
§. 3. This houfe votes at the general Diet among the Wetterau counts of
the Empire, and likewife in the Diet of the Circle of the Upper Rhine. Its
affefTment in the tnatricula of the Empire is two horfe and four footmen, or
forty florins per month ; but in another place I find it only thirty-fix florins
twenty-fix kruitzers. To the chamber of Wetzlar it pays forty rix-dollars
thirty-four kruitzers and three fourths.
§. 4. Its poffeflions are,
I. A part of the county o^ Leiningen, of which
I. Both the prefent lines jointly poffefs
Vol. V. S Grunfladt,

30 GER M ANT. [Lemlngen.
Grnnßchlf, a pretty large town with flreight ftrects in it and handlbme
lioures. This place lies in a plain near a high mountain. In it are two
refidences belonging to the counts which were built fmce the decay of the
old Lcin'uigen feats, and called the Upper and Loivcr-Courts. The former
of thefc belongs to the George line, who rebuilt it quite anew. The latter,
of which the Chriflopher line is owner, was formerly an abbey, but purchafcd
of the abbot together with all its appurtenances, which at that time
were very confiderable. The ancient great church here is in the hands of
the Liiitheram. The Proteftantj, after much oppofition, have obtained permiillon
by confent of the tvfo lines and the burghers to build themfelves a
church ; and in 1673 the exercife of their religion was alfo granted to the
, 7?(?;;w« Catholics. In 1703 2i Capuchin convent was eredled jufl: without a
gate of the town. In the fuburl)s is an orphan-houfe, and to the town belongs
a large trad: of corn-land and vineyards, which with its markets and
fairs give it
a very thriving traffic.
Hunningen, anciently Monaßerium Hegenenfe^ and a convent of Aiigiißines,
lies in heininger vale, and ever fince the year 1450 has been called
Hayn. This convent was founded in the 12th century, and at the time of
the Reformation the Monks one and all voluntarily embraced Lutherani[m.
The Latin fchool here was brought to a period by the thirty years war.
The county-paüors and fchoolmafters are now paid out of the revenues of
the convent. To it belongs Neuhoj\ a neighbouring manfion-houfe, with
its grounds.
Wattenheim., a village mortgaged to the family of Bhimenkron.
The church-villages of Munchweiler and Gambach, which in the year
1705 Count Wiefer poffefled himfelf of under a pretext of their being allodial,
and which has occafioned a procefs before the aulic council.
Hoch-Speyer, a parochial village, of which only two thirds belong to the
joint-tenure, but the houfe of Leiningen-Hartefiburg, taking poffeffion of
them, a procefs commenced alfo for this part before the aulic council.
^cirnheim, a village held as a fief by the Me7-z family. To it belongs
the farm of Busbar,
or Eufdnveiler.
Obf The inhabitants of Rodejjbach were formerly fubjedl to Leiningen-
Weßerbicrg, but the Elector-palatine has affumed the fovereignty over them.
II.
The Chrifiopher line poflelles
Old-Leiningeny a caftle {landing on a high hill in the vale of Leiningen,
and which was deftroyed by the French. Beneath it in the vale lies a
church-village of the fame name.
Hertlingßanfen, a village, in which once was a nunnery, but it went to
ruin long before the Reformation.
The Hintere Gericht, as it is called, comprehending the church-villages
of Dieffenthal, Ebertßoeitn, and Wachenheim, in which is an old ruined
caftle and an ennobling manfion-houfe, together with the villages of Merteß:eim.

Wefterburg.] GERMAN T.
teßmm. The chapel in the laft of thefe fince the year 1680 has been in the
poflelTion of the Capiuh'mes.
Kirchheim, SauJJtmhdm, and Bijfcrß:eim, three church-villages.
Neuhof, Wilbel}ni7ihoJ\ and the manfion-houfe near the caftle of Old-
Leiningetiy belong to the reigning family.
III. The George line is fole proprietor of
Ne'w-Lei?2i}2ge}i, a little town, lying in the vale of Leiningcr, and held
in common with the billiop of Worms, whofe half it pofTelTes as a fief. lu
this place once ftood a callle which was demoli (lied by the French.
Affelheifji, Albßmm, Lantcrßmm and Monßjcim, all parochial-villages.
Obrigheim, a confiderable village.
A great number of farms on the Matzenberg and in the vale of Leinitiger,
as alfo Nackerhofznd thofe oi Peckenkanfen.
131
The Lordship of
TTESTERBURG.
§. I. 'T~^HE beft view of it is taken in the third le^f of Homam's map of
' the dominions of Heße-Darmßadt and the lands adjacent. This
lordfliip lies in the Weßerivald^, betwixt Montabaur, a prefedurate of the
Eleftor of Triers and the territories of Naßau, being about two hours in
circumference.
§.2. In it are fine paftures and confequently exxellent fheep and horned
cattle. It produces alio rye, barley, oats and pulfe, with plenty of very
fine earth-nuts, as alfo all kinds of fruits. The woods here are thinned,
but it has a remarkable mine of wood-coal, which fufiices of itfelf to furnifli
the neighbourhood with fuel. The colour, filaments and twigs of the
coal manifelt it tobe real wood, and the depth of the vein is about twenty
feet. It breeds deer and other game, and its rivers abound in trout and
cray-fiHi, its ponds in pike, carp and other kinds.
§. 3. This lordfliip commenced, in the year 878, together with the
abbey of Gemunden. Of the lords of Wefierbiirg an account has been
given
above.
§. 4. The lordfliip contains
* That is according to the prefent extenfive import of the word JFeßerwal.i ; for, oritrinally,
the lordfliip of Weßenvald, confifted only of the three church-villages of Emmerkhenhayn,
Marienberg and 'Neukirchcn, belonging to the Nqffuu family ; but thefe names have been
extended to the neighbouring countries. The ancient name of /Fr//fnra/(/ was Niflrla, which
it derived from the river Nijhr, and by degrees was altered to IVijlcr, and at Jcagth to IVeßcr.
S 2 I. The

y
132 GERMANY. [Wefterburg,
I. The johit pari of both the hoiifeSy 'which conßßs of
JVeßerburg, which (lands on a mountain and received its charter from the
Emperor AdaJphm of Naffau. One third of it belongs to the Chrißophcr
line, and the George hne owns the other two thirds, beßdes its very ancient
caftle ; and the former, in lieu of its fhare, is fole proprietor of the feat of
the counts which ftands in the town. Here is ftill a Burgfitz, or fortified
houle, known by the name of Steinknut. In the vale lies a large
fuburb called LehrgaJJ'e.
II. The feparate part of the Chriftopher Liney includes
Wilmenroth^ a parochial-village ; Berzhann, a large village, and Gerfajfen^
a village, with a manfion-houfe in it belonging to the lord of the country»,
together with a part of Gerkcnrotb.
III.
The partfeparately beloiTgi?tg to the George Li?ie contains,
1. The jurifdiction of Gf/wWt';;, including
Geiminden, a large parochial-village with a yearly fair. To this church
anciently belonged twenty-four prebendaries, who were inftituted in the
year 878.
Winnen, a village ; in it a manfion-houfe belonging to the Count.
Wcngeroth, a village, in which the count has a delightful villa.
NirjihauJ'en,
a fmall village.
2. The upper territory, to which belong the villages of Hergeroth, Haltsand
Stablhofen.
%. 5. In this lordfliip are alfo reckoned
JVeltersbujg, or JValtersberg, a walled country-town, of vs'hich both
houfes are joint-proprietors. This place was formerly a lordfliip belonging
to the houfe 01 Sayn, and which, by virtue of a marriage, in the
year 1355, defcended in part to the houfe of Wcjterburg. The town
itfelf enjoys fome privileges, though the inhabitants are fubjedl to the right
of villenage, and contains a church which is incorporated with the abbeychurch
of Salz. Its caftle, which ftood on the fummit of a mountain,
lies at prefent in ruins ; but in the town are two burghaufes.
St. Leomird, a chapel lying in its neighbourhood and on the frontiers
cf this lord^ip, being very famous and much reforted to.
The lordlliip of Schadeck on the Lahn, oppofite to the town ofRuiikel,
belongs
alfo in common to the two lines. It confifts of the ancient caflile and
town of Schadecky both (landing on a hill, and of feveral eftates and manors.
The

Weftcrburg.] GERMANY. 133
Thecaftle here was built about the year 1250, in the time of the feuds betwixt
the two lines of Wejterburg and Rimkcl. It is the ufual refidence of the
dowagers. The town has its own parochial-church. The greatefl: part of
this lordfhip, with refpedl to its fovereignty and paflurage, is common alfo
to the counts oi Wid-Runkcl ; and within this common traft is an ancient
fepulchral-cburch called Wenigen-Vihnm\ in which both Schackck and
Ru7ikel inter their dead. Near it is alfo the place where, \r\ May, the
Schultheiß:?; and Schcffen, or principal civil-officers, hold a court in the
open air. The whole lordlliip is mortgaged for looo florins.
Obf. The lord(hip of Fcr'oach, which conftitutes a part of the title*
of the houfe of Leiningen-lFeßerburg, lies in Weftreich^ not tar from
Saarbruck.
Tlie y 01171geß Li?ie of
the Jjoufe

34 GERMANY. [Munzfelden.
florins, twelve kruitze.s. The contingency of this houfe to the chamber at
Wetzlar is twelve rixdollars, fifteen kruitzers and a half.
§. 4. The principal places belonging to it, in the county of Leiinngen,
are
Hartenburg, anciently the refidentiary feat, and ftill the diftinguifhing
title of this line.
Durkheiin an der Hart, a little town, which the counts making their
refidence the public offices are kept there.
Limburg, originally a convent of BenediBines, but deflroyed by Count
TLmich in the year 1503, during the palatinate war, and afterwards the revenue
belonging to it fequeflrated.
The villages of Frankenßein, Hochfpeyer and a part of Steinbach.
Great and Little-Bockenheivi , villages belonging to a collateral-line, which
takes its title from them, and is alfo proprietor of Bechtheim and other
villages,
Heydeßjeim, or Hedeßoeim, a village, containing a feat of the counts.
Buteßeim and Gimtersblwn, lying not far from the Rhine, Ilverßeim,
Dolgelß:eim and Walertum, all villages belonging to the line of Leiningen-
Dachsbiirg-Gimtersblum.
Obf. The places in Upper-Alface, belonging to this houfe, are mentioned
in vol.11, p. 601. The lordfli'p oi Bruch \xe% in the dutchy oi Berg.
MUNZFELDEN.
'\/TUNZFELDEN, Mimfeldcn, Mensjelden, an Imperial caftle and vil-
^^^ läge lying betwixt Dietz and Kirchberg, two towns belonging to
branches of the houfe of N'a/Jäu, which has been already mentioned in the
fourth Volume. Trier and Najfau-Ufnigen (not Dietz, as in thofe places) are
joint owners of it, the former of two thirds and the latter of one. That part at
prefent belonging to the Eledor oi Triers, was formerly included in the lordlliip
of Schadcck ; and thus became the property of the counts of Leiningen-
Weßerburg; but has fince been ceded, with referve of redemption and the
contributions, to the houfe of JValdeck, from whom it has palled to the Elector
of Triers ; and the houfe of Leiningen-Weßerburg no longer receives the
contribution. This territory gives a feat and vote in the Diet of the
Circle of the Upper- Rinne. Its quota to the Circle is fifty-four kruitzers.
The

Witgenftcin.j GERMAN!''.
135
'The
County of
JF I T G E N S T E IN.
§. I. '"T^HIS county is to be met with in the fifth and third leaf of Ho-
* jnann'i maps of Hcjje-Darmßadt and the land adjacent, and borders
on the prefedlurates of Battenberg and the eftate of Breidenbach, Biedenkopf,
belonging to Heffe-Darmftadt, the Principahty of Najjaii- Dillenburg,
and the dutchy of WeßpbüUa. Its length about four Cennan miles and a
half, and its greateft breadth fomewhat above three.
§. 2. Some parts of it are very mountainous, yielding plenty of wood, and
mines of filver, copper and iron, which laft being melted in the founderies
of Bauffer, is fent to the flatting-mills at Laafpher and Safzmajinßjaußn. It
deals largely in grafiery, but produces little grain, and that chiefly oats. The
rivers Lahn and Eder, the fources of which are in the territories of NaJJau-
Dillenbiirg, not far from the borders of Wetgcnjtein, run through this county
into the abovementioned prefedurates of Hejfe.
§.3, The prefent counts of Sa-^n and Witgenfiein are defcended from
Godfrey, count of Sayn, whofe fons, fohn and Engelbert, founded two
lines. The John line obtained the county of Sayn, and the portion of the
Engelbert line was the lordihips oi Homlmrg and Vallendar. Count Valentin
Engelberty grandfon, fucceeded the lafl: count of Wiigenftein in right of
his \N\{t Elizabeth, daughter of the faid count and heirefs to his territories;
and all the prefent counts of Witgenftein are his defendants. See p. 666.
On the profpedt of the failure of the John line in Count Henry, in I59'5,
Count Leivis of the Engelbert line, with his concurrence and that of the
lords of the fiefs, made an order that the reigning lords fl:iould be only two,
and George, his eldeft fon, was to have the feat and prefecturate of Berleburg,
together with the lordlhip of Neumagen ; and that the fecond fon
fhould inherit the county of Witgenftein and the lordlhip of Vallendar-, but
that, on the extinction of the John line, the county of Sayn Ihould devolve,
by confanguiiiity, to his line, and that Count William iLould enjoy
it ; the county of Witgenftein, together with that of Vallendar, to go to
Lewis, his third fon ; all which fell out accordingly at the deceafe of
Count Henry, in the year 1606. Thus the county of Witgenßein became
divided into the two houfes of Sayn-Witgenßein of Witgenftein, and Sayn-
Witgenftein of Berleburg.
§. 4. The title of the Witgenftein houfe is Count o/~Sayn, Witgenllein and
Hohenftein,

136 GERMANY. [WItgenftein.
Hohenftein *, /ijn/s 0/ Homburg, Vallendar, Neumagen, Lohra, Klettenberg,
&c. but the counts of the houfe of Berleburg ftyle themfelves Ccmits
c/"Stayii ^«i/ Witgenftein-Berleburg, /ör^/j c/"Homburg rtW Neumagen, &c.
Their arms for Sayn are, ruby, a lion rampant, guardant, double-queve
topaz } for Witge?2jlein, pearl, two pallets diamond ; ^ox Homburg, ruby, a
cafHe argent.
§. 5. Each houfe has a diflindl vote both in the college of the Wetteran
counts of the Empire and in the Diet of the Upper-Rhine ; but their precedence
is a fubjeft of debate among them. To the matricular taxation of
this county, which is one horfe and four foot, or twenty-eight florins,
JFifgojßein }piä.ys fixteen florins, forty-eight kruitzers; and i?i?r/(?/^7/r^'- eleven
florins, twelve krultzers.
§. 6. The joint revenue of the county o^ JVitgenftein and Berleburg, and
the lordiLip of Homburg, is computed at 50,000 rixdollars.
Tlje houfe of Sayn-Witgenftein, of Witgenftein, pojfejjes,
I. The county of Witgenftein, in a limited fenfe, which confl:itutes only
the greatefl; part of the county o^ Witgenftein in its more extenlive meaning
; and in which, befides the town of Laafphe, the clergy, civil officers
and other freemen, are three hundred and thirty-two vallals. The ordinary
produce of this county amounts to 2100 rixdollars per annum, and the
extraordinary to fix hundred. This county contains
Witgenftein, a refidence of the counts, which is feated in a high mountain
and is the patrimonial- houfe of the ancient counts of Witgenftein. Below
it lies
Laafphe, a little town, fituate on the Lahn.
The thirty-eight villages and farms of this county are divided into the
four diftridls oi Banf, Faydingen, Arfelden 2,x\A the vogtey ol Elfoff; to the
latter of which belong the three villages of Eljojf, Alertßiaujen and Bettelhaufen,
it being feparated from Battenberg, a prefedurate of HtjJ'e-Darm-
Jladt, by the river Elfoff. A part of the lands of the Witgenßein, which are
valTiils to this vogtey, lie on the other fide of the Elfoff, being fubjedl to
'the jurifdidion oi Heffe. Battenberg was once a part of the county of Wit-
* The county oi Hohenßehi was by the Eleflor Frederick IVilliam of Brandenburg granted, in
the year 1649, to J^hn, count of IViigenJh'm, in the manner he had pofle/Ted it; but, in
1699, re-aflumed by the Elcftor Frederick, who, in the year 1702, was pleafed to notify to
Count Augußui of H^itgenßein, that he would liquidate all the debts of the family of Ji'itgen-
/}(':>!, and others of a longer date chargeable on it; pav at once the fum of 100, Oüo fpecics rixdollars,
befides another 20,000 advanced by Count Augutus to his father C:iijnt Gußavus, for difcharging
fome debts with which the county was encumbered. The counts of Wilgcnßein,
however, ftill continue to afl'umc the title and arms of Hohenjhin, Lohra and Klctten'jerg.
genftein.

Falkenftelii.] GERMANY.
137
genfteiti^ but in the thirteenth century was mortgaged to the Elector of
Mentz, who, in the year 1715, transferred it to Helfe.
2. The lorddiip of Vallendar; but the fovereignty of this lordfhip belongs
to the houfe oi Triers. The part and rights of the counts of Witgenjhin in
k have been mentioned before. The prefent proprietor is a collateralbranch
of Witgenfiein,
The houfe of Sayn-Witgenftein Berleburg pojfejfesy
1. The nominal county of Berleburg, which is, properly, only a part
and a prefe

138 GERMANY. [Falkenaem.
Pkilip XI. whom the Emperor Wenccßaiis had before, namely, m the year
created a count, and who was the firfl and lall: of his family who bore
1
397,
that title. On his deceafe, in 1410, he was fucceedcd by Warner, youngcll:
brother to Philip X. and archbifliop of T'rier ; and from him the Falkenßcin
eftate defcended to the fifters children of Philip X. Thefe fifters were-
Luitgard, married to Eberhard, lord of Epßein ; und y4gJ7es, fpoufe to 0//^«?,
Count Solf?7s, by whom fhe had two daughters, one of whom was married
to Rupert, count of Virnehurg, whofe grandfon, William, took the name
of Falkenßein ; and in him commenced the feccnd branch of that family,
Margaret, one of his daughters, was married to Melchicr, lord oi Dhau7i -y
and the other, called Margaret, to Cuno, count of Manderjcheid. Wirichy
fon to the former, had three fons ; namely, Philip, "John and Sehaftiajj.
From yohn was originated the third Falkenßein line, and liis daughter,
Sidonia, \vho(ehn{h^r\d vids Axel Loivenhanpt, in the year 1579, renounced
her father's inheritance ; and her brother Emich, lord of Daun, having
no iflue, nom.inated for heirs the Sebaßian line abovementioned ; and on its
failure, that of Philip, who fuccelTively became proprietors of the county of
Falkenjtein ; but, on its defcent to William Wirich, of the laft line, he (old
it, in the year 1667, to Charles III. duke oi Lorrain, who beftowed it on
Prince Charles Hmry of Vaudcmont ; on v/hofe deceafe, Leopold Joßph
Charles, duke of Lorrain, put in his claim to it againfl: the houfes of Loivenhaupt
and Manderfcheid ; but, in the years 1724 and 1727, they came to
an agreement. In the year 173 i, the whole county, without any referve, was
adjudged by the Aulic Council, to his fon Duke Francis Stephen, afterwards
Emperor ; and, though in the years 1735 and 1736, he ceded the dutchy
of Lorrain to France, yet it was with refervation of the county of Falken-'
ßtcin, and he compromifed matters with theboufesof Loww^/j^z^/i/ 2i.r\d Manderfcheid.
§. 3. The arms of this county are a wheel. In the matricula of the Empire
it is aflelTed at two horfe and four foot, or forty florins per month j and
to the chamber at
Wetzlar it pays fifteen rixdoUars, fixty-feven kruitzers and
a half. The prefent Emperor, by virtue of this county, votes in the college
of Princes as Margrave of Nomeny-j and likewife in the Diet of the Circle of
the Upper-Rhine.
§. 4. To this county belong the following places ; viz.
Falkeuftein, a little town, lying below the caftle, and whence this name
but now fallen to ruins,
Winweilr, a little town, containing a caftle, and being the feat of an
is derived,
upper preft iturate. In its neighbourhood is a line lake.
Imsbach-Alzenborny St. Alban, Dill-Kirchen and LiOwer-KIrchen, all
villages.
A part of t;ie church- village of Steinbach,
The villages of Jaxwciler and UpperSulze, otherv/ife Sulzheim,
not far
from

Reipoltzkirclien.] G E R M A N T. 139
from New-Leiningen ; I/ießeim, which lies on the Gleichen ; Freimerßjeim,
not far from Alzey ond Odenihcim, together with Upper-Grehiveiler, formerly
Upper-Dorf, fituate near Lower-Grehueiler, a feat of the counts ; as
alfo Hißeim, or Hildeßjeim, of which only half belongs to it ; Dalheim,
not far from Oppenheim ; Harxheim an der Steige, near Lower-Ulm ; Eickelßjeim,
lying within a fmall diftance o^ New-Baumberg; Bibelßei?n, not far
from the former ; and Die Imige Meil ; together with
Several farms and woods on the Hunßuck, about Winweiler and Falkenficin.
I'he
Lordship of
REIPOLTZKIRCHEN,
§. I. T lES on the Hunßuck, betwixt the two upper prefedlurates of
Laufem and Lautereck, in the Palatinate, and a part of the dutchy
of Deuxponts.
§.2. This lordfliip belonged formerly to the houfe of Hohenfeh, which,
in the year 1602, failed in the perfon of Wolf Philip of Hohenfeh, whofe
fpoufe, Amelia oi Daun-Falkenftein, in 1603, left the lordfliip to the children
of her fifter Sidonia, countefs of Lowe7ihaiipt. The families of Lowenhaiipt
and Manderfcheid, fold three fourths of it to a count of Hilleß:eim :
and, in the year 1725, on a conteft with Count Charles Julius oi Lowenhaupt,
who was for making ufe of the jus retraSlus ; and the vaffals of the
lordQiip fiding with the latter, he was confirmed in the pofTeffion of it by an
adt of the Aulic Council.
§.3. This lordfhip confers a feat and vote in the Diets of the Circle of
the Upper-Rhine, but not in the college of the counts of the Empire at the
Imperial Diet. Its matricular aflefTment is one horfe and four foot, or
twenty-eight florins ; but by ftipulation it pays to the contingent of the Circle
fix hundred florins, and to the chamber at Wetzlar its taxation is forty-two
rixdoUars, twenty-one kruitzers.
§. 4. The cafl;le oi Reipoltzkirchen, which gave name to the lorddiip, lies
on a mountain. It contains alfo feveral villages.
T 2
The

;
140 GERMANY. [Warternberg,
Lordship of
KIRCHINGEN.
I'hc
§. I. 'T^HE county of Kirchlngcn, by the French called Crcange, lies in
-^
VVeJtreich, but fome part of it is fubjeä: to France.
§.2. It was formerly a barony, when, in the year 1617, the Emperor
Mdttbun raifed it to a county. In George and IVyricb, fons to Count John V.
commenced the two lines of Piittling and Kriching, The male-hne of the
former became extindt in the year 1681, and the latter in 1697. Anna
Dorothy, daughter to Count Albert Lewis of Kirchingen, was married to
Count Edzard Ferdinand of Oflfriefe, and their fon, Ferdinand Ulrich,
left a daughter, named Chrijlina Loiiifa, who marrying with Count John
Lewis Adolfhus of JViedrunkel, the county of Kirchingen devolved to the
houfe of Wiedrtinckel ; though it is alfo claimed by the houfes of Solnn-
Braunfels and Ortenhiirg, both of which bear it in their title.
§.3. The count of A7;Y/'/«|^t'?n-otesin the Diets of the Upper-Rhine, but
not in that of the Empire. Their matricular alfellment is two horfe and
four foot, or forty florins ; but fince the difmemberment of PidtUngen, it
has been reduced to one half. In the ufual matriciila, relatively to its rate
to the chamber at Wetzlar, it is yet taxed the fame as formerly ; "oiz. for
Kirchingen, Count Chrißopher, thirteen rixdoUars, forty-fix kruitzers and a
quarter ; for Kirchingen, Count John Lewis, thirteen rixdollars, forty-fix
kruitzers ;
but only the latter of thefe taxations take place.
§. 4. Its principal place is
Kirchingen, a little town, feated on the river Nidda.
WARTEMBERG.
I'he C o \j N T Y of
§. I. TOHiV CASIMIR, oi JVartemberg, was created a count of the
J Empire in the year 1699, and, in the year 1707, his eflate, as an
allodial-Iordfhip, was raifed to be a county thereof.
§. 2. The reigning count of Wartemberg enjoys a feat and vote both in
the Circle of the Upper-Rhine and the college of the IVetterau counts of
the Empire. His matricular afleflment is feven florins, twelve kruitzers
and

Bretfcnheim.] GERMANY. 141
and to the chamber at Wetzlar eighteen rixdoUiirs, leventy krultzers and
a
half.
§.3. The feat of JFartembergh faid to lie near Kajferßautem, a tovvri
fituate in the Palatinate. The other eftates and places which compofe this
county, are the follov/ing j viz.
Mettenbeim, a refidence of the counts. It lies in the midfl of the upper
prefeclurate of Alzey, belonging to the Eledor-palatine.
Ellßatt, fituate not far from Frankeiitbal.
Marienthal on the Do?inersberg, fuuatc not far from Falkcnßein.
Fijchbach,
lying betwixt the upper prefefturate of Lautem, and belonging
to the Eleftor-palatine and the dutchy of Deiixpoiits.
Rohrbach, Afpach, Iimbach and Fijchbach, all lying betwixt the county of
Bitfch and the dutchy of Deuxpoiits.
Sembach, Upper and Lower-Hehlijige}:, &c.
^he
Lordship of
BRETZENHEIM,
§. I. T IE Son the Nahe, below Kreutzenach, and was formerly held as
*-^ a fief of Cullen by the lords of Dann, before they acquired the
coviniy oi Falkenßein. In the year 1642, William Wyrich, oi Dann, count
of Falkenflein, with the confent of the lords of the fief, fold it to Count
Alexander oiVelen, who, in the year 1665, was admitted not only to the
Circle of the Upper-Rhine but alfo into the college of the counts of Weßphalia,
at the Diet of the Empire. Alexander Otho, Count of Velen and
BretzenheiTn, dying without iflue, in the year 1733, the Elector oi Culle7i
took pofleffion of this lordOiip for himfelf and the archbifhopric ; but, in
the year 1734, conferred it on the count of Pyrmont as a male-fief. On
his deceafe, in the year 1744, the Eleöor of CwZ/t'« again took pofleffion of
the lordfhip, and at prefent enjoys the vote in the Circle-diet.
§. 2. The arms of this lordfhip are, ruby, a crackelin topaz. In the
matricula of the Empire it is affelTed at fix florins, and in that of the Circle
at eight ; and its quota to the chamber at Wetzlar is three rixdoUars, thirteen
kruitzers and a half.
§. 3. The inhabitants are a mixture of Lutherans znd Catholics. In the
year 165 1, both parties entered into a compact, which, with fome explanations,
was renewed in the year 1723, and confirmed by Count Alexander
Otho of Velen.
§.4. To

^42 GERMANY. [Worms.
§.4, To this lordiliip belong
Bretzenhe'im, a caftle feated on the Avz^f, but in 1688 the greateft part
of it was deftroyed by the French.
Wtnzeiiheim, a village lying not far from Kreutzamcb.
The villages of Kireckenbach and Breidmbach near fValknßein, and the
Wagenßadt near Lebcrwajigen.
The Lordßjip
•j/'Dachstul
Lies betwixt the prefedlurates of Sarburg and Gr'imburg, which belong
to "Trier, and the German prefedurate in the dutchy of Lorrain. It belonged
formerly to the lords oi Falkenßein, of whom it was purchafed in the
year 1644 by Philip Chrißop! er, of the family of Sotern and Eledtor of
Trier, who transferred it to his family as a fidei commijfum. By Maria
Sidonia, heirefs to her father Count Philip Francis of Sotern, this lordfhip
devolved to her hufband Notger William, count of Oettingen-Baldern. It
confers the title of vogt in the Diet of the Circle, but not in that of the
Empire, Its affelTment in the Imperial matricula is one horfe and one footnian,
or fixteen florins j and to the chamber oi Wetzlar ten rix-doUars feventy-three
kruitzers.
The L,07'dßdip ö/'Olleruck
Lies in the upper part of the archbifhopric of Cullen betwixt the prefedturates
oi Andernach and Konigsfeld, and belongs to the houfe of the barons of
Waldbott-Bajfetiheijn of Ollbruck-Bamheim, but forms however no ftate of
the empire, and on this account its vote at the Diet of the Vpfer Rhine, by
virtue of this lordfiup, has been contefted and denied by other States, infomuch
that it never obtained a formal affent. This lordfliip, howevqr, is
thought worthy of being rated in the tnatricula of the Empire at one horfe
and one footman, or fixteen florins ; and to the chamber at Wetzlar is taxed
m feventeen rix-doUars forty-five kruitzers.
The Imperial City of Worms.
Worms, in Latin Wormatia, and in the middle ages named Giiarmacia
and Gormetia, as alfo Vangojiia ; and by Marcellinns, Vangio ; by Antoninus,
Bormitomagus ; and by Ptolemy, Borbetomagiis ; was the capital town of the
Vangiones. It lies in the heart of the diocefe to which it gives name, not
far from the Rhine, and near the place where the Eisbach and Gießenbach
fall into it. This city has undergone many misfortunes, for to omit its fires,
earthquakes and other calamities, in the year 407 it was deflroyed by the
Vandals, in the year 451 and 938 by the Hanns, in 891 by the Normans,
and

Worms.] GERMAN T.
143
and in 1689 by the French, but has always rifen with advantage from its>
afhes. The magirtracy here is Lutheran, and the city itfelf is accounted
one of the free Lv.'.hiran Imperial cities, with toleration and freedom of
worllnp to the catholics. The foundation lloneof the new Lutheran church
was laid in the year 1709: The Lutherans are alfo in polleinon of the cid
church as it is called, St. Magnus^ now in ruins, and St. Leonard's a little
way without the city. The Proteftants have alfo a church here. To the
Catholics belongs not only the cathedral, which fince its deftrudion, by the
French has been rebuilt with great magnificence, but likewife four collegiate
and the like number of pari fli-ch arches in or near the city, a Jefuits
college, a gymnafmm, now under the diredion of the fame order, three
convents and three nunneries. The bifliop's palace here was built quite
new in the year 171 9 at the expence of biiliop Francis Leivis.
The Kings of the Francs appointed counts and dukes over it. From time
immemorial it has been termed a free Imperial city, and is fo ftyled in fom.e
records of the Emperor C/'^zr/t^^ IV. bearing date in the years i^SS ^"'^
1356, and in the regiller of the cities of 1386, and was alfo acknowledged
fuch in the year 1479 in the Diet at Nurnhurg; and by the Emperor Maximilian
I. in formal inftruments of 1507 and 1508. It has hitherto filled
the fourth feat on the bench of the Imperial cities of the RJ:ine, and likewife
votes in the Diet of the Circle of the Upper-Rhine. Its matricular allcilment
to the Empire is feventy-five florins, and to the chamber at IVetzlar
it pays one hundred and eighteen florins thirty-four kruitzers. The biihops
of Worms have often conteiled its independence, and by excommunication
and even military hoftilities extorted conventions; among v/hich that of the
year 15 19 is particularly remarkable; in that in fuits exceeding fifty guilders,
an appeal lies from the city-court to that of the bilhop; but, if before
the appeal be entered upon, the appellant fliall petition for the removal of
his caufe to the Emperor or the Aulic Council, the bifliop mull: comply,
and it is he who tranfmits the papers. The bifliop alfo pretends to the
collation of the magiflrates, and to homage from them. It is likewife well
known, that exclufive of a toll on the Rloine, he levies feveral other gabels
and imports there, though the city itfelf is under the prote6lion of the
Palatinate.
There is fcarce any place fo famous for interviews of Sovereigns, nuptials
of Kings and Princes, and other folemnities. In the years 1495, 152 1,
1545, and 1578 Diets were held here; and this was the place in which
the Reformation began in 1525. In the year 1743, a treaty was concluded
here betwixt his Britannic Majefty, the Queen of Hungary, and the King
of Sardinia,
Near it grows that Rbeniß) wine, which, for its delicioufncfs, is called
Our Lady's milk,
The

144
GERMANY. [Spire.
The helperial City ö/" S p i r e.
^p'lre, in Latin Splra Civitas, and Netnetum, or Nemidona, derives its
name from a fmall river riling near Hochjpeycr^ and which after watering
this city falls into the Rhi?ie. It was a^own before the birth of Chriß. Even
its prefent name is of very great antiquity ; but in buildings it is throughout
a very modern city: For after its total deftru

Frankfort.] GERM
A N T. i^:
celebrated alio for its Gommerce, lies in a delightful, healtht, ajid fertile
country along the Mayn, by which it is divided into two parts, namely,
into Frankfort and Sachjenhaufen. The former of thefe being the largeftis
lubdivided into twelve wards, and the fecond into two. Botli are reckoned
to contain about 3000 houfes large and imall, and not a few of them modern.
Some of them too are rather ftately palaces, as the Co!??poßel ^nd
Fro}ihüJ\ the 'Trieijhof, the Culknhof, the German houfe, an augu(t edihce
fituate near the bridge over the Maym, the Hcffi-Darnijhuithof, the palace
of the Prince de la Tours, and the hotels of the counts of Solms Schauenbunt
and Schonborn. The three principal fquares in it are the Romerberg, the
Lieben Fraiienberg, and the Rofzmarkt, or horfe-market. On the firll of
thefe flands the town-houfe, or Romer as it is called, being an old fafhioned
edifice, the back front excepted, which is modern. The fore-part of it ia
fupported by arches, under which in the fair time are toy(hops of all kinds.
Over thefe arches is a hall where the Emperor ufually dines after his coronation,
and into which opens the chamber where the eledtion of a new Emperor
is canvafled. In the back part are the city offices, and the diet-chamber
of the Circle of the Uppef-Rhine, as likewiie that of the didature of the
Circle. Among the archives of the town-houfe ig kept the cchhnttdt Golden
Bull of the Emperor Charles IV. which is a parchment book of forty-three
quarto leaves, containing the fundamental inftitutes of the Empire, written
in Latin capitals ; which famous piece is kept in a calTcet of gold. On the
Liebfraiienberg Hands the houfe of Frauenftein or Braimfels, in which the
Emperors formerly lodged, and all the houfes from Liebfrauenberg to Romerberg
were included in the Emperor's quarter. In the fame place is alfo the
change. The horfe-market is laid out in walks and rows of trees. On the
hay-market is the main-guard, which is a handfome building, and over
againif it the riding academy. In the town are three arfenals, the principal
of which (lands at the end of the Zeil facing the Jetos ftreet.
The magiftrates
and city officers profefs Lutheranijm, that being the eftablilhed religion,
but mod of the churches, and thofe too the chief, are in the hatids
of the Catholics. The Proteftants are alfo very numerous here. The Catholic
foundations and convents are fubjedl to the archbifliopric o? Me?itz.
In the cathedral of St. Bartholojuew is a fmall chapel where the Emperor is
elefted. The churches of St. Leonard ^nA our Lady are both collegiate. There
is alfo here a convent with a church of the order oi^t.John, together with another
of Carmelites, Domijiicans, and Capuchins, and two catholic chapels. The
Lutheran churches and convents here are the church of the difcalceated, \\h\ch.
is the great church; that of St. Catherine, where in 1522 the firlt Lutheran
fermon was preached, and to which is annexed a nunnery of ladies of noble
birth ; the church of the tohite women here, is fo called from the convent
belonging to it,
Vol. V. U '
inftituted for ladies and other young women of good birth;
St. Peters

146 GERMANY. [Frankfort.
St. Peter's church, together with the chapel of the Glauhurg-, the hofpitalchurch,
St. Nicholas % church and two decayed ones, as alfo the church on
Sajchenhaiifen. Here is likewife a feminary of divines founded by Dr. Pritius
and completed by Dr. Munden. The Proteftants not being aüowed a
place of
'
worlhip in the town go to Bockc7ihcim, a town fituated at a fmall diflance ;
but it is faid that they will be permitted to build a church juft without the
town. The Liithera?i gynniaßiim here contains feven clafles, and ftands contiguous
to the church of the bare-footed Friars, and in it is the city-library.
The alms, orphan, and work-houfe here is a well contrived building, and
under good regulations, which are ftridlly executed. Near it ftands the
houfe of correftion. The hofpital of the Holy Ghoß is one of the wealthieft
foundations in the whole city. In this diocefe are two conventual houfes
for nobles, viz. one at Limburg and the other at Frauenjlein ; to the former
are properly admitted only fuch, who in other Imperial cities are
termed patricians, and though at prefent comprehended under the burghery,
yet are moftly defcended of very ancient and honourable families, regularly
keep up their genealogical regifters, follow no trade, live on their means,
and may marry only into noble families. They have their particular ftatutes
agreed upon among themfelves, one in the year 1585, the other in 1636,
both which were confirmed by the Emperors. The provofts are chofen
annually and the place of their meeting is at Limburg houfe, the arms of
which are the fame with thofe of the counts of L/wi^z/r^, the number of
chequers excepted. The fociety of Frauenßein or Braunjeh houfe confifts
of nobles and graduates. In this town are alfo other noble families,
defcendents of the ancient noblefle of Brabant.
Its convenient fituation, and the two celebrated fairs held here every year
render it, with refped: to traffic, one of the principal places in all Germany. Of
its manufadlures thofe of filk, ereded by two public fpirited traders of the
name of Firnhaber, make the greateft figure. Thofe alfo of tobacco and
porctb.in are not inconfiderable. The Jetvs ever fince the year 1462 are confined
to a particular quarter,
and in all things fubjed to the magiftracy.
7he ancient dukes of the Francs had a palace here, in which for fome
time Charles the Great refided ; and on its fite now ftands the church of
St. Lconanfs. The emperor Levels alfo built a palace on the banks of the
Mayn, fome grand remains of which are fhll to be feen in the Saalhof. The
city itfelf has ever been immediately under the Empire and Emperor. In
the Diet it holds the fixth place among the Imperial cities of the Rhine, and
alfo votes in the Diets of the Vpper-Rkin\ Its matricular aflefllnent to the
Empire is five hundred florins, and to the chamber at Wetzlar fix hundred
and feventy-fix rix-dollars, twenty-fix kruitzers and three-fourths. But
thefe rates, how burdenfome foever they may appear, its vaft ti ade enables
it to difcharge with eafe, as indeed it was principally on that account that they
were impofcd. The magiftracy here confifts of a Schidtheijjen, or judge, the
bench

Fncdbcrg.] GERMANY. 1^7
bench of Sccffen,
or aldermen, and that of the fecond bench of the council,
together with the third, which is compofed of artificers and tradefinen, and
which is alfo fummoned in matters of general concern, and executes the
offices relating to the police ; but the diredlion of important affairs is lodged
in the two former, out of whom the two burgher-mafters are annually chofen.
Law-fuits here are determined by the Schqffens and Syndics. The
members of the confiftory are two Schoffln, the Senior miiiißerii, the two
oldefl: paftors, and two civilians.
The city is fortified, and maintains feven companies of foldiers as its contingent
to the Circle, together with two more as a garrifon. Its bridge
over the Ädayn is four hundred feet long, and contains fourteen wide
arches.
The territory of this city as reprefented in Homann?, correct map of it,
N" 107 in the yishis of Germany contains, exclufive of the great number
of feats and farms in it,
Bornheim, Haufen, and Upper-rod three villages, formerly fubjedl to the
court at Bornheimerbergs, but by a treatv concluded with Hanau in the year
1481, transferred to thtcxiy o'f Frankfort.
The church-village of Lower-rod, three fourths of which belonged to the
city, and one to tlie Teutonic order.
Not far from it ftands the Uppcr-Forßbaus of Frankfort on the forefl: of
Frankfort, which, as Mr. Burt of Tfetiburg Birßein has fhewn at large, belongs
to the foreft of Dreyeicher, and accordingly both the city of Frankfort
and its dependencies have ever paid certain particular duties to the lords of
that
foreft.
Over the free Imperial villages of Sulzbach and Soden (in which is a
warm bath and fome falt-pits) Mentz, as count of Konigßein, and the city
of Frankfort as protestor and patron, jointly appoint a chief magiftrate.
Lo-x-er-Urfel, a village, of which Solms-Rodelbeini hsiS z\(o di^zxt.
Bonames, alfo called Bornes, a little walled town lituate on the Nidda.
In it is a fief belonging to the bilhop of Fulda.
Lcwer-Erkenbach, a church-village.
Durkelweil, or Dortelweil, a church-village fituate not far from the
Nidda.
The Imperial City o/'Friedf. erg.
Friedberg, a town on the Wetterau, ftands near the Usbach on the ridge
of hills called the Hohe, in a very fertile country. It was formerly larger
than at prefent, being a free Imperial Lutheran town, and in the Diet holds
the twelfth feat on the bench of the Imperial towns of the Rhine.
It alfo fits and votes in the Diet of the Upper-Rhine. In the matricula
of the Empire it ftands at twenty-four florins, and its rate to the chamber
at Wetzlar is twenty-nine rix-dollars twenty-nine kruitzers. In the
U 2
vear

1 48 GERMANY. [Wetzlar.
year 1349, the Empror Charles IV. mortgaged it for 10,000 florins to
the counts of Scbicarzbu7-g, but with a referve of its dependence on the
Empire. This mortgage in the following century pafled from Schwarzkurg
to the Eledtor of Mentz, the lords of Epflein, the counts of IJenburg^
and the city o{ FroJikfort. The three firft of thefe made over their fhare to
the Imperial burg or caftle of Friedberg in this town, which the Emperor
not only confirmed, but enjoined the city oi Frankfort alfo to recede from
its part in favour of the burg. This was followed by an agreement betwixt
the burg and town, that on the eleäiion of a new burggrave, when confirmed
by the Emperor, the town, as an acknowledgment of the mortgage,
lliould do him homage in fome open place. In the year 1706 the town
notified to the burg that it would redeem the mortgage, and offered to pay
down the money ; but the burg alleged the mortgage to be irredeemable.
The burggrave and the fix magiftrates in it, who are nobles, are alfo members
of the general council and that of the States ; and when any affairs relating
to the Empire and Circle come on the carpet, notice is given to
them of it by the magiflracy, that they may jointly agree concerning the
perfon to be deputed and the nature and extent of his powers.
The Imperial Town' (^/"Wetzlar.
Wetzlar, a town feated on the Lafm, which at this place receives the
JVeizbach, and on the other fide the Dill; has two luburbs belonging to
it called the Langgajje and the Netigaffe. The magiflracy here, with the
greatefi part of the burghers, are hitthcram. Excluhve too of the cathedral
or city-church, which is held in common with the catholics, they
have a chapel and a grammar-fchool here, in a building which vvas originally
a Francifcan convent. The church of the hoipital of the Holy Ghofty
belonging alfo to the Lutherans, is rebuilding. The Proteftants have likewife
a church here. The Catholics have not only the ufe of the cathedral,,
but alio a Francifcan convent, with a church and a Jefuits college. In the
town-houfe are held the meetings of the Imperial chamber, which in the
year 1693 was removed hither from Spire. In 1714, a motion was made
for its removal from Wetzlar to fome other place, but was over-ruled ; and
in the year 1751 the chamber itfelf reprefented to the Diet at Ratisbon
the impofTibility of its continuance here, and at the lam.e time fignified that
Fra7ikjort on the Mayn was, of all others, the mofl proper and commodious
place for its refidence ; notwithflanding which, this alfo has produced no
alteration. The German houfe here belongs to the commandery of Heffe
and poifefTes revenues of divers kinds in that country- Wetzlar was an Imperial
town fo early as the days of the Emperor Frederick I. and has ever
fince continued fuch in the Diet. It fits the 13th on the bench of the Imperial
towns of the Rhine^ and alfo votes in the Diets of the Upper-Rhine.
Its

Schaumburg.]
GERMANY.
Its afleffment in the mafricuk of the Empire is thirty-two florins ; but it no
longer pays any thing to the chamber. Near the Wetzlar ftands the caftle
of Carlfmund or Talfchmitt. Heffe-Darmßadt, as a protcdor of the city,
keeps a company of foldiers here, and has a reprefentative in the council.
******
149
The following lorddiips, though within the Circle of the Upper-Rhine^
have neither vote nor feat in its Diets.
The Lordßjip of S c h a u m b u r g.
This lordflaip, which lies on the Labn oppofite the county of Holzapfeh
is to be feen in the maps of the lower county of KatzcjieUnboge?i, belonging
to the principality of Nq/Jau and others. In the year 1279, it paffed fromi
the houfe of Limburg on the Lahn to that of Weßerburg; but in 1656
Agnes countefs dowager of Holzapfel purchafed it of Count George IVilliam
of Leini?igen-Weßerburg, redeemed it from feudal fubjedlion to Cullen,
and fettled it as an abfolute property on her daughter Elizabeth Charlotta^
confort to Adolphus Prince of Najpiu-Dillenburg, and with their daughter
Charlotta it devolved to her hufband Prince Lebrecht of Anhalt-Bcrnburg-
Hoym, whofe defcendants are flill in poffeffion of it. Its Imperial aflellment
is two florins forty kruitzers ; and to the chamber at Wetzlar it pays
feventy-four rix-dollars, but is without fo much as a vote in the Diet of the
Circle. To it belongs
Schauwburg, a feat on a high hill' not far from the Lahn.
Cramberg, Steinsberg, and Biberich, villages.
T7je Lordßjip ö/'Oberstein.
"Which lies on the Himfruck along the Nahe. Its prefent owner is the
count of Leiningen-Dachsbutg-Heideßoeim, and its afleffment on the matricula
of the Empire is feven florins. To the chamber at Wetzlar it pays ten
rix-doilars feventy-three kruitzers. The principal place in it is
Gberßein, a little town fituate on tlie Nahe. On a mountain alfo ftands a
caftie.
Holzhaußn, a village on the Ohm betwixt the Heffian prefedurates of
Marburg and Homburg and the upper prefedurate of Amoneburg, and belonging
to the Eledorate of Mentz, ftands in the matricula at one florin
thirty kruitzers.
Obf. The Gorz branch of the houfe of Schlitz, who were formerly admitted
among the immediate nobleflTe of the Empire, in the year 1742 folicited
a feat and vote among the eftates of the Circle of the Upper-Rhine,
but met with a denial,
THE

[ '150 ]
CIRCLE
THE
O F
S W A B I A.
Of SW AB I
A w general,
§. I. /'^ F the maps of Sioabla and its Circle, Mr. Eberhard David
V_^ Hauber, in the year 1724, publiflied a very rational, exaft and
complete hiftory; which about three years after appeared, with additions
and amendments, in his Difccurfe en the Prefent State of Geography. From
thence we learn, that the firft maps of Sioabia are to be feen in Munßer's
Cojtnography; that the fecond, which Ortelins has inferted in his Theatrum,
were publifhed in the years 1579 and 1591, by David Selzlin, or Selzl, and
have been copied by John Biichfenmacher and Daniel Manajfer ; that the
map put forth by yodcchus, Henry Hondius and IFilliam Biacuiv was
fomething better, and reduced, without alterations, to a fmaller fcale by
Chrißophcr Weigel, and improved by John Janjon : that this is the map
which Waesberge, Peter Schejik and Gerhard Valk afterwards publiHied under
their own names ; and, laftly, that from the map of Blaeww and Janfony
'Jacob Sandrart compofed his of S'wabia.
§. 2. Sivabia lies, to the weft and eaft, betwixt the rivers Rhine and
Lech; to the fouth, it terminates on Switzerland, the Bodenfee * and the
yiußrian
* Of the Bodenfee, which is alfo called the Lnte of Con/Jmice znA Bregenz, and by the vulgar
the German Sea, and in Latin, Lacui Bcdamkus, or Potamicus, a map was publiflied bv fohn
Gc-rge Schhihain, in the year 1578, and in 1675 by another artift, with the fignature of
A. A, S. J. and this has been engraved by one of the name of Hanip. A draught of it is alfo
to

Swabla.] GERMANY. 151
^///?;7rt;; lordrtiip oi Arlberg; and northward is bounded by Frnnccma and
the Palatinate. The country lying betwixt the lake of Conftanz, the Lech
and the Danube, on both fides of the Her, is by the IVurteribergs in
contradiftindlion to their country called Sch'wabeidand, Ufper-ISivabia, or
Alemannia, though others hold Upper-Swabia alio to be the country lituate
betwixt the Her, Danube and lake of Conjlanz ; and that lyii g along the
Lech and Danube to be the Lower-Sivabia.
§. 3. The higheft parts in Sivabia are the Alb, or Alp, and the Scl-warzivald,
or Black-forejt ; the former of which is Hill ioniewhat higher than
the latter. As thefe mountains traverfe the greatell part of Sivahia, from
fouth to north and from weft to eaft, and from them iffue moft of the
rivers which, after watering the country, lofe themfelves in the R/:hje, or
Da?mbe, it will be proper to give a more circumüantial account of them.
The Sckivarzivald, in Latin Sjha Nigra, extends from fouth to north
to the end of the diftridt of Neuenburg, in the dutchy of Wurtemberg and
-,
eaftward almoft clofe to the Alb. Its fouthern part is called the Upper, and
its northern part the Loiver-Sch'warzu-ald. Its eaftern boundary, from
Fforzheim to Nagold, is fornied by the river Nagold, W'hich feparates it from
a tract of land called the Gau. From Nagold its direction lies along the
Horb to Suiz, and from thence to the Neckar ; which river, together with
the Danube, Enz, Nagold znd Kinzig, derives its fource from this chain.
The weftern fide of them, which lies towards the Rhine, and particularly
that part fituated in the territories of Wurtemberg, rifes at once with fuch
fleepnefs that, even from Baaden and Aljace, it carries with it the appearance
of a very high mountain ; whereas the declivity, on the eaft fide, is gradual.
The Schivarzivald has probably been fo called from the thick forefts
of fir with which it is covered ; and, according to the defcription given us by
Julius Ccejar of the Siha Hercynia, in his Bellum GalUcum, was the begining
of it. The inhabitants fublift chiefly by graziery, wood and pitch,
which they trade in for exportation. In many parts in it there are alfo two
kinds of land ; ^72;. firft, that called Baufelder, which is like the common
ploughed fields ; fecond, the Mahfelder, which is rendered fertile by the
to be feen in BualinhDcfcnpt. Corjhntia facree is' profmia; and Matthnu Saitter likewiie h.Ts publifhed
one ot it. This lake lies betwixt Sicabia and Sviitzerlaml, and derives its name from the
old Cajhiim Botami, Pctiti.ior Potini, which in the time of the Carhvingian Emperors was an
Imperial palace. The caftle here is to this day called Bodmau, or Bödmen, and is the original
place of a noble family. The lake itfelf is above feven Gcman miles in length, and receives
the Rhine, which runs into it below Rhelneck, ifluing again out of it near Conjlanz, or rather
Stein. Towards the north-weft, or rather Swaiia, it forms two bays ; in one of which is the
ifland of Meinau with the towns of Alcnburg and Ueberlingen on it ; and this is called the Bodmer,
or l^eberlinge' -jee., in Latin Lacus Acror.ius. The other lake, in which lies the ifland of
Reichenau, is diir guifhed by the name of the Under, or Zellcr-fee, in Latin Lacus inferior, or
Vtnetui Thi^ is feldom frozen. Betwixt Lmdau and Bregmx is found in it a kind of falmontrout
called ganjßßh.
following

152 GERMANY.- [Swabia.
following method. The peafants lay billets of fir, about fix feet long, at
a proper diftance, and betwixt them vine-branches covered with lods,
which are pared off" the fame field. One of thefe heaps is called a ;-c/f, or
horfe; and the number of them is proportioned to the dimenfions of the
field. Thefe they kindle, leaving them to confume llowly, and the a(hes
and earth are fcattered over the ground, to which they communicate an
extraordinary fertility ; but this lafts only for three or four years. It is then
'
left for fome years fallow, and yields good grafs, till it becomes again fit to
undergo the above operation *.
We ihall defer the defcription of the Alb^ or Alp^ till we come to Ko~
nigsh-onn, in the lordlhip of Heydenhcim, where the Brenz iflhes at the foot
of it. From thence this mountain pafl"es on to Uppcr-Kocher, where an arm
of the river Kocher rifes ; and then weflward to Heubach, near which the
Rems has its fource. From hence it runs fouthward beyond Degenfeld to
Dunzdorf, where it has but a very fteep road over it; and from Dunzdcj-f
it extends itfelf to the Fils, and, together with the above road, beyond
Geißingen to JViefenJleig, where the Fils has its fource. In thefe parts and
near the market-town of Hchenjlatt., the mountain is at the highefi:. To
the north-weft it extends itl'elf ftill further to Neidlingen and JVeilhei?ny
taking a compafs round I'eckberg through the Linninger T^hal to Guttenberg,
where it has a long acclivity, and where alfo the Lauter takes its rife ; after
which it palles weftward to Neiffen, and from thence opens into a valley
two German miles long, where the Ems has its fource. From hence
this mountain winds round by Neiikaufen and Achalm toward TJullingen,
and from thence to Hechingen, HohenzoUern and the caftle of Albecky
not far from Siilz-, fome leagues along the Neckar, till it approaches very near
to the Schii-arzicald. From this place it runs again eaftward towards Ehingen,
and then by a gentle defledlion to the Danube, giving rife to the river Lauchart
and Lauter. From Steifzlingen through the lordlhip oiJuJUngen it forms
a circuit by the way of the convent oiVrjpring, where the Aach rifes towards
Sondheim Blaubeuren, and in conjundion with the Blau proceeds to Herlingen
near Vim, at about one hour's diftance, and then to Albeck. From
hence it pafles on to the fource of the Lontel, and on one fide of it to the
Brenz, and with that river to Konigsbromi. The whole diredl: length of the
Alb from Konigsbrcnn to Ebingen, makes between twelve and thirteen
GcT/WöÄ miles, but its breadth in many parts is only two and never exceeds
four. T\iQ Alp, or fouth fide, declines gradually towards the Danube;
and on the eaft towards the Brentz ; whereas, on the north and \\'eft fides,
it ilioots up at once in fuch a manner as to form a ridge of very high moun-
* I have above taken notice of a fimilar praöice in agriculture, p. 615, and obferved,
that, in the main, it agrees with the method pradifed in Swakn and Nonvay for improving
the l.inds.
tains.

Swabla.] GERMANY. i^^
tains. Many parts of it afford a fine fpring-water, wliiill: others have only
rain ; and the principal part of its woods are beech, with little or no rir. It
feeds alfo
very large flocks of flieep.
§.4. The county of .Stc'^/'/ö, in Lntin ^'//riv'i/, derives its name from the
Suevi, who were lb called from their long hair, which they braided and
tied like a Sclnoeif, or train. This Tacitus mentions as a peculiarity belonging
to them by which a Sii'abidii was known. The Sucvi at firft dwelt
betwixt the IVeßr and Oder, but afterwards crolTed the Elbe to the
Mayn and Dainibe ; and, in the time of Jtdiin Cajar, to the Neckar and
Rhine. They inhabited fo large a part of Germany, that feveral nations
were included among them ; as the Sc7iones, Hermiinduri, ^adi, Marcovuiniii
and others, fome of whom palled through Gaid into Spain. In the
fifth century, the country of the Swabians received its name from the Allemamii;
but on the defeat of the latter by the Franks, in the year 496, near
Zuibich, in Latin Tolbiaciim, a town in the Eledtorate oi Cologne ; and Alkmajinia
thus falling under the dominion of the Franks, the name of Sivabia
again came into ufe, and the Kings of the Franks placed dukes over
the country. Charles the Great aboliflied thefe dukes and appointed Cameras
Jsiintii as governors of Swabia, who continued under his fucceflbrs. Kin^
Conrad I. to pleafe the Sivabians, reftored the dukedom and nominated
Count Burchard duke of S'wabia. This dignity was at firft confined to no
particular family, but the Emperor, Henry IV. having conferred it on his
ion-in-law F/Wfr/V/(' oi Hohcnbaiifen ; who, in the year 1094, arrived to
the adtual poflbffion of it, rendered it hereditary to his defcendants. Thefe
new dukes were alfo dukes of Franconia, and enjoyed the fovereign power
both in temporal and fpiritual matters, being not only inverted at the
public Diets with hereditary pofts of the Empire, but alio with their own
offices of ftate, which were always filled with the nobleft families in Sivabia-,
as the Palfgrave of Tubingen and the lords-ftewards of /fWi^z^r^, and before
them with the counts of Maurßetten and WeiJJenhoj'n, the cup-bearers of
Winterßettcn, the chamberlains of ivc;;/;/^/, the marfhals-counts of jD////>7^ra;
and after them the counts of Wurtemberg, the great huntfmen of Aurach,
and others. But as both, from the beginning and during the continuance
of the ducal government there were in S'wabia a great number of other
powerful counts and lords, by whole advice and confent, Burchard, the
firft duke, and his fuccellors, down to Frederick of Hohenliaufen, had been
placed over the dutchy of Swabia, it is not probable that they refigned their
independency and lubmitted themfelves as vaffals to the duke : but though
they honoured thefe dukes with their attendance at his court, though the
religious foundations were under their protection, and though, befides civil
fervices, they alfo accompanied them in their wars, fighting under thcLr
banners, and even took an oath of allegiance and fidelity to them, yet
were they originally free, and continued , together with their lands and
Vol. V. X lordÜiips, .

154 GERMAN T.
[Swabia.
lordf}ilps, immediately dependent on the Empire. Tlius the dukes of Swabia
could not affumc any territorial fupremacy over them, nor require aids
or impofts without the Emperor's permilTion and order. The Princes,
counts and lords were alfo to fit with them as ainilants in the adminillration
of juftice in a kcnigßhule, or King's-bench. The high regalia, and
profits accruing therefrom in the countries and lordfhips of the Sivabiait
Princes, counts and lords, for a long time appertained, in a great mealure,
only to the Emperors and Kings, who appointed provincial-ftewards, and
thefe again deputy-ftewards, for the levying and management of them j
but, in procefs of time, the Princes, barons and lords, by grant, mortgage,
fale and prefervation, have got them into their own hands. Over the Imperial
foundations and convents here, the Emperors and Kings nominated
adminiftrators. In the free Imperial cities were Imperial governors, criminal
and civil judges, ftewards, curators, &c. whilft over the Imperial
villages and i\\e freycn Lenten, or ' free people,' the prccwatcrcs pradiorwit
regaliiwi prefided.
§.5. Of the dukes of Sijoabia, of the family o^Hobenflaufen, feven have fat
on the throne as Kings of Germany and Roman Emperors. (See Introduöicn to
Germany, §.2.) Of thefe Conradlll. was the firft and CoKradW. the laft. They
have alfo poflefTed the hereditary eflates of theGuelpbs in Sicabia, among which
was particularly the hereditary earldom oi Ahorf, as left in inheritance by the
lad of the youngeft branch of the Guelpbs, Guclpho VI. at firft to his brother's
fon Henn the Lion, duke of Baiaria&nd Saxcny, but afterwards to his fifter's
fon the Emperor Frederick, as duke of Swabia, of the houfe of Hobenßazifen,
and on his unfortunate death, in the year 1190, to his fon the
Emperor Henry VI. But though thefe dukes of the Hohenßauff'en family
foon rofe to great power and were poffellurs of very confiderable countries
and lordfhips both in and out of Germany, fo their declenfion was equally
precipitate. Pbilip, duke of Sivabia, had amaffed vaft fums, by which he
obtained the Imperial crov/n. The Emperor, Frederick}!, was obliged to
give up feveral hereditary lands, and his fon, Conrad IV. was put under
the bann of the Empire by his competitor the anti-emperor William, earl
of Holland, and declared to have forfeited both the dutchy of Swabia and
all his lands and lordfhips in Germany ; which feverity received the fandlion
of the Pope. His fon Conrad, by the Italians named Conradin, after many
fruitlefs endeavours to recover his hereditary dutchy of Sivabia, loft his
head at Naples in the year 1268 ; and in him ended the ducal line of Hohenßaiifen.
The hereditary eftates here had been «before alienated, and
the dutchy efcheated to the Empire. Though feveral Princes, counts and
lords affumed to themfelves many Imperial 1 mds in Sioabia, King Rudolph
compelled them to a reftitution. Ever fince the extindfion of the dukes of
Sivabia, the fuperintendency and management of the Imperial cafualties,
profits and revenues, as alfo of the Imperial villages and eftates ftill reiBainin?

Svvabia.]
GERMANY.
maining there ; and likewife, ex commiffionc Gf delcgatione Qefarea, of all the
refcrvata and regalia formerly belonging to the dukes, have been committed
to Imperial ftewards and adminiftrators refiding in Upper and
Loiver-Sivabia.
§. 6. Over the country of Sioabia, as in other provinces, have been appointed
Advocati prcvincicc ge7ieraks, procuratores regni feu Lnperii, & praefedli
provinciaks ; whofe office is, in fuch parts as belong not to the inheritance
of the dukes of Sivahia^ but are immediately fubjed: to the Empire;
befides a general attention to the dues of the Empire and Emperor to colleft,
by means of their deputies, the Imperial rrg^j//«, cafualdes and revenues
in the territories of the Princes, counts, lords, abbies, convents and towns,
and pay them in to the Imperial treafury. Such procurators are known to
have exilled in Swabia fo long ago as the tenth century, and till the begining
of the fifteenth they were fometimes two ; viz. one in Upper and one
in Lcrwer-Siaabia. In the year i;^79, the Emperor Wiiiceßain made a
fecond mortgage of the two Imperial prccuratorlhips in Upper and Lower-
Swabia, to Leopold III. duke of Außrin, on a loan of 40,000 guilders,
which terminated at lafl in his aftual pofleffion of them, and he held rhem
for feveral years ; but, in the year 1386, on the death of L?o/>c/^, the dukes
of Auftritt were diverted of thefe procuratorfliips, which, for many years
after, inftead of being mortgaged, were almoft annually tilled by a new
procurator. In the year 141 5, the Emperor Sigmu?jd, at the council of
Conflanz, with the confent of the Empire, again mortgaged them to Hatis,
I )rd-fl;eward x^^ Waldhurg, for 6000 i^Z^^/^Z/Z) guldens;
but thefe lords-llewarc's
were obliged gradually to augment the mortgage-money to 13,200 florinr.
The Emperor Frederick III. on his accefiion to the government, enabled his
brother Albert, duke of Außria, to redeem the procuratorfliip from thofe noblemen,
and gave him in writing the jurifdidtion over it. To this the lord-
Üeward was obliged to confent; and, in the years 14^2 and 1453, y.i/nes, at
that time lord-fteward, entered into acompacl, by which he was no longer to
exercife the procuratorfhip, either in his own name or in that of the Empire,
but in behalf of Duke Albert, and to term himfelf his procurator. In this
fituation the procuratorlhip of Swabia continued for many years, both on
account of the non-payment of the mortgage-money and the revolt of Duke
Albert, in the year 1460, againft his brother the Emipexov P)-ederick, who,
in the year 1463, put him under the ban of the Empire. Thus the procuratorlhip
devolved to Ha7is, James'?, fon ; and, though at the fame t"me
Sigmuvd, duke o? Außria, made application for it in the year 1464, to
the Emperor Frederick, and obtained his permiflion for the redemption of
it, yet he entered not upon it till the year 1473, Duke Albert of Bavaria
having, by the Emperor's indulgence, undertaken the faid redemption
but at the fame time he again mortgaged it for a like fum to the lordfteward
Hans, or John, who held it, together with the caftle of Ravenf-
X 2
l^icgt.
;
^SS

J56 GERMAN r.
[Swabia.
burg, till the year i486, when the Arch-duke, Sigifmund, paid him down
the mortgage-money : (fee vol. iv. in the Defcription of the AußrianQowntries
in Sivabia) but at prelent all that properly remains of thefe procurators
in Upper and Lrnver-Swabia, is, that the Imperial towns of the
Uebcrlifigcn, hindau^ Biberach, Ravensburg, Wa)2gcn and FfuUendorf,
"every «year, under the title of an acknowledgment, make a prefent, either
in money or wine, to the procurator at Altorj or Ravensburg ; and that
the Imperial, Proteftant churches of Lindau, Weingarten, Sahnanjiveil,
Ochfenhaufen, Roth, M'^eiJJenau, Baindt and Buxhcim iHU pay protedionmoney.
Thus the prefent piocuratorfliips in Sicabia, which are called the
procuratorfhip oi Altorf ^LTid Ravensburg, fliould by no means be confounded
with the ancient procuratorfliips in Upper and Loicer- Sicabia ; the very
name of the latter fcarce remaining : but the management of the procuratorfliip
of Altorf and Ravensburg fvid. vol. iv. in the Defcription of the Au~
Jtrian countries in Sivabia) has been transferred to the Imperial procurators
in Upper and Lower-S-ivabia.
§. 7. The procuratorihip of Sivabia is ahb to be diftinguiflied from the
free Imperial jurifdidion in Upper and Lower-Swabia, on Leutkircher-heaih,
and in the Gepurs *. Its origin there is of the fame date with the ancient
placita, or malla publica & proviiicialia, and came into ufe even under the
dukes oi Sivabia, who enjoys alfo the power, in the name of the Emperor
and Empire, of taking poflelTion and giving grants of them. The ancient
judges of the country were flyled Landrichter auf der Held, or 'Judges on
the heath, when the court was held on the heath of Leutkircb ; and Landrichter
in der Gepurs, ' or judges in the Gepurs,' when the court was held
in fome other court-towns in the Purs ; as at Lindau, Wangen, or Ravensburg.
In the year 1425 /^o/X- Sy/r;W was the firft country -judge who ftyled
himelf Landrichter auf der heid, and in der pirs; which title was alfo
* Of the heath of Leuiiircher fome account has been given in vol. iv. in the Defcription of
the Aujtr'uin countries in Sivabia. Gepurs, Purs, Pirs, Burfz, Purjch, or Burfch, fignifics hunting
; being derived from the word Birfen, or Burfchen, to huiit. All over Lcutkircher-heath the
neighbouring inhabitants enjoy what is called the libera venaiio, or " free right of huntine."
How far this privilege, from which thejurifdiction takes its name, reaches beyond the heath of
LeuikirJm-, is not eafily determined, but probably only to the tra(ft of land belonging to Upper-
Algaus and the woods and lordlhips on that fide oi Arlberg. From time immemorial alfo there
have been other free Burfchc, or " hunting diftrifls," in Upper and Lower-Swalia ; which ftill
continue fuch though wholly independent of the liberty oi Leutkircher-heath ; as, namely, the
frce-hunting-diftrii£t on the Danube, which extends to above ten hours in length, and is divided
into the upper co7nmon hunting-grounds lying betwixt the Danube; viz. into the ^2^2;, Buchatier-heath,
Alirßeig and Canzag ; and into the lower cotmnon himting-groimdsfituate heiwixt the Danube, containing
ßZ^a and y^jJ; : l\\c: Frcye burfch, or " free hunting-grounds," oi BoJJerhard, nczr Alemmingen,
comprehending the greateil part of the difiriiSt o{ Memmitigen and others. This diftridl
lies betwixt the GunT, and the Her. The freye burjch at and about IVarthaujcn, lying betwixt the
Rifz and the Danube ; the Rothzveilfreye burfch, near and about Rothzvcil ; the freye burfch, lying
round the Imperial city of tFeil, on the Neckar and Schwarzwald ; near Tubingen, or in the valley
of Steinlacher; nearthechy of Jalen near Donauwerth [n the Reichfpßege, i.e. "thelmperial-canton;
near Balingen; at and about Ehingen; in the woods of Hohenzoller-HichJngifrKr,, Hölzern and Zol-
Urberg; and the common hunting-groujids, called Mandat, which lie
about the town of Gmünd.
adopted

Swabia.] GERMANY, 157
adopted by the judges of the lord-fteward and thofe of Aujlria, 'till Ham-
Thunoivcr, towards the beginning of the fixteenth century, and alio about
the time when the provincial-court, on the heath of Leutkircher, was extended
further on the Aiißrian fide, took upon himfelf, in imitation of the
governor, the title o{ Landrichter in Upper dixid. Lower-Sivabia, on the heath
oi Leutkircher and in the Gepun. Though the original feat too of this provincial-court
was on Leutkircher-heath, and its jurifdiäion formerly limited
to that and the Burfch, without any pre-eminence above any other particular
courts ; and, even at the time when the procuratorfliip fell to the
houfe oi Außria, like the other Imperial courts in Swabia., wasof Imall importance,
dignity and power ; and many of the Imperial flates in Swabia,
as Princes, counts, barons, prelates and Imperial cities were exempted,
without limitation, from all provincial-courts, except in the cafe of denying
or protrading juflice ;
yet the judges on the heath of Leutkircber
and in the Burjch, from the end of the fifteenth century, when the appointment
of country-courts, together with the procuratorfliip of Swabia,
fell in fome meafure into the hands of the houfe of Außria, began to
give quite another form to the provincial courts, intorducing both the cafiis
refcrvati and denying appeals to the Aulick-courts, and even extending both
their power and boundaries, which occafioned great clamours among the
Princes and States of the Circle of S^oabia ; notwithftanding which, to this
very day, the provincial-court enjoys the following extenfive jurifdidtion :
that is to fay, it begins at the Imperial town of Lindau, which lies in its
immediate diftrift, and the intermediate country betwixt that and the lake
of Co77ßanz, as far as Morfpiirg, belongs to it. From thence the franchifes
of this court extend themfelves over the lake to Conßanz ; but this city
denies its authority. After this its boundaries become the fame with thofe
of Swabia and Switzerland ; and thus, including alfo the ifland of Reichenrai,
it extends to Ratolphzell, Tengen and Stidingen. Next follows the
county of Bondorf, together with the landgraviate of Baar ; the upper and
lower earldom of Hochberg, particularly the Imperial city of Rothwcil and
the town of Villingen. From thence the limits of its jurifdid:ion extend
themfelves along thofe of Wiirtemberg to the Imperial town of Gmund,
Oettingen-Baldcrn and Donauwert are alfo included in them ; and from this
place they proceed to Reuthe on the Brücke. The lordlliips on this fide of
Arlberg having been exempted by the Emperor Ferdinand, in the year
^SSS^ from the jurifdidlion of the provincial-courts, contrary to the univerfal
complaints of the neareft Imperial towns; particularly of Lindau,
Ravensburg, Wangen, Yfni and Leutkirch. The boundaries are continued
from Reuthe to Tannheim, then to the lordOiip of Konigfcck-Rothen/els, and
from thence to Lindau, till they even divide the lordlliip of Brcgenz from the
neighbouring diftridls. Exclufive too of this lordfhip, to it likewife belongs
the earldom of Hohen-Embs. The provincial-court has a concurring jurifdiction

;
1S8
GERMANY. [Swabia.
rifdiaion v/itlvthe ftates of the Empire lying in its diftrid, unlefs any ftatc
can prove an immunity. All caufes alfo belonging to towns in the firfl: inftance,
and all immediate and mediate members of the Empire in Swabia within
the diftrict of the provincial court are brought before it. Appeals were before
and even under the firft Außrian judges, brought only to the Aulic-
Council alone; but ever fince the year i 530 to the y^z///?7rt« chamber, and
at laft it was fiipulated by the Emperor Leopold in the capitulation of his
Election, that any part aggrieved fliall, without let or hindrance, have free
appeal from this provincial court, either to that of the Emperor or the Imperial
chamber.
The tribunals on the heath of Lcutkircher and in the Furs have anciently
had four particular court-towns, all lying within the Purs, namely, Lentkircby
Wangen, Lindau and Ravensburg; but the government of them
falling into the hands of Außria inftead oi Lindau, the Imperial markettown
of y^.Vo^y has been made a court-place, and inftead oi Letitkirch the
town of Tjni, In each of thefe four court-towns a country-court is held
twelve times a year, 'viz. at the beginning of each month at Altorf, thea
at Ravensburg, and at laft at TJhi. Each reigning arch-duke oi Auflria, as
fovereign of the Imperial country-court, appoints the judge over it ;
and the
perfon nominated to that office is certified to the four country-towns for their
approbation, till when he enters not on his office. The afleflbrs or affiftants
here are four Stab or Statthalters, of which each court-town appoints
one in particular to prefide in the abfence of the Imperial judge. In the
three Imperial towns this officer is generally a burgomafter, or one of the
council ; and at AltcrJ the Flecken-Ainmann, or juftice of the town. Each
court-town has alio its particular afleflbr, of whom there are twelve in all
who are appointed by the ufual magiftrates of the court-towns, but are always
chofen out of the council or college of juftice, or out of the moft
fubftantial citizens, ftriä: regard being had to their virtue and abilities.
The fee of a coadjutor for each juridical feffion is only fix kruitzers. The
Recorders of the provincial courts are generally the Chancellors of the three
Imperial cities ; and at Altorf, the clerk of the court. The perquifites of
the provincial court, though by no means confiderable, yet fufiice notwithftanding
to defray the charge without any grievance to the agents.
§. 8. Befides this provincial court many others of the like origin and antiquity
have been eftabliftied in Sicabia ; and fome of them even yet exift,
as namely, the free Imperial courts of Rankiiveil in Mujhen, mentioned
in vol. iv. in the defcription of the Außrian Sivabia. In Tburgau, which
at the dole of the 15th century was ceded to the confederates at the
-
treaty o( Bafil, and in their name is held monthly at Frauenfeld; at Nellenbur^,
(See vol. iv. in the defcription of the Außrian Sivabia ;) at Schackebuch,
in the county oi Heiligenberg ; and alfo in the county of Kempten and at
Oettiiigcn. Of the ancient provincial court here, and the fubfequent Imperial
Aulic Court at Rotbiccil a fufficicnt account will be given under the
article of that town. §. 9. In

Svvabia.]
GERMANY.
§. 9. In the middle ages Sicabia was divided into a great number of
Gaus, in Latin Fagi, the nair.es of feme of which are ftill in ufe, as the
Algau, Alpengau, Argau or Ergau, the Argoigau, Baar, Brenzgau, Brcttacbau,
Brettigau, Brifgau, Burgau, Cktgau, Craichgaii which (properh'
lies betwixt Svjabia and the lower Palatinate, and contains the leffer Gaus
of Schimecbgau, Enzingau or E7izgmi, and Salzgau) Donogau, Gleinjgati,
Hegau, Jaxtgau, Ilej-gau, Rochtngau or Rochergau, Linzgau, Murgau or
Murachgau, Nagcldgau, to which once belonged alfo Walgau, Ncbclgau,
Niebelgau, Ortenau, Rheingau, das Ries, SchuJJ'engau, Sulmgau, Thurgau,
Wtniigau or Wiringau, Zabernachau or Zabergau, Zurichgau, &c,
§. 10. The greateft part of Swabta belongs at prefent to the Circle cf
that name; a confiderable part aUb to that oi Au/lria, (See vol.iv, in thedcfcription
of th^Außrian countries in S^yabia ;) and a lefTer part to the Upper
Circle of the Rhine, (See above the defcription of Strasburg, Fulda, Naf-
^59
fau, 2^n6. Hanau-Lichtenberg;) a fmall trait alfo of the dutchy of A'i'z/i'?/;-^
along the Danube projects beyond the Circle oi Bavaria into S-ivabia ; and
this forms the diftridts of the dutchy of Swabia. The nobility immediately
dependent on the Empire are alfo poffeircu of confiderable eftates and lordfliips
in Swabia.
Of the Circle of S JV AB I yl
in
particular,
§. I. ^T^ H E Circle oi Swabia, which, though it comprehends not all,
-* yet contains the greateft part of Schwabenland, was firft reprefented
in a map by Nie. Sartß'on and iiis fon William, which was the bafis
of all the fucceeding maps ot tiiis Circle, publifhed both in HJland and
Swabia ; though not without making feme ufe alfo ofthat drawn by PtiYr
Willius, which was publiflicd bv Matthew Wagner in the year 1689, and
was again republillied with additions in 1714 by Bartholomcei ; and was copied
by Leopold without acknowledging the name of its author. Another
general map alfo compofed by Humer was publiiLed by George Bodeuber,
and afterwards by ^//vrf'i^tY/^. In the year 1704 de I'If.e put forth a map
which was very different from all the preceding ones, and an elegant copy
of it wa? publiflied by Wcljf. This was fucceeded by Captain Micbal's
larger and more accurate map of this country which was printed by Seutter
on nine leaves : but that alfo admitting of fome amendments, profeflbr Hcfe
contracted it with his corrections ; and in this form it was publilhed in one
leaf in the year 1743 by Hoinanns heirs. Though the profelTor's map is
undoubtedly the beft we have at prefent, yet does it in fome refpedts ftand
in need of the fame kind offices which he performed to Captain MicbaFs.
The neweft large map of eight leaves by Kolleffcl, engraved by Ffeff'el
fince.

i6o GERMANY, [Swabk.
fince the year 1750, is to be had of Honwjins heirs. This map is more
complete and accurate than that of Captain Micbal\ ; but as mathematical
precilion is particularly wanting in it, profeffor Haje's map mull: be confnlted
along with it. And thefe jointly give the trueft reprefentation of
the Circle of S^cobia which has hitherto appeared.
§. 2. This Circle borders on the Upper Circle of the Rbi?7e, the Palatinate
of Franconia, Bavaria and Außria^ as alfo on Switzerland. The countries
belonging to it contain about feven hundred and twenty-nine fquare
Genuan miles.
§.3. The States of Sivabin, according to the five benches into which
they are divided in the Diet, are,
1. Ecclefiaflical Princes and abbots, namely, Conßanz, Augsburg, EllliHingen
and Kempten, the two laft of whom are alternately changed every
Diet.
2. The temporal Princes and abbots, thefe are JVurtemberg, Baadenbaaden,
Baaden-Diirlach, Baaden-Hochberg, Zoilern-Heckitigen and Haigerloch,
Zollern-Sigfnaringen , the abbies of Linden and Bitckau (which are
changed alternately every Diet, but the bench of prelates proteft againft
their ^xtctdi&vizy^Avenberg on account of T7j6'7/§-^«, Furßenberg- Heiligenberg,
Oettingen for the place of the fame name, Schwarzenberg on account of
Sulz Lichtenßein, and Furftenberg-Stublingen.
3. The prelates, namely, Saltnanfweil, Weingarten, Ochfe?ihanfen, Elcbingen,
Trfee, Urfperg, Kayferß:eim, Roggenburg, Rotb, Weißenau, Scbufjtnried,
Marchtbal, Peterß:aiifen, Wettenbaujen, Ziviefaltcn and Gengenbach
; as alfo abbefles, namely, Heggbacb, Giitenzell, Rotbmimßer and
Baindt,
4. Counts and barons, as the Landcomtburey, or Commanderies, Alfchhaufen,
the three lines of the houfe of Oettingen-Wallerßein, which enjoy
only one vote ; Fnrflenbcrg-Moskircb; the Elector of Bavaria on account of
Wiej'enßeig; Furßenberg for Baar ; Furjlenberg for Haufen in the Kinzingertbal,
Mojitfort, Triicbfefz-zeil and Wurzacb, together with Trucbfefz-lVoIfcgg
and Waldfee, T'riichßfz-Scbeer, Diirinetingen and Trauchhurg ; Konigßgg-Rotbenfels,
Konigfegg-Anlendorf fwhich the houfes of Konigfegg and
Truchfefz reprefent by turns^ the Eledor of Bavaria for Mindelbeitn, Furßenberg
for Gtindelfingen, Baaden-Baaden for Eberßin, the lines of Marx-
Fugirer and Ham-Fiigger, as alfo of Jacob-Fugger, Hobcnenn, Wurtemberg
for "Jußingen, St. Blaß for Bondorf, 'Traun for Egloff, Stadion for Thanbatifen,
Hoben-Gerolzegg and Taxis for Eglingen.
5. The free Imperial towns, namely, Augsburg, Uhi, Efzlingen, Reutlingen,
Nordlingen, Hall, Neberlingen, Rothiveil, Heilbronn, Gmünd, Memmingcn,
Lindau, Dinkehbubl, Biberach, Ravensburg, Kempten, Kaußbeuren,
Weil, Wangen, IJhi, Leutkircb, Wimpfen, Giengen, Pfullendorf, Buchhorn,
Aalen, Bopfingen, Bucbau, Offenburg, Gengenbach, Zell m Hammersbach.
The

Swabla.] C E R M A N r.
The three laft of thefe ftile themfelves the united taivns ; as EfzlinTen, Nordlingen.
Hall, Heilbronn^ Mem7mngen and Lindau are called the Jix correffonding
toians.
The \oTd{\\\^ o( Rechbcrg and the town oi Donarnvtrtb are indeed called
over at the Diet ; but the former of thefe is annexed to the manor oi Douau
Viertels, and of the latter the Elector of Bavaria is fovereign.
§. 4. The Princes fummoned to the Diet of the Circle are, the bifhop of
Coßanz and the duke of Wurtanberg, but the latter is fole dircdor : He
previoufly, however, communicates to the former the deliberations which
•are to come before the Circle;
The Diets of the Circle are commonly held
at Ulm, and in time of peace twice a year. Each of the five benches has
its diredor, but without any peculiar privilege above the reft of his order.
The diredors of the five benches fet their feals to all the recejfus^ or ads of
the Circle, and other difpatches. The bifliop of Coflanz is the perpetual
diredor of the bench of ecclefiaftical Princes, as the duke of Wurtember^ is
of that of the temporal Princes. The diredors of the benches of prelates
and counts are chofen only for life. JJlm, indeed, is perpetual diredor of
the bench of the Imperial towns, but Augsburg always votes firft.
The leiTer
afiemblies here confift always of ten States of the Circle, includinp- the two
Princes nominated thereto, who frequently meet during the general convention
of the Circle, when matters of too great prolixity for the general aficmbly
are to be difcufled ; and then they are filled the ordinary depiitaticn. The
chancery and record-office belonging to the Circle are at St'utgardt, the refidence
of the directory o{ Wurtember^.
§. 5. This Circle, as fituated towards France, is one of the anterior Circles
of the Empire as they are called, and it not only entered into an afibciation
with the Circle of Franconia at Nordlingen in the years 1691, and
1692 and 1700, but alfo with the other anterior Circles in the year 1697,
and in 1702 with thofe of the Vpper-Rhine, Palatinate, Aiißria and Franionia,
and afterwards frequendy renewed it. It has alfo frated Diets, in
conjundion with the Circles of Franconia and Bavaria, for the afi"aying of
coin. In the year 1681, the military force of the Empire, by a decree of
the Diet, was fettled in time of peace at 40,000 men, and the quota of
the Cjrcle of Sivabia alone came to 13 21 horfe, and 2707 foot. A like affefi"ment
was alfo pafled for the Circles of Upper-Saxony, Burgundy, Lciver-
Rhine, JVeftphalia and Lower-Saxony, with which it was alio put on an
equality in the year 1707 at the divifion of the 300,000 florins, which was
the fum granted for that purpofe, its proportion was rated at 31,271 florins
fifty-eight kruitzers, five deniers. The number of troops in this Circle conftantly
kept on foot confift of four regiments of infantry,
each compofed of
twelve companies, one regiment of dragoons and one of cuiraffiers, each
confifting of eight fquadron?. The commander of the Circle is ililed Gcneral-feldmarfhal.
Vol. V. Y §. 6. With
161

1 62: GER
M A N 7\ [CoRaiiz,
§. 6. With- refpeel to religion this Circle is reckoned among the mixed
ones. At prefent it nominates to the Imperial chamber two afTeirors, one of
whom is Catholic the other Lutheran. When a Catholic afleiTor dies, his death
is certified by the Imperial chamber to the bhhop o{ CoJ':a?iz, who acquaints
the Catholic States with it, who either unanimoufly or by a majority of votes
eledoneof the perfons propofed to them by the bifliop, or refer the nosiination
to him; and the birtiop, afterwards, in either cafe, prefents the perfon
to the Imperial chamber. But when a Lutheran aflefibr dies, the Imperial
chamber notifies it to the duke oi JVurtember g, who thereupon further
certifies it to the Margrave of Baaden-Durlach and the city of Ulm, by a
writ from the Imperial chamber, upon which, in conjundtion with the
other Proteftant States and members, they hold a meeting for the nomination
of another perfon, who upon that is propofed to the duke of Wurtemberg
; and the latter again not only prefents to the Imperial chamber the
perfons thus nominated by this body of Proteftant States, but alfo when h«
cannot concur with their nomination, may, as fummoning Prince of th-e
Circle, prefent another, or when he approves the perfons nominated to fill
this dignity, prefents them, both in his own name and that of the Proteftant
States to the Imperial chamber, leaving the choice to thofe who are the heft
judges of their abilities.
§. 7. Under the Emperor Frederick III. the Circle of Swahia was, for
the fake of the peace of Germany, divided into four quarters, which divifion
ftill continues, and on many occafions has been found to be beneficial. The
head of the firft is the duke oi Wurtemberg, of the fecond the Margrave of
Baaden, of the third the bifliop of Coftanz and the abbot of Kempten^ and
of the fourth the bifliop of Augsburg.
The Bishopric of
C O S 1: A N Z.
§, I. np HE lands and eftates of the bifhopric of Coftanz or Coßnitz, be-
-"
longing to the Empire oi Germany, lie in Upper-Siaabia on both fides
of the Bodenjees, or lake of Coftanz.
In the year 17 17, the bifhopric employed
three eftates of the Circle of Swabia to examine into the ftate of its lands
and inhabitants, and thofe of the ahhty oi Reiche}!au lying within the territory
of the Empire, and to form a table of them. According to this examination
this Circle has within the Empire, two cities, feven villages, twentytwo
hamlets, nineteen manors, 1632 vaflals, who are for the moft part
only vine-dreflers and day-labourers, 1458 houfes, 2562 vines, 9160
meafured corn-fields, 4634 t mcinm-maade (that is, as much meadow as one
man

;
-CoAanz.] G E R MAN T. -1 63
-man can mow in a day) and 2121 v of meafured wood. Meadow-grounds
and ploughed-hinds turn to very little account here; the foil being wholly
-clayey, landy, or marfliy, and fubjeö: to inundations.
In the towns and villages
the only trade carried on is in wine, but this amounts to nothing coniiderable,
in what is exported to the neighbouring countries. In the abovementioned
table neverthelefs are omitted two Imperial diftri

i64 GERMANY. [Coflanz,
pre-eminence over him was along conteft, which produced many folid pieces
on both fides. In the year 1521, by the Imperial matricula, the quota of
the biihopric of Coßanz was fourteen horfe and fixteen foot, or four hundred
and eight florins. In 1545 it was affefTed one half lefs; but in 1567
was raifed to ten horfe and thirty foot, or two hundred and forty florins :
the cathedral, however, till the year 1683, paid only the fmaller alTefl'ment
of feven horfe and thirty foot, or two hundred and four florins, both towards
the taxes of the Empire and thofe of the Circle of Siv^bia. On account
of the ühhzy Ol Reichenau, which has been incorporated with the bifnopric,
in the year 1545 a particular aflTeiTment was made at two horfe
and four foot, or forty florins. In the year 1683, the whole taxation of
the bifliopric, and the abbey of Rcichenau alfo included, was reduced by
the Imperial mairicula to one hundred and eight florins,
to which eight florins
flfty kruitzers being added for the lordlliip of Ittejidorfy purchafed in
1649, ^^ vvhole amount of the bifliopric's contingent is one hundred and
iixteen florins fifty kruitzers. A further redudion was applied for, but oppofed
by the whole Circle. To the Kammerziclc, or Imperial chamber at
Wetxlar^ the billiopric, together with the abbey of Reichctuiu, was in the
year 1726, rated atone hundred and tv/enty-one rix-dollars fixty-one kruitzers
and a half. The ancient taxation of the bifhopric in the papal treafury
is 2500 florins ; but in 1704 only four hundred and ten were paid for the
confirmation of bifliop John Francis.
§. 5. The colleges of this bifhop are, the ecclefiaflical council, the courtcouncil,
and the treafury. His officers are the Upper-Vogte, or Chief-intendant,
together with the Aintnumncr^ or Prefeft,
§. 6. The bifliop's board-revenue, according to a report made from the
chapter to the court oti Rome in the year 171 2, amounted only to 20,000
florins.
§. 7. We now proceed to
I. The mofi: remarkable places belonging to the biflioprlc, which are as
follow, mz.
Merßurg or Morfpurg, a city lying on the Bodenjee and the ufual refldence
of the bifliop, containing a feminary for fecular clergy and a nunnery
oi Dominicans. This town is
faid to have been conferred on the bifliopric
by the counts oi Rordorf. In the year 1647 the palace here was burnt
down by the Swedes. Its neighbourhood produces plenty of wine.
Obf. Near the city flands a crofs in the lake, on which is an infcription
importing that the lake in that part is tv/o thoufand nine hundred fathoms
broad, and one hundred and eight deep.
Markdorf or Marchdorf a little town in which was formerly a collegiate
church, at prefent converted into a nunnery of Fra?icifcans. Near
the town fliands
a convent of Capuchins.
liteiidorf, an Imperial lordflfip, purchafed by the cathedral of the city of
Neber-

i
Goftanz.] GERMANY. 165
Ueherl'mgen in the year 1649, on account of which it pays a diftinct afTcfTnient
as regiftered in the matriada of the Empire.
ReicbenaUy in Latin, Augia dii'es, or major, an abbey of Bcnediclinei
ftanding on a pleafant idand of the fame name in the ZeUer-fce, and fii fir
erefted by St. Pirjrdniia in the year 724. This abbey was formerly very rich,
and an immediate free Imperial foundation, the abbot of which enjoyed the
dignity of Prince^
as alfo a feat and vote in the Diet of the Circle o^ Sioabia.
But ever fince the beginning of the 1 5th century it has greatly declined, and
at lafl, namely, in the year 1535, was incorporated with the cathedral of
Coftanz, and in 1 540 w^holly ceded to it, fo that from that time the revenues
of its ancient abbots are devolved to the bifhop, who has converted it into a
bailiwick 5 but the abbey has lately ufed great endeavours, in oppofition to
the Pope and the cathedral oi Coßmiz, to aflert its privilege of being a State
of the Empire, and for procuring its incorporation to be declared illegal.
Its arms are a crofs gules in a field argent ; and its taxation in the rnatrkula
of the Empire was formerly one horleman and four foot, or twenty eight
florins, which in the year 1 545 was raifed to two horfe and four foot, or
forty florins, as may be read above, §.4. In the' year 17 12, the bifliop of
Coßanz foUicited for a vote in the college of Princes by virtue of this
abbey, but met with a repulfe. This biHiop ftiles himfelf Lord of Rcicbenau,
and not Abbot J
but the latter is the title generally given him by the Emperor.
The convent boafts of being pofl^efied of the body of St, Mark the
Evangeliß; but this is dilputed with them by the Venetians. It is more
certain that the Emperor Charles the Fat lies buried there. In the convent
is alfo fliewn an emerald of extraordinary fjze, being two inches thick, and
larger than a common folio, and weighing twenty-eight pounds three
quarters. This emerald was prefented to the convent by Charlemagne. The
Monks here are fubjedt to a prior.
The ifland of Reichenau is half a mile long, abounding in fine vineyards
and all kinds of fruits. On it are flill flanding the villages of Louver and
Vpper-Zell.
Oehningen, a canonical college of Augnfiines-, fituate not far from the
town of Stein. This convent was founded in the year 965, by Chuno count
oi Oehningen, who endowed it with his eftate ; but in 1534 the prior's revenue
was, with the confent of the Emperor and Pope, anne:

'
i66 G E R M A N r. [Augsburg.
Prince of Schwarze?iherg, as Landgrave of Kletgatt, claims not only the
criminal iurifdiflion of this place, but alfo the fovereignty of the lordfliip,
allowing to the cathedral only the lower jurifdidlion.
JI. The following lordfhip, belonging to the chapter ; viz.
The Imperial lordfhip of Conzcnherg^ lyirig en the north fide of the Tianuhe
not far from Tuttlingen, and belonging to the dutchy of Wurtejuberg.
In the taxation-table of the Circle of Snvnbia it is rated at eighteen florins.
Obf. The lordfliips and manors of the bifhop and chapter lying in the
counties of Baaden and Thurgau are to he looked for in the account of
Switzerland.
Bishopric of
AUGSBURG.
'The
§. I. ' I ""HE lands lielonging to the bifliopric oi Aiigshiirg lie fcattered betwixt
the rivers Lech, Her and Danube ; but the greateft part of
ihem near the former. They form a part of the ancient Vindelicia, which
was included in Rhcetia. That traft of it lying towards the Tirolefe and
belonging to Algau is very mountainous ; whereas the other principally confifts
of fine corn-land and paftures.
§. 2. This diocefe takes its name from the Imperial city of Augsburg,
•where it was founded. The name of the firll bifhop thereof was SozymuSy
who was raifed to that dignity fo early as the year 590. Bifhop Mannus
Sambuca, the fourth in order, firft procured immoveable revenues to his
bifhopric; and Bifhop Brico, who lived in the eighth century, augmented
them. Bifhop Zeijo, whom others call Rozilo, repaired the capitol of
Augsburg, which lay in ruins, ereding it into a bifhop's fee, Bifhop
Xunbert, or Simbert, towards the beginning of the ninth century, incorporated
the bifhopric of Neuburg with that of Augsburg. His fuccefTor,
Hanta, count oi Andechs, greatly enriched it with the addition of his whole
fortune. Under Bifhop Bruno the diocefe received another confiderable
agrandifement, his brother, the Emperor Henry II. conferring on him the
title of Prince, together with the privilege of hunting, feveral imports and
other advantages. He bequeathed to it his feat at Straubingen, with many
•valuable appurtenances. AH the treafures of the churches of S. Afra he
likewife added to the bifliopric, and feparated the revenues of thefe two
churches. Under the fucceeding bifliops the eftate of the diocefe received
•divers additions, particularly in the thirteenth century, when Bifliop Hartmatin,

Augsburg.] GERMANY. 167
vmnn, count of Dillingen, annexed to it the town of DilUiigcn, with the
county of JVittißitigen and other lands. Bifhop Woljhart-Roth purchafed
feveral villages, and by means of Bifhop Henry IV. the Emperor Lcv:is
mortgaged to the cathedral tht Strafz'-cogtey, orfuperintendency of theroad:>,
with the villages belonging to it.
§. 3. The Prince and bißiop of Augsburg, in the college of Prince?,
fits and votes betwixt the biihop of Cojlanz and Hildcß:eim. In a Diet
too of the Circle of Si^abia-, he pofTefTes the fecond feat among the ecclcllaftical
Princes, and is alfo the head of that fourth quarter of S'-u:abia which
lies betwixt the rivers Lech, Danube and Her. The arms of this bifliopric
are, party per pale, gules and argent. Its afleffment, according to the ma-
?;7V«/rt of the Empire, in the year 1521, is twenty-one horiemen and ore
hundred foot, or fix hundred and fifty-two florins ; but, in the prefent ftiatricula,
is faid to be fomewhat Ufs. To the chamber of Wetzlar its contingency
is one hundred and eighty-nine rixdollars, thirty-one kruitzers and
-rV. In ecclefiaftical affi\irs it pertains to the province of the archbifliop of
Metitz. This diocefe, towards the eaft, extends beyond the Lech to the
diücefes of Ratisbon and Freyfingen ; fouthward, to thofe of Brixcn and
Chiir ; weftward, to the billiopric of Cojlanz, from which it is feparatcd
by the Her; and northward, beyond the Danube^ to the bifhoprics of
Eichßatt and JVurtzburg.
§. 4. The chapter of the cathedral here confifts of forty perfons. The
hereditary marlhal of the billiopric is Baron Wefto-nach ; the hereditary
chamberlain Baron Freyberg; the hereditary cup-bearer baron Weiden-, and
the hereditary fteward Baron Stadien. The cathedral is in the Imperial
city of Augsburg, where the biihop alfo has his court ; but his proper refidence
is in the town of Dillijigen..
§. 5. The temporal and fpintual colleges belonging to the diocefe are, the
general vicariate, the ecclefiaflical council and the confiftory, the regency,,
the treafury and the court of fiefs.
§. 6. The epifcopal revenue here is ertimated at near 100,000 rixdollars.
A prebendary brings in 1000, or 1700 guilders; but this depends on the
plenty or fcarcity of the fruits of the earth.
§. 7. In the Imperial city of Augsburg, the bifhop, as Prince, has a
burg-grave court, offices of finances, demefnes, taxes and other courts rcrlative
to the adminiftration of juftice,
or the different branches of his prerogative
and revenue-
§. 8. The towns and manors belonging to this epifcopal Principality are,
1. The town and bailiwick of Dillingen.
Dillingen, the refidence of the Prince, ftands on the Danube, and had
formerly counts of its own, to whom it gave title. Hartmann, the lafc
count of Dillingen, who was alfo biihop of Augsburg and died in the year
1286, conferred this town on the bifhopric. In the laft quarter of tl\e
fifteenth.

J 58 G E R M A N r. [Augfburg.
fifteenth century Bidiop John II. repaired, for his own refidence, the palace,
which had fallen to ruins ; and Bilhop Otio, in the year 1552, founded an
univerfity here, in which is alfo a college of fecular canons, as likewife one
of Jefuits, together with a convent of Capuchins and two nunneries.
To the bailiwicks of Dil/iagen particularly belong the following
with a bailiwick over each ;
viz.
villages,
AItbeif?i, Schretzheiw, Frißlingen and Weifzengen. Betwixt the lafl: and
the little river of Siifam lies the BenediSline convent of Fultenbach, which
belongs to the dioceie of Augsburg, and was founded in the year 730.
Gremhcim lies further down the Daiinbe.
Wittißi7igen formerly bore the title of a county, but was given away to
the diocefe at
the fame time with the town of Dillingen.
2. The Pfleg-Amt, or prefedurate of Avslingen, fituate on the Danube.
Its principal place the market-town of Ayflingen.
3. The prefedurate of Westendorf and Killenthal, fituate on
the Lech.
Not far from the feat of Killenthal ftands the Benedictine monaftery of
Holz, or the monaßerium S. Johannis Baptißa inßlvä.
4. The prefeäurate of Zusmarshausen, lying on the river Siifam,
which runs into the Danube. In it
Ziifmarßjaiißn, a market-town, containing a feat.
Dinkelfcherben, a market-town.
5. The prefedurate of Pfaffenhausen, feated on the river Mindel,
and purchafed for the cathedral by Bifliop JVolßhai-t towards the end of the
thirteenth century.
Fßaß'enhaufen,
In it
a market-town.
6. The prefedturate uf Schoneck, lying on the river Gunz, and alfo
purchafed by Bifhop TVolfloari.
SchoJjeck, a hamlet, containing a feat.
Bewen, a nunnery of Francifcans.
In this prefedurate is
7. The prefedurate of Bobingen, fituate betwixt the rivers Wertach
and Lech.
Obf. In thefe parts to the fuperintendency of the reads belong the villages
of Goggingen, Inningen, Balingen, Mehringen, Ailingen, Menchingen,
Erlingen, and others.
8. The prefedurate of Schwabmünchen, alfo fituate betwixt the two
abovementioned rivers, in a diftrid called Lechfeld. Belonging to it is
Schicahmmchen, a market- town, famous for its cotton ftockings.
9. The prefedurate of Buchloe, lying along the rivulet of Gcbnach,
which runs into the Werbach. This prefedurate contains
a market-town.
In
Buchloe,
10. The prefedurate of Leeder, lituate not far from the river Lech.
it
Leeder, a market-town. j i . The

Ellwangen.] GERMANY. 16^
1 1. The prefedurate of Oberdorf, fituate on the river Wcrtach. Belonging
to it
Oberdorfy
a market-town.
12. The prefedturate of Nesselwang, with the market-town of the
fame name.
13. FuESSEN, or Füssen, in Latin OppidumFaucenJe, ov Fiejfenfe, afmall
town, feated on the Lech, and alfo a frontier place and pafsto Bavaria and
the Tyrolefe. In it is a BenedicWie abbey and a convent of Francifcam %
but the town is more noted for the peace concluded there betwixt Außria
and Bavaria in the year 1745.
14. The prefedurate of Sonthofen, fituate on the river Her, which
receives its fource at the boundary of this bailiwick. Belonging to it
Sonthofen, or Sunthofen, a market-town.
Fluchenftein, Rettenberg, Hindlang, Oy or Au, and other places, together
with
Oberfdorf, a market-town.
Obf. I . The cathedral has acquired feveral lands and places which formerly
paid, or ftill pay tribute to the immediate noblefle of the quarter on
the Danube, as Ottilienberg, Altcnsbcrg, Sidzfcbmidt, Auten-ried, Anhofen,
Donau-Altheim, Lindau, Riebling, Sec. 2. In the T/Vo/f/^ it has a cuftomhoufe
^iLurx and a farm at Botzen. 3. Befides feveral village?, eflates and
efcheats which it would be too long here to enumerate.
ELLJVANGEN,
The Princely Priory of
§. I. 'TpHE lands of this priory are fituate on the frontiers of the Circle
*• of Franconia, betwixt the county of Oettingen, a part of the
dutchy of Wurtemberg and the Imperial city of Aalen, as alfo the county of
Limburg and the marquifate of Brandenburgh-Onohhach.
§. 2. Its foundation was firft eftabliflied in the year 764 as a convent of
Benedictines, afterwards as an abbey, and in 1460 and 1461, changed
into a temporal priory. Some are of opinion, that this foundation was declared
Princely fo early as the year 10 1 r, by the Emperor Heriry II. and that
this dignity was confirmed to it by the Emperor Charles IV. in the year 1347.
Others, on the contrary, aflert that it was not raifed to the Princely rank
till the year 1555, though from the Imperial votes of 1500, the priors of £//-
zvangen appear to have fat in the Diets among the Princes before that time.
Vol. V. Z §.3. The

170 GERMANY. [Ellwangen
§. 3- The prior and lord of 'Elliaangen fits on die bench of the ecclefiaftical
Princes in the Imperial council of Princes, next to the abbot of Ä'e-w/^ten
; but in the Diets of the Circle of Sivabia they take precedence alternately,
conformably to an agreement made in the year 1582. The chapter
here confifts of twelve perfons. The arms of the faundation are a mitre or.»
in a field argent. Its protedlor is the duke of Wiirtemberg. The hereditary
marfhal of the foundation is Baron Adelmann of Adelmannsfelden ; the hereditary
chamberlain the Baron of Freyberg and Eijjenberg ; the cup-bearer
Baron Rechberg of Hohen-Recbberg ; and the lord-ftevvard Baron Swarzach
oi Horn. In the matricula of the Empire this priory formerly was alfefi^ed at
five horfe and eighteen foot, or one hundred and thirty-two florins ; but,
in the year 1691, fifty-two florins were remitted, infomuch that its prefent
contingency is only eighty florins. To the Imperial chamber it is taxed
in one hundred and ieventy-five ruthl. feventy-eight kruitzers and three
quarters.
§. 4. The Princely colleges here are the regency, the ecclefiaftical council
and the treafury.
§. 5. To this priory belong the following places and manors j ''clz.
1. The court-manor of Elliaangen ; in which is
Ellwangen, a little town, fituate in the Vira, Firen or Feichten-Grimiy
on tlje river Jagft, being the feat of the priory, and containing alfo a college
of Jefuits. Near it, on a hill, ftands
Schonberg,
the Prince's palace.
Oppofite to it, without the town, ftands alfo on a hill a fine pilgrimage-church.
2. The manor of Taxßell.
3. That of A^fi//^r.
4. That of Rothlein.
5. That of 'Tattnetiberg, on the little river Buhler. To this belongs
The feat of Tanne7iberg, lying on a hill.
6. The manor of Wajferalßngen, fituate on the river Kocher., and bordering
on the Imperial city of Aalen.
Wajferalfingen,
a market-town.
In it
7. The manor oi Abts-Gmundt, containing the market-town of the
fame name, fituate on the river Kocher.
8. The manor of Kochenbia-g, alfo called Kochenberg, bordering on the
Imperial town of Aalen, and fo named from a feat belonging to it.
9. The manor of Heuchlingen, fituate on the river Lein, which joins
the Kocher. In it
Lautern, a feat, lying on the river Rems in Old Remfthal, near Heubach,
a manor belonging to the dutchy of Wurtemberg.
rhe

Kempten.] G E R M A N T,
'
171
KEMPTEN,
T/je Princely Abbey of
§. I, r\^ the abbey and Imperial iovfno^ Kempten, a plan, together with
^^ a map of the abbey-lands, may be ieen in the HochJurftHchen
Stifts
Kempten gnindlichen Widerlegung des von der Stadt ejufdem nonwiis vor
demfelben ßcb anmafzenden alteren Herkommens, printed in folio, in the year
1737 ; both of which were defigned in that year by Thanner, and engraved
by Bodenehr of Augsburg. The town of Kempten alfo, to its Grundlichen
Ausfuhrung und Rettung ihres uralten Hirkommens und Reichs Immedietat,
printed in the year 173 i, and to which the above piece was an anfwer, has
annexed a plan of the town and abbey, and likewife a view of the river
Her, with all its old and new bridges drawn from Hurters map, and engraved
in the year 1730 by EfJ'er ; but in the reprefentation of the abbeylands
the latter is defedive. Thefe lie on both fides of the river Her,
which it receives above S. Martinfzell, where it ceafes to be the boundary
of the bifhopric of Augsburg and the county of Konigjeck Rothenfels,
and leaves it below Karndorf in the county of Waldburg. The greateft
part of it confifts of the princely county of Kempten; to which fome other
diftriäs and places have been added, together with a part of yf/^^w, Ilcrgau
and other ancient Gaus or territories.
Hildegard, confort to Charlemagne, repaired
§. 2. About the year 773,
t\\t Benedictine convent, oi Kempten, if flie was not the original foundrefs ihe
fettled on it her fliare of her mother's inheritance; in acknowledgment of
which the abbey took her image for its coat of arms 3 and it is thought that
by this legacy of the Emprefs it acquired that tradl of land which it is at
prefent poflefled of, there being the moft evident proofs that it belonged to
the abbey fo long ago as the ninth or tenth century : for, though in fucceeding
times it acquired many cftates and lordlhips, yet thefe are only to
beunderftood of property and inferior jurifdidion, being before within the
marches of the abbey, and confequently under its fuperior jurifdiftion, the
lordOiip of TeiJ/elberg alone excepted. At what time the title of Prince was
conferred on this Benedictifie abbey is not precifely known ; fome pretend
that Andegarius its firft abbot, was fo created by Charlemagne, whilft others
aflert that this title was firfl: conferred, in 1360, by the Emperor //cwj IV.
on the Abbot Henry of Mittelberg; but Schatcn, in his AnnaL Paderb. /. 8.
fol. 783, produces an inftrument of the Emperor Conrad III. dated in the
year 1 1
50, in which the abbot of Kempten is ranked among the ecclefiaftical
Princes.
Z 2 §.3' The

1^2
GERMANY. [Kempten.
§, 3. The Prince and abbot of Kempten is grand-marfnal to the Empref?,
?.nd at her coronation takes from her the fceptre put into her hands bv
means of the confecrator, and delivers it to her again. In the Imperial
college of Princes he takes place on the feat of the ecclefiaftical Princes
betwixt the bifhop of Fulda and the prior of Ellwangcn ; but in the Diet of
the Circle of Swabia fits and votes day after day with the latter. In the
viatrlcula of the Empire he is afleffed at fix horfe and twenty foot, or one
hundred and fifty-two florins ; and to the chamber at Wetzlar he pays one
hundred and eighty-two dollars, fifty-fix kruitzers. In ecclefiaftical affairs
he is immediately dependent on the Pope. The chapter confifts of
twenty nobles.
§.4. Of the hereditary ofiices of this princely abbey, the Ele

Kempten.] GERMANY.
17^
Wagegg, a very ancient caftle with a lordfhip belonging to it, once the
property of the noble family of £,ßa^£'«i^fr^ J
but, in the year 1581, annexed
to the abbey by Abbot Eberhardßein.
JVcßerreidt, a feat, with a lordfliip annexed to it, purchafed in the fixteenth
century of Ulrich Schiveickhaj-d by Abbot Wolfgang of Grunenßeir..
Gunzburg^ a market-town, deriving its charter from the Emperoi
Rupert, in the year 1407 ; and, together With Leibenthan, conftituting one
lordflfip.
Dictmanfried, a market-town, created fuch by the Emperor Rudolph IL
in the year 1586.
Zum Falken, a feat, which is the refidence of an Intendant.
Rotenfteim, a feat and lordfliip. The feat of Calde and the village of
Jttehburg, together with the lordfliip of Gromnbach and all their eftates,
in Algau, whether feudal or hereditary, were, by the counts of Pappenbeim,
who arrived to the pofleflion of them on the extiniftion of the landgraves
of -S/z^'//«^^«, in 1686, transferred to the abbey in 1692, in ccnfideration
of the fum of 65,000 florins. The town of Gronenbach, or Gruneniach,
is a confiderabie place, with a market and Proteftant church in it, of
which Zurch tn]oys the right ot prefentation . Clofe by the town, on a
hill, is a conventual church of Catholics, as alfo the feat of Gruneiibach.
Teijfelberg, or Deijjelberg, together with Hetzlinßdofen and Erbißojfen,
are two foundations of nobles conftituting one lordlhip ; which, together
with Gronenbach, are now fallen to the abbey. The inhabitants of Erblß:ojen
are Proteftants, and have a pariih-church, the paftor of which is recommended
by Zurch; and the Catholics alfo have a church in the hamlet
of Lachen.
Legau, a market- town, created fuch in the year 1485 by the Emperor
Frederick III.
Hohenthan, a feat with villages and diflridls belonging to it ; as, namely,
Mutmarßofen, Kimbratzhofen, JViggensbach, Frauenzell, 6cc. which were all
purchafed by Abbot John of Reiiheim, in the fifteenth century, of the family
of Haimenhofen.
Kemnath, a feat and lordfliip annexed to the abbey in the fixteenth century,
by Abbot Wdfgang of Gruncnßein, who purchafed it of Zimprecht of
Benznau, This feat is the refidence of an Intendant.
The

jy4.
GERMANY.
[Wurtemberg.
§. I. A
l^he D u T G H Y of
JFU Rl E MBE RG and 1' E CK,
QCOK'Dl'^Gio'DT.Haubers, the firftmap of the dutchy of^z^r-
*^ icmberg was cut in wood in the year 1559, being about the bignefs
of a common fheet of paper, and printed for the widow of Ulrich Morhards.
In the year 1578 it was reprinted by George Gruppenbach, and inferted by
Adam Ortclius in the firfl; edition of his Theatruni orbis terrarum. But in the
fecond edition of this work, inflead of it he added a map of George Gad-
77er, though without his privity. Gadner improved this map, and at laft
publiflied it in the year 1596; which, in the year 1659, underwent another
impreflion ftill more correcft, by Rofzlin -,
yet
from this De Per, in the year
1694, drew a very faulty one, which JValther rendered ftill more incorredl
by his engraving. Gadner % map was hkewife the ground-work of that of
Mercator, which Hond, "Janffonius, WaesbergzT^ABlaeww re-publifhed under
their refpedtive names. Hülfe reduced it to a fmaller fcale, which Matthew
Merian inferted in Zeiller 's, Topographia Suevice. Schickard's new draught
of it is now no longer in being, and Fischer's, Valk's, and Dankert's maps
are incorred. After all, the lateft and beft map of this dutchy is that defigned
hy John Maier, and engraved, in the year 1710, by Homann, on
two leaves; which makes, \n\\\'i Atlas oi Germany, the eighty-third. But
as this alfo is not free from errors, it is to be wiflied that it were again publiflied
with Mr. Haiibers important amendments.
§. 2. This dukedom confifts of a great number of counties and lord/hips,
fome of which were purchafed, fome devolved to it by marriage, and others
were acquired by conqueft. To the north it terminates on the bifliopric of
Spire, the Palatinate, the Kreichgau, the county of Hohenlohe, and the diftridl
of the Imperial town of Hall in Swabia ; eaftward it is bounded by the
county of L/w/z//-^, the diftrifts of the Imperial towns of G/«?W and t//w,
and the lordfliips of Rechberg and Wicfenfteig ; and with refpedt to the lordfliip
of Hcydenhcim by the priory of Ellwongen ; the county of Oettengen and
a fmall traft of the dutchy of Pfalz-Neuburg; fouth-eaft by the Anjirian dominions
; and to the fouth alfo by the dependencies of the fame province,
the territories of Purßenberg, 'Zivifalten. Zoller, Rothweil and other lefler
diftriös, as alfo by the Brijgau ; weftward it confines on the diftrift of Furfhnberg,
Oberkirch and Oppenaii, two manors lying on the diocefe of Strafzbnrg,
and the marquifates of Baade7i-Baaden and Baade7i-Doiir!ach, from
which countries it is feparated by the Schwarzwald, or Black-fcreß. Its extent
from

Wurtemberg.] GERMANY. ly^
from fouth to north, exclufive of the mod: fouthern detached parts in it,
and from eaft to weft, not including the lordlliip of Heydenhcim, which Hes
apart from it, is about fixteen miles.
§.3. It is beyond difpute the moft confiderable and fertile part of the
to be one of the beft and warmeft
circle of Swabia, and may indeed be laid
countries in ail Germany. From its natural difpofuion, the country conlifts
of three tradls, which are all remarkably different. Of thefe the lovveft und
warmeft is the Lhterland, reacliing from Hcilbronn to Stuttgard., tho' in the
eaftern part in which are comprehended the manors of Murhard, Backaiiang
and a part alfo of thofe of Witmendett, Schorndorf and Lorch, the air is not
quite fo mild. The Middle-land lies betwixt the Unterland, the Alb, and the
Black-foreß. This part of the Alb and the Black-jo7-eß which have been taken
nodce of in the introdudlion of Sivabia form the Upper-land, which is much
colder than the former tho' lying more fouthward. It is proper here to fpecify
the particular names of the feveral diftindl tracts belonging to thefe.
the Unterland lies a fmall part of jagß and the Kocher \tbal as alio th.e
Wemsberg-thal (formerly called Subngau) which is fo named from the little
town of Weinberg; the Zabergau, a part of Kraichgau; the lower part of
Enzthals leading from Durrmiinz; the Murthal; the Ratm or Rcmßhal and
the lower part alfo of the Neckarthah beginning from Eßiilingen j all which
derive their feveral names from rivers and produce excellent wines. In
the Middle-land znA eaft of the Neckar Wq^ the Filßhal, fo called from the
Fih; the Linninger Thai, out of which iflues the L^w/dV; the Uracher, or
Ermfthal, from which iflues the Erms; the Pfidlinger Thai, fo named from
the town oi Pjullingen, and where the Echitzhzs its fource; together with
the Steinlacher Thal, which is lb called from the Steinlach. To the weft of
the river Neckar lie the grounds which are fo famous for the plenty and
excellency of their white cabbages, beginning about one hour's diftance
above Stuttgard, near Degerloch, and extending beyond Vayhingen, Mufzberg,
SteiJienhronn, Waltenbuch, Grotzingen, JVolfschlugen, Kongen, Nellingen,
and Ruith, from whence they wind again to the neighbourhood of
Degerloch ; the foreft of Schotibuch, which extends from Waltenbuch to Hildritzhaufen,
and in another part almoft to Tubingen ; the exuberant Gow
or Gau, beginning at Altingen, and reaching to the lower county of Hohenberg,
and bordering clofe on Nagold ; and on the other fide near E)cckenpfrond
on the Black-forefl; together with the middle part of the valley of
Neckar, lying from Tubingen to Ejzlingen. Laftly, in the Upper-land is
that part only of the Alb which is called the Rauhe Alb, the Albuch lying
in the lordlhip of Heydenheim, and being much milder j as alio the Hochfiraßc,
which extends towards Ulm, and conftitutes a part of the manor of
Blanbeurer . Beyond the Alb is the Brauzihal, fituate in the lordlhip of
Heydenheim ; the Blauthal, fo called from the river Blau ; the valley betwixt
the lordHiips of Steujzli?ige7i and Jußingen^ out of which ilfues the
Schmicbi
In

;
1^6
GERMANY, [V/urtemberg.
Schmich; the Laufcrlhal ; the Z-rtwc/vr/z/W and the Baar r\e^v Duiflifjgefi.
In thsii v>:ixi oi the Black-forcjl belonging to this Antchy \\e% th.t Gutacher
'Thai, fo named from theGutacht, which ne^ir Haufach runs into the Kinzig;
the Elenboger znd Sichlfachcr Thai, through which runs the Kinzig
-, the
St. Chrißofhi Thal and Bcyenhronner Thall, through each of which runs a rivulet,
whole ftreams uniting near Beyersbronn form the Murg.
The natural fituation of the country has alfo given rife to a common divifi.on
of it, which, as it occurs more than once in the fequel, it will be
proper here to illuftrate: This divifion is into the land above and under
the Staig, or into the Steig-regio fupra and Inframontana. By the word Steig
the Suabians mean a fteep road ; all the towns and manors of the dutchy to
which the dired road from Stuttgard leads over the Boyjer-Wein and Hafen-
Steige, three mountains near the gates of the city lying above the Steige, and
«11 the reft under it.
§. 4. This dutchy abounds fo in grain that it exports confiderable quantities
thereof; but this grain is chiefly fpelt, rye and wheat being much lefs
cultivated here. Of all the other forts of grain, however, here is alfo a
plentiful fufficiency. The neighbourhood of Böblingen and Herre7iberg exceed
in fertility all the other parts of the dutchy. Flax and hemp are alfo
cultivated here, and the former of thefe thrives bed: in the coldeft parts. The
vallies formed by the fkirts of the Alb, fome of which are three or four
hours in length, are covered as it were with forefts of fruit-trees, of which
alfo there is
no fcarcity in mofl of the other parts of this country, cyder and
perry being the liquors drank there in common by country people when
wine happens to be dear. This dutchy abounds likewife in very rich palatable
and wholfome wines, called by the general name of Neckar wines,
though each has a particular title of its own, which it receives from the
parts where it grows. The grapes alfo which yield the beft wines bear the
appellation of the countries whence the fets were firfl: brought, as the Chia-
'jenna, Valtoline, Tyrolki and Hungarian. The vineyards of the dutchy of
Wurtembcrg have been greatly improved by the very learned Mr. Bilfinger,
who procured (hoots from France, Italy, Greece, Hungary, Cyprus, and even
Schiras in Perfm ; for his vineyard at Cantßadt, where moft of them throve
fo well that they have fince been tranfplanted with the like fuccefs into
many other vineyards. The tradls and vallies of the lower part of this
dutchy noted for the befl wines have been fpecified above, (§. 3.) and in the
iequel I fhall mention the particular places famed for that liquor. The
cultivation of filk was revived here under Duke Charles. The forefts of
this country are confiderably leflened. The confumption of oak, in particular,
has been very large. Beach and birch alfo require to be ufed fparingly.
The woods of fir, which lie in the Black-forejl, have been fpoken
of in the Introdudion to Sivabia. The colder part of the Vnternland,
§. ^. fo nearly refembles the Black-forefl as to be covered with firs and
pines

Wurtembci-g.] G E 11 M A N T.
pines ; turf is alfo dug there, particularly near Schwenmgen, Hindelfingen,
Wildbad and Schopfoch, which makes up for the fcarcity of wood. Great
profits are a!fo made by graziery, particularly in the Black-forefl, but the
largefl: breeds of flieep here are found on the Alb. Moft parts of the country
abound in game. In the valley of St. Chrißopber, near Fnidcnßaät and
near Konigfwart in the valley of Mz/rj, are mines of filver and copper. That
at Kouigi'lcin in the Rchierzau, near the convent of Alpirfpach, yields filver,
and that at Guttach near Hzrnherg copper. Iron alfo is found at KoJiigibronn
and Morgeljletien, and alfo in Liuhcigs Thai ztDutflingcn, as likewife in the
country of Schiltach at Ahlen and Fluorn; but not in fufficient quantities to
fupply the country, infomuch that the iron oi Mompelgardh imported there.
Alpirfpach and the Reinerzau afford cobalt ; and fulphuris likewife met with
in the neighbourhood of Bahlingcn, Hcubach, Boll, and elfewhere; many
parts alfo yield coal. Snlz has fome fallne fprings. Of minerals the 'Terra
ßgillata, which is reckoned preferable to that oi Malta; and a fine clay for
earthen-ware are particularly found near Heydenheifn, as alfo porcelain
in the manor of Hornberg, which is worked at Calw j fine variegated marbles,
fome of which are equal to thofe of Italy, and remarkably tranfparent
alabafter near Enzivcyhbigett ; agate cryftalline pebbles, which cut glafs,
at Bulach; black amber on the Alb, as alfo at Kirchheim, near the Teckherge
and at Boll; together with fine mill-ftones at Uppcr-En/ingen, Sec.
Among the baths at IVurtcmberg the moft celebrated is that of the Wildbad;
the other baths here are thofe of the Zeller Bad, the Hirfchbad at Stiittgard,
the Sulzbad at Canjladter, the Bolkrbad, the Cappe?ierbad at Licbenzell, the
Laiiterbad at Freudenßadt, the Krahebad at Alpirfpach, the Gcycrbad at
Urach, and the Rictenauerbad at Backnang. The moft noted mineral fprings
here are the Goppinger, the Teinacher, the Berger near Cantjladt, the Klein,
or Lcffcr Engftinger, at Bfullingen, and the Gonninger. The rivers which
have their rife in and water this dutchy, have already been fpoken of in the
articles of the Alb and Schivarzivahi in the introdudion to Sicabia. The
principal of thefc is the Neckar, in Latin the Nicer, or Nicrus, which riles
near Sclnven?iingen in the manor of Duttlingcn, dividing the dutchy from
fouth to north, and joining the Rhine below Manheim in the lower Palatinate.
Omitting the other fmaller rivers which it receives within the dutchy,
it is increafed by the Enz as united with the Nagold, and alfo by the Fils
and Retns. Duke Charles Lewis caufed it to be made navigable from Cantßadt.
The Enz likewife admits velTels as far as Vaykingcn.
§. 5. The number of inhabitants in ihis dutchy is known to prccifion,
an exatl enquiry being made every year by the general fuperintendants, and
reported to the annual Synod. In the year 1754 were numbered 477,115
fouls, and they have hitherto been obferved to increafe. In the dutchy are
fixty-eight cities and towns, exclufive of that part of Widdern belonging X.o
the duke, with about 1200 boroughs, market-towns, villages and hamlets.
Vol. V. A a . The
^/7

8 GERMANY.
The States of Wurtemberg,
[Wurtemberg.
fince the nobiHty feparated themfelves, arecompofed
of the prelates, or abbots, and the towns. On the call of a Diet
(which at prefent is only on very important occafions) all the prelates and
a biirgher-mafter from each town meet at Stuttgardt, out of whom are chofen
four prelates and fix burgher-mafters, as reprefentatives of the whole
country. Thefe are divided into the lefl'er and larger committee of Eledlion.
The former confifts of two prelates and fix burgher-maflers, the provincial
confuls, which are ufually two or three, and the provincial receivers. The
latter alfo confifts of two prelates and fix burgher-mafters, with two
provincial commifläries, three provincial recorders, and a like number of
chancery-counfellors,
attended by three provincial beadles.
as alfo of two provincial clerks of the excife, who are
This feledt body meets twice or thrice
every year, each lefiion lafting four, fix, or eight weeks, according to the
weight and multiplicity of bufinefs. The country choofe their afi"eflbrs at
pleafure either from among the prelates or burgher-mafters of the towns.
§. 6. The eftablilhed religion of this country is Lutheranifm, and though
Duke Charles Alexander has embraced the Roman, yet in the years 1729,
1732 and 1733, he gave afliirances to the States in formal inftruments,
that no change or innovation fiiould be made in the Lutheran religion in
any part of the whole dutchy, and that in all the churches and fchools
throughout the dutchy, and the countries thereunto belonging, no other religion
than that of Lutheranifm fhould be taught ; that no new Catholic
churches, chapels, altars or images, fliould be eredfed or let up, nor any
fuch as were decayed or forfaken again ufed ; that no procefiions, pilgrimages,
nor catholic burying-places fliouId be tolerated ; that the hofi: (hould
never be carried openly, the Simultaneum Catholicum be no where introduced,
nor any part of the catholic worfliip be performed except only that in the
duke's chapel, the catholic inhabitants of the town oi Ludwigskirg fliould
have the privilege of performing their fervice in private ; that all and every
employment fhall be filled with Lutherans alone ; that the privy-council
fhall confift only of Lutherans ; and that in the fame manner as in the
Ele(ftorate of Saxony, they alone fliall have the management of the church
concerns, revenue, and affairs relating to the police, whether refpeding the
ducal lands only or the whole body of Proteftants in general, both within
and without the Roman Empire, in the Imperial or circular Diet, or any
other afiiembly. Further, in the year 1734, the faid duke, in confirmation
of the premiffes, did at the Imperial Diet deliver to the Proteftant body Reverfales
under his fign manual, which were in due form accepted by them.
Duke Charles Eugene alfo in the year 1750^ ifllied a declaration againfl; catholic
procefiions either at Ludwigsburg or in any part of the dutchy, enjoining
that religious matters fliould remain unalterable purfuant to the
treaty of IVejlphalia, the Reverjalia of the Princes, and the national compa

Wurtemberg.] GERMAN Y.
of worlliip at Stutlgardt is a private houfe.
In this dutchy are allb fome Waldeiifes,
who are either hulbandmen or farmers, and live in the Italian villages,
as the}^ are called, fome few towns alone excepted, where they have
eftabliflied manufadures of hats and ftockings, and are allowed the public
exercife of their religion.
The toleration of the Jews here was aboliflied by
an edi

;
i8o
GERMANY. [Wurtemberg.
4. Subjed to the general fuperintendant and abbot of Denkendo)-f are
eight fpecial fuperintendants, of whom the fpecial fuperintendant at Goppengen
prefides over twenty-four paridies, the fpecial fuperintendant at Kircbheim
over nineteen, the fuperintendant at Nürtingen over ten, at Nei/ffen over
eight, at Heydenheim over twenty-four, at Urach over tv^enty-five, at Pfidlingefiovex
eleven, and at Bhidnurenovtx twenty-one. The abbey of JDenk(ndorJ\
which gives name to the generalfhip, lies without its limits.
The fynod here, which is held annually in the months of September and
October, is compofed of the conliflory and four general fuperintendants. All
parilhes are filled up by the confiftory, which alio, on a vacancy in the
deanries, abbies, deaconries, ^c. in the three chief towns, as alfo in the
profeflbrfhips in the univerfity and convents, always propofes three perfons,
out of whom the privy-council choofes the candidate who is beft recommended.
The meaneft revenue of a pariOi is four hundred florins.
The revenues of the ancient monafteries have been moftly applied tothe
fervice of churches and fchools, and the perfons officiadng in them,
under the direcftion of the ecclefiaftical council. The fourteen abbots and
priors of Adelberg, yllpirjpach. Anhäufen, Bebenhaitfen, Blanbeuren, Denkendorf,
Herbrechtiiigen,^ Herrenhh, Hirfau, Konigsbronn, Lorch, Mmdbronn,
Murhard and 5. George, not only form, in the manner abovemendoned,
the firft clafs of the ftates of the country, but out of them alfo are
chofen the four committees (§. 5.) and the three ecclefiaftical counfellors of
the confiftory, four of whom, as above fpecified, are perpetual general
fuperintendants and members of the fynod ; four are inverted with the
government of feminarial convents ; as, namely, thofe of Bebenhaufen,
Maidbrmn, Defikeiidorf znA Blaubeiiren ; and thefe lafl: four, together with
the abbots oi Anhaujen, Herbrechtingen, Konigsbrcnn ^nd Murhard, who are
alfo priefts of thofe places,
are obliged to refidence.
§.7. For the inftruclion of youth, particularly in divinity, this dutchy has
feveral excellent foundations, which are not to be met with in other countries
under the direflion of a preceptor and
the common gram mar-fchools here,
one, two or three afliftants, who are termed coUaboratores, or provifires,
amount to above fifty ; and every year thefe fchools are vifited and examined
not only by the magiftracy and clergy of each place, but alfo by a profeffor of
phi'ofophy at 'Tubingen and by the redtor of the gyrnnafiurn at Stuttgardt. By
the former are examined the fchools in the country on the Steig, and by the
latter thofe in the country undertheS/t'/^ (§-3 •) O^^ of thefe fchools they feledt
fuch fcholars as give indication of making good divines, and thefe at \}t\z gyrnnafiurn
of Sutgard fmthxr undergo three other examinations in three fuccefiive
years; after which twenty, formerly twenty-five, are removed from thence, as
thePrince's alumni and ftipendiaries, to the four convents in the countryappropriated
to. academies, which may be looked upon as the higheft clalfes of a
gyinnafium-y and firft to the two lower ones of Blaubeuren ^rxd^Dcnkendorf, next
to'

Wiirtemberg.] GERMANY. iSi
to the two upper ones, as namely thofe of Bebenhaufen and Maulbronn, and
then from thence to the univerfity at Tubingen on the theological exhibitions,
which is done in the following order ; iv's. one year on the admittance of
new alumni from thc^grammar-fchools into the convent of Bhnibeiiren, the
fcholars of that convent are removed to Bebenhuufcn, whence another
fet of ftudents are promoted to the Prince's ßipendiwn for divines ztTubitio-en.
The fucceeding year the promifing fcholars in the country fchools are fent to
the convent of Z)^;7/^ra^i>r/j whence, for further improvement, they are removed
to Alaiilbronn, and after their term, which is ufually two years in
each convent, they are promoted to the Prince's itipend. In thefe four convents
the alumni are provided with lodging, food, apparel and inftrudlion ;
but at their admittance, in conjundion with their parents and guardians, bind
themfelves, in cafe of elopement from the convent, apoftacy from the Z,/^tberan
religion, or other fcandalous crimes, to pay at the rate of fifty florins
a year for the time of their board ; as alfo to devote themfelves to divinity
; and not to folicit, or accept, of any office out of the country without
the Prince's exprefs leave ; but, on the contrary, willingly to take upon
themfelves any fcholallic or ecclefiaftical fundlion, either within or without
the country to which the States Ihall appoint them. The Prince's theological
ftipend, at Tubingen, is a feminary containing about three hundred
ftudents, and fometimes more, who, after ftudying philofophy two years,
are capable of being created mafters of arts, and having ftudied divinity the
two fucceeding ones, whether they have taken the degree or not, if they pafs
the very ftridt examination in the confiftory, have a licence given them under
the title of Examined mafters to preach, baptize and adminifter the facrament.
The moft eminent among them are alfo appointed repetentes in the
ftipend. Till they are provided with a benefice they continue in the feminary,
where, befides their food, every quarter of a year they receive one
florin, thirty kruitzers and two quires of paper ; but the magiftri repetentes
have a more liberal allowance. The fuperintendants of this ftipend are the
chancellor of the univerfity, two profefTors of divinity, both of whom muft
live in the convent and the magißer dotnüs. From thefe foundations this
dutchy derives a conftant fupply of fuch able and exeoiplary divines as, in
proportion to its .extent, are fcarce to be equalled in any Proteftant country
whatever. Stuttgardt has alfo ^ gymnafium illußre, and at Tubingen, exclufive
of its collegium illujlre, is a celebrated univerfity.
§.8. This country is likewife not without feveral confiderable manufactures
; as, namely, that of potter's-ware at Heydenheim and the porcelain
manufactory at Calw ; but this does not flourifh fo much as might have
been expefted from the many advantageous privileges granted for its encouragement.
At Spiegelberg, not far from Marpach and Backnang, is a
glafs-houfe, the mirrors of which, and its other works, are very juftly admired.
Ludgivigsburg makes gold and marbled paper, as alfo damalk and
other

;
1 82 G E R M A N r. [Wurtemberg.
other linen ; and at Urach and Blauhcureri are good linen manuflidlures ; as
Cahü, Göppingen and 'Tubingen are lilcevvife noted for their woollen -fluffs. At
Cantßadt are cotton-printers ; in other places good hats and flockings are
made. At Berg too, and at Sttittgardt, are manufaöures of filk. The
exports of thefe commodities and of the natural produdts of the country,
are not inconfiderable. At Caliv and Urach are trading companies
thofe belonging to the former of which are of the longefl flanding and of
greatefi: importance. The introducement of what foreign commodities the
country wants is principally by the way of Frankfort on the Mayn.
§.9. The caftie of Wurtemberg, which has given name to the whole
dutchy, lies in the manor oiCantJladt. The origin of the princely houfe is
fomewhat obfcure and uncertain. Thofe who deduce it from the Kings of
the Franks fav, that Kins; Clovis conferred on a favourite of his of the name
of Emerich the callles of Wurtemberg and Beutelfpach, together with the
adjacent country, under the title of a Dynaßy., or barony. Conrad, Dynafl
oi Wurtemberg, refigning his inheritance to the Emperor Hejiry IV. as a fief,
was by him created count thereof. It is certain, however, that there were
counts oi Jl'urtembcrg at the beginning of the twelfth century. The Wurte?nberg
inheritance had frequently been divided, but the laft divifion of it
was in the vear 1442, betwixt the counts Lewis and Ulrich. In the year
1473, the feveral counts of Wurtemberg then living entered into a compadl
for ertablifliing the right of primogeniturefhip, and indivifibility of the
Wurtemberg territories. This compaä: was ratified, in the year 1482, by
the convention at Muiifmg, as the fundamental law of Wurteinberg ; and, in
the year 1484, received the fanilion of the Emperor Frederick III. In
the years 1485, i486 and 1489, it was confirmed by new compacts, and
particularly, in the year 1490, by the ratification of the flates of the country
and the 5w^/;/^« confederacy. In 1495, the Emperor M^av/w/Z/Vw conferred
on his fucceflbr. Count Eberhard I. the title of duke ; and again ratified
the indivifibility of the country and the right of primogeniturefhip in it.
This firfl: duke, Ebe?-hard, had for his fuccefi^br his father's brother's fon
Eberhard II. whofe brother, Count Henry, obtained Mompelgard, with its
appurtenances ; and from Frederick, his grandfon, who was alfo reigning
duke of Wurtemberg, the prefent ducal family is defcended. His fon, 'Julius
Frederick, in right of his confort Elizabeth, inherited the dutchy of Oels
in Silefia ; and thus founded the collateral-line of Wurtemburg-Oels, which
is flill exiting.
The firft duke ofTeck, known with any certainty, lived towards the end
of the twelfth century ; and Duke yllbert, a fon of Conrad's, was duke of
Zubringen. Thefe dukes of Teck polTefled the caflle of Tcck, which now
lies in ruins, together with the town oi Kirchheim ; but a part of the latter
belonged alfo to the dukes oi Aullria, who, in the year 1325, transferred
• it to Count Ulrich of Wurtemberg ; on which Frederick, duke of Teck, in
1381,

Wurtemberg.] GERMANY. 183
1 38 1, difpofedof his Hiare in this town, together with the caftle of T^f^, to
Count Eberhard of IViirtcmberg.
By the convention of Prague, in the year 1599, the reverfion o? the
dutchy of Wurtemberg was ceded to the houfe of Anflria, who, by virtue of
this ceffion, affumed its title and arms ; but the ducal houfe oi Wurtemberg
maintains that this reverfion became void in the year 1740, by the deceafe
of the Emperor Charles VI.
§. 10. The duke's title is, Duke c/ Wurtemberg ß7/^Teck, Count of Mompelgard.
Lord of Heydenheim and Juftingen. The arms for Wurtemberg
are three flag's horns, diamond, in a field topaz. For T^eck topaz and
diamond lozenges ; for Mompelgard two barbels endorfed with tails
averted, topaz, in a field, ruby; for Ueydenkeim, a Saracen % head with a
kind oi Hujfars cap ruby in a field topaz; for Juftingen faphire a ftafF in
bend with branches on both fides; and, laftly, thelmperialftandard, borne by
the ducal-houfe of Wurtemberg as hereditary ftandard-bearer of the Empire.
§. II. This ftandard of the holy Roman Empire was conferred on the
counts of Wurtemberg in the year 1336. The dukes are alfo grand huntfmeu
of the Empire ; and in allufion to this honor, Duke Ebe7-hard Lewis, in the
year 1702, founded the order of hunting; and, in the year 1719, renewed
and increafed its ftatutes, the reigning: duke of Wurtember q- beine
ahvays grand-mafter thereof. The enfign of the order is a gold crofs in
fliape of that of Malta, enamelled with red ; and at each of the four corners
a golden eagle with a hunting-horn betwixt the middle and lower point of
each part. In the centre is a fmall fhield, on one fide of which is a \V in
relievo with a ducal hat over it; and in the other three golden huntinghorns.
This crofs is worn appendant to a broad watered fcarlet ribbon
pafling from the left fhoulder quite down to the right fide. On the left
bread of the coat is a filver ftar embroidered with the enfign of the order in
the middle, and in a green circle round it the motto of the order Amicitia
•vtrtutifquefcedus. The grand fefiiival is on St. Hubert^ day, which is alio
celebrated with a great hunting-match, at the place where the grand-mafter
at that time happens to be.
§. 12. The hereditary ports of this country were revived on its being
raifed to a dukedom. So early as the year 151 1, at the celebration of the
nuptials of Duke Ulrich, the following great officers afilfted at the folemnity
: -u/z. baron of 72i?/Wi^(f;; as hereditary marfiial, hzvon oi Nippenburg zs
hereditary cup-bearer, the hzxonoi Gutling as hereditary chamberlain, and
the baron of Speten as hereditary fteward. But at that time they had no
fiefs (beneßcia) but thefe were afterwards conferred on them in lieu of the
penfion, excepting that the Speten family are ftill without any, their enfeoffment
not being defcended with the poft of hereditary fteward. The
barons of Wallbrunn are at prefent hereditary cup-bcarcrs ; but by whom
the other hereditary offices are enjoyed I know not.
§ 13- The

,84 GERMANY. [Wurtemberg.
§.13. The duke oOFurfemierg fits and votes In the college of Princes by
virtue of the dutchy of JFurtemberg, and has demanded the fame privilege
by virtue of the dutchy of Teck. But though this affair was recommended
to the Diet by the Emperor Leopold, in the year 1699, and in 1708 by the
Emperor Jofepb, nothing has yet been done in it. The duke of Wurtemberg
is one of the alternative Princes, as they are called from an agreement
made, in the year 1576, for fettling the alternation of their ranks. In the
Introduäiion to the Circle of Snvabia, he is fhewn to be the fummoning
Prince and diredor of this Circle. The afTcflment in the matricida of the
Empire for the dutchy of Wurtemberg, the Principality and county of Mompelgnrä
and the county of Lo-we?7jicifi, not long fince was fixty horfe and
two hundred and fevcnty-feven foot, or 1828 florins j but I cannot pofitively
affirm whether this be the prefent eflablilliment.
The afleiTment of
the Imperial lordlliip of yiißingen is five footmen, or twenty florins; to the
Kcwimerziele, or Imperial chamber at Wetzlar, the dutchy pays nine hundred
and fifty-three rixdollars, fifty-three kruitzers and a half ; and the Icrdfliip
of jiißingen fifteen rixdollars, eleven kruitzers and a half.
§. 14. At Stuttgardt, which is the refidence of the duke, are the privychancery,
in which the duke himfelf prefides ; the privy, or minifterialcouncil,
confifl:ing of nobles, men of letters and other officers ; the college
of government, which, befides other officers, has alfo a prefident, together
with nobles and men of letters among its members ; the confiftory, with a
prefident, diredor and counfellors ; the board of war, with a prefident and
other members ; the treafury, which confifts of a prefident, a receiver, a
foUicitor and other officers ; the ecclefiaftical college, with a direaor adminiftrators
of the church-revenues and other members and officers, and
feveral other boards and offices; as, namely, thofe of the mint, trade,
forefts, demefnes, mines, (Sc.
The high court of juftice, where caufes are terminated, in dernier rejort,
no appeal being allowed to the Aulic or any other foreign tribunal, was, in
the year 15 14, removed for ever to 'Tubingen, where it holds its feffions
once a year; and confifl:s of a chief-juftice, afi^eflbrs who are compofed of
nobles, men of fi:udy and country gentlemen, as alfo of a fecretary.
§. 15. Mr. Keyfzkr, in his travels, computes the whole revenue of this
country at two millions of guilders /»rr annum. The country itfelf levies the
contributions and excife.
§. 16. The military force here confifts of a body of horfe-guards, horfegrenadiers,
dragoons, foot-guards, five regiments of foot and a body of
artillery.
§. 17. The more particular defcription of this dutchy is beft reduced under
the four following divifions ; 'uiz.
I. The princely temporal baifiwicks and cities, which I fliall mention in
the order in which they defcended to the ducal houfe, though the time of
the

Wurtemberg.] GERMANY, i8
the acquifition of the fix firft, as having been longeft in their poiTeflion, is
unknown.
I . The city and difl:ri(ft of Stuttdgarf.
Stuttgart, or Stuttgardt, the capital of the dutchy and refidence of the
duke, Hes in a delightful country on the Nifenkach, which at about one
Gerfnafi league's diftance from it runs into the Nechar. The city of itfelf
is not large, but contains two well built fuburbs, which are called the Reiche
and Bjjzhnger. The counts and dukes of Wurtemberg have had their refidence
here ever fince the year 1321. Eberhard Lewis indeed removed to Ludwigsburg
in the year 1727, but in 1733 Duke Charles Alexander removed
hither again. The new ducal palace here was began in the year 1746.
The building of the old one employed them from the vear 1^53 to 1 570.
Near it ftands the chancery, which is a handfome ftone ftrufture ; and on
the other fide of the palace, towards the eafi:, are the wt'w^'^rr/Vand fummerhoufe,
the latter of which is admired for its curious architedure. It was
built in the year 1584, confifts wholly of fi:one and contains two ftories, in
each of which is a falon. The uppermoft of thefe is two hundred and one
feet in length, feventy-one in breadth and fifty-one high, being arched and
having pillars on the outfide. This falon is fitted up for a theatre. To the
fouth of the old palace (lands the new building, as it is called, which was
erefted betwixt the years 1599 and 1609. In the lower part of it are
the duke's ftables, and in the middle a large room for folemnities, and over
that an armory. The cabinet of curiofities here is at prelent in the Prince's
buildings, as it is called. The duke's ofiices in this city have been mentioned
above, §.14. In the dutchy-houfe both the committees of the country
and the circular Diets afiTemble. The fee of its bifliop, which was anciently
at Beutelfpach, was removed to this place in the year 1321, on
which account the church of the Holy-Crofs is fiiled the cathedral.
Exclufive of this, among the German-Lutheran churches, are thofe of
the hofpital church and St. Leonard. The French-Lutheran congregation
here have the exercife of their public worfhip in the palace church belonging
to the convent of Bebenhanfen, and the French reformed meet in
a room of the old palace. In this town is alfo a fpecial fuperintendency,
and a gytnnaJJum illußre of feven clafl'cs, the reiftor of which alio is Padagogarcha
or Governor of the fchools in the country under the Steige.
The filk manufaftories of Stuttgardt make all forts of lluffs, ftockings,
and ribbands. The origin of this town is uncertain; in the year 1283
it was befieged without fuccefs by Rudolph I. but in 1287, he reduced
Count Eberhard to fuch fiireights that he was compelled to promile the
demolition of the walls of the city. In the year 1520 and 1567, the
whole city was again furrounded with walls; in 1546 and 1547 it fuffered
greatly by the Spaniards-, in 1634, and the following yccirs, by
the Imperialifis ; and in 1688, 1693, and 1707, by xhc Fretich.
Vol. V. B b To

1 86 GERMANY. [Wurtemberg.
To it belong the hamlets of Hefzlach and GableJiberg, the inhabitants
of which are burghers oi Stuttgardt, and their proceffes are tried in its courts.
The diftrid: of Stuttgardt under the Steige produces great quantities of
wine, and on the horfe courfe, betwixt Stuttgardt and Cantßadt, is a medicinal
bath called Hirfchbad. To this diftrid belong twenty pariflies, viz.
Wahenbiich, a little town, containing a callle, in which the duke ufually
refides when he hunts at Schonbuch. This place, together with fome other
villages and hamlets, was, in the year 1363, fold by duke Reimld of Urßlngen
to count Eberhard of Wurtemberg.
Bernhaufen, Bohilanden, Bothnang, Deger/ocb, where the Krautreich
ßlder or white college fields begin, Echterdingen, Feuerbach , Gaifzburg, Heutnaden,
Kemnath, Mujhcrg, Nellingen, formerly containing a priory j Upper-
EJzlingcn,
Plattejihard and Plieningen.
Plochingen, Ruith, Schcrnhaufen, Siclmengen and Steinenbronn.
2. The town and diftriä: of Cantßadt.
Cantßadt, or Cantflatt, a fmall town, lying on the eaft fide of the
'Neckar, and containing a fuburb on the other fide of it, by reafon of its
fituation is accounted a pafs. In it is a fpecial-fuperintendency, and a
cotton printing-houfe ; and both within and near the town are three fait
fprings of approved virtue in feveral diforders. Near the town the counts
of Wurtemberg anciently held their tribunals in the open air, and nigh it
alfo flood the caftles of Brys, Altenburg, and Berg. In the neighbourhood
lies the little village of Berg, in which is a filk manufadory, and
near it an excellent mineral fpring. On a hill lying about 1000 paces to
the eafl: of the town 1
700 bones of great and fmall animals have been
dug up, and the walls of an ancient Roman building difcovered.
The diftrid oi Cant(ladt contains thirteen pariflies; namely,
Fellbach, Hedelfingen, Höfen, a Roman-cz.i\\oY\c pariHi, Munfier, Upper-
Turkbeim, Rohracker, Rommel/haufen, Schmiden, JJlbach, Under-Turkheim^
JVangen, Weil in Dorf, and Zufenhaufen. Betwixt the parochial villages of
Fellbach and Under-Turkbeim, near the hamlet of Rotheberg, is the family
feat of
Wurtemberg, which was the reudence of the counts of Wurtemberg till
the year 1320, and flands on an eminence. This feat has been frequently
laid
in ruins.
Obf. Fellbach, Ulbach, and Under-Turkeim, are noted for their wine.
3. The town and diflridt of Waiblingen.
Waiblingen, a little town lying on the Rems, has belonged to the counts
oi Wurtemberg ever fince the year 1253. During the thirty years war the
greateft part of this place was deflroyed. In it is a fpecial-fuperintendency.
The bailiwick of Waiblingen produces, in mofl places, good wine and
corn : to it belong eight parifhes, namely, Beinftein, Bittenfeld, Hegnach,
Hohnacker, Korb, Neckar-Groningen, Neckar-Rems, and Neufiadtlein ; and
alfo in old records New-Waiblingen, which is walled.
4. The

Wurtemberg.] GERMANY, 187
4. The town and diftrid: of Schorndorf.
Schorndorfs a fmall but fortified town, fituate on the Rems, is faid to have
had the privilege of a town conferred on it in the year 1230 by the Emperor
Frederick II.
In the years 1538 and 1560 it was ftrengthened with additional
fortifications, in 1634 befieged and taken by the Imperialifts, and in 1646
by the French. In the year 1743 almoft one half of it was deflroyed by
fire. In this place is a fpecial-fuperintendency.
The bailiwick of SchomdorJ, contains eighteen pariflies, inz.
Beutelfpach, a borough, faid to have formerly enjoyed municipal privileges.
The old town, which flood on the Cappelherg, in its neighbourhood,
was the refidence of the ancient counts of V/urtemberg. The cathedral
flood formerly in this town, but in the year 1321 was removed
to Stuttgardt. In its church is the burial-place of the ancient counts of
Tf^urfemberg.
Aichelberg, a parochial village, belonging to the barons of Holz ;
Aichfchiejz, Aurbach, Baltmanliaeiler, Eiiderfpach, Gerad/letien, Great-Heppach,
Grunbach, Hegenlohe, Haiiberforonn, Hohengehren, Pluderhaujen, Ruderjhergs
Schnaith, Schornbach, Striimpfelbach, Winterbach : Of thefe Great-
Heppach is famed for wine.
5. The town and diftridl of Leonberg, containing
Leonbergy a little town lying not far from the rivulet of Glems. In it
is a ducal palace. This town is alfo the feat of a fpecial-fuperintendency.
In the year 1498 it fufl-'ered by fire. After the battle of Nordlingen, in
1635, when the Imperialifts had made themfelves mailers of all Wur~
tembergs the Emperor granted this town to General Gallas ; but by the
peace of Weftphalia it was reftored to the duke.
Of the diftridt oi Leonberg, which lies in the Old Glemfgau, the greateft
part belonged to the earldom of Afperg, and was purchafed with it. It
comprifes feventeen pariflies,
iiiz.
Heimjheim, or Heimjen, a very old little town, which the counts of JVurtemberg,
in the years 1443, 1456, and 1497, purchafed of the noble families
oi Neuneck, Stein, Gultlingen, Stadion, s.nd Stnalnftein; and of which
at laft, namely in the year 1687, the ducal houfe of Wurtemberg alfo exchanged
with the Marggrave Frederick the Great the fhare which the family
ol Gc7nmingen had held for fome centuries as a mortgage from the Marggrave
oi Baaden. In the year 1742 this town was granted as a fief to Count
William Frederick of Gravenitz, and on his renunciation was granted by
Duke Charles Alexander to his confort Maria Angiijta for her life. In the
thirty years war it was deftroyed by fire, and in 1692 and 1693 plundered
by the French. To it belongs
Peroufe, a parochial village of the induflrious Waldenßs.
The parochial villages of Ditzingen or l'itzingen^ Eltingen, Geberß:eim,
Gerungen, Heimerdingen, Hemmi?Jgen, Hirjchlanden, Hofingen, Malmjhcin,
B b 2 Mofijheim^

i88
GERMANY, [Wurtemberg,
Monßmm, Munklingen, Refiningen, Rutmarßeim or Rutheßeim, Schockinge?},
and Wannbronn.
6. The town and diftrict of Göppingen, containing
Göppingen, a town, fituate in a delightful plain on the river Fih, with
a ducal feat in it, and a fpecial-fuperintendency. Before the reformation,
this town contained a cathedral, and at prefcnt has a manufactory of filkftuffs.
Probably the town belonged anciently to the Barons of Stauffen,
and was taken from them either by Count Ulrich or Rberhard of Wurtemherg.
In the year 1425 it was demolifhed by fire. In 1 5 19 the
Swabian confederacy made ihemfelves maflers of it ; and in 1643 the Ba-
•varian General yohn Von IVerth. Not far from the town lies the excellent
mineral fpring of Schwalbrunn.
The diftridt of Göppingen comprehends feventeen pariflies, namely,
Alberßjaufen, Betzgenrictb, Boll, near which is a mineral fpring ; Eberfpacb,
Faurndau or Faiirdnau, which, before the Reformation, contained a
cathedral ; Ganjzlofen, Gruibingcn, whence the above-mentioned town of
Grmbingau took its name ; Hattenhofen, and Hochdorf.
Hoben- St auff'en, a parochial village, in which was the family feat of the
houfe oi Hohen- Stauffen belonging to the dutchyof Sivabia and the Empire,
and at firft named Stophe, or Stoyphe. In the year 1525 this palace was
deflroyed by the peafants.
Heiningen, a parochial village, on which the Emperor Frederick III.
conferred the privileges of a town, but with httle benefit to it.
Holzheim, Reichenbach, Schlath, Schlierbach, Uhingen or Uwingen, and
Wangen.
Hohenftatt, a village, belonging partly to this amt or bailiwick, and lying
beyond Wicjenjteig on the Alb, the higheft part of which is faid to be
hereabouts.
7. The town and diftrid: oi Urach, containing
Urach,, a little town, fituate on the Alb, in a valley near the river Erms,
in which is a ducal feat, and a fpecial fuperintendency. In this place alfo
was formerly an abbey and a chartreux. Conliderable quantities of damafk
and other linens made here are exported by the Urach company. This
town is the capital of the ancient earldom of the fame name. One of
the oldefl: counts of Urach whom we know with any degree of certainty
is Gerhard, who died bifhop of Spire in the year mo. Count Henry of
Furftenbsrg inherited the caftle and earldom of Urach by his mother,
and in 1254, exchanged one half of it, together with the caflle, with
the count of Wurtemberg for one half of Wittlingen. In the year 1260
Count Berthold of Urach (in whom and his brother Rudolph this family
became extinct) left the other half of this earldom to this count Ulrich,
in the poffeffion of which he was confirmed by King Richard, and the
remaining part was purchafed by this Count, in the year 1265, of Count
Henrys

Wurtemberg.] GERMANY. i8g
Henry of Furßetiberg for three hundred and ten marks of filver. In
1473 all the counts of Wurtemberg, and in i486 the two Counts 'Eberhard
entered alfo into a convention here relative to the government of
the country. In the year 1634 the Imperialifts made themfclves mafters
of this town. Near it on the other fide lies the Erms.
Hohen-Vrach, a ftrong caflle ftanding on a mountain, and formerly pretty
•well fortified. In the year 1635 this caflle was obliged to furreadcr to the
Imperiaiifts after a
long fiege.
In the neighbourhood of the town of Urach are fome fine mills for lead, ,
iron, and paper.
In the diftrid of Vrach are feveral curiofities. Near the town of Urach
i's a beautiful white earth, which is faid to furpafs the terra figillata oi
Malta. At St. John's, Gutcrßcin, and Offcnhaujen, which were formerly
convent?, are fine ftuds of horfes. In a high and fiieep mountain, not far
from the town of Urach, is the famous Holzrutfche or wood-ßidc, whichconfifts
of one thick iron pipe, about three feet broad,, being on both fides
upwards of two feet high and about nine hundred long. This pipe begins
at the top of the mountain and reaches almoft down the valiey near
the town of Urach and the river Erms. Into its upper opening is put the
wood felled on the Alb and afterwards cut into billets, which being thus
carried down the pipe with prodigious celerity, is thrown into the Erms,.
which forwards it into the Neckar near Ten^lingen, and after this runs beyond
Nurttingen and Efzlingen to Berg near Stuttgardt, where it is at lafi:
flopped and piled up in the duke's wood-yards. In this manner every
year, about Eaßer, are brought from the Alb to Stuttgardt upwards of
9000 cords of wood, befides what ferves for the duke's court. Its produce is
applied to the payment of the ecclefiaftical and civil officers. To the diftrid
belong thirty parifhes, namely Bempßi?igen, Bernloch, Blietzhaufen,
Bohringen, Dettingen Under-Urach, which carries on a confiderable trade in
dried fruit ; Dofin/letten, Ehningen near Reutlingen, Erpßtigen, Fcldßctten.,.
Gechingen, Gomendingen, Gruorn, Haufen on the Lauchert, Hengen, Kohlßetten,
Magerkongen, Laichingen, on which the Emperor Charles IV. in
the year 1364, conferred the privileges of a town ; Metzingen under Urachy
Mittdßatt, Neuhaufen under Urach, Ohnaßetten, Seeburg, anciently a
fortified place ; Sondelßngen, Sontheim on the Alb, Steingebronn, Upßngen^
Wilhnandingen, Wittlingen, which anciently enjoyed the privileges of a town.;.
Wurtingen, and Zaimngen.
8. The town and diftridl oi Munßngen. In it
Munßngen, a fmall town, in which a convention was made in the year
1482 betwixt the Counts Eberhard \he elder and younger, relative to the
right of primogeniturefhip and the indivifibility of the Wurtemberg lands. It !S
not known with any degree of certainty whether this town anciendy belonged
to the borough of Wittlingen or the earldom of Urach. Li the year
1 1347

jcjo GERMAN
r. [Wurtemberg.
1347 the family of Speten fold their eftate to the counts of Wurtemberg.
The diftridt of Afz/;y//;|;'^« ir.cludes ten parifhes, namely, Auifigeti, Botfingeti,
Buftenhaufen, a free lordfliip belonging to Gemmingen ; Dapfen,
under which among others is the chapel of Eglingen, as alfo the palace of
Gra'veneck lying near it ; E}iabeu7-en partly fubjedl to Furßenberg ; Hiinderfmgen,
Magoljiein^ in which is a Lutheran and Roman Catholic prieft
Mihrßetten, Mundingen, Oeden-WaUßetten, and Marpach, noted for its
flud of horfes.
9. The town and diArldl oi Nurtitigen, containing
Nürtingen, anciently called alfo Nuwertingen, a little
town fituate on the
Neckar, and the feat of a fpecial-fuperintendency. This place is fo ancient
as the year 1080, at which time it belonged to the counts o^ Acbalm. After
that it fell to the counts of Urach, and the barons of Neiiffen. As, according
to the account given under Urach, after the death of count Bertbold oi
Urachy a part of the earldom of that name was confirmed as a fief by the
Emperor Richard to the Counts of Wia-temberg, a part of the town oi Nürtingen
was a!f ) made dependent on it. The duke of Teck and the convent
of Hahnaifiveil had alfo a part of it, the fcrmer of whom in the year 1299,
ceded his by treaty to IVurtemberg, and the latter alfo his in the year 1645.
The hofpital here founded in 1480, is at prefent the richeft; foundation in
the whole dutchy. In the years 1473 ^"^ '^7
S'^ ^^'^ town fuffered confiderably
by fire ; and in 1634 was roughly handled by the Imperialifls.
The diftridl oi Nürtingen confifls often pariflies, viz.
Grctzingen, a little town, which formerly had lords of its own to whoni
it gave name J and from thefe it devolved to the family of Bernhaufen. In
the year 1333, this place was purchafed by the counts of üj/^^'w^^fr^, and
in i'?37, defcended in the fame manner to the counts of Wurtemberg.
Ech or y4ich, Neckarhaufen, Neckar-Tailfingen, Neckar-Tenzlingen, Ncuhaujen.
Upper-Bnyhingen, the laft of which formerly gave name to a lordfhip,
Uppcr-Enfmgen, well known for its fine millflones, Under-Enfmgeii
and Wolf Ischlugen.
JO. The town and 6\^y\&. of Bacl:na?ig. In it
Backnang, a town fituate in a delightful valley on the Murr, and containing
a rich cathedral founded in the year 1116. In the year 1626
;
the Jefuits poffefled themfelves of this place, but in 1648 again evacuated it.
In it alfo is a fpecial fuperintendency i and the town together with the
ca.({\e of Reichenberg, about the year 1297, defcended from the Marggrave
of Baaden to the counts of Wurteinberg, partly by inheritance and partly in
lieu of payment, and partly alfo as a marriage-portion. In the years 1635
and 1693 it was wholly confumed by fire.
The diftridt of Backnang contains the parifhes of Upper-Bruden and Under-Wei/zbach,
together with the old cafile of Reicbaibeig,
a ranger of a foreft and alfo the caflle of Eberjperg.
in which refides
Obf.

Wurtemberg.] GERMANY, i^i
Obf. The glafs-houfes at Spiegelberg, which export very curious works
that way of all kinds are included in no particular diftridt, but have a juridical
officer of their own, who is alfo inlpeclor of the glafs-works. Thefe
alone conftitute a parilh.
ir. The town and difb-icl; oi Marpach. In it is
Matpacl\ a finall town fituate in a pleafant valley on the river Neckar.
which, a little below it, receives the Murr. This place is the feat of a
fpecial fuperintendency. How it came to the counts of Wurtemberg is not
certainly known. But it was a part of their dominions fo early as the hegining
of the 14th century. In 1546 it fuffered greatly from the Spuniards ;
m 1642 it was twice plundered, in 1693 it was burnt by the Fri'//(;-/6, and
in 1745, greatlv damaged by a ftorm, as was alfo the whole country round
it. This diftrid; has excellent vineyards, meadows, and corn-land.
The diftrid of Marpach comprehends fourteen parilhes, namely, AJ'alterbach,
and Binningen, a parochial village, near which in the year 1597
was difcovered the walls of a Roman fortihcation on the fpot where a town
called Veneria, or Sicca Veneria is faid to have ftood ; Burgfiall, Erbjletten^
Erdmanhaufen, HochdorJ\ belonging to the free barons of Gemmingen ;
Kirchberg, LIurr, PleideJßxim, Poppenioeiler, Kielingfliatifen, Kietbenau,
in which is a bath; and Stei?iheim, a market-town containing a nmnery ;
which is alfo known by the name oi Alarienthal inAJVeyler z'tra ßein. Some
of thefe places, as Pleideljheim for inftance, belonged to the ancient Mu~
rachgau, or Murgau.
12. The town and diftrid of Bei/ßein. In it
Beil/lein, a Imall town, which formerly, and even fo lately as the year
1230 had counts of its own, and wlio took their title from it. Afterwards
it feems probably to have belonged to the counts of Reichenberg, next to
the Marggraves of Baaden, from whom, together with thecaftle of Reichen-
Serg ^nd the town of Backnang, it is fuppofed to have defcended to the
counts nf fVurtemberg, to whom in 1361 it was granted as a fief by the
crown of Bohemia, together with Boiwar, Neuenburg, and the caftle of
Lichtenberg. In the year 1453 it was given to the counts of Helfenflein,
but refumed again in 1457. In 1643 it was plundered by the duke of
l-Veymar' s ioTces i and 1693 burnt by the ivY;^t-^.
The diftrid of 5^///?«?/« contains the following places,
The parochial villages of jiuetjßein and Gronau.
Oberflenfeld, a market-town belonging to Wurtemberg, In this town is
an independent canonry of Lutheran ladies under the diredion of an abbefs,
and having a chaplain and baihlFof its own.
The lordfliip of Stettenfel: and Gruppenbach, in the 13th century belonged
to the. f&mWy of Sturmfeder. In the year i ^Oä^, Zafolphus of yidelßmm
he poffeffor of it, by virtue of an order of the Emperor Maximilian I.
was deprived of it by Ulrich duke of Wurtemberg, who incorporated it with
viz.
the

192 GERMANY. [Wurtemberg.
the dutchy, as a fief always to be held by the hereditary marfhal, and accordingly
in the year 1507 it was given as a male fief to Ham Conrad
Thumb o^ Neubiirg, whofe wife Margaret was fifter to the above-mentioned
Zajhlpb, at that time deceafed. In the year 1527, the above Conrad fold
it to IVo'iff Philip of Hirnheim, who dying without iffue, Duke Chriflian
was for refuming the fief. But the Emperor Charles V. conferred the lordfhio
on the houfe of Walther of Hirnloeim, who in 155 1 fold it to the family
of Fiigger, and they in 1556 received it as a fief from the counts of Wurtcmberg.
But the Fiiggers accounting it an immediate lordfhip derived
from IVt/rtemberg only as a male fief, but exempt from all fervices, and
incorporated with the independent nobleffe about the Hocher, and in the
years 1734 and 1735 founding q. convent, of Capuchins, as alfo a church
at the caftle of Stettenfels, this occafioned an expenfive procefs before the
Aulic Council with the houfe of Wurtemberg, infomuch that to bring it to
a conclufion, the duke in 1747, purchafed the ü'o;«/W?/w «///^ of the lordfhip.
It conhfts of the caftle of Stettenfels, and the httle town of Grupfenbach,
with a Lutheran parirti-church, a hamlet, and fome land.
Under-heinrieth, a paridi-viilage.
town and diftrift of Neuffen. In it
1 3 . The
ISfeuJf'en, a little town, but a fpecial fuperintendency ; and having formerly
lords of its own, who were at firft ftiled nobles of Neuffen, and afterwards
counts of Graifpach and Marßetten. From thefe, partly by purchafe
and partly by inheritance, in the year 1284 it defcended to Conrad of Wein-
J'per^, who in 1301 fold it to Count Eberhard of Wurteinberg.
Not far from the town on a high and fleep hill flands a caftle called
Hohen -neuffen.
The dirtrift of Neuffen contains eight pariihes, namely, Beuren, Ej-henbrtchtfiseiler,
Frickenhaufen, Grabenjietten, GrafcJiberg, Great-Bettlingen,
Kohlberg and Linjenhofen.
14. The caftle of A[perg, or Hohen- Afperg, lies at a fmall diftance from
Ludwigiburg, betwixt Stutfgardt and Groningen, on a fingle mountain in the
old Glemfgau, in the country around which, for fome leagues, is nothing
but corn-land to be feen. In former times its proper name was Richtenkerg,
and Ajperg that of a little town feated on the mountain near it ; but
the latter was demoliflied in the 14th century, and included within the
circuit of the caftle, which then came to be called Ajperg. Anciently too
an earldom belonged to it, the owner of which was defcended of the line
Palatine of Tubingen. Count WiHia7n of Tubingen pofl"efled it in 1228, and
his fon Ulrich at firft ftiled himfelf count of Ajperg, whofe fon of the fame
name in the year 1308 fold the county of Afperg to Count Eberhard of
Wurtembcrv. The caftle in the i6th and 17th centuries was feveral times
taken, and at pr^fent is reduced to a low condition. Near it is a market-town
with

C
V/iirtemberg.]
GERMANY,
with a parifh-church in it founded about the year 1450, and which is alfo
called the caftle of Afperg, or Under- Afperg,
193
15. The town and diltrift of Calw. In it
Calw^ a town fituate on the Nagold with a fpecial fuperintendency in it
and a cloth manufafture, and containing alfo a trading company. This
place formerly belonged to the Wiringau, or Wirmgau. Afterwards it had
particular counts of its own who occur in hiftory fo early as the beginning
of the nth century. In the fecond half of thfe 13th century part of
this earldom devolved to the Palatine of 'Tubingen^ and the other part to the
counts of Schelklingen. In the year 1308 the Counts Co/'/r^^, Ulrich, and
Henry of Schelklingen transferred their half of the county to Count Eberhard
oi Wurtemberg ; and in 1345 Count William of 7z//'/;/g-t72 fold his half of
the county of Calw for 7000 lb. weight of hellers, or 5200 florins, to
Count Eberhard of Wurtejjiberg. The caftle in which the ancient Counts
of Calw are faid to have rcfided, flood on a hill above the town ; but in
1600 was razed ; and the town itfelf in 1635 laid in allies by the Imperiallfts,
and in 1692 again by the Fr^«^/6.
The diftridl of Calw contains eight pariflies,
namely,
Altbiirg, Braitenberg, Dachtel, Deckenpjrond, Mottingen, Neuweiler and
Zwerenberg,
Za-veljhin, a little town feated on a mountain. To it belongs a hamlet
lying in a narrow valley beneath it.
Deynach, thrsugh which the rivulet of Dcynach runs, and celebrated for
its excellent and delightful fprings.
16. The little town oi WilJbald, which lies in a deep valley on the rivulet
of £«2, and was purchafed by the counts of Wurtemberg together with the
town oiCalw. This town is the feat of a fpecial fuperintendency and famous
alfo for the virtues of its warm baths. In the years 1457, '525,
it was wholly burnt down, but is now rebuilt much hand-
1645 and 1742,
fomer than ever, and in particular contains many elegant improvements in
its
baths.
17. The town and ^\^x\dioi Neuenburg.
Neuenburg, a fmall town feated in a valley on the little river of EnZy
feems formerly to have belonged to the county of Calw, having together
with that county been fold to the houfe o( Wurtemberg, who in 1361 were
inverted with it as a fief by the crown of Bohemia. In 1519 the Swabian
confederacy having made themfelves mafters of this dutchy, the town and
diflri(fl of Neuetiburg were mortgaged to Francis von Sickingen ; but in
1534 Duke Ulrich again recovered all. The caftle which ftands on a hill
near it, is at prefent the refidence of a ranger of the foreft. In fome old
pits in the neighbourhood of this town are found great quantities of thofe
excellent iron ftones called glafs-heads or blood-ftones, and from their fize
and figure Bohn-Erze or bean-ore.
Vol. V.
.
c The

194- GERMANY,
[Wurtemberg.
The diftiict of Neiienberg contains the nine following pariflies ; ^'iz.
Birkenfeld, of which the Marggrave of BaaJen had formerly a part; Ca/>niacb,
Dobel, Feld-Remiach, Gravmhatifcn, Grwrxettersbach^ Langenhrandy
Ottenbaiifen and Palmbach, a place inhabited by JValdenJcs and confequently
Proteftants.
1 8. The town and diftrict of Rofmfeld. In it
Rofenfeld, a fmall town, lituate not far from the above county of Hohenberg
and anciendy belonging to the lordlliip of Urjzlingen ; but the
caflle of that name flood on an eminence at a fmall diftance from the town.
In the year 13 17, Simon and Conrad, dukes oi 'J'eck, fold it to Eberhard^
Count of Wurtemberg.
The diftrict of Rofenfeld contains in. it eight parifhes ; namely, Ayßetg,
Bergfelden, Bickelsb-rg, Flotzlingcn, Lcidringen, "Tübingen, Trichtingen, or
Trucbtingen and Vohringen.
\ 9. The town and diftrict of Brackenheim, in the Zabergau, lituate on
the little river Zober.
In it
Brackenheim, a town, formerly the capital of ^z Zabergau, and belonging
to the lordfliip of Magenheim. One half of this place was fettled by Maria,
daughter oiVlrich, lord oi Magenheim and wife to Otho, count of Hole:. berg,
on her fon Burkard, count of Hobenberg, who, in the year 1 3 2 i , fold his part of
the caftle of Magenbeim, as alfo of the town of Brackcnhcim and feveral other
appurtenances, to Eberhard, count of Wurtemberg; and the other half of
the lordHiip of Magenheim was bequeathed by Zaijolpb of Magenheim to the
family of Wurtemberg. In this town is a fpecial fuperintendency.
namely,
The diftrift of Brakenbeim contains fourteen parifhes ;
Botenheim, Durrenzimmern, Great-Gartacb, Haufen, Haberfchlacbt, Ho-'
ftn, Kleebronn.
Kirchheim on the Neckar, a market-town, formerly a free village and immediately
fubject to the Empire.
Little-Gartach, a fmall town, purchafed, in the year 1335, of Albert
Bruzzen by Eberhard and Ulrich, counts of Wurtemberg, and afterwards,
from the year 1485 to 1571, continued as a mortgage to the Gemmingen
family. Near it once flood the caflle of Luneberg, or Leimberg.
Meimßmm, Niederhofen, Nordhaufen, a parifh of Proteftant Waldenfes ;
Northeim and Stetten am Heucbelberg.
20. The town and diflridl of Dornßetten : Belonging to it
Dornßetten, a tovi^n, fituate on the Black Forefl not far from the little
river Glait, and in the country formerly called the Nagalgau or Nagoldgau,
to which appertained alfo the fmall Gau Waldgau, which received its name
from the river Waldach. The town once belonged to the Counts of Turftenberg,
who mortgaged it, in lieu of a portion, to Anne Countefs of
Furflenberg and John of Gerolzeck her hufband, who made an abfolute
fale of it to the counts of Hobenberg, and thefe in 1320 to Count Eberhard
of Wurtemberg.
In

Wiirtemberg.] GERMANY.
195
In the years 1415 and 1563 this place fufFered greatly by fire, and
in '1675 was wholly burnt down.
The diflricl of Dornßetten contains a mountain which is faid to abound
in ores ; as alio the five parities of Bayerßroun, Glatten, Griaithal, Pfalzgrafefiioeiler,
and Tiimlingcn. In this diftridt is likewife held, twice a ye-r,
a Waldgerkht or foreft-court of twelve judges who are chofen out of the
villages of Dieterßveiler, Bcfizhigen, Upper- and Under- Aach, Wif^Hnfv^eilety
Grandel, Under-Miifabach and Hal'wangen, but the prefident thereof is the
prefed: of Dornfletten.
21. The town and diflrift o^ Wmneiiden, fituate betwixt the towns and
diftrids of Backnaiig and Waiblingen, and containing
Winjienden, a fmall town, fold in the year 325, by Conrad oi Weinfferg
to Count Ulrich of Wurtemberg. In it anciently was a commandery of the
'Teutonic order, which, in the year 1665, they parted with to Duke Eberhard
III. for 48,000 florins, who converted the manfion belonging to the
commandery into a feat. In the year 1693, the town was laid in arties by
the French. In its neighbourhood once flood a caftle which was called
after its name.
The diftridl of Winnenden contains in it the parifhes of Bucch, Oppelfpohn
and Schioaickbeim.
22. The town and diftridl of Guglingen. In it
Gi/glingen, a fmall town, fituate on the river Zö^i?r, and formerly belonging
to the lords ofNeuffen, from whom it defcended to the counts of Ebertlein j
but the counts of Wurtemberg became proprietors of it in the fourteenth
century, and at prefent it is the feat of a fpecial fuperintendency of
Lutherans.
Within the difi:ri£l of Guglingen are fix parifiies ; namely, Frauenz-immern,
Hafner-Hajzlach, Kurnbach, (of which a half, or rather two thirds
belong to the houfe of Heffe-Cajfel) Ochjenbach, Pfaffenhofen and Weiler.
Near Kirpach, or Kirchbach, Duke Eberhard III. built him a feat with
a hunting-park belonging to it, which he flocked with divers kinds
of beafls.
23. The town and diflrid of Groningen. In it
Marggroningen, a town fituate on the river Glems, and the feat of a
fpecial fuperintendency. In the year 1295, this place was fold by the counts
Conrad and Eberhard to the Emperor Adolphus, on whofe deceafe it efcheated
to the Empire, and thus continued an Imperial town till the year 1332,
when the Emperor Lewis of Bavaria conferred it on Conrad of Scblußclberg
; who, as chief ftandard-bearer, had a great fhare in the viftory obtained
over Frederick of Aiiflria at the obflinate battle of Muhldorf, net far
from Ochlingen. This nobleman, in the year 1336, fold it to Ulrich, count
of Wurtemberg, for 6000 pounds weight of Hellers. The Emperor ratified
C c 2 the

196 G E R M A N r. [Wurtemberg.
the purchafe, and invefled Count Ulrich with the fief as an appenage to
the Imperial ftandard.
The manor of Grottiugen contains fix pariflies j viz.
Bifzingen, Moglitigen, Munchingen., Schwieberdingen, Thamm and Under-
Riexingena. The lali, which is a handfome market-town, a part belongs
to the noble family ol Lciitrwn. In the village o^ Ofzweil the duke of Wurtemberg
enjoys the Wild-fajig, or '^la capiendi homines vagabundos et crrones
et redigendi illos
in fervituiem.
24. The town and diftridt of Vaihingen. In it
Vayhingen, a town fituate on the river Enz in the ancient Enzgau,
and fo named from it. This place contains a caftle, feated on an eminence,
which, in the year 1734, was fortified with additional works in the
modern tafte, is the ieat of a fuperintendency, and had formerly counts
of its own. Of thefe Egens, of whom mention is made in a record
bearing date in the year 1139, is the firft of whom there is any certain
knowledge. Henry, fon to Count Co>irad and Matilda his fifter, who was
married to Frederick, count of Zollern, were the laft of that family. The
town came in a manner unknown into the hands of the counts of Oet~
fingen, who, in the year 1339, fold it to Ulrich, count of Wurtemberg,
In 1 6 17, 16 1 8 and 1693, it fuffered very much by fire.
The diftrid; of Vayhingen contains in it the ten following pariflies ; viz.
Upper-Riixingen, a fmall town.
Aurich, Eberdingen, Enfingen, Etiziveyhingen, in which is a quarry of
tranfparent alaballer, Hoheti-Hafzlach, Trlorrheim, Ntsfdorf, of which the
family of Reifchach poflefTes one part, Rieth, Wuften, or Klein, Glatbach
and a part of Serß:eini, the laft of which belongs moftly to Sachfenheim.
Rechentßcfen, originally a nunnery founded by the counts of Vayhingen, is,
together with its lordlhip, devolved to the Wurtemberg family.
25. The town and diflrift of I'ubingen. Belonging to it
Tubingen, the fecond town of the dutchy, which lies in a rugged
fituation, on the river Neckar, betwixt two hills which feparate the Neckar
and Ammer-'ThaL Of thefe hills that towards the eaft is called Oflerberg
and the other the Schlcfzberg ixom the Schieße, or caftle, oi Hchen-Tubingen,
which ftands on it. Southward lies the Steinlacher Ihal, through which
runs the rivulet o{ Steinlach. Ever fince the year 1514, the high-court of
juftice, wherein all procefl'es were finally determined, has been held here.
I'ubingen has alfo an univerfity founded in the year 1477, by Count Eberhard
the Elder, and from him called Alma Eberhardina. (The above-mentioned
ßipendium for divines is in a building here formerly an Aagußine
convent) The Martinian znd Hachmannian [lipendia, which are annexed to
the univerfity ; a collegium illujlre, all the fcholars of which are Princes or
counts, and is never opened but when youths of fuch families come to ftudy
there j a Latin fchool of four claffes and a fpeclal fuperintendency. In it
is

Wurtemberg.] GERMANY. 197
IS alfo a woollen manufaiflure. This town is of fuch antiquity that Its aera
is quite unknown. It is the origin of the Pfalzgraviate of SivabicJ, and,
though the dcfcent of the ancient Palatines of Tubingen be unknown, yet
they had here their pfalz, or palatium, which flood on the fpot of the
prefent caftle of Hoben-Tubingen Chum. One of the eldeft Pfalzgraves
known at prefent lived in the year jo8o ; and the lall of them, viz.. George
'Eberhard, died in the year 1631. The two Pfalzgraves, Got-z and William.,
in the year 1342, fold this town to Count Ulrich of Wurtemberg,
In 1535, Duke Ulrich pulling down the old caftle, caufed that of Hoheji-
Tubi?igen, which is the prefent refideiice, to be eredled with fortifications.
In 1 540 the town was damaged by fire. In the thirty years war it was
frequently befieged and taken, and in 1688 was conhderably hurt by'
the French.
Not far from the town, towards Bclfen, lies a medicinal bath. Of the
free burfch in the Steinlacher Thal, mention has been made before.
The diftridt of Tubingen contains in it twenty-one parilhes ; viz. Bodelfhaufen.
Breitenholz, Ciijierdingen, Degerfchlacht, Denendingen, Dufzlingen,
Entringen, with the caftle of Hohen- Entringen, Gonnir.gen, Kilchberg,
Kirchentellinsfurt, Mohringen auf den Herdetiy Moßingen, Nähren, Orfchingen,
to which are annexed the mountain-caftle and farm of Hcherijurfl j
Offerdingen, Pfaffingen, the feat of a collection, Kommelfpach, Schlaitdor-f,
Thalheim, Waldaorj and Weilheim, lying on the river Neckar. The ancient
convent of Einfidel, in Schonbuch, has been converted into a hunting-feat.
26. The town and diftriä: of Herrenberg. In it
Herrenberg,

198 GERMANY. [Wurtemberg.
w'liole. In 1547 the Spaniards lived here at difcretlon, and, in 1638, the
ImperialißsaXü. The neighbourhood produces fome wine.
The diftriä: of Boblijigen enjoys a very fruitful foil and contains in it
-
twelve pariflies ; namely, AydUngen, Dagerßjeim, Holzgerlingen, Magßatt^
Mochingen, or Maichingen, Mauren, belonging to the free barons of Scbertlin
;
OJlelßxim and Schonaich,
28. Sindelfingen, a little town, lying one fhort half German league from
Böblingen, in a very fruitful country. This place anciently belonged to the
counts of Crt/w, on the extindion of whom it defcended to Count Rudolph
of Tubingen. In the year 1263, from a village it was eredled into a town,
and the fame privileges as had been granted to Tubingen were given it in
1 274 by the Emperor Rudolph. A daughter of Götz, Pfalzgrave of Tubingen,
brought it as a portion to her hulband Ulrich of Rechberg, whofe
fon Ulrich the Tourger, fold it, in the year 1351, to the count oi Wurtemberg.
The abbey here was fecularifed after the Reformation.
29. The town and diftridt of Heubach. In it
Heubach, a mean little town, lying not far from the fource of the Refns,
betwixt the Imperial cities of Gmünd and Aalcn. This place belonged to
the Counts of Wurtemberg io long fince as the year 1360. On a high
mountain near it ftands the caftle of Kofenflein.
The diftridl of Heubach contains in it the parifhes of Lindach and Upper-
Babingcn. In fome hamlets here the Imperial town of Gmünd and other
lordfhips have the joint jurifdidtion,
and in others the former only.
30. The town and diflrict of Laufen. Belonging to it is
Laujf'en on the Neckar, a town fituate in a very fruitful pleafant country,
and containing alfo a fpecial jurifdiction. It is a very ancient place and was
formerly immediately fubject to the Empire. In the thirteenth century it
devolved to the Marggraves of Baaden, from whom it defcended, in the year
1346, to Albert Hofwart the younger, and after his deceafe the greatefl
part of it was firft purchafed of his father and brother by Count Eberhard
of Wurtemberg, who, in the year 1369, got the whole into his own hands.
The bridge built over the Neckar is the wideft and longefl in the whole
dutchy, and leads to the village of Lauffen, which lying oppofite to the
town is reckoned a part thereof, being even handfomer than it; and containing
the principal church, the clergy and moft of the officers of the juridical
courts refide herej but the feat of the jufticiary is in the caftle, which ftands
on a rock in the middle of the Neckar. Before the town lies a lake which
is accounted the largeft in the whole country.
The diftrict of Lauffen confifts of the parifhes ofGcmfnerigheim and Ihfclden,
31. The town and diftrict of Botwar, containing
Great-Botwar, a fmall town, fituate on the little rivulet of Botwar,
This place is very ancient, and formerly belonged to the barons of Lichtenberg,

Wurtemberg.]
GERMANY.
berg^ who, in the fourteenth century, took upon them the name oi Hummel;
and their caltle, wz. Lichtenbergs ftands not far from the town. This
caftle, the town of Botwar, and other places and eftates hereabouts, were
purchafed by Count Eberhard of Wurtemberg for 5600 pounds weight of
hellers. In the year 1642, the town was ill treated by Duke JVe\7}iar%
forces, and in 1693 by the Frra^'Z?. The country produces fine wine.
The diflrict o\ Botwar contains in it
the pariflies oi Little- Ajpach^ Little-
99
Botwarcind Sckaubeck, a part of which belongs to the family of Gaisbe?g :indL
JVinzelhaiifeti, a fief belonging to the barons of Schutz.
32. The town and d'Avict of Tuttlingen. In it
Tuttlingen, or Duttlingen, a town feated without the boundaries of the
dutchy, near the eftate of Furjknbcrg on the Danu' :. In this town is a
fpecial fuperintendency. In the year 1334, it was a village and belonged
to the lordlliip of Wartenberg, but betwixt that year and 1372 was raifed
to a town, and in the lafl: mentioned year was fold by Ofzwald of Wartenberg
to Count Rudolph of Sulz. The exact time of its devolving to the
counts of Wurtemberg is not known, though that feems to have been before
the end of the fourteenth century, for in 141 3 it had belonged to them
for fome time.
Not far from it ftands the caftle of Lichten-Wartenberg. The caftle of
Honberg was entirely deftroyed in the thirty years war. About a quarter
of a German league from the town lies Ludwigßhal, noted for its iron manufaftory
eredled by Duke Eberhard Lewis, in which iron is both caft
and forged.
The diftridt of Tuttlingen has been enlarged with the lordfhips of
Lupfen, Karpfen and Falkenßein. A baron's family anciently took their
title from the lord (hip of Lupfen, who, when the earldom of StuUngen
fell to them, ftyled themfelves alio Counts of Lupfen and Stidingen ; but,
in the year 1582, this family became extindl. In the year 1437, Brun of
Lupfen fold the mountain and caftle of Lupfen, in Latin Lupodunum, together
with fome villages and eftates, to Henry and Rudolph of Fridingen ;
the latter of whom, in the year 1444, fold it a fecond time to Count
Lewis of Wurtemberg, to whom he alfo transferred the lordftiip of Karpfen.
The barons of Falkenßein, who are not to be confounded with thofe
feated in Alface, in the years 1444 and 1449, ^'^^^ ^^eir lordftiip of Falkenflein
to Count Lewis of Wurtemberg. The eight parifties of thisdiftridl
are
Aldingen, fituate on the Baar, Halfen ob Frona, Newhaufen ob Eck, Oefßngen,
Schwenningen, Thalheitn, Trofzingen and Thonningen. In an open
country near the parochial village of Schwenningen rifes the Neckar, where
it is immediately encreafed by fo many fprings that at a quarter of an hour's
diftance only it
drives a mill.
33. The town and diftriit of Dornhan. In it
Dornhartt

200 G E R M A N T. [Wurtemberg.
Dornha)!, or Dornheim, a fmall town fituate in the Schwarzwald, which
in 1 25 1 was a village held as a fief of the barons of Wwtemberg by Volmar
oi Brandeck -^ but in 1271 Leivis duke of Tf«:/^ raifed it to a town. When
it came under the dominion of Wurtemberg is not known, poffibly at the
fame time as the town of Rofenfcld. In the year 1718 it was fet on
fire by lightning, and wholly confumed, excepting a few houfes. Near it
flood the Ci^la oi Brafideck and Vogehberg.
The diftridt of Dornhan contains in it the parifhes oi Furnfaal icaA. XJnder-
Brajidi the laft of which is Roman Catholic.
34. The town and diflridl of Nagold. In it
Nagold, a town fituafe in the Schwarzivald on the river Nagold, and In
the country formerly called the Nagoldgau. This place anciently belonged
to the counts oi Hobenberg, who are now extindl; and in 1363 was fold
by Count Otto to Everhard Count of Wurtemberg. In the year 1736 a medicinal
fpring was difcovered here.
The diftridt of Nagold confifts of four pariflies, viz.
Haiterbach, a fmall town purchafed at the fame time with Nagold.
Bohndorf, Hochdorf, and Wartb.
3 5. Ebiiigen, a fmall town, lying betwixt the upper Hobenberg, to which
it anciently belonged, and the county of Zollern. In the year 1367 this
place was fold to Eberhard Count oi Wurtemberg. The little village of Bitz
is annexed to it.
36. The town and diflrid of Hornherg, a town fituate in the Schwarz-
'ij^ald on the river Gufacb, and the feat of a fpecial fuperintendency. This
place formerly belonged in part to the family of the barons of Hornbergy
and the dukes of Urjzlingcn, whofe {hare efcheated to George and Henry von
Gerolzeck. The fliare of the former was fold to the counts of Wurtemberg
in 1423, and that of the latter in 1443, i447> and 1448.
The diftriä; belonging to it confifts of
Schiltach, a fmall town, which in the year 1590, was totally confumed
by fire. Its pariili-church comprehends under it three chapels of cafe. The
neighbouring mountaÄn oi Hohoiberg yields a fine iron ore.
Of feats and hamlets here are as many as make four parifhes, viz.
Guttach, Kirnbach, Tennenbronn, and Weiler. In the year 1575, the copper,
and filver mine work here was difcovered at I'ennenbronn. In Offenbacher
Thale is dug up a white clay which is ufed in the porcelain manufadlory
at
Calw.
37. The town and diftrid: of Kirchhcim. In it
Kirchheim under Teck, a town fituate below the old caftle of Teck, and
the feat of a fpecial fuperintendency. In the year 1690 this place was
•wholly deftroyed by fire. Formerly it belonged to the dukes of Teck,
jointly with the dukes oi Außria, who in 1325 transferred their fliare to
Count JJlrich of Wurtemberg, on which Frederick duke of Teck mortgaged,
and

Wurtemberg.] GERMANY, 201
and afterwards fold his fliare of the town together with the caftle of Teck
and the vafials to the Counts Eberhard and IJlrich of Wurtanberg.
Teck, a caftle of very great antiquity in it, ftood here on a mountain near
K!rchbeim,\\hich is higher than the adjac'-nt yl'ps ; but in the year 1525 was
demolifhed by the revolting peafants. From hence the ancient dukes of
Teck derive their name, which is fcarce to be met with in any authentic
record precedent to the year 1 180 ; and Albert a fon of Conraifs and grandfon
to Berthold duke of Zahringen is the firft mentioned in a record of
1
193 as duke oiT^eck; and in Lewis, patriarch oi Aquileia, this ducal family
failed in 1439. In the Teckerberg is found xht gagates, or a black amber,
which, the fragrancy exxepted, has all the qualities of the yellow.
The diftricl of Kirchheim contains in it fourteen pariQies, 'ciz.
Owen, a fmall town, which belonged to the dukes of Teck, and was
their refidence and place of internment.
Bijzingeti, Dettingen on the Schlofzberg, Gutenberg, near which flood a
caftle where the archives of the dukes of Teck were kept ; Nabern, Upper
and Vnder-Lenningen, Ohmden, Kojzwalden and Schopfloch, all which belonged
to the dukes of Teck.
Wcilheim, a fmall town, in the year 13 17 furrounded with walls. This
place formerly belonged to the county of Aichelberg, and not far from it
flood the caftle of the fame name. A part of this county fell to the counts
of Klrchberg, who in the year 15 10 became extinft, and fold it in 1334
to Count Ulrich of Wurtemberg. The other part wa^ fold in 1339 to Count
Ulrich of Aichelberg.
The parifhes of Holzmaden, Jefingen, and Zell under dem Aichelberg, belonged
likewife to the county of Aichelberg.
38. The town and diftriä: of iV/z/r/'^r^y. In it
Murhard, a fmall town fituate on the river Murr in the ^r\z\txitMurrgau ;
and famous only for its abbey. This abbey was formerly a convent of Bc~
nediSlines, and is faid to have been firft founded in the year 816, but ever
fince the year 1572 has been under the diredion of a Lutheran abbot.
The prelate here is alfo minifter of the place, with two deacons under him,
one of which is minifter of Furnfpach, and the other has forty-three chapels
under his care. The town itfelf is pofterior to the convent; the latter was
at firft under the protedion of the at prefent extinft family of Lowenßcin,
who had alfo the jurifdiftion of the town. In the year 1365 the convent,
by order of the Emperor, admitted the counts of Wurtemberg as their patrons
and defenders; but not without oppofition from the counts of Lowenflein.
At laft, namely, in the years 1393 and 1395 they ceded all their
right in the town and convent of Murhard to Count Eberhard of Wurtem^
berg and his heirs. The diftrid: of Murhard contains in it the parifhes of
Oberroth and Viehberg; but thefe are included in the dutchy of Limpburg.
39. The town and diftrid of Bahlingen. In it
Vol. V. D d Bahlingen,

202 GERMAN r.
[WurtemSei-g.
Bahlingen, a town fituatc in a fruitful foil on the little river of Eyach,
betwixt the upper and lo\ver county of Hohaiberg and the county oiZollcrn,
and the feat alfo of a fpecial fuperintendency. This place formerly belonged
to the lordfaip of 6'c^^//^S(^z/rg-, whofe caftle has long fince lain in ruins, and
was together with the town in the year 1403,- fold by Count Frederick of
Zcllcrn to Count Eberhard of Wurtemberg. In the years 1607 and 1724 this
town was alnaoft wholly deftroyed by fire. Near it is a medicinal fpring.
Not far from hence is the Haberg^ as it is called, which among the vulgar
is, but with little reafon, no lefs famous thnn the Brocken or Blocksberg,
mentioned before. With refpedl to the freyeti Burfch at Bahlingen, an agreement
was made on that head in the year 1490 betwixt Wurtemberg and
Hochherg,
Tiie diftriift of Bahlingen confifts of fourteen parifhes, namely, Durlaavgcfi,
E?id!gen, Engßlatt, Erzingen, Frommern, Hefelivangen, Mosßeften,
Onjhr.stlingen, Ojldorff, Ffaßngen, T'hailßngen, I'hieringen, Truchielfingen,
and IVinterlinq-en.
40. The town and diftricl of Bietigheim. In it
Bietigheim, a town ntuate at the conflux of the Enz and Metferbacb,
from the former of which the Enzgau has its name. This place was originally
a village, which the counts of Wurtemberg about the middle of the
J 4th century probably acquired from the counts of Wayhingen, and in
1364, with the Emperor's permiffion, raifed to a town, but it was foon
after wholly deftroyed by fire, as the greater part of it was again in 17 18.
This place, however, now is a fpecial fuperintendency.
The diftridl of Bietigheim confifts of the parilhes of Great and Little-Ingerßxim
and Lochgau.
41. The town and diilrifi: of Wildberg, a town fituate on the river Nagold
in the country formerly called the Nagoldgau, and which is the feat of
a fpecial fuperintendency. In the years 1363 and I3'77 this place was fold
by the counts of Hohenberg to Rupert Palfgrave of Tubingen, and in 1440,
by the Pfalzgrave Otto to Counts Lezvis and Ulrich of Wurtemberg. In the
vear 1464 it was wholly ccnfumed by fire. Not far from hence ftands
Reuthin, formerly a very opulent convent, which is at prefent the refidence
of a jufliciary.
The diftriit of Wildberg confifts of five parifhes, namely, Bulach, or
New-Bulach, a fmall town, near which were formerly fome rich mines of
copper and filver. This parifli is hereditary in the Griickler family.
Ebhaufen, Gultlingen, JJpper-'Jettingen and Sutz.
42. The town and diftridl oi Blaubeuren, a town fituateon the Alb, in
the Pleonungethal, or Phiinchau, on the banks of the river Blau, which
takes its rife near the foot of a hill in the Blautopfe, as it is called. This
town is a fpecial fuperintendency. A convent was firft erefted here near the
oAXi oi Egeljee , or Aigeljee ; but in the year 1085 was removed to this
place. After the Reformation one of the lower conventual "fchools, was
founded

Wwtemberg.] G E R M A N Y. 203
founded here,
in which twenty alumni are inftrufled by two profeflors under
the inipeclion of the Lutheran abbot, but this was afterwards removed to
the upper convent of Bebenhaufen. The town, together with the adminiitrations
of the convent, was, in the year 1447 ^°-^ '^y Count Conrad
oi Heifenßein to Leivis Count oiWurtemberg and Albert Duke of Aiiflria^
of whofe houfe it was held as a fief by the Counts of Helfenfiem, confirmed
the purchafe, and granted the town to Count Leivis as an hereditary
fief. The long contefts betwixt the houies of Wurtemberg and
Aiißria concerning this fief were partly accommodated at the treatv of
Wejiphnlia, and fully terminated in the year 1692, this lordfhip continuing
to the houfe of Wurtemberg.
The foreft-diflridt here cettfifts of five parifhes, namely, Ajch, Berghuhn^
Gerhaufen, Suppingen., Pappenlau, and Alarckbrcnn.
Obf. The conventual manor is defcribed in the fequel.
43. The town and diftridl of Sulz. In it
Sulz, a town, fituate on the river Neckar, not far from Dornhan and
Rofenfeld, in which are two profitable falt-fprings. The falt-works here
indeed have been much improved by fome ingenious works, but are
not yet fufficient to furnilh the whole country. The town is a fpecial
fuperintendency. So early as the year 1284 this place belonged to the
lords of Geroljeck, who in 1423 granted to the counts of Wurtemberg the
advowfon thereof. In the year 1471, the Emperor ivWrr/V;^ having put the
town under the bann, empowered Eberhard count of Wurtemberg to make
himfelf mafter of it, which he did not fail to do. In 1581 and 1720 it
fuftained
great damages by fire.
In the neighbourhood of this town is the caftle of Albeck.
The diftrift of Sulz contains in it the three pariflies of Fluorn, which
has fome good iron-works in it ; Mühlen am bach, and Zigmarfwangcn.
44. The town and diftrift of Pfidlingen. In it
Fjullingen, an open town fituate in a verypleafant and fruitful valley at the
extremity of the Alb, which is particularly noted for its fine orchards. This
place is the feat of a fpecial fuperintendency, and formerly belonged to the
noble family oi Remp, who at firfl ftiled themfelves of Pfidlingen, and are
thought to have been dependants of the counts of Wurtejnberg, In the
year 1487, Gafpar Remp fold his fiiare of Pfidlingen, together with the cafde
thereof, to Eberhard the elder count of Wurtemberg. In this town was
formerly a rich nunnery.
The diftricfl of Pfullingen belongs for the moft part to the lords of Greiffenflein,
from whom the counts of Wurtemberg purchafed it in the year
1355. In it not far from Pfullingen lies the Nebelloch, being a cave famous
among other things for an infinite variety of figures in fpar. Near Engßingen
is a medicinal fpring. The parifhes of this diftri(ft are Gengftingen, which
is Roman Catholic ; Holzelfngen, PIcnau, Little-Engßingen and Underhaufen.
D d 2
Not

204
-
GERMANY. [Wurtemberg.
Not far alfo far from TfuUingcji flood the caftle of Achalm, which efcheating
to the Empire on the exiinftion of the counts oi Achalm, and was by the
Emperor Lewis, in the year 1330, conferred on Count Ulrich o'i Wurtemberg;
yet did the lords oi Rietbcj?n iceep pofiefTion of it till the year 12,7'^,
when they fold it to Count Eberhard of J-Vurtemberg. In the conventual
manor of Pfullingen lies the parifh of Genkingers.
45. The town and diftricl of Weimberg. In it
Weimherg, a town fituate in the ancient country of the Sulma}2agau,ox Suhn^
gau ; a part confitis in a round hill, on which alfo ftands a ruined caflle :
The other part lies in a valley. In it is alfo a fpecial fuperintendency. Tiiis
place is faid to have been befieged in the year 1 140 by the Emperor Conrad.
In 1400 it belonged to the lords of /FwVw/^fr^, from whom it devolved to
the Pfalz-^raves of they^Z^'/.Y. In 1504, Ulrich duke of Jfurfe^nbcrg made
himfelf mafter of it, and the conquefl thereof was confirmed by the Eniperor
Maximilian I. Afterwards, in the peafants war, this place fiding
with the rebellious boors, it was entirely laid in afhes by the Siuabiait
confederacy. In the year 1707 the greacefl part of it was alfo deftroyed
by fire.
Weimberger 'Thai is famous for its excellent wine. Near the town ftood the
nunnery of Liechtenßern ; which in the year 1525 was demohfhcd by the
peafants. To the convent manor belong the parifhes of Upper-Eijzif:eim
and Waldbach.
Tht A\?in^ o? WetJisberg, confifis of eight pariflies, viz. Bitzfcld, with
the chapel of eafe of Bretzjcld, Eberßadt, Eibojen, Horkheim, Siilzbach,
Sabwapach, Wildfpach, Wußen-roth ; to the laft of which belongs, among
others,
the chapel of eafe of i)(?/7«^5ic.r/7(?r.
46. The town and diflridl of Neuftadt. In it
Ncußadt, a town fituate in the ancient Kochergau on the river Kocher, which
here receives the river Brettach. This town contains a palace and a fpecial
fuperintendency. In the year 1444 it belonged to the lords of Weimberg-,
but in 1483 to the Eledtor Palatine; and in 1504, during the Palatinate war
was conquered by the houfe of Wurtetnberg. By a compadt agreed upon
among the brothers this place fell to the fhare of Duke Achilles ; but on the
failure of the Neußadt branch devolved again to the reigning family.
The difirid oiNeißadt contains a part of the ancient Kochergau and Brettachgau,
and confifls of the parifhes of Brettach^ Gochßn, Klever-Sulzbachy
and Kocher-Steinsßeld.
js^j. The town and di\?iv\di oi Meckmuhl. In it
Mechnubl, a town fituate in the ancient Jaxfgau on the river Jaxt.
This place was in being fo early as the year Soo. Afterwards it belonged to
the lords of Hohenlohe, and in 1445 the Pfalzgrave Lewis is faid to have
purchafed it of them. During the Palatinate war in the year 1504, Ulrich
Dukeof/^Twr/fWi^fr^ took the town. In 1521 the Emperor Charles tranfferred

Wurtemberg.] GERMANY. 205
fcrred it as a mortgage to Conrad blfjhop of Wurzburg; but in 1542 the
Wurtemberg i&mWy redeemed it. Meckinuhl iormtv]y contained a cathedral.
The diftriift of Mcckmuhl comprehends under it the part belongino- to the
Wurtemberg family in the little hereditary town of Widdern, (of which alfo
the
Palatinate, Wurzberg and a noble family are proprietors) the parifhes of
Lampolzhaiifen^ Rogheim and Siglingcn.
48. The lordlhip of Heydenheim, which lies on the Adbuch on the river
Brenz in the Brenzthal ov the ancient Brenzgau, was formerly a free lordfliip,
the proprietors of which took not their title from the town of Heyd'cnheim
but from the caflle of Hellenßein ftanding near it. The family of
Hellenjfein becoming extindl in the year 1307, this lordfliip fell to the
then Emperor. This Emperor Albert mortgaged it to Albert o^ Rechberc-,
from whofe fons Conrad and Albert the Emperor Lewis VI. redeeminf it,
mortgaged it again to Count Ulrich o{ Helfe?iJ}ein, to whom the Emperor
Charles W. granted it in the year 1351 for ever. In 144S the countsof
Helfenftein fold the lordlhip to Count Ulrich of Wurtembej-g, and ha
again to Duke Lewis oi Bavaria : and Dake Ulrich of Wuriemkrg havinofided
with Duke Albert of Bavaria againli Phillip the eleäior palatine, in
the year 1504 had the lordfliip 0? Heyder;heim given him in return for
the expenfe he had been at. The Emperor Charles V. in 1521, mortgaged
it to the town of tZ/'w, which ceded it again, in 1536, to Duke Ulrich.
"DukQ Frederick oi Wurtemberg liril: united it with his own title ; and in 1708,
the arms of Heydenheim, with a Saracens head, were alfo added to that
of Wurtemberg. The moft remarkable places in it are
Heydenkeim, a fmall town, lituate on the Brenz, and which the Emperor
Charles IV. in the year 1356, permitted Count Ulrich to wall in.
This place is the feat of a fpecial fuperintendcncy, and contains in it a manufaöure
of fine earthern ware. Not far from hence lies
Hellenßein, a ducal palace completely finiflied by Duk? Frederick. This
palace confifts of twelve parifhes ; namely, Bohlheim, er Bohlen, Dettingen
and Heuchlingen, Fleinheim and Zojchingen, Gerßetien, Haufen am Lonthal^
Heldenßngen, Hermaringen, Hohen- ALinrningen-, Morgeljietten, Nattheimznd.
Oggenhanfen, Schnaitheim, and Sontbeim. The convents of Ankaufen^
Herbrechtingen, and Komgsbronn will occur in the fequel.
49. Hohen-Twiel, anciently Duellium, a fortification ftanding on a very
high rock, in the Hegau, and entirely furrounded by the Auftrian county
of Hellenberg. The dukes of Swabia anciently held it of the Emperor,
and after the lords of Clingenberg, who in the year 151 5 transferred their
jus aperturce in it to Duke Ulrich of Wurtemberg, and in 153B made an
abfolute fale thereof to him. This caftle was frequently bcfieged in the
feventeenth century but never taken. The French garrifon which lay here
during the thirty years war evacuated the place by virtue of the peace of
Wejtphalia. On the rock on which Hands the foitrefs is a vineyard of
forty acres, 50, The

^o6
GERMANY. [Wurtemberg.
50. The lordfhip or diftridl of SteufzUngen lies betwixt the lordfhip of
Jiiltingen and the territory of the abbey oi Z'wifalten^ and formerly belonged
to an ancient noble family, which takes it name from thence, and in 1270
the lordlbip was given as a fief to the counts of Wurtemberg. From them it
devolved to the counts of Freyberg, the male heirs of which failing in the
year 1581, it efcheated to the ducal houfe of Wurtemberg, as lord of the
lief, v/hich, in 1618, he entirely united to the dutchy.
The diflridl belonging to it confifts of the parochial hamlets of Old-
Steiijzlhigen and Little- Almendingen, both which are Roman catholic. Sofidernach
is a dependency of Mehrftetten in the diflriä: oi Munfmgen.
51. The town and diftritft of Befigheim. In it
Beßgheim, a town, fituate near the conflux of the Enz and Neckar, and
which belonged, for a confiderable time, to the Marggravate oi Bernden, but
in the year 1463 was mortgaged to the Eledlor-paladne: In 1504 it was
taken by Duke Ulrich of Wurtemberg who was confirmed in the pofllfTion
thereof by the Emperor ; but in 1529 it was redeemed by the Marggrave
Philip oi Baaden, and in 1594, fold to Duke Frederick oi Wurtemberg.
This is a good wine country.
The dirtridl of Beßgheim confifts of the pariflies and market-towns of
Walheim and Hefzigheim.
52. The diftridt of Mundelßmm, which, together with Befigheim, was
purchafed by the Marggraves of Baaden, is under the direction of the
jufticiary and AW/c'r (an inferior officer) at Befigheim, and confifts folely of
the market-town of Miindelß:>eim, which produces excellent wine.
53. The town and diftrift oi Freudenßadt : In it
Freudenfladt, a town and fort, fituate on a rock in the Schivarzwald
one league's diftance from the Kniebifz. In the year 1599 Duke Fredej-ick
fettled fome proteftants here who came out of Außria, Carniola, Stiria and
Moravia. In the year 1632 it fuftered greatly by fire, and in 1634, being
laid wafte with fire and fword, was entirely forfaken. On the peace that
enfued it was again rebuilt, and in 1667 provided with a regular odfangular
fortification and citadel.
The diftrid of Freudenßadt confifts of the eftate and village of Rod,
%vhich was purchafed in the year 1601, as alfo of the lordfhip oi Neuneck
purchafed in 16 14. The Kniebifz is a pafs over the Black foreß, and
alfo a cufiom-houfe and an inn, near which formerly ftood a convent.
The Chrißophßhal lying betwixt Freudenßadt and Kniebifz contains a minework
of copper and filver. Near Freudenftadt is dug a hard reddifli brown
marble, which is variegated with white, yellow and dark brown veins.
54. The town and di\&.ndL oi Altenfteig : In it
Altenßeig, a town, fituate on the Schzvarzwalde in the ancient Nagoldgau,
which belonged formerly to the counts of Hohenberg, who fold it to the
Marggrave oi Baaden in the year 1400, but in 1603 it was made over in
exchange to the ducal houfe of Wurtemberg,
The

.
Wurtemberg.] GERMANY. 2C7
The diftriä: oiAltrnfieig contains in it eight parochial-villages, vi::. ^//d'^y/^/V,
Gottclßngen, Gro?ubach, Kcthfelden, Simmcrsfelden-, Spielberg, Under-JcttIngen,
^nd PFaltdorf, in the lad of which is a receiver's cfiice.
55. The town and dt\^n&. oi Liebefizell, containing
Zell OT Liebenzell, a fmall town, fituate in a narrow valley on the A'^7-
gold in the ancient Wiringau or Wurmgaii. On the Nagold without this
town are two warm baths called the upper and lower. In the year 1603
this place was exchanged with the Marggrave of Banden.
The diftriifl of Liebenzell includes the parilhes of Reichenbach and
Schemberg.
56. The town and diftricl of Sacbfenheim, containing
Great Sachfe!:hei?n, a fmall town, fituate betwixt the diftridls of Vayhingen
and Bietighei^n, vhich belonged to the family of Sacbjefiheitn, who were vaffals
to the counts of VayKmgen, but was ceded to the counts of IVurtembcrg^
who, in theyears 1471 and 1481, purchafed part of it, and in 1562, Bernhard
of Sachfenkeifn, the lafi: of his family, dying without male-heirs, the
who'e fiefs o^ Sachjerheim efcheated to the ducal houfe of Wiirtemberg. In
the ye?.r 1581, this little town and diftridl were united with the Wurtemberg
territories.
The difl:ri(ft confifts of three parifhes ; viz. Littk-Sachfenheim, Middle-
'Zimmern and the greatefi: part of Sajheim.
^j. Kof-f.gheim, a parochial-village, fituate not far from Great-Bottwary.
clofe by the river Neckar. This place contains a judiciary of its own and
produces excellent wine. It formerly depended as a fief on the earldom of
Vaybi::gen, and defccnded from the family of Eberjperg to that of Spet,
who on that account took their title from Kopfigimm, Lewis Spet dying in
the year 1550 without male heirs, Duke Ckrißopher oi Wiirternberg fhewed
an inclination for feizing the fief; but by agreement it went to his relation
Hans Lewis Spet, whofe fon fold the whole village, together with the caftle,.
in the year 1587,
to Duke Lewis for 53,000 florins.
58. The town and diftrift of Ludivigsburg, containing
Liidwigsburg, the fecond ducal feat and third principal town, which lies
not far from the fort of Afperg, betwixt Stuttgardt and Bietigheim. Towards
the beginning of the prefent century, in this place were no more
than two farms, named Erlach and Fuchß:of, which belonged to the convent
of Bebenhaufen. In 1704, Duke Eberhard Lewis built him a huntingfeat
here and called it Liidioigsbiirg. To this he afterwards added a ftately
building, which was compleated in the year 1733. In it are two chapels,
one confecrated, in 1721, for Roman Catholics, the other, built in 1748,
for Lutherans. The pidture-gallery here is very fine. In the pleafluit
garden too, which ftands oppofite to the old caftle, is a building called
Favorita. Near the caftle houfes have been gradually built, fo as at length.
to form a handfome town, which lies higher than the caftle and is the feat
of:

;
2o8' GERMANY. [Wurtemberg.
of a fpecial fuperintendency. In the manufadtory here is made a good cloth,
as alfo damafk Hnen and marbled paper. In the years 1727 and 1730, the
principal ducal colleges were removed hither ivom Stultgardt, but in 1733,
on the deceafe of Duke Eberhard Leivis remanded them back again to
that place. Ludwigsht/rg is the ufual fummer refidence of the ducal court.
The diftrid of Ludwigsburg confifts of nine parilhes in the following
places ;
viz.
Aldingen, a market-town, which devolved as a vacant fief to the ducal
houfe in the year 1747.
Geyfzingen and Heiitingß^eim, two little market-towns.
Hoheneck, a village, having the privilege of a particular reprefentative at
the provincial Diet. Its wine excellent.
Eghßxim, Koniioeßheim, Ncxkar-Beyhingen, which is a noble place
Neckar-Weyhingen, Ofweyl and PJlugelJdcn.
II. The ducal lands under the management of the chamber of finances,
which are the proper eftates of the reigning duke, and mufl: not be confounded
with the demefnes. Thefe are as follows ; viz.
Gomaringen, a parifl:i, not far from the boundaries of the territory belonging
to the town of Reutlingen.
Marfcbalken- Zimmern, a parochial-village and caftle, fituate not far from
Donihan, and formerly a fief of the lords of Lupfen.
Winnenthal, a caftle lying not far from Wcimbcrg.
Stetteniii Kamßhdl, within the circle of the diftrid: of Schorndor-f, a parochial
village and caftle formerly belonging to the family of Tbetg, who
fold it, in the year 1443, to Count Ulrich of IFurtemberg. In 1508, this
village was bequeathed to the family of Thumbs of Neuburg, who ceded it
in 1645; but, in the year 1664, one half of it devolved to the duke of
WiTtemberg, and the other in 1666, Tiwkc Eberhard Lewis made a prefent
of to his confort. This place produces excellent wine, the heft kind of
which is from its colour called BrodivaJJer, or water which has had a toaft
in it.
Hohen Karpfen, an old caftle with a large eftate belonging to it within
the diftridl oi Tuttlingen, and, in the year 1444, purchafed by the counts
of Wurtemberg.
Gochffx'i?n, anciently Gofzpolzheim, Gofzbißeim, or Gcfa^boizheijn, a fmall
town, fituate on the river Craich, with a ducal palace in it. Formerly this
place belonged to the counts of Eberßein, who held it originally as a fief
of the Eleftor-palatine, but afterwards Duke Ulrich of Wurtemberg having,
in the war with the Palatinate, in the year 1504, made himfelf mafter
thereof, held it in the fame manner of the ducal houfe of Wurtemberg. The
male ifl"ae of that houfe failing in the year 1660, the lord-paramount
•granted the little town and other fiefs to Maria Eleonora, widow of the laft
Count Cafimir, who was alfo born countefs of Saarbnicken, and to her
daughter

Wurtemberg.] GERMANY. 209
daughter Alhcrtina Sophia Eßher-, the latter of whom married to Duke
Frederick Augu/hts oilVurtemberg-Neitßadt ^ on whofe deccafe, which followed
in the year 1729, the fief fell to the reigning houfe, and in 1736
was alfo reckoned among the demefncs. The litde town and caftle here
v/ere laid in adies by the French in the year 1689, and in 1738 the former
was again conibmed by fire.
Freudentl.'dl, a manor, formerly belonging to the diflridl of Bejigheim
of which D.'ke Ulrich, in the year 1504, during the war with the Palatinate,
made himl'elf mafter. Afterwards it pafled through feveral hands,
and devolving at length to the countefs oi IFurden, came by agreement to
the ducal houfe in tiie year 1732.
JFttidlingen, a mean little town and feat {landing on the little river of
Lauter, which below it falls into the Neckar. The family of Werdnau
fold it in the year 1545 to Duke Ulrich for 29,000 florins.
Kongen, an opulent parochial village, feated on the other fide of the river
Neckar, over which in th.s neighbourhood lies a flone bridge. This place anciently
belonged to the counts o( Hohcnberg, and in 1336 was purchafed by the
counts of Aichelberg, from whom it defcended by inheritance to xh.tT'humbs
of Neuburg ; and in 1666 one half of it was purchafed by the ducal houfe
of Wurtemberg, and in 1739 alfo the other.
Neidlingen, a parochial -village, containing a feat lying beyond Kirchheim
and Weilheim, and formerly united to the earldom of Aichelberg. That
part of it pofiefled by the family of Freybcrg devolved to the ducal houfe of
Wurtemberg in the year 1596. It was afterwards parcelled into feveral fiefs,
and at length, on the deceafe of its owner Coftrad IFiderholds, was taken
as a fief and reckoned among the lands under the chamber of finances.
it belong the courts of Kandeck and Ochjwayigen.
Brenz, a market-town, fituate on the river Brenz, not far from the boundaries
of the Palatinate of Neuburg and once a Roman ftation. Since that
it has belonged to the Gufcm of Guffenberg, whofe debts obliging them to
part with it, Duke Frederick oi Wurtemberg, as principal creditor, with the
confent of the others, afiiimed it to himfelf, and in 1613, paid off the
debts to the full value thereof. Duke John Frederick conferred this place,
together with Weiltingen and a penfion of 15,000 florins, on his brother
Julius Frederick; but the Weiltingen line failing in the year 1705, and
Brenz efcheating by compadl to the reigning family, Duke_ Eberhard
Leivis annexed it to the demefnes.
Weiltingen, a market-town, with a feat in it, on the Wernitz, not far
from Dinkehbuhl, and originally belonging to trie counts of Oetingen,
who, in the year 1360, fold it to one of the name of Seckendorf ; and his
defcendants, in 1542, again difpofed of it to the lords of i&or/Vig-c''/;. Wolj'
William of Knoringen transferred it as a fief to Duke Frederick oi Wurtemberg,
who had advanced him money, and on the fudden deceafe of his
VoL.V. E e debtor
To

210 G E R M A N- r. [V/urtemberg.
debtor, in the )'ear 1616, aflumed it to himfelf ; on which, together with
Bref7Z; it became an appennage of TFafiJred duke of Wurtemberg^ whofe
male hne faihng in 1705, both places again efcheated to the reigning houfe.
Liehenßcin, a caftle fituate betwixt Lauff'en and Great-Boftivar, and, together
wich the villages oi Kalfeniueßejj and Ottntarßeini, fold and exchanged,
in the years 167^ and 167S, by the Liebenßei?! izmWy to the ducal houfe.
Stamhei?:^ a parochial-village, fituate betwixt Stuttgardt and Afperg, being
an ancient fief belonging to IVurte^nberg, which, together with Zazet:-
haufen, was purchafed in the year 1737 from the Sc/jerteis of Burienbach by
the houfe of Wurtemberg.
The lordOiip of Sterneck,
fituate betwixt the manors of Dornßetten and
Dornhan, belonged, as a- fief of TVurteinberg, firft to the family of Brcndeck,
afterwards to that of 0:r, and laflly to the counts of Athernbs, who,
in the year 1749, ceded it to the ducal houfe in exchange for the village of
Hifrlingen in the county oi Hohenberg. The caftle of Sterneck lies on the
river Haimbaeh. To it alfo belong the villages and hamlets of Weiden,
Braitemvi, Biifeniveiler, Gerativciler and TrcUenb.rg, Funifaal has been
already mentioned above in the diftriä: of Dorfiban.
Ocbfenbcrg, a fmall town, containing a feat, and which, together \v\rh.
the two parifhes of LcoTib'-cnn and Stcnienfeh, Zaberfeld and Mickelboch, lie
about the little river Zuber in the diftricl of Brackenhei?n, and were purehaled
of the family of Sternfels for three millions of fiorins.
Obf. The lordfhips of Welzheim and fuftingen are alfo lands fubjedr to
the chamber of finances, but the former of thele belongs to the Circle of
Fraucifiia, and the latter has both a feat and vote in the circle of Swabia.
in. The convents and manors belonging thereto, which before the Reformation
were under the direction of the prelates of thofe convents.
I . The convent of Maidbronn lies near the fource of the Salzbacks, which
formerly gave name to the country of Salzgati. This convent was founded,
in the year 1137, at Ekiveiler; but, in 1148, removed to the prefent
place. The Eleftors-palatine have always been its patrons and defenders;
but, in the year 1504, during the palatinate war, Duke Ulrich of J-Furtemberg
made himfelf mafter thereof, and alfo of the villages in its jurifdidtion.
In the year 1557, the firfl Lutheran abbot was appointed over it. At
prefent it is the feat of one of the two upper conventual fchools, in which
twenty alumni, fent from the convent of DenkendorJ, are further improved
by two profefibrs under the infpeöion of the abbot, who is always generalfuperintendant,
with eleven fpecial ones under him. In the year 1564, a
theological conference was fet on foot here betwixt the divines of the
Palatinate and Wurtemberg.
The conventual diflridl is of great extent, as containing in it twenty-four
Lutheran and four Proteftant pariflies. The former of thefe are
I. The

Wurtemberg.] GERMANY. 211
1. The parillies of Durmeiiz, or Du7-mwiz, and Muhlacker, v:\\o[q.
tninifters are alio fpecial fuperintendants of the diocefe of Upper-Maiilbronn.
2. Flacht, Great-Glatbach, lilmgcn, Iptingeiz, Lom^nerjheim, Oefchelbronn
and Kofzicaag, famous for its wine ; Weijjach, lViernß:eim, Wmbß.^eim and
Wurmberg, are pariflies of the upper diocefe of Maulbronn.
3. Knitlingen, a finall town in which the fpecial fuperintendant of the
lower diocefe of Maiilbroim refides. This place belonged formerly to the
family oi Bretheim ; but, in the year 1504, was, together with the convent
•of Maulbronn, feized by Duke Ulrich. In 1632, being furprized by the
Imperialijh, it was plundered w'ith the ilaughter of above 4000 perfons. In
the year 1692, it was laid in alhes by the Frc7ich, and, in 1734, pillaged.
4. Dieffhibach, Freudenflehi, Giindelbach, Kiefelbronn, Lienzingcn, Oelbronn,
Oefiß^eirn, Riiith, Schutzingeti, XJnder-Oe-wißeim, in which is produced
a rich red wine, and Zaferjiceyher, are pariflies belonging to the
lower diocefe oi Maidbroj^n. The feat of Elfingen^ not far from Ruifh,
is alfo noted for the excellencv of its wine.
5. The four Proteftant parifhes are, i. Dunnoiz, Schonenberg and Carres
; 2. Great and Liitle-Villars ; 3. Pinache 3.nd Serres -,
4. Lucer/i and
Barenthal.
2. The conventual manor of £A7z/i^^an7;. Of the convent an account is to
be found above under the article of the town of Blaubeuren. The conventual
manor here includes fix pariiLes ; which are Lantern, Machtolß:cim, Rothenacker,
Seijzheim, or Seijfen, and Weiler. Betwixt Seifzheim and Sontheivi is a
fpacious and very humid cavern, with a variety of figures in it in dropftone.
3. The convent of Anhäufen lies on the Brenz and has always been
annexed to the lordfliip of Heydenheim. It was founded in the year
1 12 ß at Langen-naw, near U/m, but afterwards removed to the prefent
place. Ever fince the year 1558, it has had a Lutheran abbot. Within
the conventual manor are four parillies ; I'iz. Detti7jgen and Heuchlingen,
though the latter lies partly in the manor of Heydeiiheim, Gußenßadt and
Mocklingen,
in which fome lordfliips lying without the dutchy have a fliare.
4. The convent of Herbrechtingen, alfo called Herwartingen and Hcrbertingen,
lies near the Brenz and was founded in the twelfth century. The
village of this name belonged to the S"s;abian dukes of Hohenßauß'en. The
Emperor Frederick I. having thoroughly repaired the convent, fettled a body
of Augußine Monks in it. Since the extindtion of the dukes of S-wabia, it
has always been looked upon as an appennage to the lordlhip of Heydenheim,
and ever fince the year 1555, its abbots have been Lutherans. The conventual
manor here confifts of the parillies of Hurben and EJelßurg.
5. The convent of Konigsbronn was founded, in the year 1302, by
King Albert at the village of Springe, which now is no longer known by
that name. In the year 1448, the counts o'i Helfenßein fold this convent,
which was of the Cißercian order, to Ulrich, count of Wurtembmg, as a
E e 2 dependency

212 GERMANY. [Wurtemberg.
dependency of the lordfliip of Hcydeiihelin, together with which it was again
ceded to Duke LVr.'VZ? in 1504. In the year 1521 it was mortgaged by
the Emperor Charles V. to the city of Ulm, and in 1536 redeemed. J

•
Wurtembcrg.] GERMANY. 213
the convent having been laid in aflies by the Freiuh, its academy was removed
to Deiikeruiorf. The conventual manor here includes the pariflies of
Friolßjeim, Schafhäufen, and Stanheim.
The priory of Reichenbach on the Murr, which has been incorporated
with this convent, contains a purveyor who receives and accounts for the
revenues thereof.
To this priory belongs the parifh of Scbwartzenberg.
10. The convent of S. Gorgen, or Jörgen, lies in the Schivarzioalde on the
river Brigach in a country which has for fome ages paft been here called
the Baar. It was founded about the year 1080. In 1567 it firfl: received
a Lutheran abbot. In 1634 it was ruined for the laft time, having never
fince been rebuilt. Near it is a village in which the duke oi JViirtemberT^
fleward lives, and to the conventual manor belongs the parifli of Miaichweiler.
Obf. About half a mile weft of this convent lies one of the fources of
die Danube,- called the Briege or Brigach.
1 1. The convent of Lorch, or Lieben Frauen Berg, ftands on a mountain
in the Rems beyond Schorndorf towards Gmünd, and takes its name from the
village of Lorch, in Latin Laureacwn, which lies below it, and formerly
belonged to the lords of Hohenflauff'en. Frederick duke of Swabia and his
fpoufe ^gnes pined in the foundation of it, and together with feveral other
members of the Hohtnjlauff'en family have their tombs here. On its diffolution
the advccatia, or patronage, with the jurifdidion thereof efcheated
to the houfe of Wurtembcrg. The firfl: Lutheran abbot here was fettled in
J 563. In this conventual diftridt are the pariflies oi Alfdorf, belonging to
the barons Von Holz, Frickenhofen and 'Taferoth.
12. The coxweni oi Alpirfpach lies in the Black-foreß, on the river Kiiizig,
being in 1095, and fince fucceffively under the adminiftration of the
dukes of Teck and the dukes of Urfzlingen, and laflly under that of the
counts of Wurtembcrg. In 1563 it obtained its firft L?itheran zhhot. In
the conventual diftrict here are eleven parilhes, namely Gaifzlifigen, which
is Catholic ; Hopfau, Lombach, Nordxveil in the Breifgau, which is alfo
Catholic ; Vpper-Tftingen, Pcterfzell, Kei?ihardlau, Rotbenberg, Schomberi-,
Wittendorf and Witterjhaufen. At Alpirfpach is alfo a mill, where cobalt
is prepared into fmaltj and at Konig/lern in the Reinerzau is a filvermine-work.
13. The convent of iierr^«*?/,!^ lies on the river Alb, not far from the
borders of the marggravate of Baaden. This convent was founded in the
year 11 48 by CownX. Berthold oi Eberjlein. In 1338 Count Ulrich of Wurtembcrg
became adminiftrator of it. In 1555 the firfl Lutheran abbot was
appointed over it. To this convent belong
I. The conventual diftriä: here, together with the parifh of Lofenai/y
which lies in it.
2., The diftrid of Dt7v//A/^w, on the. borders of the Palatinate, containing;

.
.214 ^
GERMANY.
[Wurtemberg;
in^ the pariilies of F>r?/^^////t7;7, Nusbohfn, and Upper-Acker. B^hahriicken is
a chapel of eafe to the parifh of GochJhei}?i.
3. The d'AnGc o^ Äle?-kli?igen, once belonging to the dukes of Deuxponts.
Merklingcn is a market-town. The other paridies belonging to this
.manor are Gechmgen^ Hanjen nader Wurm, Henglhtt, and Simnefjheim.
IV. Places out of the dutchy, in which the houfe of Wurtemberg enjoys
certain privileges or incomes, or which are fiefs of that dutchy.
I. The county of honvenßeiny fituate betwixt the dwXcXv^ oi Wurtemberg
and the covinty oi Hohenhhe, and beft exhibited in profefTor Helfe's map of
the Circle of Swabia. The ancient counts of Lowetißeifi were defcended
from the counts of Caho. The lafl: of this line was Count Lewis, who fold
the county for 14000 florins to the Eledor-palatine Frederick the ViSlorious,
whofe fon Lewis, by Clara of 'Tettingen, on the deceafe of his father, infircad
of the lordfhips bequeathed to him obtained from the Eledor Philip
the cownty o^ Lowenßei?j. The Emperor Maximilian I. in the year 1494,
promoted this Lexms to the rank of an Imperial count ; and he is the
founder of the prefent Princes and Counts oi Loivenflein-wertheim. In his
time duke Ulrich of Wurtemberg, during the Palatinate war, made himfelf
alio mafter of this county of Lowenßeif} : And though in 1510 it was returned
on the mediation of feveral Electors and Princes, yet was it on condition
that he fliould hold it
as a dependent fief.
The arms of the county are a lion gules. It is divided betwixt the
Princes and Counts of the houfe of Lowenßein-wertheim,
I. To the line of the counts belong
1. The little town and manor of Lowenflein.
2. The manor of Sulzbacb.
3. The Prince's line pofl^effes
1 The manor of Abftadt or Wildeck, in which is the caftle of Wildeck
and the market-town of Abftadt.
2. In the Imperial cities of Efzlingen, Giengen, Heilbronn, Ffullendorf,
Kentlingen, Kotbwcil, Spijr and Weail; Hingerloch, belonging to Hohe?i-
•zollern ; in Langenau, belonging to Ulm ; and in Wejtheim a dependency of
Hall; as alfo in Rofengarten and the Wurtemberg convents of Denkender/^
Blaiibeurcn, Herbrcchtingen, Alpirfpacb, S. Georgen, Lichtenftern, KonigsbroJin,
Maulbronn, Hirfau, Bebenhaufen, Anhaifen, and Murhard they have the'r
Rewards. In the Imperial town of Schwabifch Gmimdis. a Wurtemberg cfcorttrooper
-, and in Stotzifjgen, a place in the barony of Rackenitz, a bailiff.
3. Laflly, to this place belong the pariflies of Bibersfeld, Durnau,
Golzhaufen', Great-Afpach, Hochdorf, Bey Enzweyhingen ; MiSlhaufen on
the Enz, which is famous for a red winej Oppeniveiler., Pfumcni, and
Weiler in the Weinbergers thai.
'o'
Of

;
.
Baaden.] GERMANY. 21.5
Of the Marggravate of
E A A D E JV in general.
§. I. r\ F the marggravates of Baaden and Hochberg a very accurate map
^^ has been jointly drawn by Jchn Morell and Daniel Beuch, and
publiHied hy Blaeuw, 'JanJJon, Waeiberge^ Schenk and Valk ; which map
John Ulrich Moller reduced to a fmaller Icale.
§. 2. The marggravate oi Baaden lies on the eaftern fide of the Rhine
and is properly that traft of land betwixt the Pßnz and Schivarzbach, and
watered by the little rivers of Alb, Pfedderbach, Miirg, Saubach and Sulzbach,
all of which empty themfelves into the Rhine. The northern part
of this country, which lies betwixt the rivers Pßnz and Alb is called the
lower marggravate, or from the capital Durlach the marggravate of Baadcn-
Durlach, but all the reft the upper marggravate ; or from Baaden the capital
the marquifate of Baade?i-Baaden ; but to thefe marggraves belong alfo
other lands, which fliall be mentioned in the feque). Tlie whole marggravate
is a good country, abounding with corn, hemp, flax, bees-wax,
and wood.
§. 3. The Marggraves of Baaden are defcended from Herman II. fon to
Duke Berfholdl. of Zahringen, on whom was conferred the couniiv of i/(?erg. His fon Herman I. being faid to have taken upon him the original
title and arms of a Marggrave oi Baaden, that marggravate being the portion
of his fpoufe Judith, it is a common but miftaken notion that the title
of Hochberg was prior to that of Baaaen, The Marggrave Herjnan III. who
died in the year 1190, left behind him Herman IV. and Hnry. Of thefe
the latter founded the Hochberg line, which in the J4'th century was divided
into thofe of Hochberg and Saufen ;
but the Baaden Tne commenced in the
former. In the year 1503, the Marggrave Chrijhphcr of Baadern reunited
the two lines : But in his Tons Bernard and Erneß commenced two oth.r,
which ftill continue, viz. that of Baaden-Baaden and that of Baaden-
Durlach. The right of primogeniturefhip has long fince been introduced
in both, and religioufly obferved.
§. 4. The title of each of thefe lines is, Marggrave. of 5^

;
2i6 GERMAN T.
[Baaden.
mount emerald in a field or, and a rofe ruby with feeds faphlre in a field
pearl ; for the landgravate of Brifgau, a crowned lion ruby in a field pearl
for Rotcbi, a lion paflant ruby in a field ruby, and two fefies waved pearl
in a field azure ; iov :Baaden-lVeiler, xwhy, party per pale, topaz, with three
chevrons diamond; for Lahr, psAvl per JeJ/e ruby ; ioz Mahlberg^ a crowned
lion diamond in a field topaz.
§. 5. A compadl relative to their precedence at the Diet was entered into
in the year i 576, betwixt thefe marggraves and the dukes of Wiirtemberg
and Pomerania, and the landgraves of Hefe. Thefe have three votes in
the college of Princes. In the year 1397, they obtained from the Emperor
IVir.ajlaus, that their fervants, fubjcdts and vafi*als fhould not be liable, for
civil caufes, to be fued in any court except the Aulic ; and this privilege
waSj in the year 1442, confirmed by the Emperor Fr^ö'^m'/^ III.
Of the
Marggraves o/" Baaden-Baaden,
arid their
'Territories,
§.6. The upper marggravate of Baaden terminates weftward, on the
Rhine, and a fmall part of it lies on the weft fide of that river. North-weft
it is bounded by the lower marggravate of Baaden-Durlach ; eaftward by
the dutchy of Wiirtemberg and the county of Eberßein ; fouthward by the
Ortenau, and particularlv by Oberkirch and Oppenau, two manors belonging
to the bifliopric of Strafzburg, the diftrifl: of Ortenau and the manor of
Lichtenau, belonging to the Principality of Hejfe-Darmßadt . The lordfhip of
Mahlberg, which alfo belongs to this family, liesfomewhat higher up the
Rhine betwixt the Ortenau and the Brifgau.
§. 7. The defcent of the houfe of Baaden-Baaden, from the Marggrave
Bernard has been fhewn above. It was this Prince who introduced Lu~
theranijm into the marggravate. Of his two fons, Philihert and Chriflopher
III. the former died in the year 1639, and his fon Philip being in
his minority placed under the tutelage of the Duke of Bavaria, this Prince
took, advantage of it to fupprefs the Reformation in thefe parts. The
Marggrave Philip died (o early as the year 1588, and the dominions devolved
to E^it'^r^/, fon of the beforenamed Chrijlophcr III. who became a
convert to popery. During his abfence in 1595, Erneji Frederick, Marggrave
of Durlach, poflefled himfelf of the whole country ; and it was the
year 1629 before the Marggrave Frederick reftored it to William fon of
Edward, who alfo this fame year acquired the lordftiip of Mahlberg. His
fon Ferdinand Maximilian, in 1660, added alfo the county oi Eberßein to it
as a vacant fief: and his fon Lewis William diftinguifhed himfelf by his
military reputation. The Marggrave Bernhard Lewis William George, fon
to

.
Baaden.] GERMANY. 217
to the latter by his marriage with Maria Anna, a daughter of Adam
Francis Charles Prince of Schwarze?iberg, brought to his family the lordfliips
in Bohemia, defcribed in vol. iv. p. 88, 90, 92, 94.
§. 8, Baaden-Baaden in the college of Princes has one vote, but in feat
ranks with the other alternative Princes according to the ten ufual claufes,
though always with precedence to Baaden-Durlach and Baaden-Hochberg.
In the Circle of Swahia, by virtue of the upper marggravate, it has a vote
among the temporal Princes. The Marggraves of Baaden-Baaden and
Baaden-Durlach are alfo the chiefs of the fecond quarter of the Circle of
Sioabia. For this upper marggravate the Prince in the tnairicula of the
Empire is alTefled at twelve horfemen and twenty foot, or two hundred and
fixty-four florins ; and to the chamber of Wetzlar pays one hundred and
feventy-four florins, forty-four and a half rix-dollars.
§. 9. The principal colleges and offices of this Prince are the privycouncil,
the court of jufl:ice and treafury. His annual income, according
to Keyfzler, is 400,000 florins.
§. 10. The countries belonging to this principality are,
I. The upper marggravate of Baaden, which conhfl:s of the following
towns and diftridls, viz.
1
The united towns and diflirids of Raßatf. In it
Raßadt or Raßatt, the refidence of the Prince, and lying in a fine plain
called Raßadtheath near the river Murg, which, a little below it, fills into
the Rhine. The Marggrave Lewis William caufed it to be built with regularity
and elegance ; and had alfo begun a very fuperb palace here which
he intended for his refidence, but did not live to finifli it. Before thofe
improvements this place was but a village. In the year 17 14 a peace was
concluded here betwixt the Emperor and France.
Favorita, a feat ftanding about one hour's difiiance from Raßadt, and
built by the Marggrave Lewis William^ widow.
Kuppenheim, a little town feated on the river Murg.
2. The town and dliindioi Baaden. In it
Baaden, the capital of the upper marggravate, lies on the Oelbach
amidll: vineyards. Its name is derived from its celebrated hot-baths. In the
year 1688, this place was laid in aflies by the French^ at which time the
Prince's palace was alfo greatly damaged.
Lichtenthal, in Latin Lucida Vallis, a. nunnery of Cißercians, anciently
the place of interrment to the Marggraves.
3. The town and diftridl of Ettlingen, which is a fmall place fituate on
the river Alb. In it is
Daxlanden, a large village feated on the Rhine, the lad place, to the
north, of the upper marggravate.
4. The diftriit of Steinbach, which takes its name from
Steinbach, a little town.
Vot. V. F f 5. The

21
8
GERMANY,
C- The diflrlift of Biihcl and Grofchveier, containing
Bube/, a market-town.
[Baadcn.
Jfflmball, a village, the neighbourhood of which produces a very good
wine.
In
Grcfcbiücier,
a feat and villsge.
6. The little town and d;ftiicl: oi Siollhcftn, together with Sibtvarzacb.
it
StoUboffen, a little town lying not far from the Rhi)ie. At the beginning
of the war for the Spanjßj fucceffion, a line was thrown up from thence
caftward to the Black-foreß and up the Rljine towards Pbilipßurg, which
the Frencb attacking in 1703, were repulfed with great {laughter.
Scbwarzacb, an abbey of BencdiBines, fituate betwixt Stollboffen and
LLbtenau. To this abbey belongs a manor containing in it eleven villages
befides the market-town of Schivarzacb. The fovereign thereof is the
Prince of Banden.
7. The town and diftrift of Belnbclm on the weft fide of the Rbiney
fituate in Lower-Alface, and containing
Beinbeim, a little town which formerly belonged to the lords of FleekenjUin.
Lcitenbcim, a village ; and Rechwag, an inn.
II. The diftrid of Kehl. In it
Kebl, a village feated oppofite to the city of Strasburg, and one half of
it belonging to a religious foundation in Strasburg for the fupport of the
ftrudture of the grand cathedral there ;
but the management of it is lodged
in the magiftracy. Of the other half one quarter belongs to Banden-Baaden,
and the other to the lords of Bocket. Within its jurifdidion ftands
the ruinated
Imperial fortrefs of Kebl, which was built on the following occafion.
Formerly, when Strasburg was an Imperial city, its bridge was defended
by forts on both fides the river. In the year 1678, the French laid fiege to
that on this fide the Rhine, and which from the village of Kebl was called
Fort Kebl. Having taken it by ftorm, they razed it. Hereupon the village
o( Kebl was removed, and a fort built at the conflux of the Kinzig into the
Rhine which is ftill called Kebl. At the peace of Reyfwick, in the year
1697, this fort being ceded to the Emperor and the Empire, it was declared
an Imperial fortrefs. But the ground belonging to it the Emperor
conferred as a fief on the houfe of Baaden-Baaden, referving ftill the
right of placing a garrifon in it to the Empire. In the year 1733 it was
taken by the Frencb. On the firft oi OSlober 1754, on account of its ruinous
condition, the Circle of Swabia with-drew a body of troops which were
quartered there, on which the Marggrave of Baaden-Baaden caufed the
garrifon to be replaced by his circular contingency ; and referred to the Empire
what meafures it would take with regard to the right of garrifoning,
which had been referved to it..
HI. The.

Eaaden,] GERMANY. 219
III. The diftrid: oi Stauffenberg in the Ortenau, fituate betwixt the towns
of Oberkirch and Gengenbach.
IV. The lordfliip of Mahlberg, the fituation of which is defcribed above
(§, 6.) and which formerly belonged to the lords of Geroheck. On the
death oi Henry, the laft of the lords of the line oi Lahr, in the year 1426
it devolved to his heirefs Adelheida, fpoufe to Count 'John of Mor% and Saarnverden
: On the failure of this branch the lord(hip, as being the portion of
Katherine heirefs of Saarwerden defcended to yohn Lewis count of Naffau,
and in 1629 came by agreement to the houfe of Baaden-Baaden. In it are
the following places, viz.
Mahlberg, a little town and feat containing a convent of Capuchins.
Kippenheifn, a conliderable market-town : Together with
The large villages of Kippenheim weiler, Sulz, Heiiigenzell, Oberweier^
Friejenheitn, Vpper-Schopfen, Schutlerzell, Dundetiheim, Ichenheini,
Kürzel, and Wagenßatt.
Ottenheim,
Obf. Exclußve of the lordrtiips in Bohemia of which mention has been .
made above (§. 7.) this family alfo poffelTes the manors of Ortenau, and
Rodalben in the lordfhip of Graffenßein, as alfo the lord (Lip of Rodemachern
in the dutchy of Luxemburg, with a confiderable part of the county of iS^o/zheifn,
defcribed in vol. iv. and the lordiliip of Eberflein, which occurs in its
order in the Circle of Swabia.
Of the Marggrave of Baade n-D u r l a c h and
his
'Territories.
^. II. The lower marggravate of Baaden terminates to the weft on the
river Rhine; fouthward on the upper marggravate of Baaden, the convent
of Frauenalb and the dukedom of JVurtemberg ; eaflward on the fame dukedom,
and northward on the biflioprick of Spire. The marggravate of
Hochberg lies in and along the Brifgau. The upper marggravate of Durlach,
as it is called, which confifts of the three lordlliips of Röteln, Saufenberg
and Baadenweiler, lies betwixt the Rhine, the Brifgau, and the four
foreft-towns towards 5^/.
^. 12. The prefent houfe of Baaden-Durlach is defcended as abovementioned
from Marggrave Ernejl, who embraced the Proteflant religion,
and whofe fon Charles II. completely fettled it in his dominions ; and alfo
removed the refidentiary feat from Pforzheim to Durlach, and there built
the palace of Karlsburg.
Frederick V. his grandfon by his fon George Frederick,
was by his fourth wife Anne Maria, daughter to James the laft
lord of Hohen-Gerolzeck and Sulz, appointed heir to all her eftates, which
confifted principally in the allodial lands of FIohen-Gerolzeck, and a large
claim on the counts of Nafjau. His fon FrederickW. in the year 1664,
F f 2 obtained

220 GERMANY, [Baadeu.
obtained from the Emperor the title of Illußrious. His ion Frederick the
Great rebuilt Durlach and the caftle of Karhburg, both which had ibeen
ravaged and de(l;royed by the French ; and hberally encouraged the refugees
of that nation who fled into his country. He was fucceeded by his ion
Charles William, who undertook the rebuilding of a new refidentiary city
cdWcd Karljrnhe, i. e. Charles's Reß ; and on the 17th of June 17 15, on
occalion of laying the foundation-ftone for the palace, inftituted the order of
Fidelity. As he was fucceeded by his fon Frederick, fo was the latter alfo
by his fon Charles Frederick.
§.13. The Marggrave of Baaden-Durlach enjoys two votes in the college
of Princes, viz. one for the lower marggravate of Baaden, the other
for the marggravate of Hochberg ; and votes next to Baaden-Baade?!.
Among the Princes in the diet of the Circle of .S-zc-vf/^/'^, thefe countries likewife
entitle him to two votes. His affeffment in the matricula of the Empire
formerly amounted to twenty horfe and fifty-three foot, or four hundred
and fifty-two florins ; but in the year 1683 it was reduced to three
hundred and two. To the chamber of Wetzlar he pays one hundred and
feventy-four rix-dollars forty-four kruitzers and a half.
§.14. The great colleges here hold their feffions at 'Karknihe, and thefe
from the privy-council, the court of juftice, the ecclefiaftical council, the
matrimonial-court, the chamber of accounts, and the treafury.
§. 15. The reigning family and the country in general profefs Lutheranijm
; but with toleration of Proteftants, Catholics, and Jews.at Karlfruhe:
The former have alfo their meetings at Waljch-Neureuth and Friderichfthal.
The whole country oi Baaden-Durlach contains in it one hundred and
twenty parifbes, which are under the infpeftion of the feven fuperintendants
of Pforzheim, Di^rlach, Karlfruhe, Fmmcndingen, Mülheim, Lörrach
and Schöpfen. The general fuperintendency here has been fupprefTed.
§. ]6. In Keyfzkrs travels the revenue of the Prince is computed at
400,000 florins.
§. 17. His territories are,
I. The lower Marggravate of Baaden, containing
1. The upper diflrid of Karlfruhe, being one continued plain without
either hill or eminence, and every where fandy, for which reafon it is alfo
called the Hart. It produces neverthelefs corn, hemp, flax, turneps, peafe
and other vegetables j and the villages along the Rhine abound in hay and
breed great numbers of catde, bcfides which they enjoy the conveniency of
good fi(heries in the Rhine. The Hartwald lies in the middle of the diftri(5l
betwixt the rivers Pfitjz and Alb, and reaches from Graben to Muhlburg,
which is four hours in length. To this upper diflriä: belongs Karlfruhe,
2l. regular built town in the Hartwalde, and owing its origin in the
year 17 15 to the .Marggrave Charles, who chofe it for his refidence. The
tower of the main building of the palace here commands a view not only of
aU

Baaden.] G E R M A N T, 221
all the main üreets of the town, -but aHb-ofiwerrty-^ve visa's,
fome ofwhicb
are planted in order to heighten the beauty of the piofped, and others
eat through the Hart-wald. 'In it is a fpeciiil fuperintendency and a gy/miafium
:illußre, .which was firft founded .in the year 1 583 at Durlacb as a common
fchool ; but in 1596 railed to z gymnafium illujlre. In xXin gvnina/iitm
are eight mafters, the four fii-ft of \vhom are ftiled profcllbrs. Exclulive
too of the court and the churches .'in -the town belonging to the Lutherans,
the Proteftants and Catholics have each of them theirs, and the y

2 22 GERMANY. [Baaden.
Gretz'ingen, a parochial village feated on the Pßiz, and much refortcd
to for the Prince's delightful palace and gardens there.
The parochial villages of Berghaufen, or Barkhaujen, in which is alfo a
pretty hunting feat belonging to the Marggraves, and Sellingen, both lying
on the Pßnz.
JVolfertfiüeier and Rippurg; in the laft of which is an old caftle.
Miinzeßeim, a parochial village containing a feat, is a fief of the Marggraves
held by the barons of Munzeßdcim.
Hohcniuettersbach, formerly Durrenwettersbach, a rich farm.
3. The upper diftridt of P/orz^m«. In it
Pforzheim, a town feated on the Entz, which at this place receives the
Nagold and IVurm. Pforzheim was formerly the refidence of the youngeft
branch of the Marggraves. In it is a fpecial fuperintendency, a grammarfchool,
and an orphan-houfe, and in the year 1689 it was deftroyed by the
French.
The parochial villages of Baufchlott, Brotzingen, Dietlingen, Dum, Elviendingen,
Eutingen, Eyfzingen, Huchenfeld and Weifjenßein ; together with
JJpriiigen, Langenalt, and Nieffern, hamlets.
4. The diftricl of Stein and Langenjleinbach. In it
Stein, a. market-town and feat.
The parochial villages of Konigibach, Upper and Under-Wofzingen, Nottingen,
Itterfpach, Remchingen, containing a feat ; ?.nd Gobrichen.
Langenjleinbach, a market-town, with a feat in it and warm-baths.
II.
The Maggravate of HocHBERG or Hachberg, forms an upper-amf,
or Prefeclurate of itfelf, and is divided into four quarters; viz.
1. The Emmendingen quarter, to which belongs
Hochberg, a very ancient caftle.
Emmendingen, a little town fituate on the EIz, and where in the year i 590
a fruitlefs conference was fet on foot betwixt the Catholic and Lutheran divines.
In this town is a fpecial fuperintendency, and its neighbourhood
produces excellent wine.
The parochial villages of Ottofchioanden, or Ottetfchwangen, Reppenbach,
Sexau, Langcn-Denzlingen, Vorßatten or Vorenftetten, and Gundelßngen.
Sulzburg, a little town lying betwixt Heiterß:eim and Baadenweiler, and
noted for a very good red wine. Near it are the villages of Ballrechten and
Dettingen, which alfo belong to this quarter.
2. The Malterdingen quarter comprehends the parochial villages of Malterdingen,
Kondringen, Mundingen and Broggingen.
3. The Eichßatten quarter contains in it the parochial villages of Eichfetten,
Bozingen, Nymburg, Balingen and Tbeningen.
4. The Weifweiler quarter, in which are the church-villages of Weifircil
on the Rhine, Konigfchafhaufen and Leifelheim, or Lif'elen, Bifchqffingen,
Bickenfokl, Ihringen and Brechthal,
I
III. The

.
Baaden.]
GERMANY.
III. The upper Marggravate of Durlach, as it is called, produces the
beft wine in this country, which is therefore diftinguiOied by the name of
223
Marggravate-'wine, and properly confifts of the three following lordfhips, viz.
I. The lordlhip of Röteln, formerly having lords of its own who hore
the title thereof; and on the extinäion of thele it eibhe.ited to the Mirc^graves
of Hochberg. In conjundion with the lordfihip of Saulenbcr'r it makes
one government, and conlifts of thirteen -vogteys, or bailiwicks, viz.
1. The bailiwick of Tbimbringen, oh a hill, in whicli is the ruinated
caflle oi Röteln, and at the foot of it lies the village o^Thumbrinnren.
2. The bailiwick of Z/Orr^f/i, containing
Lörrach, a little town, in which is a fpecial fuperintendency and a granimar-fchool.
Crenzach, a parochial village lying above Bafil near the Rhine.
3. The bailiwick oi Riminken.
4. The bailiwicks and pariilies of Wollbach and Weil.
5. The bailiwick of Haltingen, in which is
Haltifjgen,
a parochial village.
Fridlingen, a caftle feated on tht Rhine, near which in 1702 a (harp encounter
happened betwixt the hnperialißs and the French.
6. The bailiwick and pariüi of Eymeldingen.
y. The bailiwick of Kirchen and Reidbach.
8. The bailiwick of Schöpfen, in which is Schopßjeim, or Schöpfen, a
fmall town feated on the river of Wifen, and containing a fpecial fuperintendency.
9. The bailiwicks and parifhes of Weitenau, Stein and Tegernau.
2. The landgravate of Saufenberg, which, as before obferved. in conjundion
with the lordfhip of Röteln makes one government, and conlifts
of eight bailiwicks; but the caftle ofthat name is dcmolilhed. The
bailiwicks in it are,
1 The bailiwick and parifli of T'annenkirch.
2. The bailiwick of 5A7;2//;7g-£';z ; to which belongs
Candern,
a market-town, containing iron-works.
3. The bailiwick of Upper-Eckenheim, in which are the parochial villagesof
Upper and hoiner-Eckenheim.
4. The bailiwick of Welmlingen.
5. The bailiwick and parities o{ Holzen, Feldberg and Vcgclbach.
6. The bailiwick and parifh of y^Zi-^^g-m.
7. The famous inn of Kalte Herberg.
3. The lordfliip of Badewweiler, formerly belonging to the counts of
but transferred by Count 'John in the year 1 444 to the Marggrave
Freyburg,
Rudolph of Hcchberg. This lordfhip forms a diftind; government, to which
belong nine bailiwicks,
iiiz.
I. ThthdixYvNidk ci Badenweilerj containing
BadanveileTy

'
224 G E R M A TT T, [Hohen zollern»
Baäeivweller^ a caftle feated on a mountain, and deriving its name from
a warm bath near it. Subjedl to this caftle are
The villages of Upper and Lower-JVeiler, in which are fome iron-works;
2. The bailiwick of M«/Mw, containing
Mülheim, a market-town, in which is a fpecial fuperintendency.
3. The bailiwicks and parifhes of Britzingen, Hugelheim, Buckingen,
Lauffcn, Mengen and Opfingen.
4. The bailiwick of JVolJaiiveiler, containing the parochial villages of
IFolJenweiler and Hajzlach.
The Country belonging to the Prince of
HOHENZOLLERN,
§. i.'TpHE country of Hehenzollern is principally furrounded by the
-*
dutchy 0I iVurtemberg, by the lower county of Hohenberg belonging
to Aujlria, the lordfhips of Haigerloch and Urochtelfingen in the
territories of Furßenberg, and the county of Sigmaringen. Weflward it terminates
on the upper county o[ Hohenberg belonging to Außria; and eafl:-
ward on fome towns and diftrifts belonging to the fame province; as alfo
on thofe of Wurtemberg, Furßenberg and T'ruchfefz. The lordfliip of Haigerlocb
is environed by the county of Hohenzollern, the dutchy of Wurtemberg
and the county of Hohenberg belonging to Aiiflria, Thefe countries
are all of tolerable fertility and watered by the Danube, which runs through
the county of Sigmaringen, where it receives the little river of Lauchart j
as alfo by the rivers Eyach and Starzell, which fall into the Neckar.
§. 2. iPafling over the obfcurities of the origin of the very ancient family
o{ Hohenzollern, we Ihall only obferve that in the fecond half of the twelfth
century, in which Count Conrad {(or in all appearance he wasthefirft Burggrave)
obtained the burggravate of Nurnburg, it was divided into two
branches, of which the Burggrave branch attained to the Eledlorate of Brandenburg
and the crown of Prußia ; but the Hohenzollern branch continued
in the country of Zollern. Count Charles, who died in 1 576, is the founder of
the prefent united houfe of ZoUern ; and on the 24th of January iS75y ^^
Sigmnringen, made a formal incorporation of the ZoUern territories. From
his fon Frederick IV. is defcended the Hohenzollern-Hechingen family, and
from his fon Charles II. that of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, which ftill fublifts.
"John George of the Hechingen line was in the year 1623 promoted by
the Emperor to the rank of Prince,, in behalf of himfelf and the perpetual
firft-

Hohenzollern.] GERMANY. 225
firft-born of the family : and on the 30th oi June 1653, his fon Freda-ick
was introduced into the council of Princes. Prince Frederick William in the
year 1692 obtained from the Emperor Leopold the title of Prince to all the
younger brothers of his houfe, which in 1750 became extindl, and the
Ibvereignty of the country devolved to Prince Jofeph William Francis,
fon to
Count Hermann Frederick, and brother to that Prince. The Sigmaringen
line has been fliewn above to be derived from Count Charles II. who died
in the year 1606. His (on John, in 1623, was created a Prince of the Empire,
and his fon Prince Meinardl. left two fons behind him whofe virtues
and accomplifliments did honour to their high birth, I'iz. Maximilian,
who continued the reigning line, and Francis Antony, from whom is dcfcended
the collateral line of Haigerloch.
§.3. The before-mentioned Princes Eitel Frederick of the Hcchingen
and Meinard I. of the Sigmari?igen line, by the Emperor's permiflion, entered
into an agreement that the title of Prince fliould be confined to the
iirfl-born reigning lords of their houfe ; and that the other children fliould
be only counts, although as is fliewn above. Prince Frederick William m
the year 1692 obtained a grant from the Emperor, by which the title of
Prince was extended to all the younger children of his houfe ; notwithllanding
which all the fifters of tlie reigning Prince of Hohenzollern, Hechingen
excepted,
are ftiled countefles.
§. 4. The Princes of Hohenzollern are hereditary chamberlains of the
holy Roman Empire, which office by virtue of the agreement made by
Count Charles in the year 1575 (§. 2.) is always to belong to the firft-bora
of the family, who receives the inveftiture of it from the Eleftor of Brandenburg
; but may make over his right to any other of his family. By virtue
of the compadl and the incorporation of the inheritance made at Niirnber'gÄn
the years 1692 and 1695 with the Eledor of Brandenburg, they
flile themfelves Burggraves of Nürnberg, as the Eleäoral houie of Brandenburg
inferts Hohe?izollern among its titles. The county o( Hohenzollern,
together with all its regalia, privileges and appurtenances, is an abfolutely
free and independent property ; and the fame is aflerted by the Princes of
Hohenzollern with refped to the county of Sigmaringen, in oppofition to the
houfe ol Außria, which has long aimed at the fovereignty th.ereof; and
aflually difpofes of the
counties of Voringen and the lordlhip of Haigerloch
as fiefs. Of the Emperor and Empire the Princes hold only the criminal
jurifdidlion and an impoft for the office of the Schultheijfen (a kind of judge)
in the Lnperial town of Reutlingen. Both lines of this family are Roman
Catholics.
§. 5. The titles of the reigning Princes of both lines runs thus, "viz.
Prince of Hohenzollern, Burggrave of t^mnhtrg, Count of Sigmaringen and
Voringen, LW c/ Haigerloch ^w// Wohrftein, and Hereditary Chamberlain
of the Holy Roman Empire. The arms for Zollern, are quarterly, diamond
*
Vol. V. G g
and

2 26 GERMANY. [Hohenzolleni.
and pearl. For Sigmaringen, a flag or, on a hill emerald, in a field pearl;
and for the office of hereditary chamberlain, a faltire of two fceptres.
§. 6. In the college of Princes HchenzoUern has but one vote, which is
given by the reigning Piince of HobenzoUcrn-Hechingen, and betwixt the
votes of Avcmbcrg and Lotkoivitz. In the Diet of the Circle of Swabia,
ench reisnine Prince has a vote. The afleflrnent in the inatricula of the
Empire for Hechingen and Haigerloch is fix horfe and twenty foot, or one
hundred and fifty-two florins, namely, ninety-five for ät/j//;^^;/, and fifty-feven
for Haigerloch ; Woringcn and Sigviaringen are rated at one hundred and
thirty-eight liorins ; but Wohringen being a dependency of Aiißria, and
Sigmaringen claimed alfo by the archducal houfe thereof, this article does
not take place. To the chamber of Wetzlar, Hohenzolle7-n-Hcchivg(7i pays
forty-three rix-dollars twenty-five and a half kruitzers ; and Hühenzollern
Haigerloch and Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen the like fum ;
exclufive of certainarticles
in the matricida concerning the lands of Werdenberg and Tengennellenburg,
but thefe are are of no efFedt.
§. 7. Each reigning Prince has a council and treafiiry. The yearly income
of the Prince of HchenzoUern Hechingen is computed at 30,000 florins,
and that of HohettzoUern Sigmaringen does not exceed this fum.
"Tfse: 'Territories of the Reig7iing Prince qJ
Hohenzollern-Hechingen, are
The princely county of //öi!f«2;o//cr»,
containing
Hohenzollern, the patriarchal houfe of the family, and a fortification,,
which was defl:royed in the year 1423, but rebuilt by Count Lewis Nicholas^
Hechingen, the refidence of the Prince, lies on the river Starzel. In it is
an abbey dedicated to St. James.
Not far from the town lies a convent of Francifcan Friars, called
St. Luzen, and betwixt Hechingen and HohenzoUern is Stetten, a village
which is a dependency of the parirti of Hechingen, and contains in it a Dominican
nunnery called Maria Gnadenthal or the Vale of Mary % Grace.
GroJJelfingen, a market-town and parifh.
Rangendingen, a parochial-village, having in it a nunnery of Dominicani
called the White Society.
The parifhes oi Boll and Steinhofen.
The villages of Burladingen and Gaufelfingeuy which conftitute one
parifli.
The village of Killer giving name to the vale thereof.
Starzel and Haufen,
v/hich form one parifh : As alfo
The parilhes of Stein, Weilheim^ fungingeriy 'Thanheim^ Owingen, Stetten
wader Hollßein, and Wulflingen^ The

-Lindau.] GERMANY, 227
The reigning Prince of HohenzoHern-Sigmari}igen poflefles,
1. The county of Sigmari?2ge?2, which on the extindion of the counts of
Werderiberg efcheated to the empire, and was conferred by the Emperor
Charles V. on the houfe of Hohenzollern, for which reafon the houfe of
Außria claims the fovereignty of it. To it belongs
Sigmari?igen, the Prince's refidence, which lies on the Danube.
The parochial villages of Sigmaringe?:, Krancbenwifai^ Haufen and Langen-
Enßingen.
Habßally a nunnery of Dominicans.
Laitz and Gornheim, nnnntx\t% of Francißans.
Inzhoßen, an Augußine nunnery.
Bingen, a village, the greateft part of which belongs to the houfe of
Hornftein, but the houfe of HohenzoUern-Sigmaringen enjoys the criminal
and forefl: jurifdidlion, and likewife the fovereignty of the roads.
Obf. The prefent ftate of the county of Voringen or Veringen, has been
briefly exhibited in vol. iv. in the territories belonging to the houfe of Auflria
in Swabia. The Princes of Hohenzollern bear it in their title. But the
line of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen enjoys as fiefs under Außria the parochialvillages
of Voringen, lying near the town ofthat name; together with Benzingen
and Harthaufen auf der Scheer.
2. The lordfliips of Haigerloch and Wohrftein, conftituting an upper-amf,
or government. Thefe anciently belonged to the counts of Hohenberg, from
whom they devolved to the houfe of Auftria, which towards the clofe of
the 15th century exchanged it with that of Hohenzollern for the lordfliip of
Rakunz. To it belong
Haigerloch., a fmall town feated on the little river of Eyach, with
The parifhes of Gruel, in which is s. nunnery of Dominicans, and thofe of
Zimmern, Stetten, Biete)ihaufen, Ejnpßngen, Hardt, Teißngen, Weildorf,
Heffendorf Fifchingen, Immnau and Kilbcrg, Kirchberg or Kilcliberg, a Dominican
nunnery.
ne
Princely Abbey of
L I N D A U,
§, I. np H E free fecular foundation in the Imperial city of Lindau on the
Bodenfee, or lake of Coftanz, is an immediate foundation of the
Empire, the abbefs whereof is a Princefs, and ever fince the time of the
Emperor Frederick III. ftiles herfelf fo. In the Imperial Diet flie holds
the firft; feat. Among the abbefles on the Siaabian bench of prelates, and
in the Diet of the Circle of Swabia, üie enjoys at prefent both feat and voice
on the fecular bench of Princes betwixt Hohenzollern Sigmarifigen aiid
G g 2 Buchau ,

;
228 GERMANY. [Lindau,
Buchau ; though alternately with the latter, by virtue of an agreement
entered into in the year 1697, to that purpofe. But both in his own name
and that of the bench of prelates, the precedence of this abbey is difputed in
the Diet of the circle and other public aflemblies by the abbot of Salman-
Jweil. This oppofition, however, is no lefs ftrenuoully oppofed by the
abhefs. The afieflrnent of the abbey, in the mafricuia of the Empire, was
formerly five foot or twenty florins ; but, in the year 1682, an abatement
was made of thirteen florins, infomuch that it is now reduced to feven. To
tlie chamber at Wetzlar it is rated at fifty rixdollars, fixty-four kruitzers.
§. 2. The origin of this abbey is not precifely known, nor has it yet
been made to appear, that in the ninth century there was, on an ifland in
the lake of Coftinvz, on which now ftands the tovv^n and abbey of Lindau^
any convent of that name. The opinion of Conringius, which is efpoufed
by others, carries much more probability with it ; viz. that the abbey here,
towards the beginning of the tenth century, was removed to the ifland from
the convent oiWajferburg, and for the greater fecurity thereof built contiguous
to the town of Lindau. About the beginning of the feventeenth
century, the abbey fignified that it could produce a charter from the Emperor
Leivis, bearing date in the year 866, and containing a grant from
Adelberg, count of Rorhbach, of the whole country of Lindau, with the
Emperor's confirmation of the faid grant to the abbey, together with the
dignity of Prince. But many learned writers, both Catholics and Protefl:-
ants, have demonftrated the falfity of this inftrument.
§. 3. Inflead of a difl:ri(fl, this abbey has only fome diftind farms, moft
of which are fubjeft to the jurifdictien of the Imperial town of Litidan
neither can it lay any impofl: on its own vaflals, they being in that refpedl
fubjedl to other lordlhips. It has, however, feveral houfcs and eftates belonging
to it in the Imperial town of Lindau which pay rent to the abbey,
as lying on its grounds. Every abbefs alfo has a privilege, on her acceffion
to her government of the abbey, of releafing the firft malefador that
is capitally condemned within the jurifdidion of the city. On the other
hand, the abbeffes are to be free of the town, and the council may
caufe the alarm-bell to be rung in the flecple of the abbey. The houfe of
Aujlria is patron of this abbey, in token of which it prefents its adminirtrator
or jufticiary every year with a certain quantity of wine inflead of
protedion-money ; and the wine itfelf is called protedion-wine. In the:
year 172.8, both the abbey and town oi Lindau fuffered greatly by fire.
The

Buchau.] GERMANY. 229
7he Princely-Abbey
HAU,
of
B U C
§. I. 'TpHE abbey of Buchau y in the Imperial town ofthat name, is faid-
-* to have been founded towards the beginning of the tenth century
by a lady named Addhida. The abbefs hereof, who has the fame Uberty of
marrying as the Capitulariam, or Canoncßes, is a Princefs, and ftyled fuch,
of the holy Roman Empire, as alfo abbefs of the Imperial, princely and
fecular free abbey of Buchau and St7-afzberg, and the Capitularians muH: all
be either daughters of counts or barons. In the Diet the abbefs lits and
votes on the bench of the prelates of the Rhine betwixt the abbeffcs oi ElTrn
and Hcrvorden, and likewife on the bench of the counts and lords of
Swabia, on account of the lordfliip of Sirafz-berg ; and in the Diet of the
circle of Swabia, on the bench of Lay-princes btivf\xi Lindau and Then^cti;
but in the fubfcription of the refolutions of the circle of 1.6 l6, fne (lands'
among the prelates after Salmanficcil -, and it is on this that Salmaiifweil
grounds its oppofition to the precedency of Buchau, as is already (liewn under
the article of Li7idau. In the matricula of the Empire this abbey is
afleffed at two horfemen and fix foot, or forty-eight florins ; and to the
chamber at Wetzlar \x. pays forty-eight rixdoliars fifty-four kruitzers.
§. 2. In the year 1376, this abbev was taken by the Emperor CbarlesW ..
under the particular patronage and protection of the Empire, widi an immunity
from all delegated power ; and the bifliop of Coßanz, with the prelate
of Kempten,, are Imperial commiflioners, or adminiftrators of the revenues
thereof'.
§. 3. To the abbey belong
1. The lordfhip of Strajzberg, which lies betwixt the dutchyof /^«r/^/;/-
iergy the upper-county of Hohenberg appertaining to Auftria, as alfo the
county of Voringen. This lordfliip has been the property of the abbey for
many centuries, but, in the year 1345, was conferred as a fief on the
{2imi\y oi Reifchach, and, in 1429, on Hans Schicallern znd his heirs. In
the year 1508, it was conferred on the family of Honburg, and, in 1533,
on that of Weßerßetten. George Diterich oi Weflerßetten dying in the year
1622 without male-ifilie, the fief returned to the abbey, which ever fince
that time has retained it in its own hands ; and on this account had a- Ions
difpute with the Imperial nobility of the quarter of the Hegau, Algau-, and
about the lake o^Coßanx, concerning the colledfions which the noblefle would
have committed to their fidelity ; but the abbey has ever levied them itfelf
and paid them into the chefl of the circle. This lordfliip is fubjeä. tO'
the;

230 GERMANY. [Thengen.
the adminlftration of a high-fteward, or prefeft, appointed by the abbey»
and contains
Strafzberg, a fmall town and caftle fituate on the Scbf^icb.
The villages of Frohnßetten and Kayferwgen, together with the glafsmanufaöory.
In the towns oii\\tSulgau and Mengen, though belonging to Außria, it
poflefTes the advowfon of the parifhes, befides certain rights and cafualties,
for which it maintains a bailiff" in each of thofe places. It prefents alfo to
the pari(hes of Durnau, Ertingen, Kanzach, Bitzweiler, Mietingen. Braunenweiler,
Uigendorf, Ogeljpeyren, RenhardJ'cJpweiler and Morbach ; all which
lie in the neighbourhood of Buchau.
l^he
Princely-County of
1* H E N G E N.
§. I. T lES in the Hegau, betwixt the landgravate of Baar, belonging to
the Prince of Furßenberg, Bhimenfeld, a manor of the Teutonic
order, and the Siviß canton of Schaffhaufen. This lordfhip the Emperor
Charles V. purchafed for himfelf in the name of his brother the Archduke
Ferdinand, inthe year 1 542, of Chrijiopher Count of Thengen, for 83 10
florins ; and it was annexed to the landgravate of Neuenbürg : but the
Emperor Ferdifiand III. transferred it to the younger branch of the line
of Pancrace of the noble family of Aversberg, or Aursberg, under the title
of an immediate Imperial princely county. John Weichard, firft Prince of
Aursberg, was, in the year 1654, admitted into the college of Princes;
and, in 1665, by virtue oi Thengen, into the bench of Lay-princes in the
Diet of the circle of Swabia \ and in the Imperial matricula fubfcribed to
an affeffrnent of feventy-fix florins ; but the family faihng in their payment
of the fubfidiesof the circle, in the year 1698 were deprived of their vote;
upon which it came to a compromife, and Aursberg promifed to pay yearly
to the circle 1 500 florins. Its contingency to the chamber of Wetzlar is
fifty-fix rixdollars. The title of the reigning Prince is Duke of Munflerberg
and Frankenßein, princely count of Thengen and Mitterburg, high
hereditary-mardial and hereditary-treafurer in the dutchy of Carinthia and
the marquifate of Wind.
§.2. The princely-county of Thengen is under the diredion ofaPrefedt,
or lord-lieutenanr, of the Prince's nomination, and contains in it
Thengen, a fmall town, having no feat.
The villages of T/6r«g-t?«, Utenhofen^ Althaven znA Endeburg.
Of

Furftenberg.] GERMANY, 231
Of the family of the Prince and Landgrave of
Fürsten BERG, and his territories in general.
§. I. 'T~^HE houfe of Furßenberg is one of the moft ancient and confider-
^ able in ^iWSwdbia, being derived ^xomEgeno, count oi Urach, who
fiounlhed in the thirteenth century. Count Frederick of Furßenberg, who
made grent additions to the territories of his family and lived in the fixteenth
century, left two fons, the counts Chrißopher and Joachim, who
gave rife to two feparatc lines ; viz,. Count Chrißopher to that of Kiiixingerthal,
which, exclufive of fomething confiderable in the Baar, obtained the
Kinzingerthal, Bkmberg, and fome other lordihips in the Schivarzisclde.
Chrißopher II. his grandfon, by his fon Count Albert, left two fons, who
were founders of two other particular lines. In Count Vatißa'u) II. commenced
that oi Aloßirch, which failed in the year 1744; and in Count Frederick
Rudolph the Stuhling line, which is ftill exifting. 'Joachim II. fon to
the above-mentioned Count Frederick, was founder of the H-iligenberg
line, which was continued by his fon Frederick, and in the perfons of his
fons Egon and Lewis, was again divided into the lines of Heiligenberg and
Donejching. The latter foon failed, but the former, in the year 1664, became
a Prince of the Empire; though, in 17 16, on the extindion of
the male defcendants thereof, their lands and the dignity of Prince devolved
to the above-mentioned Moskirch and Stuhling.
§. 2. Thus all the Furßenberg eftates efcheated to the line of Furßenberg-
Stuhling. The title of Prince is now only borne by the fovereign and his
prefumptive heir. The title of the reigning Prince runs thus; viz. Prince
of the holy Roman Empire, as alfo of Furßenberg, Landgrave of Baar and
Stuhlingen, count of Heiligenberg and Werdenberg, baron of Giindelfingeuy
lord of Haufen in the Kijizinger thai, Moskirch, Hohenhoven, Wildenßein,
Jungnau, Trochtelfingen, Waldsberg, Weytra, &c. The children and fiflers
ftyle themfelves Landgraves of Furjienberg, the Baar and Stuhlingcn.
Their coat of arms are a fhield topaz with a border nebuted pearls and faphire.
In the center lies the Furßenberg eagle, topaz, with the beak and
claws faphire ; on its breaft is a ihield quarterly. In the firft and fourth
quarters, in a field ruby, is a three pointed gonfalon, or banner, decorated
pearl, for Werdenberg ; and in the fecond and third quarters, in a field pearl
for Heiligenberg,
a bend diamond.
§. 3. The above-mentioned title of the Prince {hews the territories belonging
to the houfe of Furßenberg ; and the lordfhip of Weytra excepted,
which lies in the Lower-Außria, they are all in the circle of Sivabia, and thus
the Prince is entitled to fix votes in the Diet of the circle j viz. two among
the

232 GERMANY. [Heillgenberg.
the Princes for
Heiligenbcrg and Stuhlingen and four among the counts and
barons as lord of Mosklrch, Baar, Haujht in the Kinzingerthal and Gundelßngen.
In the Imperial Diet he poffeffes one vote in the college of Princes,
into which he was introduced about the year 1667, together with Eaß-
Frießand; as alfo another vote in the college of the counts of Sivabia for
Heiligenberg and Werdenberg.
§. 4. The afTeffment in the matricula of the Empire for the landgravate
of Baar and the Kinzmgefthal, is fix horfemen and thirty foot, or one
hundred and ninety-two florins. For one half of the manors of Werdenberg-,
namely, Heilige?iberg, 'Jungnau and Trochtelfingen , four horfemen and
twenty-two foot and a half, or one hundred and thirty-eight florins. For
Gnndelfingen, two horfemen and two foot, or thirty-two florins. For Stiihlingen,
eighteen florins thirty kruitzers. For Engen, feventy florins, and
for Moikirch thirty. To the chamber at Wetzlar, the houfe of Fiirßenberg
is rated, for the Werdenberg efliate,
at feventy-three ruthlers eighty-feven
kruitzers. Yox Baar, at ninety-three ruthlers thirty kruitzers. ¥or Helfen-
(iein-WeiJenßeig, that is for Wildenflein, at five ruthlers thirty-fix kruitzers and
a half. Yox Gundelfingen, at twenty- feven ruthlers thirteen kruitzers. For
Zimmern, or Moskirch, at twenty ruthlers, twenty-five kruitzers and a quarter
; and for Li^pfen, or Stidolingen, at feventy-one ruthlers one kruitzer.
§. 5. The Princes of Furfte7ibe7'g enjoy the protediion and criminal
jurifdiöion over the abbey of Sahnanjweil, by a voluntary ceflion of
the
abbey.
§. 6. I now proceed to give an account of the territories of the Prince
of Furjlcnberg in the order of their feat and vote in the circle of Sivabia,
which are as follows j "viz.
TJie p-'mcely cowity of Heiligenberg,
of Jiingnau and Trochtelfingen.
together with the lordßips
Thefe countries are called the efl;ate of Werdenberg, having formerly belonged
to the counts thereof, who becoming extinä; in the j^ear 1530,
their lands fell to Count Frederick of Furßenberg, by means of Aime,
daughter to Count Chrißopher of Werdenberg and Heiligenberg, to whom
he was married in the lixteenth century, and after him to his fon Joachim,
founder of the Heiligenberg line, which is fo called from this part of the
inheritance.
The county of Heiligenberg is bounded, to the eaft, by that of Konigfeck,
the abbey of Weingarten and the bailiwick of Altorf and Rave7isburg ;
fouthward, by the territory of Coßanz and Salman/weil ; to the weft, it borders
on the jurifdidion ofUberlitig and Peterßians, and, to the north, terminates
on the Imperial town of Pßullendorf, the county of Sigmaringen and
other
I

Oettingen.] G E R M A N T.
other lefler territories. It had anciently counts of its own, on rhe failure of
whom it fell to the counts oi Werdenberg, and from them to thofe of Furflenberg.
In it is one of the moft ancient Imperial diftriäs in Sivabia,
which is called that of Schackebucb, and is wholly included in the boundaries
of the county. This county is at prefent a prefedurate, and contains
in it
Heiligenberg, a caftle feated on a high rock, and deriving its name from
the relicks of a certain faint who Hes buried there.
The villages of //wd'«/^, Pfrungen, Zuflorf, Denkingen, Greaf-StaJelhqf,
Korbach, Koggenbeuren, Winglingen, Siggingen, Frickingen and Stein, with
feveral hamlets and feats.
The lordfhip of Jungnau lies
betwixt the counties of Sigmaringen and Voringen,
and the territories of Auflria on the river Laucbert, conflituwng a
prefedlurate or fuperior diftricl, and containing in it the market-town of
'Jungnau with the village of Emieringen and the hamlet of Hochberg.
The lordfhip oi Trochtelfiiigen lies betwixt the dutchyof Wurtemberg, the
princely county of Hohenzollern and the abbey of Zwifalten, and alfo conftituies
a prefedlurate containing in it
Trochtelfingen, a fmall town, fituate on the Schmeicha in the Alb.
Steinhulben, a market-town.
Melchingen, a fmall market-town, and certain villages.
Of the Princes and Counts ö/'Oettingen, and
their territories in general,
§. I. ]\/[R- CNOPF has drawn a map of the county of Oettingen^
^^^ which was engraved hy Homann 's, heirs in the year 1744, and is
the eighty-fourth map in the Atlas oi Germany.
§. 2. This county borders, to the north, on the principality of Anfpach
and the Imperial town oi Dinkehbubl ; to the eaft, on the dutchy oi Pjalz-
Neuburg; to the fouth, is bounded by the fame and the lordfhips of Eglingen
and Heydenheim, and, lo the weft, terminates on the priory of Elivangen and
the commandery of Kapfenburg. Its greateft extent, trom north to fouth, is
fix leagues, and from eaft to weft four. Its fouth-eaft parts are bounded
by the Danube, on which fide alfo the Wernitz, its principal river, takes
its rife near Donauwerth, being there joined by the little rivers of Sulz
and Eger.
§.3.1 fliall here furnifti the reader with a brief hiftory of the counts of
Oettingen, from the time of Count Otho, who lived about the beginning of
the twelfth century. His fon Frederick was founder of the family. In the
VoL.V, H h fourteenth

.
234 GERMANY, [Oettingen.
fourteenth century, the counts of Oettingen obtained a part of Lower-
Aljace, zwA from thence ftylcd themfeh'es Landgraves thereof} but, in
the year 1359, they fold the fief which they held of the bifhop oi Strafzturg,
to him ; and the remainder of the fiefs which they held of the Empire
they bequeathed to the Emperor Charles IV. and to their vaflals the
family of huhtenbcrg. Of the barons of Fkckenjlein they are perpetual
paramounts, on account of eleven villages lying along the Rhine, as Ihall
be fljewn below in §. 4. Count Frederick IV. who pofTefTed the whole
couiUy of Oettingen and died in the year 1429, left three fons, who divided
the county in fuch a manner among themfelves that each obtained
one third thereof JVillinm refided at Oettingen, Ulrich at Flochberg, and
"John at Wallerflein. The two laft foon became extind, whence their
ihare of courfe fell to the line of William, which was founded by his fon
Wolfgang and Levois the Elder his coufin. His oldefi: fon, Leioii the Toimger^
was the founder of the Oettingen-Oettingen or Lutheran line, and the third fon,
Frederick, oi i\\t Oettinge?i-Wallerßein, or Catholic line. The male-iffue of
the former, which was firfl raifed to the rank of Prince in the year 1674,
and pofTefTed one xi of the country, failed in 173 1; the latter, which
pofTefTed five twelfths of it, was founded by William the Elder, fon to Frederick,
whofe three fons were the founders of the three collateral-lines ;
•viz. I. William the llimger, was founder of the Spelberg-Wne, of which
WnQ Francis Albert, with his defcendants, was raifed, in the year 1734, to
the rank of Prince, and introduced the right of primogeniturefliip into his
own family -, but his fon. Count "John Aloyßiis, by virtue of a decree
pafTed in the year 1739, by the Aulic council, and an agreement confequent
thereupon, obtained One third of the Oettingeji-Oettingen eftate. 2. Wolfgang,
founder of the //^rt/Zfr/Zmi line, from whofe coufin PZ»////», the prefent
count of Oettingen- Wallerflein is defcended ; and from him, by virtue of
the will o'i Albert Erneß, the lafl Prince of Oettingen, Couni Antony Clm-les
inherited his country, ceding it to his eldeft fon John Frederick, to whom
his brother. Count Philip Charles, fucceeded both in that and alfo in the
county of Waller/kin. 3. Ernefl the Elder, founder of the Balder line,
which indeed in his fon was fubdivided into thofe of Balder and Katzenßein ;
the former whereof failing in the year 1687, its fhare of the county fell to
the latter, which alfo obtained one third of the Oettingen-Oettingen edite.
§.4. In the year 1495, the counts of Oettingen entered into a family
compadl among themfelves, which was confirmed by the Emperor Maximilian,
and in which, among other things, it was ftipulated, that a count
might difpofe of the property and profits of his fliare in the eflate to an
alien,
but the fovereignty and regalia fliould remain in the Oettingen family,
as alfo that they fhould hold in common the regalia, minage, grant of fiefs,
jurifdidion, mintage, \m^o^ and friedfchatz, or the treafure of peace, as it
is called, and likewife that the eldeft reigning count, when he aftually
refides

Oettingen.]
GERMANY.
refides in any other part of the country, fljall be inverted with the adual
fbvereignty of it. This family compadl was renewed in the year 1522,
and in 1663 confirmed by thtEm^trov Leopold ; but Aibert Enie/i, of the
Oettingen-Oettiiigen line being raifed to the rank of Prince, the M'^iUerßein
line oppofed it ; whence arofe long contefts, which were at length compromifed
in the year 1696, the diredion of the particulars above-mentioned
continuing as before in the eldeft of the family, the line of the counts of
Wallerßetn being in no cafe to interfere in any thing. On the other hand,
this IValkrßein line engaged that they would no more oppofe the vote of
the princely line in the Diet of the Empire, and that they would alfo give
perfonal precedence to the new Prince not only in his own perfon but even
in fubfcribing the decree and agreement. Further, that the familycompadl
made in 1522, (hould undergo an alteration in fuch refpeds as
were inconfiftent with the new princely dignity: and in this it was alio flipulated,
that no Prince or perfon of higher rank than the count of Oettingen
fhould be appointed tutor. This compad was confirmed in the fame year
by the Emperor Leopold. The barons of Flcckenßcm have anciently held, as
fiefs of the houfe oi Oettingen,
the eleven following villages lying in Atface
on the Rhine and in the neighbourhood of Fort Louis ; w'z. Koppenheim,
Forßfelden, Kanchenheim, Gißnheim, Roßchioog, Seßenheini, Rinßmm, Den'
kelßeim, Stockmatt, Dalhunden and Avodmin.
§. 5. On the extindion of the line of Oettingen-Oettingen and the devolution
of their eftate to the Oettingen Wallcrliein line, this branch leaving
part of its inheritance to Oettingen-Spielberg, the reigning Prince of Oettingen^
Spielberg flyles himfelf, Prince of Oettingen, of the holy Roman Empire,
C^c. But the reigning count of Oettingen-Wallerftein bears the title of reigning
count of Oettingen-Oettingen ind Oettingen-JFaHerßein, Tlie arms of
Oettingen are vairy ruby and a fliield faphire with a narrow St. Andrews
crofs pearl y«r tout.
§. 6. According to the Imperial matricula, the whole county of Oettingen
is allelTed at eight horfe and forty-five foot, or two hundred and fcventy-iix
^Z5
florins. With refped to the Imperial chamber of Wetzlar, its taxation is
rated after the following manner ; viz, Oettingen oi Oetti?igen pays fixty-two
ruthlers twenty kruitzers : Oettingen-lVallerßein, twenty-one ruthlers,
thirty-eight kruitzers and a half :
Oettingeti^Katzenßein and Hoken-Baldcrn,
nine ruthlers, fixty-five kruitzers : Oettingen-Spielbcrg, twenty-five ruthiers,
fifty
kruitzers.
§. 7. Neither the extind princely line of Oeftingen-Oettingen, nor the
prefent line of Oetti?igenSpie/berg, have obtained a feat or vote in the
college of Princes at the Diet of the Empire, but the colledive houfe of
Oettingen is reckoned in the college of the counts Sivabia. On the other
hand, in the year 1675, the princely line was admitted to a feat and vote
after Furßenberg-JIeiligenberg on the bench of Lay-princes in the circle of
H li 2 Sivabia -,

:
^
236 GERMANY. [Oettingcn.
Swabia ; and probably this privilege refides at prefent in the line of Spielberg
; but the other counts of Oettingen have coUedlively only one vote on
the bench of counts and barons, and that after the commandery of ^^Ifchban(en.
§. 8. The fubjecfts here are partly T^oww« Catholic and ^ixn\y Lutheran.
The Proteilant confiftory, ereäed by Albert Erneß, the laft Lutheran Prince
of Oetiingev-Oettv:gen, is ftill ruled in common by the prefent Prince of
Otttingen and the count of Oettmgen-Wallerßcin. In the town oi Oettiiigen
is a general fupcrintendency of Lutherans^ which is held alfo in common ;
and lioth there and at Appczbojen, Harburg and T'rccbtelfingcn are fpecial
fuperintendencies of the fame feat belonging to Count Oettingen-Oettingen
witli foity-two pariflies under them.
§.9. The Prince of Ot/z/w^f« has, at his refidentiary-feat at Ot'///;?^^;?, a
chancery-office and a treafury. The reigning count of Oettingen-Walierftein
has alfo a particular council and treafury for Oettingen-Oettwgeri and Oettingen-
Walierftein. The reigning count o( Oettingen-Katzenfiein-Baldern has likewife
a diftinft council of regency; but all the three lines oi Oettingen have
one tuftom-houle and hi"h-fteward in common, which are both accountable
to the chamber of regency. The Imperial tribunal at Oettingen, or
rather that trad called the Riefz, has been long in the pofleffion of the counts
of Oettingen, and this jurifdidion they exercife over all the Princes and
States in the Riefz, and have even looked upon the whole as an included
county, maintaining therein, under the title of a bailiwick, the territorial
jurifdidion over all the States dwelling or poflefTed of lands in it. To produce
one inilance, they allow no jurifdiction to the town of Nordlingen
without its v/alls ; but that has occaiioned feveral violent contefts and expenfive
proceffes.
Of the county belonging to the princely houfe of Oettingen in
particular.
It confifts of the following diftricts
I. The Upper-amt, or prefecturate of Oettingen, together with the
diftrict of Schneidheim. The line oi Oettingen-Spielberg, by virtue of a
compact made in 1739 with the line of the counts of Oettifigen-Wallerßein,
has to its former fliare in this prefedurate, to which chiefly belongs
one half of the town of Oettingen, added alfo the fhare formerly belonging
to the Princes of Oettingen-Oettingen. This prefedurate conftitutes a
part of what is called the Riefz (m Latin the Rhicefa) of which particular
trad of land Hotnann^ heirs, in the year 1738, publifhed a particular map,
which makes the eighty-fixth in the Atlas q£ Germany.
«
Oettingeny

Oettingen.] GERMANY, 227
Octiingeu, the capital of the whole county of that name and the reHdence
of the princely line o^ Oettingen-Spielbcrg, lies on the frem//z, bc-iir-'
the feat of the princely regency and treafury, as alfo of the Luthsro)!
conlillory of the Piinces and counts in common, of a Proteftant fuperintendency,
to which belong fifteen pariflies, that oi Oettiiigen being included,
and likewife of a prefevflurate, with a fociety for the improvement of arts
and fciences, a grammar-fchool and an orphan-houfe, a college of Jefujts
and a commandery of the Teutcnick order belor.ging to the bailiwick of
Franken.
Obf. In this commandery are contained the villages o{ Bdzheim, together
with Upper and XJndcr-Reimlingen^ as alfo one half of the villages of Hci?jffart
and Ebenneegcn, with the greatefl part of the vilbge of Zipplingen
; and
Heinsfart, a village and caftle, one half of which belongs thereto.
The diftrict of Schneidheim lies on the little river of Sechta, and in the
Sechta-grwui, which takes its name from it.
II, The prefecturate of Aufkirch has alfo fallen to the princelyhoufe
of Oettingen-Spielberg by virtue of an agreement made with that of
Oettingen-Wallcrflein relative to the inheritance of Oettingen-Oettingen.
In it is
Aujkirch^ a market-town, feated on the Werniiz and containing one
Lutheran church. This place was formerly an immediate dependency of
the Empire. Beyond Aufkirch the Wernifz receives the little river of Sulz.
Furnheim, a Lutheran parifli, with other villages and hamlets.
HI. The prefecturate of MuNCHSROTH, together with the former, is devolved
to the princely line of Spielberg. Belonging to it is
Munchfroth, a parochial-village, in which formerly was a priory of
BevcdiSiines.
The Lutheran parishes of Seegringen and Walxheim.
Near the parochialvillage
of Walxheim^ which is furrounded by the territory of Balder^ lies the
fource of the
river 'Jaxt.
IV. The prefecturate of Durrwangen is fituate on the river Sidz^
being entirely furrounded by the territories of the Marggrave of Onolzkach.
In it is
Durrwangen, a market-town and caftle.
Laberfwind,
a hamlet.
V. The Prefecturate of Spielberg and Sammenheim is alfo wholiv
furrounded by the territories belonging to the Marggrave of Otiolzbach.
Spielberg,
its diftinguilhing title.
In it'
a market-town and caftle from which the princely line receives
Gnozheim, a market-town j and Sammenheim, a village.
The

2^8 GERMANY. [Klettgäu.-
^he Princely Landgravate of
Klettgau, örScHWARZENBEiiG, 0;? Wegen Sulz.
§. I. '"T^HE Klettgau, or Clettgow, which is alfo called K/eggau and K/ek'
-* gau, and in Latin Pagus Latobrigicus, is a trad of land bordering,
to the fouth, on the river Rhine-, to the eaft an-J north, on the Sivifs cantons
of Zurich and Schaffhatifen ; to the north- ,vert:, on the landgravate of
Stuhlingen, and, to the weft, terminates on the four foreft-towns. This
diftriö is fomevvhat above two leagues in length but not full two broad.
On account of its former poflefTor it bears alfo the name of Siilz, and by
fome is even called the county of Sulz, though improperly, the counts of
Sulz having formerly poffeffed only the landgravate o^ Klettgau, which was
raifed to a princely landgravate by the Emperor Leopold in the year 1694.
The Klettgau abounds in good wine, particularly red, as alfo in corn, and
is
a fine fporting country.
§.2. The ancient proprietors of this colintry ; namely, the counts of
Sulz, take their name from Suh, a town of Wurtemberg, fituate on the
Neckar, which belonged to them. So early as the year 10S5, we find
mention of one jil'wig, a count of Suh, probably the fame by whofe
liberality the convent of Alpirffach was founded. Rudolph, fon to Count
Hermann, retrieved the decline in his family by marrying XJrfula, daughter
to John, the laft count of Habsburg of the LauffenburgXmt, and with her
received for portion the landgravate oi Klettgau arid the lordfhips of Rothenburg
zwAKrcnkivgcn. This Prince alfo, in the year 1408, entered into a
compad: with his ftep-mother y^^7;fi, by virtue of which were transferred to
him and his father all the lands which flie inherited and poflelTed from her
hufband "John. In the year 1430, this agreement was confirmed by the
Emperor Sigifmund, on condition that the landgravate of A/rtV^^z.; fhould be
held as a fief of the arch-ducal houfe of ^i^nrt. Akvig, fon to Rudolph,
received for a portion with his wife Verena, daughter to Ulrich, lord of
Brandis, the lordOiips of Vadutz, Schelknberg and Blumeneck, and his
grand-nephew, Count Charles Lewis, obtained with his fpoufe, Dorotbey
Catherine, daughter to ^JoZ/Z', count. 0^ Say n, the lordlliips of Mow^V^r and
Mainzburg, or Manzenberg (already mentioned) but thefe lordftiips have
fince devolved to other houfes. In the year 1687, the male-ifi*ue of the
counts oi Sulz became extind in Count John Lewis-. But the Em.peror Leopold
hiving declared his eldeft daughter, Maria Anita, wife to Prince Ferditjafhi
IFilliam Eujebius of Scbwarzenberg capable of fucceeding to all the lands and
lordflips, together with the other rights and privileges which belonged to her
father, and of conveying thefe to the heirs of her body; the landgravate of
/ Klettgau

Lichtenftein.]
GERMANY.
Klettgau •deicended to Adam Francis Charles, Ton to Prince Ferdinaud of
Scbwarzenberg,
%. 3. The lull title of the reigning Prince of Scbwarzcnberg will occur
ill his territories in Franconia. We Ihall only obferve here that from thefe
countries in Sivabla, he llyles himlelf Prince and landgrave of Klettgan
and count of S,ulz; and alfo, by virtue of the fame, hereditary chiefjuftice
of the holy i^o.w^;; Empire at i^öZ/fW«'/, and even appoints a deputy
who is ekdted frcm cmong the counts or barcn. This office of chief-juftice
was firft conferred by the Emperor, in the year 1360, on Count Rudolfb
of Sulz.
§. 4. The houfe of Schwarzenhcrg, however, has not been yet able to
acquire a feat and vote in the college of Princes, by virtue of this princely
landgravate, being chifled only among the Imperial counts oi Sivabia^ though
in the diets or the circle of Äcv/Z^V?, as proprietor of this landgravate, it has
fat among the Lay-princes ever lince the year 1696. In the tnatncular affenmentof
the Empire it is rated at two horfemen and nine fo it, or fixty florins,
and to the chamber at Wetzlar pays thirty-feven ruthlers feventy-nine
kruitzers.
§. 5. In this landgravate an Imperial court was formerly ufually held at
Rhiuoiü atij der Halden, or at Langenßein. But this has long ünce been
difontinued.
§. 6. To the landgravate belongs
Übungen, or T'icnge?!, the Prince's relidence and the feat of the government,
but fmall, and lying on the river Wutach. This town formerly,
together with its diflridf, conllituted a particular lordlnip, which defcended
from the lords of Krejikingen to the counts of Sidz. In the year
1499, Thwgen was pillaged and burnt by the Swifs.
The parifhes of Balterjweil, Bubl, Degernau, Erzingen, Grießen, Jeftetten,
Lienheim, Lottjletten, Upper-Lanchingen, Rhei?iheim, Scbwerzen and
Dettichkofen,
together with the caille of Kijfenberg,
:
239
LICHTENSTEIN,
The Princely-house of
Of which the
Carlovingian line was advanced by the Emperor Matthias to
the dignity of Prince, in the year 1618, and the Gundaker Vine, in 1623,
by the Emperor Ferdinand. The manner in which it obtained a feat and
vote among the Lay-princes in the circle of Swabia was as follows
Prince John Adam Andrew, of the Carlovingian line, having advanced to
the circle in the year 1707, a loan of 250,000 florins without intereft,
was, in return, complimented with a vote among the Princes. On his
deceafe without male-iffue in the year 1712, he left to his coufin, Prince
i
Jojepb

2^0
GERMANY. [Lichtenfteln.
Jofeph Winceßaus Laurence of the Gundaka- or Hartmmn line, the money
abovetnentioned, which remains yet unpaid, togetherwith the counties and
lordfliips of Vadutz and Schdlcnberg, and other eftates which he had purchafed
in the year 1699. Thefe were bought by Prince Antony Florian,
brother to Prince Philip Erajmm^ his father, and in the year 1713 he was
admitted into the Imperial college of Princes; and, in the year 171 9, his
lordlliips were railed by the Emperor to an independant Imperial Principality
; and, by virtue of this, his fon, 'Jofeph John Adam, was for himfelf
and male defcendants admitted alio into the Imperial college of Princes,
This Prince dying without male-iilue, in the year 1732, the honours and
privileges of his line devolved to the abovementioned Prince Jofeph Winicjlam
Laurence, whofe claim to the vote of Lichtenflein, in the college of
I'rinces, was for a long time contefted ; whereas, his right of voting among
the Lay-princes of the circle of Swabia, by virtue of the compaä; betwixt
the circle and the generous Prince John Andrew, in the year 1707, was
admitted without any difficulty ; neverthelefs it has been difputed on what
pretences even this vote among the Princes of the circle could be grounded :
tor no (boner had the county and lordfliip of Vadutz and Schellenberg been
advanced to a Principality under the title of Lichtenflein, than the family
made a demand of the capital advanced to the circle, and claimed their
vote as Princes by virtue of the new Principality : but this the circle
would not allow of. The family, however, by the Emperor's mediation, fo
far obtained its end, that the vote in the circle fliould reft partly on the
relidue of the abovementioned loan, which remains ftill unpaid, and likewife
on the new Principality of Lichtenjlein. Thus
LICHTENSTEIN
T'be Principality of
Confifts of the ancient
Imperial county and lordfliip of /^öd'ü/z and Schellenlwrg,
lying on the other fide of the lake of Coßanz on the Rhine, betwixt
the lordfliips of Pludenz and Feldkirch in Sicitzcrland. In the fifteenth
century, thefe territories defcended from the barons of Schellenberg to the
barons of Erandis; and from them, in the year 1507, by marriage, to the
counts of Sulz ; but, in the year 1614. Cajpar Hohenhemhi purchafed them
for 200, coo florins ; and, in 1699, a fecond purchafe was made of them
by Prince John Adam of Lichtenßein. The fubfequent part of their
hiftory has been related above. Their contingency in the Imperial matricilia
was formerly eighteen florins ; what alterations have fince been made
in it I know not; and to the Imperial chamber at Wetzlar this Principality
pays eighteen ruthlers fixty kruitzers. It forms a prefedurate, the moft
remarkable places of which are the following, viz.
Vadun

Stuhlingen.] GERMANY, 241
Vadutz, a caftle, ftanding on a rteep rock, beneath which lies a market-town.
ScheUenbergj a caftle, feated on the Efclmerbcrg.
Betideren, a monafhery of Framonflratenjes-, fituatenot far from the Rhine^
•together with
The villages of iJß/z^rj, ov Balferen, Trifen, Schan, ox Schon, Efchen zn6.
Mauren.
l^he Landgravate of Stuhl ingen, belonging to
the
FuRSTENBERG family,
§. I. 'TpHIS country lies on the river Wv.tach, which runs into the iJZi/w,
-• and borders on the landgravate oi Klettgau, the canton ol Schaffhaufen,
the manor of 5/z/;;w7/~t'Z^ belonging to the Tf/^/ow/ri order, the county
of Bondorf zndi the Brijgau, being about two German miles and a half in
length and one and a half broad.
§. 2. It belonged anciently to the counts o( Lupfen, and, on the extiniflion
of thefe counts, in the year 1532, devolved to Gj;?rö^ of Bappenheim by
virtue of a reverfionary grant from the Emperor Maxiviilian II. His fon
Max'uniUan appointed his grandfon, Francis Maximilian of Furßenberg lieir
to Stuhlingen, Howen and Engen. Other particulars relating to this landgravate
may be feen above in the introdudlory difcourfe to the princely
houfe of Furßenberg.
§. 3. To the countries oi Furftenberg-Stuhlingen belongs,
1. The proper landgravate of Stuhlingen, conflituting a prefedurate,
and containing in it
Stuhlingeu, a fmall town, with a feat belonging to it lying on the river
Wutach.
Divers villages ; as, namely, Aich^ Eberfingen, Eckingen, Kreuchingen,
Upper and Vnder-Mettingen, Michen, or Muchheim, Schwaningen, Witzen,
&c.
Berau, a nunnery of BenediSiines ; and
Bieder, the name of two Auguftine convents fituate near each other but
containing numbers of different fexes,
2. The lordfliip of Heben, or Heroen, called alfo Haven, together with
Engen, which lies in the Hegau betwixt the landgravates of Baar and Neuenbürg
and other territories, and belonged formerly to barons who received
their title from it : but thefe failing in the year 1570, this lordfliip, together
with the landgravate oi Stuhlingen, devolved to the counts of Z,?//>/t'/'/, .after-
VoL. V. I i wards

242 GER hl A 17 r. [Salmanfweil.
wards to the PappenbeimSf and laftiy to tl.e houfe of Furßenberg. It conftitutes
a prefedturate, to which belongs alfo the manor of Emm'ragen auf
der Eck. In it is
Hohenheben, or Hohenheben and TIohenhovet7y a caftle, flandiiig on a
mountain.
Engen, a fmall town, containing a nunnery of Dominicans. On an
eminence near the town ftands alfo a monaftery of Capuchins.
The villages o^ Bifetuhrf] Emingcn, Haltingen, Hofijieittn, Schenkenburg,.
Stetten, Weljch-Engen, &c.
3. The prefedlurate of Neußadt, lying betwixt the Brifgau, the county of
Bondaf and the landgravate of S^«;-. To it belongs
Neuftadt-, a mari^et-town, feated on the river Wutach, with a convent of
Capuchins in it.
Grunewald, a convent of Hermits, together with
The villages oi Cappel, Lenzkirch, Seig, 6cc.
T'/jß abbey of Salmanfweil, or Salmanfvveiler, called alfo Salmonfweil,
and in Latin Salamonis villa and Salemium, lies
betwixt the county of Heiligenberg, the diocefe of Coitanz
and the hnperial town of Ueberlingen. Its ?iewefl part alfo
extends to the Bodmer or Ueberlingen lake.
This abbey belongs to the order of Cißercians, being founded towards
the years 11 34 and 1140, hy Günther, ov Gimtram, baron of Adelreiitery
a nobleman pofiefTed of great riches, and ftill bears the arms of that family,,
which are a ram fible in a field gules. The Emperor Conrad III, is faid to^
have rendered it immediately fubjeifl to the Empire in the year 1142, and
from the Emperor Frederick I. it not only received additional privileges but
alfo a grant of certain lands.
The title of the abbot is, Moft noble prelate and lord of the holy Roman
Empire, and reigning abbot of the royal exempt, and confiftorial free
Imperial foundation and minilter of Salem. He is ufually vicar-general of
the Cijiercian order in Upper-Gertnajiy
and fuperintendant of the nunneries
of Heggbach, Wald, Heil, the Kreuzthal, Rothmunßer, Gutenzell, Baindt
and Neiding. In the Diet he fits among the prelates of Swabia betwixt
Elchingen and Weingarten ; but in the circle thereof enjoys the firft feat and
vote among the bench of prelates. In the year 1729, by virtue of a decree
of an Imperial commiflion from his afleffment of one hundred and thirty
florins in the matricula of the Empire, a deduflion was made of fifty-four,
together v^ith a decree that in all impofls, whether of the Empire or circle,
he was only to be rated at feventy-fix florins ; and to the chamber at
Wetzlar

Weingarten.] G E R M A N T,
Wetzlar his quota is one hundred and fixty-nine ruthlers, eight krultzers.
Several records, bearing date in the years 1 1 55, 1183, 1193, ^353> J433>
1453, 152 1, ^c. ihew that the Emperors took this abbey under their immediate
proteftion : hut I alio find the Erbrtuchfejfe oi IValdburg mentioned as
hereditary-governors and patrons of this abbey, by virtue of the counties of
Scheer and Friedberg, and likevvife that the abbeys invefted the Princes of
Furßenberg with the protedlion and criminal jurifdidion over the convent,
and that they actually exercifed the fame. Furthermore I find, that the
archdukes of y^///?;7rt alfo, in the years 1458 and 1605, received the convent
under their particular protedlion, and that it pays yearly eight tuns
of protedion-wine to the procurator's office of Swabia, though, in the year
1434 and 1487, it was, by the Emperors iS/^//>;«W and Fr^d'^r/V/^ rendered'
exempt from all contributions, fervices, patronage and defence of the procurators
of Sivdbia. The abbey is faid, by various occurrences to have
243
lofl one third of its revenues. From its village-courts an appeal lies to its
State-court, thence to the abbot's chief court, and from thence ftill furtlier
to the Imperial-chamber. The mofl: remarkable places in it are
The convent of Salmmifweil, lying on the river Acl\ and faid, before
the unhappy conflagration in the year 1697, to have been one of the finefl
all Gefmanw
monafteries in
Around the convent lie the villages of Luctkirch, BertJiaiing, Pfoffenhofen,
Mimmenhaiifen and Seefeldc?2, together with feveral hamlets and leats.
At Maurach, on the lake of Veberlingen-, refides a juftice.
3. The manor of 0^".7^e';z, or Owingen, is environed with the diftridl of
the Imperial town of JJeberUrtgen.
4. The prefedurate of Bachhaupten lies betwixt the counties of Scheer,
Konigfeck, Heiligenberg and Sigmaringen, and contains in it the villages of
Bachhaupten, 0/irach, Eeinhart and feveral hamlets and feats.
5. The lordfhip and prefecflurate of Schctnelberg lies on the river Rifz,
between the territories of Biberach and Auftria,
The abbey has alfo a prefei5lurate-office at Stockach, with a pßeg-amt, or
flewartry, at XJlm-, dependent on which is alfo the v\\\?igQ oi ij?ider-Elchin'
gen, not far from the abbey ofthat name; z pßeg-amt at Ehingen, another
at Ueberlingen, a manor at Kirchbcrg, and farms at Moikirch and Coftanz.
WEINGARTEN.
T7je Abbey of
The BenediSiine abbey of Weingarten, which belongs to the cathedral
of Cofianz, ftands in the market-town of Altorf, being alfo furrounded by
the bailiwick of Altorf. In this market-town anciently flood a nunnery
of BenediSlines, which was founded in the eighth century by Count Ifen-
I i 2
^ö'"'^»

:
244 G K R M A N T. [Welngarterr.
hard, and endowed by his fon Count Welpho, founder of the Guelphs,
whofe Ion Etbico rertored this ruinated convent. But JVclpho II. about the
}'ear 1047, removed the Nuns from tlience to the old convent of A'tatnunfier,
lying in the Nordgau, and on the other hand ordered the Benedictine
Monks to Altoyf. In the year 1053, the convent here was burnt
down, upon which Welpho tranflated it to Martimberg, which lies near the
town. JVclpijo II. III. and IV". together with Henry III. Welpho V..
and VI. out of their hereditary county of Altorf endowed it with many
eftates, vaffils, villages, hamlets and tythes. The Emperor Henry III. rook
it into the protection of himfelf and the Empire, and by HmylV. it was
created an immediate State thereof. The Emperor Chtir/es IV. in the year
J 376, not only confirmed thofe adls of favour, but alfo with immunity
from the imports and power of the procurators in Swabia, which lall article,
in the year 1489, was ahb ratified by the Emperor Frederick. The title of
the abbot is Moft noble lord-prelate of the holy Roman Empire, lopd of
the refpecLtable Imperial foundation and abbey of Wei?7garten, abbot alfo of
Hfen, lord of the independent Imperial lordlhip of Blumenegg, Brachen^
zcll -inA Hagnau. In the Diet of the Empire he fits among the prelates
of Sioabia, as in that of the circle alfo among the prelates, and in both bentwi.vt
Salmanfweil and Ochfenhaufen. His contingency in the matricula of
the Empire and circle is one hundred and five florins j to the kammerziele^
or Imperial chamber at Wetzlar, he pays for the abbey one hundred and
thirty-five, ruthlers twenty-three kruitzers, and for the lordlhip of Blumeuegg,
twelve ruthlers, fifteen kruitzers and a half. The pra^fedt of the country
claims a criminal jurifdiä:ion over this abbey ; but that the abbey oppofes
and itfelf appoints jurtitiaries over its vaflals and eflates, and holds alio the
procuratorlhip of y///c/y as a mortgage from the Empire..
The lorddiips and
LORDSHIPS.
eftates of the abbey are as follows
1. BrochenzelU lying on the river Schufz, and furrounded by the prefecturate.
2. Hagnau, feated on the lake of Ueberlifigen and not far from Morsbiirg.
3. The free Imperial lordlhip of 5/«?«^"//^^^, or Blumeneck, lying betwixt
the above defcribed counties of Sonneberg, Pludetiz, Feldkirch and Bregenz
in the Walgau, and having formerly lords of its own to whom it gave title.
From them it defcended to the counts of Wardenberg, then to the counts of
Brandis, and laflly to the counts of »S«/«, who, in the year 1613, fold it to
the abbey of Weingarten for 1 50,000 florins. This lordfhip is under the diredlion
of a prefedt, and contains in it
Blumeneck, a caftle, feated on a mountain.
S, Gerold^

.
Weingarten.] GERMANY. 245
S. Gerold, formerly called Friefen, or Im Frießen, a Benediol'me abbey belonging
to a convent of Hermits, together with
n-iQV\\\igc% o^ Pludefch^Turingen^ Ludrjcb, Auf Raggal, Aufphns, Sontag
and Im buch Boden.
II. Places and eftates lying in the procuratorfliip oi Altorf, and under its
foreft and fupreme jurifdidion, but which are for the nioft part in the
lower jurirdiction and fiibjedl to the abbey. Thefe are feated in the
following manors of the bailiwick ;
viz,
1
In the manor of Fifchoatber, on the lake of Ueberlinge?!, not far from
Biicbhorn, ftands
The BenediSiine abbey of Hoftn dedicated to S. Pantaleon,
which from a
nunnery was converted, in the year 1420, into a convent of Monks and incorporated
with the abbey of Weingarteti. This place has the lower jurif--
di(ftion over five houfes in the village of Secmofz.
To the lower-court of Hajfen-Weingarten belong the villages of Ho/en
and Wagerßxmfen.
2. In the manor oi Zogentveiler, belonging to the abbey 0^ TVeingarterty
together with the lower jnrifdidlion thereof, are the villages of EJfenhaufen,
Lengcnnjoeiler, Frcnhoffcn, Reuten and Ergerkfehzveiler.
3. In the manor oi Geigelbacher is the Pluzenreuten court, to which belong
the villages oi Phizenreutoi, Staig and Neuhauß/i.
4. In the manor of Schiiidelbacher is the lower court of Plertied, on
which depend the villages of Plerriedt and Stuben. In this manor alfo belonging
to the abbey, but without any jurifdidion over it, lies the village of
Munechreutin.
5. In the manor of Bofcb, Pferricher and Bodenegg, the abbey is poiTelTed
of feveral farms with the lower jurifdidtion thereof.
In the manor of Grunkraiit it pofiefles alfo nine farms under a lower
jurifdidion, but the villages of Sibrefreutin and Schlier, together with the
hamlet of Upper-Sulgen and certain houfes and farms, though belonging
thereto,
are independent of its jurifdidion.
In the prefedurate, or manor, about Gebratzhofen, on the heath of Leutkircb,
it has thirty farms and a mill belonging to it, with the lower jurifdidion
thereof.
The

24' GERMANY.
[Ochfenhaufen.
Abbey of
OCHSEN
Il:)e
HAUSEN.
'^ht Benedisline abbey o^ Ochfenhmifen lies between the Imperial towns of
Manmingcn and Biberacb, being founded in the year iioo as a priory dependent
on the abbey of St. hlafim in the Scharzwald ; but, in the year
1 39 1, it was raifed to an abbey and declared abfolutely free and independent
of that of St. Blafna. Its privileges were gradually augmented : by
the Einperov JVenceJIaus in the year 1397, by the Emperor Sigijmwid in
the year 1434, and by the Emperor Frederick III. in the year 1452, it
was exempted from all fummons and procefs in a provincial court. In the
year i ^48, the Emperor Ferdinaiid I. took it into his particular protedlion
and that of the houfe of Außria, under which it ftill remains. This
abbey pays annually fix florins as proteftion-money to the procurator of
Aitorf, and for Ummendcrf ten more. In the year 1706, the Emperor
Jofeph conferred on the abbot the criminal jurifdidion throughout all the
villao-es and lands belonging to the abbey. The abbot's title is, Aloft noble
prelate and lord of the moft holy Roman Empire, lord fovereign abbot of the
immediate free Imperial abbey of Ochfenhaufen, lord of the free Imperial
lordfhips of Thanheimb, Umendorf, Upper and U7ider-Sulmcnti?igen, as alfo of
Horn and Fifchbach. In the Diet of the Empire he fits and votes betwixt
the Sivabian prelates of Weingarten and Trfee, but in that of the circle of
Sivabia he fits on the bench of prelates betwixt Weingarten and Elchiiigen.
His affefihient in the ?natricula of the Empire and circle is one hundred
florins, and to the chamber at Wetzlar he pays one hundred and thirty-nine
ruthlers, fixty-nine kruitzers. From the manor-courts of the abbey an appeal
lies to the regency, which confifts of an ordinary-council compofed of
laics, ecclefiaftics and other oflicers.
Near the convent of Ocbfenhaufen lies a market-town of the fame name
on the river Rottam, containing one pariQi-church.
The manors in the territories of the abbey are thofe of Umendorf, Horn
and Fifchbach, together with Thanheimb and Upper and Under-Suhnentingen.
To it belong alfo the pariflies of Steinhaufen, Simmerti?igen, Thanheimb,
Umendorf Reinßetten, Belhnont, Ringfchnaidt, Mittelbuch, Rottiimb, having
all regulars and capitulars ; Laupheim, Winterrieden, Kirchdorf Opfingen,
Baldringen, Schonebiirg, Under-Sinonertingen, Horn and Fifchbach, which
are
fubjedl to fecular clergy.
The lordfhip of Wain, formerly belonging to this abbey, is now a dependency
of the Imperial city of Ulm,
The

Yrfee.] GERMANY, 247
ELCH
The A B
INGEN.
B -E Y of
The BencdiBine abbey of Elchingen, originally Aichlingen, ftands on a
high mountain clofe by the Danube, being furrounded by the territories of
the Imperial city of Vim. This abbey was founded in the year 1128, in
an ancient caftle, where a few years after it was deftroyed by fire, but
rebuilt again with greater ftatelinefs in the year 1 142. The abbot hereof is
ftyled, Moft noble lord-prelate of the mofl holy 7^(5?;;^« Empire, and reigning
lord of the rcfpedlable and immediately free Imperial abbey of Elchingen.
In the Diet of the Empire he fits and votes in the bench of Swabian
prelates betwixt Marchthal and Salmanjiveil ; but in that of the circle of
Sii-'abia he is feated between Ochjerjhanjen and Trfee. His afillTment in the
matricula of the Empire and circle is at prefent fifty florins, and to the chamber
at Wetzlar one hundred aiid fixty-two florins, twenty-nine kruitzers :
but he has protefted againll this taxation as too burdenfome, the abbey
having, fince the ve^r 1521, lofl: near two hundred efl:ate

248 GERMANY. [Kayferilielm.
prelates of Siuabia betwixt Ochfenhaufen and PeterßMufeiT, and in the circle
of .Sw^7/;/ö betwixt JLlchingen and Urfperg. His prefent taxation in the matr'iciila
of the Empire and the circle is forty-three florins, and to the chamber
at Wetzlar he pays eighty-onerulhlers, fourteen kruitzers and a half. Near
the convent of Trjee is a village. The pariflies belonging to this abbey
are Schlingen, Ketterfchwang-, Baijziveil, Egge?tthal, Lauchdorf , Ingenried and
Fforzen.
T'he Abbey of
U R S P E R G.
The Framonßratenßan abbey of Urfperg, within the diocefe oi Augsburg,
lies betwixt the rivers Kaniblach and Mindel, near their conflux, where
they run into the Danube. This abbey was founded in the year 1 125, and
•was at firft only a priory, but, in the year 1349, was created an abbey.
The title of its abbot is, Moft noble lord-prelate of the mofl holy Roman
Empire, lord of the refpecftable and Imperial abbey of Urfperg, generalvicar
and vifitor of the holy order of Prcemonßrateiißam throughout Sivabia,
Alface and the country of the Grifons. In the Diet of the Empire he fits
among the prelates of Sivabia betwixt the abbots of Peterjlaujen and Roth.
In the circle of Swabia his feat and vote are betwixt Trfee and Kayferßmm.
In the tnatricula of the Empire and circle he is at prefent afleflTed at thirty
florins, and to the chamber of Wetzlar he pays thirty-two ruthlers, forty-two
kruitzers and a half.
Appertaining to this abbey are the villages of Langen-baßach, Pilhaufen
and Cell.
KATSERSHEIM.
"The Abbey«?/'
The Cißercian abbey of JCayferßjeim, or Keyfzloeim, in
Latin Abbatla Cafa-
ftands at a fmall diftance from Donauwerth, in the county oiGraifpach,
rienjis,
being incorporated into the dutchy of Ncuberg. This abbey was founded, in
the year 1 135, hy Count Hcjiry of Lechfgemunde, with this prefcription, that
the fon of the BlefTed Virgin fliould he its only patron and proteflor ;
but the
calamities of the times made it further advifable, in the year 1274, to foUicit
the protedlion of King Rudolphm ; in 1346, that of the Emperor Lewis of
Bavaria; and, in the year 1349, that of Stephen, Pfalzgrave of the Rhi?ie

Ivayferflieim.] GERMAN
T.
249
for their defender under the Einperor. This immunity was ratified bv tlie
Emperors JFiKceßaus and Sigifmund, and the convent reckoned an immediate
State of the Empire. In the years 1446, 1459, 1460 and 1475' '^ entered
in the tnatricula oi the Empire, and in 1521 was fummoned to the
Diet at Wonns^ and by a decree thereof rated at four horfe-men and lixtvfeven
foot. \\\ the year 1511, an agreement was entered into betwixt
Frederick, Palatine of the Rinne, the duke of Bavaria as his guardian,
and the abbey ; in which the latter paid {qvqx\ hundred and fifty florins
down in lieu of the land-tax required of it, the duke engaging for himfelf,
fucceflbrs, pupil and heirs, that no taxes fliould at any time be required of
the abbey, its vaffals and eftates ; but that it fliould continue, as before,
in the full and unmolefted enjoyment of its rights, jurifdidions, powers,
mortgages and revenues. In the year 1527, the Palatine and abbey entered
into another cor.vention, that, in confideration of the fum of one hundred
florins annually paid to that Prince, he lliould take it into his protedion,
but without any jurifdidion or power of impoiing a tax thereon, and that
one party fliouid be at liberty to renounce the compadl of reciprocal aid.
In the year 1534, by virtue of a new agreement, which was ratified, in
the year 1541, by the Emperor Charles, it was agreed that the abbey (hould
accept of, acknowledge, have and continue the Eledlor-palatine as proprietor
of the county of Griajpach for their perpetual patron and defender; and,
in confideration of fuch protection yearly, pay to him the fum of fix hundred
florins ; that the Eledor-palatine ihould have criminal jurifdidion in
the places within the diftridl of the abbey, but without any manner of ]\\-
rifdidion over its vaflals, polTefllons or lands, or in any (hape opprefs them ;
but the Pfalzgraves afterwards making feveral attempts againlf the independency
of this abbey, and a long and vehement conteft arifing on that account
betwixt the circles of Sivabia and Bavaria, each laying claim to it
and the abbey fometimes fiding with one, fomecimes with another, and
fometimes with neither, at length, in the year 1757, it was formally admitted
by the circle of Sioabia on the bench of prelates betwixt Urfperg
and Rogge?iburg, though the circle ot Bavaria did not fail to enter a protefl:
againft it. In the Diet of the Empire the abbot poflefies the firil feat
among the prelates of the Rhine. The aflfelfment of the abbey in the ?natricida
of the PJmpire amounted formerly to two hundred and eighty-two
florins. In the year 170 1, it engaged to pay annually, at two ftated terms,
the fum of three hundred florins to the ched of the circle o'i Bavaria-, and,
in cafe of a proportionate augmentation of fupplies, to raife four hundred
within the terms fpecified. In the year 1757, it contributed two hundred
and fixteen men to the contingency of the circle of Bavaria, declarin'j itfelf,
however, at the fame time as belonging to that of Swabia. To a kammerziele,
or the Imperial chamber at Wetzlar, it is afl^efled at three hundre'd and
Vol. V. K k thirty-
;

250 GERMANY, [Roth.
thirty-eight ruthlers, twenty-three kruitzers.
The villages belonging to it are
Erlichßiojen., Dettenharf, SpinjicmveHcr^ Riethaufen, Zefchhtgen, SulzdorJ]
BVrg, AtnmerfeU, Hafaireiitb, Leutta, Wemitzjkin, &c.
ROGGEN
Tl^c Abbey of
BURG.
The Prcemonßratenßan abbey of Roggenburg, or Rcckeiihurg, which belongs
to the cathedral of Augsburg, lies on the river Gmiz, being furrounded
by the territories of Außria, thofe of the bifliop oi Augsburg and the county
of Fu^gcr. This abbey was founded as a priory in the year 1 126, and in
J 440 created an abbey fubjetl to the protedion of the city of Vim. Its
abbot is lliled, Moft noble lord-prelate and lord of the immediate abbey
of Roggenburg, of the holy Rojnan Empire, and hereditary-abbot of the
foundations of St. Lucius and Churwa/ä. In the Imperial Diet he fits among
the Srcabian prelates betwixt the abbots of Roth and Weijfenau, and in the
Diet of the circle of Sivabia on the bench of prelates between Kayferßxim
and Roth. In the matricula of the Empire and circle he is at prefent affcflcd
at forty-nine florins, and to the chamber at Wetzlar pays fifty-four ruthlers
twelve kruitzers. In the years 158 1, i594andi6oo, tliis abbey loft feveral
villages, manors, eftates and tythcs. It is flill, however, in pofleflion of
the following villages ; viz.
Bibrach, Braitetithal, Chrißerzhofcn, Dapferzhofen, Vpper-Wiejenhach,.
ROTH.
Meßjofen, Rietzifried, Schyfen, and feveral hamlets.
"The Abbey of
The Rrmnonßratenßan abbey of Roth, alfo improperly called Munchrothy
and belonging to the cathedral of Augsburg, lies betwixt the abbey of Och-
(enhaifen, the county of Waldburg and other fmall territories. It was
founded in the year 1126, and, in 1376, taken by the Emperor CharlesYV.
under the particular prote6lion and patronage of the Empire, and exempted
from the power and imports of the procurator of Upper-Sivabia. In the
year 1338,
it obtained alfo a privilege from the Emperor Leiais of Bavaria,
and, in 1430, from the Emperor Sigifmund, of not being liable to
impofitions of any country-court ; and ever fince the year 1619, it has obtained,
as paramount, the fupreme and criminal jurifdiilion over all the
villages, hamlets, manors and eftates which it holds as fiefs of the houfe of
Aufiria, paying thereunto Sooo florins, exclufive of a ton of wine annually
to the prefeäurate inflead of protedion-monev. The title of its abbot is,
^
Moil:

Weiflenavi.] GERMANY, 2^1
Mod noble lord-prelate of the holy Roman Empire, and reigning lord of
the Imperial abbey of Roth. In the Diet of the Empire he pofleiles both a
feat and vote on the bench of Swabian prelates betwixt the abbots of
XJrfperg and Roggenhurg, and in that of the circle of Sivabia beween Rcggenburg
and Weijfenau. The aflelTment of the abbey in the matricuhi of
the Empire amounted to forty-four florins ; but, in the year 1683, ^'7 ^'i""-
tue of an Imperial decree, this was reduced to fifteen florins ; by which
the circle of S'wabia alfo regulated itfelf. To the katnmerziele it is rated at
fifty-four ruthlers, twelve kruitzers. In the year 1642, this abbey was under
a neceflity of felling its whole property in the church of Amend'mgev., together
with all its tythes and cafualties. To it at prefent belong
The villages of Berkheim and Haßach, with feveral hamlets and
manors.
WEISSENAU,
The Abbey of
The Vramonßratenßan abbey of Weijfenau^ in Latin Augia Alba, or Minderaii,
and Augia Miner, which belongs to the cathedral of Cojiduz, lies
on the river Sc/jufz, betwixt the bailiwick of Altorf, the city of Ravensburg
and the county of Montfort. It is faid to have been originally the feat of
fome Hermits, which, in the year 990, was raifed to a convent, in 1145
created a Rrcemonllratenjian ^^noxy, and, in the year 1257, an abbey. In
the year 1 164, the Emperor Frederick I. took the convent under his own
particular protedlion and that of the Empire. The dukes oi Swabia, of the
houfe of Hohenßauffcn, endowed it with feveral villages, hamlets, manors
and lands, granting to it many privileges which were confirmed not only
bvKing Rudolph in the year 1280, but alfo by fucceeding Kings and Emperors.
In 1376, in particular, the Emperor CharlesYV. took the convent
into the patronage of the Empire, exempting it from the jurifdidtion of the
provincial procurators of Upper-Swabia, to whom, however, it ftill pays annually
twenty bufliels of peas, one tun of wine and one pound of pepper, as
proteöion-money. The title of its abbot is. Mod noble lord-prelate of the
holy Roman Empire, lord of the Imperial foundation and abbey of JVciffenau.
In the Diet of the Empire he fits and votes on the bench of the
prelates of Sivabia betwixt the abbots of Roggenburg and Schuffejiried, and
in that of the circle of Swabia between the abbots of Roth and Schujfenried.
The aflcflment of the abbey in the Imperial matricula was formerly eighty
florins, but, in the year 1680, this was reduced to twenty-five florins. Its
rate to the chamber at Wetzlar is eighty-one ruthlers, fourteen kruitzers
and a half.
K k 2
The

252 GERMANY. [Marchthal.
The village of Oberhofen, with the manor of Rainbratzhofeti, belongs to
it, together with tlie low jurilcliä:ion ; but with refpefl to the fupreme and
foreft-jurifdidion thereof, it is fubjefl to the provincial-prefefturate, having
within it feveral ertates and manors.
The
Abbey of
SCHUSSENRIED.
The Prafnonflraicnfmn abbey oi Schujfenr'ied, or Boreth, in Latin Sorethum,
or Abbatia Sorethana, lies betwixt the county of Waldburg, the barony of
Aulendorf, the lordfliip of Sehcer, the abbey of Buchau and other territories
bordering alfo on the Federjee. Within its jurifdiction rifes the little river of
Schufz. In the year 1188, it was founded by the brothers Beringer and
Conrad of Sckifcnried in their caftle, and belongs to the cathedral of Coßanz.
In 13765 the Emperor, Charles W. took it under the particular patronage
and protedion of the Empire, exempting it from all jurifdiction to the provincial
prefe

Peterfliaufen.] C E R M A N T.
looo and 1006 by the Herman?is, father and fon, dukes of S-w^S/a. In the
year 1171, it was made a priory, and, in 1418, an abbey. In the year
1575, the Emperor Maximilia?! 11. granted it an immunity from foreign
courts, which the Emperor Lt'^/'ö/rt' confirmed in 1659, with the refervation
of fome particular cafes. The abbot is flyled, Aloft noble lord-prelate of
the holy Roma'n Empire and lord of the Imperial foundation and abbey of
Marchthal. The affeflment of the abbey in the 7natricida of the Empire
was formerly forty-four florins, but at prefent it amounts to no more than
thirty-two. Its taxation to the chamber of Wetzlar is eighty-one ruthlers
fourteen kruitzers and a half. The criminal jurifdidlion over the village
near the convent of Marchthal, is an Imperial fief. To the jurifdiclion of
the abbey alfo belong the villages of
DathaiiJ'en, Dieterskirch, Haufen, Kirchbirlingen, ReutUiigen, Sangart,
Seekirch^ Under-Wackingcmndi Utfenweiler, with feveral hamlets and manors.
"So
The
Abbey of
PETERSHAUSEN.
The Be?iediSline zhhey of Peterß:aufen. in Latin Petri-domus, ox Peterß:u~
Jium, lies diredly oppofite to the city of Cojlanz. This abbey was founded
about the year 980, and belongs to the cathedral of Coßanz. The title of
its abbot is, Moft noble lord-prelate of the holy Roman Empire and lord
of the two Imperial foundations and abbeys of St. Gregory of Peterjhaufen
and SS. Cyril and George at Stein on the Rhine, prior of Klingenzell, lord
of the abbey at St. Marys Gate in Mengen, and alfo lord of the lordHiips
of Stauffen, Hilzingen, Rietheim, &c. In the Diet of the Empire he has
a feat and vote on the bench of the Sivabian prelates betwixt the abbots
of Trfee and Urfperg ; but in that of the circle of Sivabia between the abbot
of Marchthal and the prior of IVetienhaufen. His afleffment to the
Imperial niatricula amounts at prefent to twenty florins, and his contingency
to the chamber at Wetzlar is forty ruthlers fifty-four kruitzers. This abbey
is under the protedion of Aiifiria. A confiderable part of its eftates lies in
foreign lands, but, exclufive of thefe, in the year 1581, the city of Cöftanz
purchafed the jurifdidion over the village or fuburb of Peterß:aujen for
3000 florins; and, in the years 1641 and 1682, the abbey loll feveral
eftates and lands by the fortifications added to the city of Cojlanz. Indeed,
the convent in the free-town of Stein, under the jurifdidion of
Zurich, was, in the year 1597, united by the Pope with the abbey of
Peterßoaufen ; but this convent has lately been fupprefled. Klingenzell lies
in the Turgau, being fubiedt to the jurifdidion of the Sivißs.
The lordftiips of Stauffen, Hilzingen and Rietkeim lie in the neighbourhood

254 V E R M A N r. [Zwifalten.
hood of the Wiirtemherg fortrefs oi Hohen-tiviel^ in the county of Neuenbürg,
At mizingeji is a prefecft.
To the abbey aifo belong the villages o^ Herdivangen,
Satddorf and Sent^
hart, which, together with feveral other villages and market-towns, lie between
the county of Heiligenberg, the commandery of Alfchhaufen, the
lordfliip
of Moskirch and the territories of Überlingen.
TJje P
WErrENHAUSEN.
R I O R Y o/'
The priory of Wetlenhaujcn,
in which are regular canons of the order of
St. Auguliine belonging to the cathedral of Augsburg, lies with its territories
between and on the rivers Gtinz, Ka?nlacb and Mifidel, being furrounded
by the Aiiflrian marggravate of Burgaii. This abbey is faid to
have been founded about the year 982 or one hundred years earlier. The
prior is ftyled, Moft noble lord-prelate of the holy Koman Empire, and
lord of the Imperial foundation and priory oi Wettenhaufen, counfellor and
perpetual chaplain to his Roman, Imperial and royal Majefty. In the Diet
of the Empire he fits on the bench of the prelates of Sivabia, betwixt the
abbots of Schujfenried and Gengenbach ; but in that of the circle of Swabia
betwixt the abbots oi Feterßiaufen and Zivifalten. Its prefent aiTeffment to
the matricula of the Empire and circle is twenty florins. Its quota to the
chamber of Wetzlar is fifty-four ruthlers, eight kruitzers and a half.
The abbey of Wettejihaujen itfelf ftands on the river Kamlach. In it lies
interred Henry, the lafl: Marggrave of Burgaii, who died without ifTue in
the year 1283.
At Great-Koiz and Rofingen are two bailiwicks, which belong to the
priory, and at Wattenweiler is a bailifi'' Exclufive of the villages of himpa,
Ellcrsbach, Hiiipa and Ettefibeuren, to this priory belong alfo feveral hamlets
and manors.
T'he
Abbey of
Z W I F A L r E N.
The BenediSfine abbey of Zivifalten, which belongs to the cathedral of
Coflanz, lies, together with its lands on the river Alb, betwixt the dutchy
of Wurtemberg and the Danube, bordering alfo on the territories of Furßenberg
and Au/iria. This abbey was founded, in the year 1089, by the count
of Achalm, and obtained its firft abbot in the year 109 1. The protedlion
and patronage of this abbey is faid to have devolved from the dukes of
Bavaria

Gengenbach.] GERMANY,
255
Bavaria to the counts of Emerkinge?!, and from them, in the year j''0'J
to the dukes of ^////r/rt ; but the dukes o{ Wiirtemherg have maintained
that the right of protecftion to the abbey defcended to them, as it lies in the
territories of Count Achalm, whofe country fell to them. They have aUb
aftually exercifed protection, patronage, purveyance and territorial jurifdiction
over it, fo that it is not fummoned to the Diet of the circle ofSwabia,
neither does it fend a reprefentative to the Imperial Diet ; but, in the year
175 1, it freed itlelf from this connexion with the dukes of Wurtember^^
by ceding to them the three villages of Gr^^/-£;2,/?/?zg-f«, Oedenwald/fctten and
Neuhaiijen, with certain cafualties. The title of its abbot is. Mod noble
lord-prelate of the holy Roman Empire, and reigning lord of the Imperial
foundation and abbey of Zwifalten. In the Diet of the Empire he fits on
the bench of the Swabian prelates between the prior of Weitenbaujen and
the abbot of Gengenbach, and in that of the circle of Swabia has the fame
place. His afTeflment in the w^/rzWß of theEmpireis florins, and
to a kammerziele he contributes forty ruthlers.
The convent itfelf lies in a valley at the foot of the Alb on two rivulets
called the Jkb; accordingly the place where it ftands, but which was pulled
down at the time of its foundation, was called Zivifaltach, in Latin DupUces
Aquce.
The villages belonging to this abbey are Aichenlau, Aichßetten, Bechi?i~
gen, DegefeU, Durrenwaldßetten, Ehjletten, Emeringefi, Geifzifigen, Hobenberg,
Itienbaiifcn, Kircbheim, Mozingen, Oberßetten, Pjraimlletten, Tatigendorf,
Upfelmebr and Wilfmgen.
The lordfliip of Reicbenßein was purchafed in the year 1499, and
includes in it the caftle of Reicbenßein with the villages of Thalheim and
Lauteren.
The caftle of MochenthaU anciently called alfo Opeutbal, was, in the
year 1192, conferred on the convent by the counts of Berg. In it is
a chapel.
Obf In the Auftrian town of Ehingen this abbey has had a college or
academy ever fince the year 1686, and in the Turgau pofleffes the houfe of
Middk-Gyrsberg, or Gierjperg, which was purchafed in 1679.
Abbey of
GENGENBACH.
T6e
The BenediSiine abbey of Gengenbach lies in the Imperial town of that
name, and belongs to .the cathedral of Strafzbwg. It is faid to have been
founded about the year 740. The title of its abbot is mofl noble lordprelate
of the holy Roman Empire, of the Imperial foundation and abbey
of Ge?igenbach, and lord of Ryfz. In the Diet of the Empire he enjoys
both

256 GERMANY. [Gutenzell.
both a feat and vote on the bench of Stvabinn prelates between thofe of Zwifalten
and Lindau, but in that of the circle of S>rcabia betwixt Zwifalten
and Heggbach. His afleflhient in the matricula of the Empire and Circle
is at prefent only feven florins, but his contingency to the chamber at
Wetzlar is forty ruthlers fifty-four kruitzers. The Princes oi Fwßetiberg are
protedors of this abbey. It has loft the principal part of the eflates and
revenues which it poflelTed in Sii'abia, Alface, the city and bifliopric of
Baßl, the Brifgau and Kiugßngerthal. At prefent it has bailiffs at Orenburg
and Zell am Hammersbacb.
HEGGBACH.
Tlje Abbey of
The Cißercian abbey of Heggbach, or Heppach, belonging to the diocefe
cf Coßanz, lies betwixt the abbey of Ocf.ße?ihaiißen., the Imperial town of
Biberacb and the Aiijlrian territories. This abbey is faid bv fome to have
been founded in the eleventh century, but according to others in the year
12';^, and is fubordinate to the abbot oi Salmanju-eil. The title of its abbcls
is, moft noble lady-abbefs and ladv of the Imperial foundation and
abbey of Heggbach. In the Diet of the Empire fhe lits and votes on the
bench of the Swabian prelates, betwixt the abbefl'es of Rotlmunßer and
Gutenzell, but in that of the circle of Sivabia betwixt the abbot of Gengenbacb
and the abbels of Gutenzell. In the matricula of the Empire and
Circle her afleiTment is at prefent fixteen florins, and her taxation to the
Kanimerziek thirteeen ruthlers, forty-fix kruitzers and a quarter. To the jurifdidion
of this abbey belongs.
The village of Mietingen, together with certain hamlets, as namely
Sulmingen. It polTefiTes alfo a fliare in the lower jurifdidion of the village of
Aiclßetten.
Abbey of
GUTENZELL.
Tlje
The Cijicrcian abbey of Gutenzell, in Latin Bona cella, in fome ancient
records alfo called Gottefzell, or Dei cella, lies betwixt the abbey of Ochfenbaufcn,
the lordlhip of Iler-Aychheim and other territories. It is faid to
have been founded about the year 1240, being under the infpedion of
the abbot of iSö/OT^^/irt'/V. The title of its abbels is that of mod noble
lady-abbefs and lady of the free and noble foundation and abbev of
Gutenzell belonging to the holy Roman Empire. In the Imperial Diet flie
fits

Baindt.] GERMANY. 257
fits on the bench of ^voabian prelates betwixt the abbeffes of Hegghach and
Baindt, and in the circle of Swabia between Heggbach and Rwhmunßer.
In the matricula ot the Empire and the Circle flie is at prefent affelfed only
at ten florins, paying alfo to the kammerziele thirteen ruthlers, forty-fix
kruitzers and a quarter. The territory of this abbey is very fmali.
Abbey of
ROTHMUNSTER.
'The
The Cißercian abbey of Rotbtnunßer, in Latin I'allis B. Marice Virgifiis
belonging to the diccefe of Coßanz, lies on the Nxkar, not far from the
Imperial town of Roihweil. This abbey was originally but a fmall convent
called Hohenmaure?i, which flood near Rothiveil at a place called Alteßadf^
but afterwards in a wildernels called Holperbach, and at laß: was removed
to the place of its prefent fituation about the year 1224, and named Rjk~
mu7ißcr. It is fubjedl to the abbot of SalmaTijweil. The title of its abbefs
is that of moil noble lady-abbefs of the Imperial foundation and abbey
of Rothmimßer. In the Diet of the Empire flie has a feat and vote on
the bench of the Snvabian prelates betwixt the abbefles of Lindau and
Heggbach, but in that of Sivabia betwixt Gutenzeil and Baindt. Her prefent
afleflment in the matricula of the Empire and Circle is
nineteen florins,
but to the kammerziele fhe is rated at forty ruthlers, fifty-four kruitzers.
To its jurifdidlion belong
The villages of Aixen, Lauffen, Fridüngen, Zcpfejihan,
&c.
BAINDT.
77je A B B E Y of
The Cißercian abbey of Baindt, in Latin Powidum, and alfo Abbatia
Binfenßs, or Hortus foridus, belonging to the cathedral of Coßanz, and
fubjed to the diredlon of the abbot of Salmanfis:eil, lies on the river Schuß^
in the diflriä; o^ Altor f. This abbey was founded in the year 1241, and in
1376 taken under the particular protedion of the Empire, and freed from
all exadtions and impofls of the prefed. The tide of its abbefs is that of
moft noble la jy-abbsfs of the Imperial foundation and abbey of i?tz/W/
of the holy Roman Empire. In the Imperial Diet Ihe holds the lafl feat on
the bench of Sivabian prelates, and in the circle of Swabia the fame on "
the bench of the prelates thereof. Her afTcfTment in the tnatricula of the
Empire and Circle is at prefent only four florins, and her contingency to the
chamber at Wetzlar thirteen ruthlers, forty-fix kruitzers and a quarter.
Vol. V. LI This

258 GERMAN r.
[Alfclihaufen.
This abbey is under the protecl^ion of the diftridl, and pays annually for
protedlion-money one florin in gold, two cakes of gingerbread, three
buihels of peas, and alfo twenty bufliels of oats for the privilege of felling
wood in the foreft of yf/Vor/. It h;s no peculiar territory of its own, and
but one fingle tenant liable to taxes ; its proper fubjeds being under the
dominion of other lordfliips, and indeed the greateft part of its lands alfo
under the high and low jurifdiftion of the prefedurate.
'The Commandery (9/"Airchhauren, together iioith the other commanderies
of the Teiitonick order lyi?ig /;z the circle (s/^Swabia, and
belongvig to the bailiwick of Alface and Burgundy.
The commandery of Alfchhanfen belongs to the Taitonich order within
the bailiwicks oi Alface and Burgundy. The commandery of this bailiwick,
which is alfo that of Aljchhanjen^ is reckoned indeed among the Imperial
prelates, but in the Diet of the Empire belongs, on account of this cominandery,
to the college of Sivabian counts, and alfo in the circle of Swabia
to the bench of counts and lords, on wnich it has the firfl: feat. Its affefTment
in the Imperial matricula, which formerly amounted to one hundred
and fixty florins, was, in the year 1682, reduced to fixty ; but it pays to
the chamber at Wetzlar a hundred and one ruthl^rs, forty-five kiuitzers.
To this commandery belongs
Alfchhaiißn, or Altjchaujen, alfo called Alß.'aufen, a caßle, which is the
refidence of the country commandery of the bailiwick of Alface and Burgundy,
and lies betwixt the diftrift of ^//cr/'and the counties of Kom^feck
and Scheer. The place of the fame name fituate near it is a free Imperial
village, whofe title to jurifdidion in ecclefiafliical and civil matters, has
been frequently contefted by the Teutonick order.
The villages of Alligcbe, Eberjpach, Gombs, and Muchbach, together with
/everal hamlets and manors lie round the before-mentioned calfle.
The other commanderies of the bailiwick of Alface and Burgundy in the
circle of Sivabia, but of which only thofe of Meinau pay their contingency
to the Imperial matricula of the commandery are the following ; viz.
I. The commanderies of Rohr and Waldjietten, to which belong the
following places :
namely,
1. Within the marggravate of Burgau.
llobr, a market-town, fituate on the river Kamblach, not far from the
abbey of Wettenhaujen.
Waldfletten, a market-town, fituate not far from Gunz.
Blaichcn, a village, feated betwixt the rivers Gunz and Kamblach.
2. The village oi Setzingen, with the market-town of üfrA-//«g-^« and the
callie of Arneckt on the river Blau, are either wholly, or only in part, furrounded

.
Oettlngen.]
GERMANY,
rounded by the territories of the Imperial city of Vim.
3. The adminiftratorlliip in the Imperial city of Raiensbiirg.
4. The caftle oi Achberg^ together with fome hamlets on the eaftern
borders of the county of Montfort.
II. The commandery of Meinau, to which belongs
'59
1. Meinau, a fmall pleafant ifland, fituate in the Bodmer or VeherUngerlake,
which Arnold of Langenßein conferred on the Teutonick order in
the year 1282. This ifland produces wine and corn, and on it {lands a
commandery-houfe.
2. The wards in the town of Immenßadt belonging to Count Konivfeck,
and alfo in the Imperial town of Veberlingen.
3. The manor of Blumenfeld lying betwixt the landgravate of Nellenburg,
the canton of Schafhäufen, the landgravates of Baar and Stuhlingen,
and the county of Thengcn. To it belongs.
Blumenfeld, a fmall town, feated on the river Ach.
The villages of Leipferdingen, Wolterdingen, Binningen. See.
III. The commandery of Beuggen, to which belong
The market-towns of Beuggen, with the flewartry of Frick^ in the
fouthern part of the Brifgau, and that of Rheinjelden.
IV. The commandery of Freyburg, in the town of Freyburg in the Brifgau.
To it belong the villages of Wafeniveiler, fituate betwixt Freyburg
and the Rhine-, with thofe of Waldorf, Sch'voandorf, and Volmariiigen, lyin'^
all three in the neighbourhood of the Wurtemberg towns of Nagold and
Haiterbach ; as alfo Raxingen, Hingen, Rohrdorf, and Hemmetidorf, feated
in the neighbourhood of the Außrian towns of Horb and Ehingen.
The 'Territories bel(mgiiig to the houfe of Cotmt
Oettingen - Wallerftein
Lie partly in that trad of land called the Hertfeld, or Hartfeld, in Latin
Jurus campus, being a fandy and barren foil, and are
I. Thofe manors belonging to the counts of the line oi Oetiingen-Oettingen,
which are within the government of Waller/kin, namely,
1
The prefedurate of Wallerjlein,
in which is
Wallerßcin, a market-town, containing a refidence-caftle.
2. Theprefedurate of the marquifate of O^'w^tv/, in which is
The marquifate of Offngen, a market-town.
3. The manor oiThannhaufen, or Damihaifen, having its feat in a villa-Je
of the fame name, not far from Sechta.
4. The ftewartry of Flochberg, which has its feat in the village of the
fame name, not far from the town of Bopfingen.
5. The prefedurate of Neveß^eim, in which is
L 1 2 Nereßeim,

26o GERMANY. [Oetttingen.
'Nereß:eim, a fmall town, fituate in the Hertfcld. Near it on the mounof
St. Vlrichjbcrg ftands the BenediBifie monaflery of Nereßx'im, which
was founded in the year 1095, hy coxini Hartf}ia7i?2 \\\. o^ Ditlijigm and
A'r.%;-^ in the Imperial diftrift of Nfr^/ZW/;;, and on the extindlion of the
counts of Dillif/gen in 1286, fell under the territorial jurifdidon of Oettingen.
It obtained indeed a papal bull of exemption, but without detriment
to the territorial jurifdidion, hereditary protedion, and adminiftration
of the counts of Oettingen.
6. The lordrtiip and prefedurate of Bifzingen, through which runs the
little river of Koßel-, containing in it the market towns of Upper-Bißngeiiy
and the cp.ftle of Hchcnburg, with certain villages and hamlets.
7. Erdling, a village and commandery of the order of St. John, fituate
not far from the town of Nordlingen, is under the protedion and territorial
jurilciidtion of the counts of Ot'////?^^;?.
8. Kirchheim and Maihing, or Mohing, are convents, over which the
counts of Oettingen have the right
of protedion and adminiftration.
II, The manors inherited by the counts of the extind line of Oettingen-
Oettingen, and poflefled by virtue of the compad entered into with Oettingm-Spielherg.
Thefe are under a particular government, and are
1. The Upper-Amt, or prefedurate of Alerheim, in which is
Alerheim, a caftle and large village, containing a Lutheran pariHi.
Near it, in the year J 645, was fought a battle betwixt the French and
Bavarians.
Hohkirch, a market-town, feated on the river Wornitz, and in which
is held the criminal court of this Vpper-Amt. This town contains a Lutheran
pari Ol.
2. The ffleg-amt or bailiwick of the convent of Zimmern^ confifts of the
ancient Cijiercian nunnery of Zimmern. This place at prefent, together
with Dcining, forms a Lutheran parifli.
%. The upper prefedurate of Harburg, in which is
Harburg, a large market-town and caftle, feated on the river Wornitz,
and containing a fpecial fuperintendency over eight parifties.
Appezhojen,
parilhes.
-3. village, which is alio a fuperintendency including eight
4. The prefedurate of ii«/i6tf?/5, to which belongs
Hohaiis, a caftle, and
H-Jx'u-Altheim, a caftle and village, containing a Lutheran parlfli.
5. The manor of Chrijfgarten, confifting of an ancient monaftery of
Carthujians.
6. The counts of Oetti?igen have the protedion and adminiftration of
the BenediSiine monaftery of Dettingen.
Obf. 1. The houfe of 0^//z«^^«, together with four other families, has
alfo a fhare in the parochial village of 'Trochtelfingen on the Eger, fituate
betwixt

Mofzklrch.] GERMANY. 26j
betwixt NordUngen and Bopßngen. The minifter here is alfo Lutheran
and fpecial intcndant to the count of Oettingai-Oettingen, with eleven
Lutheran paiiflies under him. 2. The caftle and village of Diemajitßein,
giving title to an ancient noble family, and lying on the borders of the
dutchy of Neiiburg, which, together with Burgberg, efcheated as a vacant
fief to
Poflefs in
the Oettingen family,
"The Cotmts of Oettingen-Baldern
the county of Oettingen
I. The prefedlurate of Baldern, to which belongs
Baldern, a market-town and the refidentiary feats, together with Mark
Zobtng a market- town.
II. The manor of Rotting, which takes its name from a villa^'-e.
III. The manor of Aufhäufen, alfo receiving its name from a villa'^e
fituate on the little river Eger.
IV. The manor of Ratze?ißein, in which ftands the caflle and vllla'^e of
together with two other villages and a hamlet.
MOSZKIRCH.
The Furftenberg Lordßjip of
Ratzenftein,
The lordrtiip of Mofzkircb which lies on the Danube betwixt the upper
county oi Hohenbcrg, the county of Sigmaringen, the abbey oi Petershaujen,
the commaniery of Alfchhaufen, and the lordihip of Waldjperg, formerly belonged
to the counts of Zimmern, and afterwards to the counts of Helfcnßein,
which laft became utterly extindl in the year 1627. Count IVratijlaus
II. of Furjicnberg, who fucceilively married the two counrcffcs of
Helfenftein, the latter of whom, v\2\\\td. Francifca Carolina, was heirefs to
Rudolph the laft count of Helfen/hin, brought this lordfhip to his houfe,
founding the line oi Furßenberg-Mojzk: rch. This lordihip at preient conflitutes
a prefeöurate, to which belongs
Mofzkircb, or Mjzkirch, a town and caflle, fituate in a country called Madach,
and reckoned in the Hgau. In this town is z convent of Qipuchins.
Meningen, a mnrket-town.
The villages of Geckingen, Heudorf, Kreefiheimfletten, Langenhart, Leiberdingen,
and Rohrdorf, in the latter of which fl;ood the family feat of the
ancient counts of Rokrdorf.
JVildefijtein, a calHe, feated on two fieep rocks on the Danube, and
pardy hewn out of them, belonged to the barons of Gundelfingcn, afterwards
to the counts of Zimmern, and next to the counts of Hc/fenßein,
from whom it defcended to the Furßenberg family.
Falkenßein, a caftle, fianding on a mountain on the north fide of the
Danube^ and giving title to tlie ancient counts of Zimmern,
Obf.

262 GERMANY. [Baar.
Obf, In this place moft properly comes in the lordfliip of WaUfpcrg,
which gives title to the houfe of Furßenberg. It lies betwixt the lordfhip
of Mofzkircb, the landgravate of Neuenbürg, and the commandery of Aifchhaiijhj,
being formerly a knight's fief, purchafed by the houfe of Furftenberg,
but the Teiitonick order referved the right of inveftiture to themfelves,
the exercife of which was difputed by the houfe of Furfienberg.
This lord-Qiip contains the villages of JVojidcrf zudi Grombach, together with
feveral manors and hamlets.
Lordship of
WIESEN
TT^e
STEIG
Lies betwixt the dutchy of Wurtemberg and the terrtitorles of the Imperial
city of 17//«, being about two miles long and as much in breadth. It defcended
from the dukes of T^eck to the counts of Helfenßeifi, and has given
name to a peculiar line. On the failure of the counts of this houfe in the
year i
627, in the perfon of Count Rudolph, one third of this lordfliip devolved
to the houfe of Furßenberg, but the other two thirds were purchafed
by the Eledtor of Bavaria of the two elder daughters of the lall
count J to this the dukes of Wurtemberg indeed would not give their confent,
and, in the year 1704, took pofTcfTion of the lordfhip, but by virtue
of the peace of Banden, concluded in the year 17 14, were obliged to rellore
it to the Eledior of Bavaria, who, as lord thereof, has, in the Diet of
the Empire, a feat and vote in the college of the Swabian counts, and in
the circle of Sivabia on the bench of counts, and as fuch is alTefTed by
the Imperial matricida at twenty-four florins, and to a kammerziele pays
ten ruthlers, feventy-three kruitzers. To this lordfliip belongs
Wiefenßeig, a fmall town, fituate in a valley on the Fih amidfl high
mountains, and containing a caflle. This place is a canonry dedicated to
St. Cyriac, being originally founded in the year 861 both as a Bcnedi^ine
convent and a nunnery of Francifcans. In the year 164H it was almoft
entirely confumtd by fire.
Deckingen, a market-town, fituate on the Fih.
The villages of Ditzenbach, Gajpach, Hocbenjiatt, Muhlhaufen, Reichenbach,
and Wefterheim on the Alb.
'The Furfienberg Landgravate of B A A R.
The landgravate of Baar feems to derive its name from the word baar^
i. e. naked or bare, this country in comparifon of that part of the Schwarzivald
in which it lies being bare, fmooth, and clear of large wood. However
it appears that anciently even a tradt of the Schwarzwald belonged to
5
the

KlnzinThale.] GERMANY, 26 >
the Gau or diflrld of Baar. In it the Danube, or Donau, has Its fourcc,
at leaft with refpedl to its name. For the river of Brigach which runs
from St. George into the dutchy of Wiirtember g, and alfo the Brege from
Furtiöangen uniting, together with the Fehrenbach, below Donauefchingen
are indeed more confiderable than the fmall river which runs at the fame
place into thefe united flreams, notvvithfl:anding which this is commonly
called the Danube; and it is certain that that name firft had its rife near
Donauefchingen.
The moft remarkable places in this landgravate are the following : i-iz.
Fiirjlenberg, a fmall town and caftle, feated on a mountain, from which
the Furßenbcrg family takes its name.
Neiding, a market town, fituate on the Danube, with a Cißercian nunnery
in it which is the burial-place of the Furßenberg family.
Blumberg, a fmall town, but the refidence of a prefedturate.
Hufi'igcn, a little town feated on a mountain, and containing a prefecfturate.
Lößiigen, a fmall town, fituate in a fruitful valley, in which is a prefedurate
and a medicinal bath.
Fridenweiler, a nunnery of Cißercians belonging to the cathedral of
Sfrafzburg.
Fehrenbach, a little town feated on a mountain.
Donauefchingen, or Donefchingen, a market-town, near which the Danube
takes its name, is the refidence of the Prince of Furßenberg, and the
feat of the court of juftice, the regency, chancery, and treafury.
Geifingen, a little town, lying on the Danube, and being alfo the refider.CJ
of an adminiftrator.
JVartenberg, a caflle, feated on a mountain, and having anciently free
lords of its own.
Amptenhaußn, or Ampthaufen, a Benedivine nunnery.
Moringen, a fmall town and caflle, fituate on the Danube, and containinoa
prefedurate.
The Furflenberg Loi'dßnp of Haufen in
the Kinzing Thale.
This lordfliip lies in the Schiaarzwalde, or Black Forefi, on the river of
Kinzing, its principal places are the following : viz.
Haußn, a fmall cown and caflle, feated on the river of Kinzing;.
a
Jiaßzlach, a fmall town, fituate al(o on the Kinzing, and containing
prcfcclurate.
Wclffach, a litfle town and caflle feated on the river Kinzing, into which
at this place runs the Wolffüch. In it is a prefedurate.
Wittichen, or Witlichen, a nunnery of the order of St. Clara, and belonging
to the cathedral of Coßanz.
Ripplifau, or Rippl'nfau, a Benedi£linc priory, fubjed to the jurifdidion
of the abbey of /////;^^f/'/. 37a?

264. G E R M A N T, [Tettnang.
^he counts {j/' MoNTFORT on aceomit of the
Lordßjip of Tettnang.
§. I. ''"T^HE counts of Montfort take their title from the ruinated moun-
^ tain-caftle of the Tame naoie, fituated in the county of Feldkirch,
See Vol. IV. p. 240.
In the thirteenth century lived Rudolph Count of Moiitforf, whofe fons
Hugo, Rudolph, and Ulrich, founded three lines ; namely the firfl: that of
'Tettnang, the fecond that of Feldkirch, and the third that of BregeJiz.
The lalt of thefe failed in the year 1338, the fecond in 1390 in Count
Rudol'fh, who, in 1365, fold the county of Feldkirch ot Montfcrt to the
houfe of Auftria. The firfl: or Tettnarig line remaining, divided itfelf in
Hugos fons William and Henry into the collateral lines of Bregenz and 'TeUna?ig.
The latter failed about the middle of the fixteenth century, but
the former alienated the county of Bregenz. See Vol. IV. p. 239, together
with other lordfliips and eftates, which flill continue in the lordfliip of
'Teit/iancr.
§. 2. This lordfliip of Tettnang lies on the Bofidenfee, or lake of Coßanz,
between the diftriä: of AltorJ, the territories of the towns of Wangen and
Lindau, and the lordfliip of Wajferburg belonging to count Fugger, being
watered by the rivers Schufz and Arg.
§. 3. The title of the lord hereof of is Governing count of Montjort,
lord of Bregenz, Tettnang, and Argen. His arms are a banner ruby with
three rings topaz in a field pearl. His afleflrnent in the Imperial matricula
is two horfe and eleven foot, or fixty-eight florins, and his contingency to
the chamber of Wetzlar fixty-one ruthlers, twenty-eight kruitzers and
three quarters. He enjoys both feat and vote not only in the Imperial
Diet of the college of Swabian counts, but alfo in that of the circle of
S\vabia.
§. 4. The diftricts and principal places belonging to this lordfliip are the
following :
viz.
Tettnang, or Taftfiang, commonly called Teflang, a fmall town and
caftle, feated on the Muhlenbach, which runs into the Schujz.
2. The manor of Land-waibel in which is Thann a parochial village with
a convent in it belonging to the order of St. Paul the Herjnite.
Not far from this village is another convent of Hermites called Argenhart.
3. The manor of Hemmickhofen, to which belong the feats of Hemmickhofen
and Schleinfee or Schlifnjec, as alfo the pariflies of Gati7iau.
4. The manor of Langnau containing
Langnau,

Truchfefs.] GERMANY, 26-
»
Langnau, a convent of the order of St. Paid the Hermit,', fituate near
the river Arg.
SummeraUy a feat.
Wielandsweiler, a hamlet, in which the fteward of the manor refides.
Hiltenf^veiler, a parochial village.
5. The diftriä: of Neukirch, in which are the parochial villages of Na/-
kirch. Copperfweiler, and Wilpotjweiler.
6. The lordfliip of Argen lies on the lake of Coftanz, being fuhjedl to a
high-fteward. To it belongs
Langen-Argen, a large parochial village, fituate on tlie lake of Coßa7iz,
but the caftle of Argen (lands in it.
Nonnenhach, a hamlet, and the refidence of a fleward.
Obf. The lorddiip of ScJjomburg within the territories of Maitfort on
the Upper-Argen belongs to the Imperial nobility of Algciu and the Ecdenfee,
containing in it the caftle of
Schomburg, which is fituate on a mountain and the pariflies of Bronenfweiler
and Hafzlach. At Pflegelberg on the river Arg is a cuftom-houfe.
Tfie Counties and Lordßjips of the nohle fa?nily of Truchfefs
Imperial he?'edita?y Steiva?'ds
of Wald burg.
'T^HESE lie betwixt the Danube and the Her; and of the particular fituation
•*-
of each an account Ihall be given in the fequel. The caflle oiWaldburq^
gave name to the ancient family of the barons of IFaldburg, who were at
firft: hereditary ftewards to the dukes of Szvabia, but in 1518 obtained from
the Eledtor palatine the furvivorfhip of the high office of hereditary fteward
of the Empire, and for the firft time officiated as luch at the diet of the
Empire held zt Ratisbon in the year 1594: At length this title of their
office [Erbtruchfe) became alfo their proper name. For a confidersble time
they held, by way of mortgage, the procuratorffiip of Sicabia, fee Vol. IV.
p. 241. and even one hundred years before that mortgage, namely in 122;,
that office was enj«jyed by the lord fteward Eberhard Truchfefz. The title of
count was conferred on them by Ferdinand II. in the year 16 18, or rather
renewed, the lord fteward Gebhard having long before borne the title of
count, but this his defcendants dropt. James and George Tons to the lord
ftieward John, in the fifteenth century founded the two lines of Scheer and
^o^6'^||- which are ftill exifting: That of Scheer was again divided into
two other lines in the fons of Chrijlopher ; William Henry propagating that
of Scheer^ and Frederick being the founder of that of Trauchburg. The
Wolfegg line was in the fons of George IV. again divided into thofe of Wol~
ffi^gS-^'^^W''SS>
of which Honoriui was the founder and that of Wolffegg-zeil^
Vol. V. Mm. which

^
266 GERMANY. [Zeil.
which commenced in Frobenius. Of the former the V/a\dfee is a collateral
line, as JVtirzach is of that of Zeil. All thefe feveral lines fit in the Diet
of the circle of Snvabia as States of the circle ; but the office of hereditary
fteward of the Empire belongs to the eldeft of the principal line of Wolff egg^
who holds it in fief of the Eledlor of Bavaria as arch high-fleward of the
Empire. As a mark of this office the hereditary fteward bears three monds
topaz in a field ruby, his arms for Waldhu7-g being three pine-apples topaz
iii a field faphire. In the diet of the Empire they enjoy only a fingle vote
among the counts of Sivabia-, but in that of the circle of Swabia three,
viz. one for Zeil and Wurzach, another for Wolffegg and the JValdfee, and
t])e third for Scheer, Dunnentiirgen and Trauchburg. They have indeed follicited
for a fourth vote on account of Trauchburg, but their allegations were
found of little weight. In the circular Diets they alternate in votes and
feats with the houfes of Konigfegg. The afleffment of the family of Erbtruchejefs
in the matricula of the Empire amounts to three hundred and
twelve florins, to which the principal hne of Scheer pays ninety-fix florins for
Scheer and forty-eight for Trauchburg . The principal line oi Wolffegg pays alfo
one hundred and forty-four florins, exclufive of twenty-four for Marjietten.
The former of thefe two pays to the Imperial chamber at Wetzlar one
hundred and thirty-nine ruthlers, twenty-feven kruitzers : the latter being
rated for Wolffegg at forty-one ruthlers, fixty-nine kruitzers and a half; for
the Waldfee fifty-one ruthlers, five kruitzers ; for Zeil twenty-three ruthlers,
twenty-one kruitzers and a quarter; and for Wurzach twenty-three ruthlers,
twenty-one kruitzers and a quarter. The family of Truchfefz, together
with their fervants and vaflals are by the charters of feveral Emperors and
Kings, particularly of the Emperor Frederick III. in the year 1464, exempted
from being tried by a foreign court.
'The Line of the Count of Wolffegg-Zeil.
Of which the count in pofi"effion ftiles himfelf hereditary fteward of the
holy Roman Empire and count oi Zeil, baron o{ Waldburg, lord 0^ Wurzach
Marßetten, Altma?inJhofen, Wolffegg, and the Waldfee. To it belongs
T'be County of X E I L.
Which lies in the Algau, betwixt the county of Wurzach and Leutkircher
heath. It had anciently counts of its own who became extinö in
the thirteenth centu.y, on which the Emperor Lewis of Bavaria mortgaged
it to John Truchjefz of Walburg ; but it was afterwards ceded to the
Emperor Charles IV. as a male-fief. To it belongs.
Ziih a caftle and borough, fituate on the little river Aitrach.
Aichßetteny

.
WolfFegg.] GERMANY,
267
Aicklletten^ a village lying on the fame river.
Alttnannßofen, a village, feated alfo on the little river Aitrach, and bsin?
likewife a lordfliip conftituting part of the count's title.
The villages of Reicbenhofen, Diepolzhofen, Seubrant, and Houlißxfe?:.
The Line of the Counts
of Wolffcgg-Zeil-Wurzach
Bears the fame title with the former, and its territories aie
1
.The lordfliip of Wurxach lying in the yllgau, betwixt the lordfliip
of Kifzkgg, the county of WoJffegg, the lordfhip of Waldburg and the abbeys
oi Ochfenhaiifen 3,nd Roth; and which came to the family of T'ruchfejz bv
Clara, countefs of Neijfen, fpoufe to Count 'John. In it is
Wurzach, a fmall town feated on the river Aitrach.
The village of Elbwangen with feveral hamlets and farm-houfes.
2. The lordfliip of Marßetten or Mahljletten lying on the Her, about one
hour and a quarter wefl: from the town of Memmingen, and formerly belonging
to the counts oi Konigjegg, by whom it was fold to the Truchfcfzes.
This lordfliip contains in it
Marflettoi, a caftle in a ruinous condition, feated on the Her.
Aitrach, or Eitrach, a large village lying on the little river of the fame
name, which below it joins the Her, A fpecies of fifli called Jiafen, j. e.
fnouts, come in fpring time in flioals from the Her into that o^ Aitrach in
order to fpawn, when vafl: numbers of them are caught and exported in
fait to Bavaria. Though but a village this place carries on a very large
trade with Vienna in wood and floats.
MooßMufen, a village.
Ferthofin, a hamlet, in which is a bridge over the river Iler^ and a ftrong
cuftom-houfe, together v/ith many other hamlets.
The Line of the Counts of Wolffegg-Wolffegg.
The reigning count of which bears this title, hereditary fteward of the
holy Roman Empire, count of Wdffegg, baron of Waldburg, lord of the
Waldjee, Zeil, Wurxach and Marßetten, as alfo of Kifzlegg, Walterßofen,
he Rothjee, Frajfzberg and Leypolz. Its territories are
I, The lordfliip of Wolfegg, which lies betwixt the lordftiips of the
Waldfee, Wurzach, and Kijzlegg, and the diftrid of Altorf, forming alfo a
part of the portion of Clara countefs of Neißeii. To it belongs
Wolffegg, or Wolffeck, a village and feat.
Dieimans, Neckenfurt, Rottenbach, Schivarzacht
The villages of Arnach,
Thann, and Ziegelbach, with many other hamlets and farms.
II. The lordlhip of Waldburg is environed by the diftridl of Altorf, but
M m 2
together

268 GERMANY. [Scheer-Scheer,
together with its upper and lower jurifdiftion belongs to the counts of
Wolff'egg, feme hamlets and farms excepted which lie among the lands
of the diftri(fl, and are fubjeä: alfo to its upper jurifdidion. In it is
Waldbürg, a village and caftle, ftanding on a hill, and the original feat
of the houfe of Truchfefz.
The villages of Upper-Edensbach, and Schregsberg, with feveral hamlets
and parcels of land, all fubjedl to the lower jurifdidlion of the count; the
upper jurifdidion thereof belonging to the jufticiary of the diftridt.
III. The lordihip of Kijzkgg lying betwixt the above diftri(S, the counties
of Zeil and Wolff'egg, and the lordfliip of Egloff; but a part of it
belongs alfo to the Trauchburg line. Near the caftle of Kifzkgg or
Kicfelegg is a kind of market-town with a nunnery of Francifcans in it.
The village of Walterßxfen is mentioned as a lordfhip in the count's title.
Obf. The lordfhips of Prafzberg and Leypolz are under the high and
foreft jurifdidlion of the diftri(5tj but the lower jurifdidtion thereof belongs
to the Ti-uchfefzes.
The Li'me
of the Count of WolfFegg-Waldfee.
Who ftiles
himfelf hereditary fteward of the holy Roman Empire, count
of Wolff'egg, Zeil, Wurzach, Mar and Winterfietten. His lands are
I. The lorddiip of the Waldfee which lies betwixt the county of Wol~
ffegg, the diftridl of Altorf, and the abbey of Schuffenried, and is a mort-.
gage from the houfe of Auflria. In it is
The caftle near the little town of Waldfee, in which, though belonging
to Aiißria, the Truchfefzes have a manfion-houfe.
Twenty-three villages, hamlets and farms, with a Francifcan nunnery
called Reuce.
II. The manor of Winterfietten on the river Rifz, another mortgage
from the houfe of Auflria ; and which, exclufive of the caftle and little
market-town of Winterfietten, contains in it fifteen villages hamlets and farms.
The Lifte of Scheer-Scheer.
The count of which ftiles himfelf hereditary fteward of the holy Ro"
men Empire, count of Friedberg and 'Trauchburg, baron of Waldburg,
lord of Scheer, Durmentingen, Bitffen and Kifzkgg. This count is proprietor
of
I. The lordfliip of Scheer, which lies on the Danube, and borders on
the Alb, being a cold barren foil, purchafed in the year 1463 of the houfe
of Au/lria. In it is
Scheer, a fmall town and caftle feated on the Danube.
] II. The

Konig/egg.] GERMANY. 269
II. The county of Friedberg, alfo purchafed of the houfe of Außria in
the year 1463. In it is
Friedberg, a caftle, fituate betwixt the Aiiflrian towns of Mengen and
Saulgeti.
III. The lordfliip of Durmeting, or Durmentingen., fituate on the river
Kanzach, which ilTues out of the Federjee and runs into the Danube. In
is the market-town of the fame name.
it
IV. The lordfliip of Bufz, which like the former lies on the other fide
of the Kanzach, and is
a mortgage of the houfe oi Außria to xheTruchfeJzes.
Exclufive of the caflle of the fame name this lordfliip contains in it five
other places.
V. The village of Retiartpweiler, fituate betwixt Saulgen and Aulendorf.
The Li?ie of Trauchburg.
The count of which ftiles hlmfelf hereditary fteward of the facred Roman
Empire, count of T'rauchburg and Friedberg, baron of JValdbunr,
lord oiKi/zlegg, Herroth, Neidegg, Scheer, Durnwitingen and Biijfen. His
lands are
I. The county of Trauchburg lying betwixt the abbey of Kempten and
which belonged formerly to the family of Voringen^
tlie lordfliip of Egloff,
of whom the Truchfezßs purchafed it in the year 1309.
The caftle of Trauchburg, with the village of Weilen, which is fubjecH:
to it, is an Außrian fief.
Neidegg, or Ncideck, a caftle.
II. A part of the before-mentioned lordfliip o( Kifzlegg.
III. The lordfliip of Herroth, fituate betwixt the lordfliip of Kiß::/egg
and the Leutkircher heath.
Obf. In the Imperial town of T/w is an abbey of BenediSline monks,
of which the Truchfcfzes are patrons, defenders, and adminiftrators.
Of the Counts of Königs egg and the Territories
in the Circle of Swabi a.
'T~^HE family of the lords of Königfeck is of very great antiquity, and in
'''
Hugh and John George, fons to George, baron of Konigfeck, was divided
into two linesj the former commencing in that of Rothejfels, and the latter
being the founder of the line of Aulendorf, both which were by the Emperor
Ferdinand II. raifed to the dignity of counts of the Empire. The title of
each

270 GERMANY, [Konlgfegg.
each of thefe lines runs thus, "viz. Counts of the holy Roman Empire of
Konigjcgg and Rothe?ifeh, and Barons of Aukfidorf and Stauffen. The
Aulendorf line adds alfo to it that of lords of Ebenweikr and Wald in
Sioabia. Their arms are chequee topaz and ruby. In the diet of the Empire
they poifefs only one vote in the college of the Sicabian counts, but
V
in that of the circle of Sivahia each line has one vote, alternating among
themfelves and the hereditary Erbtruchfefz lines both with refpedl to feat
and voice. In the Imperial nwtricula their affeffment for Konigfeck Berg
is twenty florins, for Au/endorf twenty-four, and for Rothenfeh and Stauffen
forty. Their contingency to the chamber at Wetzlar is for Aulendorf,
twenty-eight ruthlers, thirty-eight kruitzers and a half, and for Rothenfeh
and Stauffen thirty ruthlers, fifty-nine kruitzers and one ninth.
The Line of the Comits of Konigfegg-Rothenfels
are proprietors of
The county of Rothenfeh, together with the lordfliip of 5'/^^/^«. This
county lies in the Algau betwixt the bifhopric of Augsburg, the abbey of
Kempten, the county of Trauchbwg, and the Auflrian lordfliips of Arlberg.
It is near five German miles long, and betwixt two and three in breadth, and
•anciently belonged to the counts of Montfort, of whom it waspurchafed by
the Konigfegg family in the fixteenth century. The remarkable places
in it
are
Rothenfeh, a caflle, feated on a hill. Beneath it lies
Immenjlatt, a large market-town, fituate betwixt the Alpjee and \}neller, on
a ftream which iflues out of the former into the latter. In it is a monaftery
of Capuchins.
Werdenjiein,
a caflle.
Stauffen, a caflle, {landing on a mountain, and having a barony belonging
to it.
The Li?ie of the Counts of Konigfegg-Aulendorf, pojfejfes
I. The county of Konigfegg, lying betwixt the county of Heiligenberg,
the lordlhip of Scheer, the commandery of Alchhaufen, and the fheriffdom
of Altorf. In it is
Kofiigßgg, or Konigfeck, a caftle, (landing on a hill, and the original
feat of the family.
The villages of Wald, Gugenhaufen, and Ebenweikr.
II. The barony of Aulendorf which lies betwixt the commandery of
Alfchhaufen, the prefefturate of Altorf, and the abbey of Sckiffenried,
The principal place in it is
Aulendorf a caflle nd market-town, flanding on a hill, at the foot of
which ru ns the Scbuf. The

MIndellieim.] GERMANY, 271
'The
Lordships of
MiNDELHE IM and Schwabeck.
f\^ the lorfliip o{ Mindelhe'im, 'john Bcpt. Homann has publiflied a map
^^ which conftitutes the eighty-fifth in the Atlas of Gennauy, hut from
it the political boundaries of the lordfliip cannot be (cen^ for it exhibits
only the foreft of Mi?idelheim according to its eight Huten, or commons.
This lordihip lies in the Algau being environed by the lordlhip of Schwabeck,
the abbey of Trjee, the marggravate of Burgau, and the territories o(
Count Fugger and others. It is about two German miles fquare, and formerly
belonged to the dukes of Teck, being at that time the only remaining part
of all their lands. On their extinftion it devolved to the family of Rechberg,
and from them to that of Freundsberg, who alfo failing, a conteft
arofe about it betwixt the families of Fugger and Maxelrain ; but the
latter transferring their right to Duke Maximilian of Bavaria in the year
1612, he made himfelf mafter of the lordfliip and tranfmitted it to his
defcendants. The Eledor of Bavaria being put under the ban in the year
1706, the Emperor raifed this lordfliip to a principality, conferring it as
a fief on the moft illuftrious duke of Marlborough, who was created a
Prince of the Empire, and inveüed alfo with a feat and vote not only in
the bench of Princes of the circle of S%vabia, but likewife in the Imperial
Diet. By the peace oi Raßadt and Baaden, however, in the year 17 14,
Mindelheim reverted again under its ancient title of a lordlhip to the Eleäor
of Bavaria, who on account thereof enjoys both a feat and vote on the
bench of counts and barons of the Sioabian circle j but I do not find that
a vote is allowed for it in the college of counts at the Imperial Diet.
In the matricula of the Empire this lordlhiip is affefled at three horfe and
ten foot, or feventy-fix florins. Its quota to the chamber of Wetzlar is
ninety-two ruthlers, two kruitzers and three quarters.
I. In the lordlhip of Mindelheitn are the following places: viz..
Mindelheim, a town, fituate on the river Mindel, and in the pariflichurch
of which are interred fome dukes of Teck. In this town is a
college of Jefuits, vVith a gymnafium, and a Francifcan convent. On a
hill near it ftands the feat of its lord, named St. Georgenberg.
The parochial villages of Breitenbronn, fituate on the river Kamlach -y
Dorfchhaufen in the Heßewang ; Durkivang on the river Mindel ; Eittenhäufen,
Erijried, Haufen, Kirchdorf in the Jießeivang j Kottgetricd, Loppenhaufen
fituate on the river Kamlach ; Mindtau in the Heßewang ; NaJJenbeuren,
Upper and Under-Kamlach fituate on the river of the fame name near
Reyfersbfrg^

2^2
GERMANY, [Gundelfingen.
'Rcvßnberg, the native place of the celebrated geographer John Baptißa
Hoinann ; Upper-Turbach, Saiga, or Saulgen, Stockheim, Vnder-Aurbach
feated on the little river of Aurbacb ; Under-Rieden lying near Reyfersbach
on the river Kamlacb ; JVarmJried, and Weßernach.
Frickenhaujen, a handfome village, with a fmall caftle in it, fituate not
far from Gwiz, in which the lordfhip oi Mindelheim poffeffes onehalf of the
upper-iurifdidtion, but the other half, together with the lower-jurifdiäion
thereof, belongs to the lower hofpital of Memmuigen. In this place is dug
a clay which makes a beautiful earthen-ware.
Dafperg, a village, fituate not far from the Gunz, and having a very
beneficial bath. This place is alfo called Mamiihle.
II. The lordfhip of Schwabeck lies betwixt the lordfliip of Mindelheim
and the diocefe of Augsburg, and is faid to have been forcibly feized by
th6 latter in the year 1208, but afterwards purchafed, by virtue of which
the cathedral always claims it ;
and upon the Eledor of Bavaria's being put
under the ban of the Empire in the year 1
706, they were put in pofTeflion
thereof in 1710, but held it only till the peace of Baaden, when it was
reftored to that Eledlor.
The principal places in it are
Schivabeck, a caftle, and T'urkheim a market-town, fituate on the river
Wertach.
"The Lordjhip of Gundelfingen belonging to
the family of Furstenberg.
'npHIS lordfhip lies betwixt the dutchy of Wurtemberg and the abbey
-*•
of Zivifalten, and had formerly lords of its own, who took their
title from it. On the extinction of thefe it defcended to the counts of
Helfenßein, and on their extincStion alfo came by marriage to Wratißaus
count of Furßenberg. To it belongs
Gunäelfingen, or New-Gtindelfiftgeny a caftle and village, fituate in the
Lauterthale on the river Lauter.
Haingen, a fmall town, feated on the river Lauter.
Bibifiaufen, a village, lying on the Lauter.
Neufra, or Nuifra, a caflle and lordfliip, fituate not far from the Da-^
nube, and Durmentingen^
TBe

Eberfteln.] GERMANY.
2^7
EBERSTEIN
The County of
Lies in the Black Foreß,
betwixt the dutchy o^Wiirtemberg and the Margravate
of Baaden, being watered by the Murg, by means of which great
numbers of timber-floats are carried into the Rhine. On the extindion of
the Counts of Eberßeiuy who were proprietors of this county, in the perfoii
of Count Cafimlr in the year 1660, it fell as a vacant male-fief to the
Marggraves of Baaden-Baaden, to whom a part of it had alfo defcended for
fome time before. It gives title to a feat and vote in the college of Swabian
Counts at the Diet of the Empire, and alfo in that of the Circle. In the
Imperial mairicula the afTeffment of the Counts of Eberßein is
four foot, or
fixteen florins, and their quota to the chamber at Wetzlar ten ruthlers,
feventy-three kruitzers. This county contains
Eberßein, a cal^le, with a market-town of the fame name lying near it.
Gerjpach, a fmall town, feated on the river Murg, and one part of the
inhabitants of which are Lutherans, the other i^^/vw/z-catholics. The cathedral
of Speyr is joint proprietor hereof, and has fometimes even difpofed
of it as a fief.
The parochial villages of Forbach, Weifenbach, Salbach, &c.
Muckenßurm, a market-town, feated without the county in the Marggravate
ot Baaden.
Frauenalb, in Latin Alba dominarum, a BenediBine abbey fijr ladies,
Htuate near the river Alb, and founded by Count Berthold of Eberßein.
Belonging to it are certain villages and hamlets, as namely Voikerjbach,
Pfaffenrotb, Zeil, &c.
Obf. The Counts oi Eberßein were formerly proprietors alfo of the town
oiGcchßoeim and the market-towns of Boltringen and Oberdorf, of which
an account has been given above under the dutchy oi Wurtemberg.
Of the Counts o/' Fugger in general^
lands
and of their
in the circle of^^K^ih in particular,
§. I. 'Tp HE Counts of Fugger are defcended from "John Fiigger an inha-
* bitant of the village oi Graben, which lies not far from Augslmrg,
who removing in the year 1370 to that city became, by marriage, a freeman
V o L. V. N n thereof.

274
GERMANY, [Fugger.
thereof. In the thirteenth century the Fiigger^ were weavers, but afterwards
followed merchandife, and the fons of the above-mentioned ^ohn
Ftigger, viz. Andre'w and "James, by thefe means acquired very confiderable
fortunes. George and Jatnes were the moft remarkable of the fons of the
latter, fames by traffick and dealing in the mines made fuch immenfe additions
to his fortune that he purchafed feveral counties and lordfiiips,
which, having no fons of his own to inherit, he left as a patrimonial eftate
to the children of his brother George. Both he and all the Fuggers were
ennobled by the Emperor Maxitnilian to whom, by their opulence, they
had rendered important fervices. Of Georges fons the moft worthy of
notice are Raymund and Antony, thefe founding the two principal lines,
increafing the lordfhips and eftates they inherited in truft, and in 1530
obtaining alfo the dignity of Barons and Counts from the Emperor Charles V.
for fervices rendered to him of the fame nature with the above. The
capital line of Raymujid became divided in Jolm, James, and George,
the ions of Raymund, into the Pßrtifch and fFeifenhorn branches. Of the
former is defcended the branch of Zinnebejg, and the latter ftill exifts.
The principal line of Antoiiy divides itfelf in his fons Mark, John, and
James, into three brauches. From Mark or Marx, comes the Norndorfy
or Marx Fugger branch which failed in the feventeenth century ; upon
which the lordfliips belonging to it were divided among the two fucceeding
branches. Under the Marx Fugger branch at prefent is to be included
the line proceeding from the John's branch, which obtained the lordlhip
of Norndsf, and was founded by Sebaßian-. From John or Ha?is is derived
the Hans-Fugger branch, the collateral lines of which are that of Kirchbeim
; from Bona-centura that of Worth, which is alfo derived from Sebaßian,
and, as has been obferved above, is called the Marx Fugger branch ; that
of Muckhaujen from Faul, and that of Glottick from Fra?icis Erjieß. From
the abvove-mentioned James is defcended the James-Fugger branch, the
collateral lines of which are that of Babenhaußn from John fon to Jajnes,
whofe coufin John Rudolph's eldeft fon, by name Rupert, founded that of
Boofz, and the younger John James Alexander Sigißmund Rudolph the collateral
line of Bahenhaufen ; that of Waßer or Wolknburg, being defcended
from Hieronytnus fon to James.
§. 2. Each of the two principal lines are to infpedl into the adminiftration
of the abbey of Fugger, and the fenior thereof is adminiftrator. At Augfburg
the family of thefe Counts have a court of chancery in common.
§. 3. The Counts of Fugger only put their family name to their chriftian
name, for inftance, John Charles Fugger, and after this flile thernfelves
Counts of Kirchberg and Wfißfenhorn. Each line alfo bears its particular
I lordfhips in their titles. The arms of Fugger properly confift of half lilies ;
but for Kirchberg they bear a female Moor clad in black with loofe hair,
and holding a mitre ruby in her hand, in a field pearl j and for Weißenhorn
three

Fiigger.] GERMANY.
275
three buffaloes or hunting horns pearl, lying over each other ftringed and
garnidied topaz, m a field ruby.
§. 4. In the Diet of the Empire they have a feat and vote in the college
of Swabian Counts. In the circle of Swabia the Antony main line enjoys
three votes as Counts, who are named from the three chief branches.
And
thefe three principal branches of the Antony Wnt are alfefled in the Imperial
matrictda at one hundred and eight florins, vi-z. the Marx-Fugger line
twenty-two florins, twenty-one kruitzers, fix hellers ; i\ie John Ftiggcr \me
forty-three florins, thirty-fix kruitzers, fix hellers ; and the James Fugger at
forty-two florins, one kruitzer, four hellers. The contingency of the firft
to the Imperial chamber is twelve ruthlers, eight kruitzers and a half, of
the fecond twenty-nine ruthlers, forty-fix kruitzers ; of the third twentyeight
ruthlers, twenty-eight kruitzers. For the lordfiiip of IFafferburs; it
pays in particular eight florins to the taxes of the Empire, and fourtl-en
ruthlers to the chamber at Wetzlar.
§. 5. The lordfliips and eflatesof the CountsofFz(g"^^rareof three forts, w'js.
I. One of the Außrian lands in the circle of Swabia, namelv the counties
of Kircbberg and Weiffenhorn, which they hold at prefent only as a
mortgage of the houfe oi Au/iria and belonging to the Raymund line, as
fliewn in Vol. IV. p. 245. The aflefTment in the Imperial matricuJa for this
county, which amounts to twenty-eight florins, is paid to the circle of
Aiißria but appointed by the houfe of that name. The taxation paid for
it to the chamber oi Wetzlar is faid to amount to fixty-feven ruthlers, fiftyfour
kruitzers and tliree
quarters.
Obf. The Counts of Fugger formerly poflefied alfo fome confiderable
lordfliips in Alface and the Sundgau as mortgages belonging to the houfe
of Außria; but thefe countries falling to the crown oi Frattce, it redeemed
them from the Counts of Fugger, conferring them on its natural fubjedts.
2. Part of them belong to the immediate Imperial Noblefle of Sivabia,
being moftly poflefied by the branches and collateral defcendants of the
Antony line and paying taxes to that body, as Dietenheim, Brandenburg,
Heitnertingen, Grunenbach, and Wald, which fliall be mentioned among
the Noblefl^e of the canton of the Danube.
§. 6. Thus to this part belong only the lands in the cuxle of Swabia
which are pofi'efl'ed by the Antony line, viz.
1. To the prefent chief branch of Marx Fugger belongs
Norndorff, a lordfliip, fituate between the rivers Schmutter and Lech: In
it is the market-town of the fame name : with
The villages of Ehingen and Lauterbrorin^ and thofe of Dutenßein, Ditzingen,
and Wagenhof, lying betwixt the dutchy of Neuburg and the lord»
fhip of Eglingen.
2. The Hans-Fugger principal branch, particularly
The collateral line
of Kirchheim are proprietors of
N n 2 I . The

.
276 GERMANY. [Fugger.
I. The Imperial lordflilp of Kirchheim, lying betwixt the lordHiip of
Mindelhcim and the Marggravate of Burgau, being purchafed by the founder
of the Antony line. To it belongs
Kirchheimy a rnarket-town and feat, fituate not far from Mindel, on the
little river of Hcff'ach. At this place is a convent of Domi7iicans.
The parochial villages of Mergcn and Hajeldach.
Spocky Dere?idörJ\ and 'Tießhiried are hamlets ; in the laft is a miraculous
image of the Virgin Mary, to which adoration is paid.
2. The Imperial lordfliip of Rppijchhaufen was alfo purchafed by the
founder of the Antony line. In it is a pariQi of the fame name.
3. The lordfliips oi 'Turkenjeld -^nA. Schmiicbcn, in which a!fo are pariflies
of the fame name.
2: The collateral line of Muckhaufen is poflefled of
1 The lordlhip of Muckhaufen, or Mickhaujen, feated on the little river
Schmutter, and purchafed in the year 1563. This lordfhip is an Außrian
üef.
2. The lordHiip of Scbivindegg.
3. The collateral branch of Glott, poffeffed of
1. The lordfliip of Glott or Glatt, lying on a fmall river of the fame
name which falls into the Danube, betwixt the territories of the bifliopric
of Augsburg and the Marggravate of Burgau, and was purchafed in the
year 1536 for 16400 florins. Glott, its capital, is a market-town.
2. The lordfliip of Hilgartfchberg.
3. The lordfliip of Oberndorf, fituate on the Lech, and which, in the
year 1533, was purchafed by Woljang Marfchalk for 21000 florins, together
with Elgau, alfo fituated on the Lech,
3. The James Fugger principal branch, particularly
I. The collateral line of Babenhaufen are poilefll-d of
I. The lordfliip of Babenhaufen lying on the Gunz, and purchafed in
the year 153B by the Lords of Rechberg. This lordlhip was exempted
from the ieodal jurifdiclion of JVurtemberg in confideration of a fum of
money. In it is
Babenhaufen, a market-town having a caftle fituate on the Gunz : to-
with
The villages of Ketterßaufen and Kirchhafzlach, m which is a fraternity
gether
of the order of Barthemites who live all in common, as alfo
Waltenhaufen, a village, purchafed in the year 1542 by Margaret of
Wcrnau for 1 800 florins, and belonging to the hofpital in it.
, Boofz,
2. The lordfliip of Boofz lying on the Ikr, and in which is
a genteel market-town, with a feat.
Oberneden, a village.
Blejz, or Blejz, a village, tributary to this lordfliip, but in other refpe

Hohenembs.] GERMANY.
277
2. To the collateral branch of Wajfer or Wollenhitrg belopf^s
1. The lordfliip of Wollcnburg fituate betwixt the rivers Wcrtach and
Schnutfer, and containing in it
Wollenburg or Wellenburg, a caftle feated on a hill, not far from the
river Ikr.
The village of Berka and other places.
in it
2. The lordlliip of Gabliugen, fituate on the river Schmutter.
3. The lordfliip of Biberbach lying on the fame river, and containing
Biberbachy or Markt Biberbach, a market-town and caftle, together with
The villages of Albertßmjen, Längenreichern , Meittingen, and Riblinq;en.
4. The bailiwick of Rottenbach, lituate on the river Gunz, and containing
in It
The villages of Rottenbach, Gottenau, and Ronfperg.
5. The lordfliip of Wajferbiirg fituate on the Bodenfee, or lake of Coftanz,
and purchafed in the fixteenth century by the Counts of Montfort.
This lordlhip contains in it
Wajferbiirg, a market-town, near which ftands a cafile of the fame
name on a point of land which runs into the lake of Coßanz.
HOHENEMBS
The County of
Lies on the Rhine in the valley which takes its name from that river,
and is furrounded by the Außrian lordfliip of Arlberg. The houfe of
Hohenembi is of an ancient and noble extraftion, the family feat of IJhper-
Ems flood farther up the Rhine, one league beyond Chicr in Upper-Bund,
and near the village oi Ems. On this family the Emperor Charles V. conferred
the dignity of Baron, and foon afterwards alfo that of Count. In
the time of the Emperor Ferdinand 1. Count James Hannibal obtained a
feat and vote both in the Diet of the Empire, and alfo in that of S^^'abia.
His fon Cajpar, in the year 1614, purchtfed of Count Charles Leivis the
lordfliips of Vadiitz and Schellenberg, but thefe v^'ere again alfenated, James
Hannibal his fon is the founder of all the prefent Caunre' of Hohencmbs.
From Charles Frederick is defcended the Hohenembs line, his brother
Francis_ William founding that of Vadutz. The former ended in Fra-ncis
Charles Antony and the county of Hohene77ibs devolved to the Vadutz line,
which is ftill in being. The title of the reigning Count Francis' William
Rudolph is Count of the holy Roman Empire and of Flohenembs and Gallara,
Lord of Dornbiern, Wiednau, Hafzlach, and the free Imperial manor of
'LiiflnaUi as alfo of the lordfhips of Bißra, Bonna^ Schonbrunn, 'Trepiuy
and

2^8 G E R M A N r, [Juftingen.
and Loiihendorf. His arms are a goat topaz, with horns diamond in a field
faphire. In. the Diet of the Empire the reigning Count of Hohcnembs has a
feat and vote in the college of S'wabian Counts, and alfo in that of Counts
in the circle of Swabia. His afleffment in the Imperial matricida is one
horfe and two foot, or twenty florins. To the Kammerziele, according to
the latefl; matricida, Hohenembs pays for itfelf and Sidz Brandts fixty rixdollars,
twenty-one kruitzers. But the article of Sidz Brandis, or of the
lorddiips of Vadufz and Schelletiberg, no longer conftitutes a part of his territories,
thefe having been purchafed by Prince Lichtenßein. This county
contains in it the following places ; -viz.
Old and Nri^j-Hohen-Embs, in Latin Amifium, two very ftrong caftles
feated on a mountain.
Embs, or Ems, a market-town, under the jurifdiftion of New-Hohen-
Embs, end being alfo the Count's feat. In the neighbourhood of this town
is a fulphureous bath. Anciently the tenants here were immediately fubjed
to the empire, but in the year 1343 were granted as a mortgage by the
Emperor Lewis to Ulrich of Ejnbs, and afterwards transferred by purchafe
to him.
Liiflnau, an Imperial manor fituate not far from the Rhine, which has
been a royal manor ever fince the race of the Carlovingian Kings, After
that it came to the Counts of IVerdanberg, but by them was mortgaged in
the year 1395 to Ulrich of Embs, and purchafed in 1526 by Marx Sittich
of Embs, together with the higher, lower, and forefl-jurifdidlion, impofls,
taxes, and cafualties thereof. In it is a parochial church.
Obf. I. The ancient Imperial tenants in Doretiburen, or Dornbiern, called
alfo Dorfibeuren, and who have been already mentioned, have alfo been
mortgaged and were afterwards fold, together with the tenants oi Lußnau,
to the houfe of Hohenembs. It ftill alfo poflefles there certain privileges, as
the criminal-iurifdiftion, tythes, cafualties, &c. for which it employs a
bailiff: But the houfe of Außria enjoys the civil-jurifdidlion and other privileges.
2. The places of Wiednau and HafzJach lie on the weft-fide of
the Rhine, in the Rheinthal being fubjedt to the jurifdidion of the ,5^//-
zers. The county oi Gallara, or Gallerate, which the Counts bear in their
title and which was conferred on them by Philip II. King of Spain, lies in
the dutchy of Milan in the Milancfe, and the other lordfhips which form
a part of their titles lie in Bohemia.
JUSriNGEN,
The Lordship of
Is almofl: wholly included in the Wurtemberg diftridls of Blauheuren,
Munfingen and Steiijzlingen. From the ancient Barons of Jußingen, mention

Bondorf.]
GERMANY.
tionofwhom is made in the records of the twelfth centiir}', this free lord-
{hip devolved in the fixteenth century to the ancient family o'i Freyberg, and
particularly to the Opfing line thereof, which afterwards being much involved
in debt, this lordfhip was feizcd in the thirty years war^by Colonel
Keller, one of the creditors, but at length redeemed by 'John Chrijlopher of
Freyberg, of the Eifenbcrg line, who was firft prior of Elhvangcn and afterwards
birtiop of Augsburg. This prelate transferred it to his brother Ferdinand
Chriflopher oi Freyberg, whofe defcendants fold it in the year 1751 to
the Duke of Wiirtemberg for 300,000 florins. The proprietor hereof enjoys
both a feat and vote in the college of the Sxcabinn Counts at the Diet
of the Empire, and likewife in that of the circle of Sivabia. Its afleffment
in the Imperial matricula is five foot, or twenty florins ; and its taxation to
the Kamtnerziele fifteen rixdollars, eleven kruitzers and a half. It is at prefent
under the jurifdidion of the ducal bailivi^ick of Steufzli?igen ;
;
279
its inhabitants
Rot?2an-cz\.\io\\cs, and the places contained in it
"Juftingen, a caftle and parochial village, together with
The villages of Ingftetten, Hütten and Gunderjhofen, and
The farm of Schach.
The County of
B N D R F,
Lying betwixt the Brifgau, the landgravates of Baar and SluUingeK, is
This coun.y had
five leagues in length, and between one and three broad.
formerly lords of its own to whom it gave title ; but afterwards belonged
to the Counts of Lupfen, and in 1613 was purchafed by the abbey of
S. Blafius, belonging to the territory of Brifgau, which proprietor thereof
has a feat and voice in the Diet of the Empire in the college of Sii'abian
Counts, and alfo among the Counts in that of the circle of ISicabia. It
is aflTeflTed in the Imperial matricula at twenty-five florins, thirty kruitzers
and its contingency to the chamber at Wetzlar is twelve rixdollars, fifteen
kruitzers and a half In this county is
Boudorf, a market-town, containing a convent of the order of St. PW
the hermit,
Several
with.
villages and hamlets.
The

2o8 GERMANY, [Eglof.
The
Lordship of
E G L F,
Situated on the river Argen^ betwixt the Imperial towns of Yftii and
Wangen, was formerly known under the name oi \ht free people of Meglofsy
or Meglitz. The ancient market-town and caftle of Meglofs, or Eglof together
with the feveral villages, hamlets and farms belonging to it, are immediately
fubjeftto the Empire, and its prefent judges, counfellors, common
and free people to whom the Imperial freedom was granted in the year
152 1, are on account of the Empire, under the particular protedion and
patronage of the town of Tfni. Afterwards they came by mortgage, though
with the entire refervation of their privileges, to the houfe of Aujtria, who
in the year 166— transferred it as a lordlliip to the Counts of Traiin and
Ahenfpcrg for 30,000 florins, who by virtue thereof enjoy both a feat and
voice in the Diet of the Empire in the college of Sivahian Counts, and ever
fince the year 1662, on the bench of Counts in the circle of Swabia. What
their alTeifment is in the Imperial fnatriciila I cannot precifely tell, but their
quota to the chamber of Wetzlar is twenty-fix rixdollars, twenty-two
kruitzers and one half
The County or Lordship of
T H yl N N H Jl U S E N,
Situate near the abbey of Urfperg on the river Mindel, and formerly belonging
as an Imperial knights-land to the canton of the Danube. George
Lewis, Count of Sifize?i(iorJ got pofTeflion of this lorddiip, and entered into
an agreement with the Imperial knights, in which they yielded up to him
their right to the fame ; whereupon in the year 1 677 he obtained a feat and
vote in the Diet of Swabia, and aUb in that of the Empire among the college
of Swabian Counts. About the beginning of the eighteenth century
it defcended to John Philip Count of Stadion, who in the year 1708 obtained
a feat and vote on the bench of Counts in the circle of Sivabia, and
in 1709 on that of the Empire in the college of Swabian Counts. Its matricular
aßellment to the Empire I do not know ; but to the chamber of
Wetzlar its contingency is eight rixdollars, eight kruitzers.
Tbantihaiifen, a market-town in this lordfliip, lies on the Mindel.
The

Höhen-Gerold.] GERMANY. 281
The
County of
HOHEN-GEROLDSECK,
Is fituate betwixt the Brlfgau, the Furfienherg lordfliip of Hiiuj'. in tlie
Kinzing Thnle,
the Imperial town of Zell on the Hamincnbacb and the Gcngenbach,
the Baaäcn-Baadcn lordOiip of Mablberg, the NalJau-Saarbnicke lord-
Ihip of LoZ»r, the bilhop of Strofzbtirg% manor of Ettenheim, and the £/,'7£v;^iijg
quarter of the Marggravate of Hochberg, being about three Icr.gues lonir
and as many in breadth. It confifts partly of an Imperial and AiiltnaniicU
and partly alfo of particular inheritances. The male-heirs of the ancient
family of the Barons of Gej-cUfeck failed in the year 1634 in Jamfs, Lord
of GeroIJjeck, vvhofe only daughter, A/ma Man'a, was firit married to
Count Frederick of So/ms, and after his deceafe to the Margerave Frederick
of Baaden-Durlach. Ever Hnce the year 1620, the Barons of Krcnber^ have
obtained the reverfion of the county of Hohcn-Geroldjcck, not only in the
Imperial but likewife in the Aufirian fiefs, and in 1635 50t poffelTion of
the whole country : But the above-mentioned Anr.a Maria, or the Mar?-
graves of Baaden-Durlach could not obtain this, though their proper inheritance.
On the deceafe of Crat Adolphus, Count of Kronberg, in the year
1691 without iffue, the county of Hohen-Geroldfeck efcheated to the Lord
paramount, and after that devolved as a hef to Charles Cafpar ion der Leyen,
who in the year 171 1 was raifed to the dignity of an hereditary Count of
the Empire, and in the fame year obtained alfo a feat and vote on the
bench of Counts in the circle of Sioabia, as alfo another feat and vote in
the Diet of the Empire in the college of Swabian Counts. The title ot
thcle Counts is that of the Holy Reman Empire, and Von der Leyen and Hobefi-GeroIdJeck,Baions
ofAdendorf, and Lord of BliefcaJtel,BurrioeiL'r, Munchweiler,
Otterbach, Nie^cern, Saßg, Ahrenfels, Bongard, Simpelje'd, 6cc.
Their arms are a flate fapkire, party per pate pearl ; and their ailefTmenc to
a Roman month Gxteen florins, and to the chamber at Wetzlar eioht rixdollars,
nine kruitzers and three fourths. The county contains in it
Hohen-Geroldjeck,
a caftle feated on a hill.
Daiitenßein, or Dutenßein, alfo a caflle ; together with
The villages of Selbach and Mittelbach, and likewife thofe of Prinzbacb,
Derlcnbach, Steinhach, Reichenbach and Kuhach, all mean places.
VoL.V. O o The

282 GERMANY. [Auglburg,
EGLINGENy
The Lordship of
Is fir»ounded by the county of Oetthigeriy certain territories belonging
to Count Fiiggcr and to the bifhopric of Augsburg, as alfo by the dutchy of
Nciiburg. Formerly it belonged to the Counts of Graveneck, who in the
year 1217 became extindl in Count Godfrey Antony, in which year it was
purchafed by the Prince of Tours and' T^xis for 200,000 florins, who by
virtue thereof enjoys both a feat and vote in the circle of Swabin on the
bench of Counts. To a Roman month it pays twenty florins, and to the
Kammerziele five rixdollars, thirty-fix and one half kruitzers. In it is
EgUngen, a market-village, together with
The
AUGSBURG.
hamlets oi Baumgarten, Sellbronn, and Oftcrhof,
The free Imperial city of Augsburg, originally called Vindelica, and afterwards
Augufta Vindelicorum, or Rbatorum, lies in a fertile healthy air and
a deli"htful countrv betwixt the rivers Lech and Wcrtach, which unite not
far from this place. Its utmolt circuit is about 9000 common paces, and its
length from the Rothe tkoren, or Red-gate to the Fifckerthor 4000. This city
is environed with ramparts, walls and deep ditches ; and has four large and
lix fmall gates, as alfo a wicket of curious contrivance betwixt the gates of
Gcgging and Klenkcr, for admitting proper perfons in the night-time. It is
commonly divided into three parts, viz. into that of St. Ulrich' s Drittel, which
reaches from the Rothe thoren to the town-houfe ; into that of Si. Siephe/fs
Dritte! extending from the IFettacher Bruckthor to the town-houfe, and into
that of Jacoas Drittel which goes from Jacob's thor to the Tocr of Barfufzer.
Others divide it into the upper, midde and lower town, and the fuburb of
St. James. Some of its ftreets are fteep, but below thefe it has others which are
broad and well paved, whence it may ingeneral be termed a fine city. Exclufive
of the cathedral oi Augsburg, with its fourteen chapels, in this city are
alfo fix Romati-cnihoWc parochial churches, -viz. thofe of St. John, S. George,
S.Maurice, and S. Ulrich, together with that of the Holy Crofs, and 5". Stephen,
as alfo live monalleries, among which is a Jefuit's college, and excluiive of the
libbies of 5. Ulrich and AJra, of which a particular article is to be met with
at the end of this circle) three nunneries, and fix Lutheran parilli-churches,
viz. thofe of 6'. Anjia and S. Ulrich near the Holy Crofs, that of the barefooted
Monks, that of St. James and the Holy Ghojt, or /;/-; Spital, to which belong
four-

Augfijurg.] GERMANY. 28,
fourteen minifters, and among them twofeniors; belides a lAi'Jkrc.ii gyt/inajium
near the church of St. Annci, which contains in it a good library. la
the year '^'J^^l-,
the Imperial Francijcan academy for arts and Iciciicci x_
was founded here. In it are alfo feveral hofpitals for the poor, orphans and
fick people, with other charitable foundations. The bilhop of ^^.vjs/'//;^
has a court here, with feveral office?, exxlufive of the cathedral-abbty
and deanery. The town-houfe, which is reckoned the hneft in all Germanx,
was completed in the year 1620, after having been fix years in building.
Its principal ornanient is a lalun of fine pi«rtiires in the third ftory,
which is fifty-two feet high, fifty-eight broad, and one hundred and ten in
length, without any pillars to it, and furrounded on both fides by the four
Prince's rooms, as they are called, which are alfo exquifitely painted. Near
the town-houfe ftands the lofty tower of Ferlacbthurm. The armory is
well provided. Here is alfo a large houfe of corredion and a vvork-houfe,.
together with feveral other public edifices. The palaces of the Counts of
fz/T-^fr are very magnificent. The Fuggerey, as it is called, confiftsofone
hundred and fix fmall houles, ereded in the year i 519 by the brothers Ulrich,
George and James Fiigger, in jfn/nes's luburb, for tlie reception of
poor burghers and inhabtants, and let out at a very fmall rent. On the
fine and well contrived aqueducts for the conveyance of water here frotnthe
Lec/j are feveral corn, fawing, flatting and fmelting-mills ; but particularly
remarkable are the water-works here, which from five towers convey
the water through the city in fuch a manner, that not only five large and
beautiful fountains and other public refervoirs, but alfo the grcateft part of the
houfes are fupplied by means of thefe works with that element in plenty.
Tlie
burghers here are computed at 6000. One half of the council is Lutheran
and the other i^c//;^z«-catholic. Formerly the Patricians, as they are called,
had the government in their hands ; but in the year i-:;68 it was forcibly
taken from them, and the government of fifty introduced ; but in i 54S, the
Emperor Charles V. reftored the Patricians. At prefent the magiftracv
confilb of forty-five perfons, thirty-one of whom are Patricians, four of the
Mekrcr Gejellfchaft, ox Mehrcrii der Gefellfdaft, as it is called, (which confifls
of fuch as have married the daughters of Patricians, and on this account
are regiftered among that fociety) five of the body of merchants, and {w^t of
the commonalty. The city oi Augsburg has long been celebrated for the
great number of its curious artifls, whofe works in particular in tin and filver,
are much admired. The trade of this place is confiderable, but it was
formerly much greater. The arms of the city are party per pale, argent
and gules fcutcheon, with a green pine-apple and a fir-apple "vert. Its garrifon
ufually confifts of three hundred men.
From the Vindelici, Augsburg came under the dominion of the Romans,
and Drufus fettled a Roman colony here. Afterwards it fell under the
power of the Alemannia the Gcths and the Franks^ under the laft of whom
O o 2 it

GERMANY.
[Ulm.
it declined greatly, but recovered again under Charles the Fat. The 'Empe;or
Ä7zr^' 111. took it into his particular proteftion, but it fullered much
from iti contefts with the bifliops, and its condition became very precarious.
The Emperor Frederick I. granted it feveral privileges ; and, in the year
1275, King Riido'phl. confirmed and enlarged its Imperial rights. In the
Diet of the Empire it pofTefles the fecond place on the bench of the Imperial
cities of SwaMa, but in that of the circle has the firft feat and vote. Its
aiTellinent in the matricula of the Empire, which formerly amounted to
nine hundred florins, was, in the year 1705, reduced to five hundred and
ievea rixdoilars, twenty kruitzers and a half. Of the feveral Diets of the
Empire which have been held here fince the time of the Emperor Lewis I.
two are particularly remarkable ; namely, that of the year 1530, at which,
in a hall of the billiop's palace, the Augsburg confeflion of faith was
pifblicly read; and that of 1555, at whicii the religious peace was fettled.
In this city too, in the year 1686, an alliance was concluded between
the Emperor, Spain, Sweden, and fome other Princes and Circles, in oppofition
to France. Towards theconclufion of the years 1703 and 1704, it
iulTered much by the Bavarian and French.
To the iurifdidtion of this city belongs the village of Oberhaufen : but in
ecclefiaftical matters it is fubjed: to the bifliop. who, conformably to an
agreement made in the year 1602, grants inftitution to the minifters.
The Augsburg territories and Imperial vogtey or prefedlurate has always
been diftingui(hed from the provincial vogtey in Upper and Lower- Swabia,
and is ufually governed by a Prefecl of its own ; but in other refpedls it is
alwavs fubjectto the Dukes of Swabia, in whofe name it was governed by
the Counts of iSV/iuv/^tT^ from the year 1067 till 1162. On the failure of
thefe in the laft mentioned year, it was hereditarily incorporated by the
Emperor Frederick I. with the dutchy of Swabia, and on the devolution
of the latter to the Empire. Its Prefeds were appointed by the Kings
and Emperors till the year 1426, in which year the Emperor Sigijmund \s
faid to have conferred on this city the privilege of nominating both a country
and city Prefedt, the confirmation of them only being referved to the Emperor.
Ever fince that time the prefedlurate has continued in the difpofal of
the city. To it belong the villages oi Gerßbofen, Siettenbofen and Lavgweid.
U L M.
The free Imperial city of Vhn lies in an uneven fpot of ground on the
Danube, over which it has a ftone bridge. Here alfo that river receives into
it the Elau, which runs through a part of the city, and beyond it, clofe by
tb.e upper jurifdidion, is joined by the Ilcr. This city is pretty well fortified.
The inhabitants are moftly Lutherans, and to them belongs the Minßer, or
cathedral

Ulm.] GERMANY. 28-;
cathedral, which is a large ftrudlure, ftanding ahnoft in the centre of the city,
and having feven minifters belonging to it, together with the church of the
Holy Ghoß, a hofpita! and the church of bare-footed Monks. The Ronwncatholic
inhabitants perform their pubHc worOiip at the convent of St. Michael
at Wengen, in which are regular canons of the order of St. AiigulHne,
and in the houfe of the Teutonick order, to which belong the villages of
Betthigcn and BoUingen, which are faid by miftake above, under the article
The
Alfchaufen, to be fubjejR: to the conimcnderies of Rohr and Waldjlettcn.
Lutheran jiymnafium here is founded in the convent formerly beloneins to
the bare-Footed Monks. The fplendid foundation of Sammlungs/lift is particularly
appropriated for the daughters of Patricians, who are permitted to
marry. The magiftracy here \s Lutheran and confifts of forty-one members,
above one half of whom are Patricians. Among the public civil buildings
here are the town-houfe and the arfenal with many others. This city
maintains fix companies of foldiers, three of whom conftitute its contingent
to the circle. Large quantities of wine are brought hither from the Rhine,
the Neckar, the lake of Coßatiz and Veltlin, and carried farther up on the
Danube. Vim trades alfo in linen and other goods. The arms of the city
are a chief argent, furrounded by another jable. Till the year 1300, this
place had no walls, being only furrounded with a ditch and a pallifade. In
813, the Emperor Charlemagne granted certain confiderable privileges
to the abbey of Reichnau near Coßanz over Ulm, which in ancient records
is called Villa Regia: but notwithftanding this, it ftill continued
immediately fubjedl to the Empire; and under the Emperor Lei^isW. it
bought off this jurifdiftion from the abbot for a fum of money, the faid
Emperor, intheyear 1346, alfo permitting the city to chufe a council for
itfeif. The Emperors ChariesV. Wenceßaus and Frederick III. in conjunct
tion with other Emperors, confirmed and enlarged its privileges. In the
Diet of the Empire it pofiefies the fourth feat on the bench of S-Ji-abian
cities ; but in the circle of Siivabia has not only the fecond place on the
bench oi Swabian cities, but alfo the perpetual direäorium thereof. In Vim
are kept the archives of the Imperial towns in Siaabia and Franconia ; and
the Diet oi Sivabia alfo is ufuallv held here. In the year 16S3, thiss city
was aflelTed by the matricula of the Empire and Circle at between 'i\x and
nine hundred florins ; and its contingent to the chamber at Wetzlar is five
hundred and ninety-five rixdollars, fourteen kruitzers. With refpcdf to its
hiftory, it is to be obferved, that in the year 1 129, it was deftroyed by the
Emperor Lo/i'ör/wi ; and in 1348 confumed by fire; that an agreement
was made herein 1620 betwixt the United and Leagiiißs, and that, in the
year 1702, it was furprized by the Elector of Ba-varia. An Imperial court
was anciently held here in the StadelhoJ, near that v.hich atprelent ;s called
the Grunenhof.
Not far from the city lies
Boßingen,

tS6 GERMANY. [Ulm.
Soßir:P:'fi, or Sefßi/igeii, a nunnery of the order of St. Clam.
yoh. Ckriß. LciLterbach has delineated a map of the territories of this
city,
which miip was engraved by yoh.Bapt. Honmini, and conflitutes the eightyninth
in YAs Atlas o\ Germanv. This territory was purchafed by the Counts
of ILl/f/ilhin, tlie Coiwus oilFenienbcrg, Barons Rictbcim and others, and
has been acquired by other means. Though mountainous, yet it is not
without fine corn- lands, meadows and excellent woods.
1. The upper iordiliip contains in it the following diltricts : viz.
J. Tlie chcr-amt-, or prefecturate, of Langlnau ; in which is
Langenau, a very large market-town.
Oc'Iiingen,
a parochial-village.
2. Theamt, or bailiwick, of /Ft/Vf/z/Z^/'/r;/, including the parochial-villages
of Weidcnßetten,
Ncenßettai and Holzkircb.
3. The bailiwick, of ät/t/A?//, containing the parochial-village of Bernßüif,
together with thofe of Baimerßetten and Eijehiu.
4. The bailiwick of BaUendorf^ in which he the parochial-villages of
Baliendorßand Borßingen .
5. The bailiwick oi Ettknßhiefz, containing the parochial-villages of Eti-
Icnßckiejz and Sinnejibronn.
6. The ober-amt oi Leiphelm, comprehending
Lciphei/n, a fmall town and caftle, fitutite not far from the Danube, and
which was fold by the Guffcn of Guffeiibcj-g to the Counts of Wiirte^nberg^
and by the latter, in the year 1453, ^° ^^ ^^^^ of Ulm. In the year 1634,
this town was miferably laid wade..
Riedbcim,
a parochial-village.
7. The foreit-prefedturate ofAltheim, in which are the parochial-villages
of'Altheitn2iVidL Zahriiigeji,
together with &^//«g-i'/?.
8. The prefedurate of Albeck, which was purchafed, in the year
138^, by Count Conrad oi JVerdcnberg, and contains in it
Albeck, a fmall town and cafile, feated on the river Alb ; together with
'
The parochial-villages of 7i(57-w/^«^t';/, Gottingen, Jungingen, Aßelßngeny
Bifzingeny Sctzlngeji, and feveral hamlets,
II. The under lordihip contains in it the following prefefturates : viz.
1. The ober-amt, or prefedturate of Geisslingen: in which is
Geilzlingen, a fmall town, feated in a bottom betwixt high and flony
mountains, and long fmce famous for its fine works in bone. This town
was purchafed, in the year 1396, by Count Heljenßein. Not far from it is
a. bath.
On a rocky mountain near it
alfo flood the very ancient caftle of Geyßelflein,
and on another the caftle of Helßenßein, once the family feat of the
Counts of that name, who are at prefent extindl.
Öifi
2. The bailiwick of Statten^ or Stetten,, in which is a parochial- village of
fame name.
2- Ther

GERMAN Efzlingen.] T.
3. The bailiwick of L/'^?/-^/;7§-t';?, containing
2S7
Uberkitigen, a village, feated on the Fils, and having a good minerai
ijjring.
4. The bailiwick of Bohringen, containing the parochial-villages of Bobringen,
or BarIngen, and Haufen on the Fits.
5. The prefedurate of Altenstadt, in which is
Altenfladt, a market-town, feated on the F//f, and anciently belonging to
the Counts of Spitzenberg.
Kuch, a church-village.
6. The bailiwick oi Stißen, in which are the parochial-villages of SiiJJi'n
and Gingen,
both lying on the Fils.
7. The bailiwick of Stuberßjeitn, in which are the parochial-villages of
Stuberß?eim, Schalkflettcn, Waldbaujen, Steinenkirch, Braunißieim and Weiler
ob Geifzlijigen.
8. The bailiwick of Turkheim, comprehending the parochial-villages of
Turkheim and Amßetten, as alfo Oppingen.
9. The prefedlurate of Lonsee, to which belong the pirochinl-villages
of Lonfee, Urfpring and Reutti, or Rcitheim ob Urfprir.g.
10. The bailiwick of A'('///;/g"(';z, containing the parochial-villages of AWlingen,
Merklingen and Aufhaufen.
11. The bailiwick of Scharenßetten, in which are the parochial-villages
of Scharenßetten, Lutzbau fen and Themmeribaufen.
12. The bailiwick of Bermaringen, containing the parochial-villages of
Berma7-!ngen,
Maringen and Lehr.
13. The bailiwick of P/a/, comprehending in It the parochial-villages of
Pful, together with Oßenhaujen, Steinbeim, Holzfdnvang, Reutti ob der Donau,
Grimmelfi?igen and Erfingen, the laft of which appertains to the Samf!-
hmgsßift, or abbey of Ladies, at Uhn.
14. The lordfliip of Wain, fituate between the rivers /At and Weßerlicb,
or Weyhijig, and purchafed of the abbey of Ochfenhaitjen. This lordlliip
contains fome fine woods. In it is
Wain,
ESZLINGEN.
a parochial-village.
The free Imperial city of Efzlingen lies on the Neckar, confifling partiv of
the city itlelf, which ftands on a branch of the Neckar, and in which is the
upper or parochial-church of St. Dennis, together with the new or Dominican
church and the orphan-houfc, the Frauenkirche, the lower or Barfufzer
kircbe, the grammar-fchool or p^edagogium, and the collegium alumnoriim
; äs alfo the fine town-houfe, the beautiful Rjtterbau, and the rich
hofpital of St. Catlxrine; and partly of three luburbs j 'viz. the upper fubfjxb,
which, as well as the city, ftands upon a branch of the Neckar ; the
I
fubuib

288 GERMANY, [Reutlingen.
fuburb oi Beulten, near which lies the citadel ; and the fuburb of Blienfau^
which is fitiiated on an illand betwixt the main flream of the Neckar and
the above-mentioned branch, and is noted for containing in it the arfenal
of the circle of Sivabia. The principal church here belongs to the Lutherans,
ot whom the whole magiftracy c&nfifts. The 7?(?//;c/«-catholics of this town
perform their pubhc woriLip in the chapel of the ftewards, which the convent
of Knyferjheiin has in this place. It is no eafy matter to determine the firft
commencement of its Imperial freedom. In the Diet of the Empire it
polfeircs the fifth place on the bench of the Imperial cities of Sivabia, but
the third on the bench of cities in the circle of Swabia. Its afleffment in
the matricula of the Empire amounted at firft to two hundred and twenty
florins ; but, in the year 1683, this fum was reduced to one hundred and
forty-fcven, and in 1692 brought down ftill farther to thirty-feven. To a
kammerzicle, or the chamber at IVetzIar, it is faid to pay one hundred and
feventy-ieven rixdollars, fifty-one kruitzers. As a bailiwick this city pays
yearly an acknowledgment of ten florins to the Imperial prefedurate of
A'ttorf. EJzlingen is under the protection of the Duke of Wurtemberg,
In the year 1701 it fuffered much by a fire. Near it, in the Neckar-halden
as it is called, is produced a good Neckd7--\v\ne. Its territories are on all
fides furrounded by the dutchy of Wiirteinberg. Exclufive of the villages
of Mettbigen and certain hamlets, they contain in them alfo the parochialvillages
0^ Deyzifau an the Neckar, Mohringen and Vayhingen, the two laft of
which lie in the Fildern, or coal-fielch, as they are called; and belong to the
above-mentioned holpital of St. Catherine.
REUTLINGEN,.
The free Imperial city of Reutlingen {lands about one long German
mile's diflance from T'ubi77gen, on the little river Echetz, which runs into the
Neckar. This city is not large, having in it only one parochial-church, totrether
with one hofpiral, an orphan-houfe and a grammar-fchool. Both the
mat^iltracy and burghery here are Lutheran, the former of which ufually
confifts of twenty-eight perfons, of whom the Schultheifx, or civil-judge,
and twelve others, are commoners, and conftitute the Zunftmeißer co'llegiiun
or the wardens of companies. It is faid that the Emperor Frederickll. firfl
environed this city with a wall in the year
12 15 or 1220, and alfo made it an
Imperial free town.. The Emperors C'/6örA'j IV. and IFenceßaus engaged, in
the years 1348 and 1387, to maintain the tov/n in its immediate dependency
on the Empire, and neither to mortgage nor fell it. The jiirifdiiftion
which the Counts of Achahn (whofe feat ftood not far from hence) had over
this town, and which on their extinftion fell to the Empire, is fliid to have
fefign nyiAs. over by the Emperor Lewii o£ Bavaria, in the year 1330, together
with-

Nordlingen.] GERMANY,
289
with the lands of the Counts, to Duke Ulrich of Wurtemberg ; but, in the
year 1500, Duke Ulrich io\d this jurifdiction to the town of Reufli/zo-t'ri, or
as others fay, ceded it to the Emperor Mcixiitiilian, who transferred it to
the town in lieu of a fum of money. In the Diet of the Empire Rciitlimeii
is poflefTed of the fixth feat and vote on the bench of the Imperial towns
ot Siaabia ; but in that of the circle of the fourth on the bench of towns.
Its alTeiTment in the matricula of the Empire and circle formerly amounted
to one hundred and eighty-eight florins, but, in the year 1683, this fum
was reduced to one hundred and thirty-fix, and, in 1726, the town
being deftroyed by a great fire, in 1728, it was brought down to eicrhty.
Its contingency to a kammerziele is fifty-feven rixdollars, forty-foOr krui'tzers.
This town is under the protedlion of the Duke of Wurtemberg.
For its judicial authority it pays annually fixteen guilders in gold as an acknowledgment
to the Imperial prefedlurate of Altorf. Near it, in the year
J 7 16,
was difcovered a fulphureous fpring.
To its territories belong the parifhes of Bezingen, WanweiJ^ Omvicnhaufen
and Bronniveiler.
NORDLINGEN.
The free Imperial city of Nordlinge^i lies in the Riefz on the river Eger, \\\
a fertile country, particularly in pafturage, and, till the year 1238, flood
on the adjacent hill of Emeransbcrg, but was that year confumed bv fire,
upon which it was built on its prefent fite. The burghers here are almoft
all of them hutheran, and thofe ofthat religion, exclufive of the parochialchurch,
are poflefled of two others, onR of which ftands near the hofpital,
and a Latin fchool ; but the i?5w^;/-catholics in this city celebrate public
worfliip in the church near the German houfe which belongs to the landcommandery
of Ellingen in Franconia, and which, in the year 1387, fell
to the Teutonick order. The magitlracy alfo are Lutheran. Formerly the
town was under the bifliopric of Ratisbon, but in the thirteenth century it
obtained the freedom of the Empire, though not before the year i 251. The
Emperors Charles IV. and Wenceßaus promifed, that the town lliould be
maintained in its immediate dependency on the Empire. In the Imperial
Diet it poflefies the feventh place on the bench of the Imperial towns of
Swabia, but the fifth among thofe of that circle. Nordlingen was formerly
aflcfled to the matricula of the Empire and Circle at two hundred and fixty
florins, but, in the year 1683, this afl"eflment was reduced to one hundred
and fifty. Its contingent to the chamber at Wetzlar is laid to be two hundred
and nineteen rixdollars, feventy-two kruitzers. The Emperor Charles IV.
granted it the privilege of holding a court, but it has made no ufe of it.
Near it, in the year 1634, the Sivedes were defeated by the Imperiali/ls.
Vol. V. P p
"
1(1

290 G E k M A N r, [Hall.
Iti 1647, it was befieged by the army of the Empire for feventeen
weeks, during which it fufl'ered greatly by an accidental fire. In the year
3702, a famous compadl was entered into here between the five circles, and
the town better fortified, as being a bulwark to the circle of Franconiazg^\\\?(.
Bavaria.
The Princes and Counts of the houfe of Oettingen have for a long time
paft endeavoured to acquire the jurifdiction over its territories, which has
given rife to many and even bloody contefts. To it belong the parochialvillages
o^ Nehnnetivmnge?7, Goldburghaiifen and ^chweindorj^ and it is alfo
poflclfed of a (hare in feveral other villages.
H A L L.
The free Imperial town of Hall, otherwife c;illed Swabian-Hall, and in
Latin Hala Siievonwi, lies, together with its territories, on the river Kocher,
betwixt the counties of Ihhenkhe and Limpurg^ the margravate ol Anjpach,
thedutchy of Wurtcmbergz.n'k the priory oi Ehvangen. The town itlclf is
fo furrounded by mountains that it is not eafy to approach it, and in it and
in the fuburbs the river Kocher divides itfelf, both thefe parts being joined
by meansof a bridge of ftone. Confidered in other refpedts, this town confifts
of three parts ; namely, oiHall, ov Old-HalI , in which Hands the principal
church of St. Michael, together with the college, the hofpital, another
church and the falt-houfes, from which the town takes its name : Of the
part above Kocher, in which ftands a houfe of the order of St. John ana
the church of St. Catherine, and of the Gelbingcr gafe, or ilreet. This
city is Lutheran. The inhabitants are falt-boilers and handicraftfmen.
The magiilracy confifts of twenty-four perfons under the diredion of two
burgomafters as prefidents, who, on account of the above-mentioned divifion
of the town, are called ßadtmeißer. The city owes its original to its faltjprings,
which, it is faid, gave occafion to feveral noblemen to fettle here,
and among other buildings to eredt them feven ftone towers ; whence the
place at firft obtained the name of Siebenburgen, or Seven Caßles. Afterwards
it became gradually enlarged till it arrived to its prefent ftate, but was very
much damaged by fire in the years 1346, 1680 and 1728. In 1348 and
1387, the Emperors C/6^/7« I v. and Wcnceßam engaged to maintain the
city in its immediate dependency on the Empire, and neither to mortgage
nor fell it. In the Diet of the Empire it poflefles the ninth feat on the bench
of Imperial towns in Swabia, but the fixth among thofe of the circle. Its
alTeffment in the Imperial and circular matricula, which formerly amounted
to two hundred, and ninety-three florins and a half, was, in the year 1683,
reduced to one hundred and eighty. To the chamber at Wetzlar it is rated
at

Ueberlingen.] GERMANY. 291
at one hundred and forty rixdollars, fixty-three kruitzers. One of its privileges
is its having an Imperial ftandard, and, among the things worthy of
notice here, is this, namely, that the now fupprefled coin called bellen take
their name from this place. Its arms are, Or, a hand dexter, and, gules^
a crofs of the fame. In the year 1710, feveral Proteftant Prince and States
had a meeting here, and entered into a convention among themfelves.
To the jurifdidlion of this town belong feven prefecflurates, containing
Velberg, a fmall town, feated on the little river Buhler.
Ilzhojen, alio a fmall town.
Limpurgy a caflle, purchafed by £r^;w;, Eaxon oi Li ij: pur g, in the year
1540.
Elterß:ofen, a caflle, purchafed by Mekhhe Senjt in the fame year; together
with
The twenty following parifhes : 'oiz. Anhäufen, Bibenfeld, Enßingen, Gebingen
, Geilenkirch, Geifzlingen, Great-AltorJ, Grundellart, Hosjelden, Hohejiha-d,
Upper-Speltach, Lorenzzimmern, Michelfeld, Upper-Ajpach, Orlach.
Rein/per g, Stockenburg, Tmigenthal, Under-Munkbeim, Under-Sondheint and
Weßhei)}!.
UEBERLINGEN.
The free Imperial town of Ueberlingen flands on a rock in a bay of the
lake of Coßanz, which takes its name from it, and its moats are formed of
fo many ftone quarries. This town is divided into three parts ; namely,
into the lower town, the upper town and the Gallenberg; in the laft of
which is produced wine. Ueberlingen is 7^ö/;;/?«-catholic, and contains in it .
a collegiate-church dedicated to St. Nicolas, as alfo a houfe of the order of
St. John, an Imperial hofpital, three convents and two other churches.
Near the town is a good mineral fpring. UeberVnigen was an Imperial town
fo early as the time of the Emperors of Swabia. Charles IV. and Wenceßaus,
engaged to maintain it in its immediate dependency on the Empire. To the
prefedurate of ^//«y'itpays, as an annual acknowledgment, ten pounds of
pfennings. In the diet of the Empire it pofleffes the eleventh place among
the Imperial towns of Swabia, and among thofe of the circle the feventh.
Its alTefTmentto the mafricula of the Empire and Circle formerly amounted
to three hundred and twelve florins, but in 1683 was reduced to one hundred
and thirty-nine. Its contingency to the chamber of Wetzlar is one
hundred and fifty-feven rixdollars, twenty-four kruitzers.
To thejurifdidlion of this town belong
The caftles of Hohen-Bodtnan and Kamsberg,
together with
The pariflies of Mahlfpuren, Bondorf, Great-Scbcnach, Under- Siggingen,
Denkingen and Sernatingen.
P p 2 ROTHWEIL.

292 GERMANY. [Rothwell.
R O r H W E I L.
The free Imperial town of Rofhvcil or Rotliceil ftands on an eminer.ce
on the Neckar, its territories being furrounded by the Autchy oi M^urtetiiberg,
the upper county of Hohenberg belonging to Außria and the Furjlenberg
Landgraviate of Bacir. Rothiiril is Ronuvi-c^ihoYic, and contains in it a
houfe of Monks of the order of St. Jol.vi, together with a refidence of Jefuits
and three convents. It is a very ancient Imperial town, and was engaged
by the Emperors Charles IV. and Wcnceßam to be maintained as fuch.
In the Imperial Diet it holds the tenth place among the towns of Snabia-,
and the eighth among thofe of the circle. Its affeHment in the Imperial
and circular nuitricula, which formerly amounted to two hundred
and eighty florins, v/as, in 16S3, reduced to one hundred and feventy-feven,
and in 1728 Iirfl: to one hundred and forty-fjur, afterwards to thirty, and
at lafl to fourteen. The contingency it pays to a kamraerziele is one hundi-ed
and fifty-feven rixdoUars, twenty kruitzers and a half. In 1463 it
entered into an alliance for the fir ft time, and in 1519 into one for ever
with the cantons oi S-witzcrlafid, with a refervation, however, of all due
allegiance to the Roman Empire : But receiving an Außrian garrifon in
1632 on its being befieged by the Swedes, it was excluded from that alliance.
The principal thing in this town is the Imperial tribunal, the firft traces of
^vhich are to be found in the provincial court of Sivabia, which feems to
have received its origin in the time of the Emperor Lewis of Bavaria, and
till
the middle of the fifteenth century was fometimes called the provincial
court of the Emperor and fometimes the Imperial tribunal of i?c/2'iör/7. In
1360 the Emperor Charles IV^ transferred to Count Rudolph of Sulz the
light of holding this country-court in the name of his Imperial Majefty
and the Empire, and in 140 1 the Emperor Rupert tm^owtred the faid
Counts to fubftitute a Baron or Count as their deputy. From the Counts
of Sulz this port of hereditary chief judge defcended to the houfe of
Schwarze7iberg, as mentioned above in the landgraviate oiKletgaii, and the
Vä^cto^ Schwarzenberg even chofe a Stadtholder for the diftridifrom among
the Counts or Barons. In this tribunal feven judges take their feats. It
depends, however, wholly upon the Emperor. Its jurifdiftion extends
over the circle of Swabia, and the Außrian countries lying therein, as alfo
over the circles of Franconia and the Rhine. A great many States, however,
have obtained the privilege of exemption from it, but this privilege
extends not ufually to matrimonial cafes, or fuch as are formally referved
to this tribunal. It enjoys a joint jurifdicftion with the Imperial
States is its diftriftj but thefe have for along time preferred feveral complaints
againft it. From it lies an appeal to the fupreme court of the Empire

Heilbronn.]
GERMANY.
pire. Laft of all it is to be obferved that near this town is a freye Burfch,
or free hunting jurifdiöion, of pretty large extent.
The territories of this town include a confiderable, and as fome fuppofe,
the bed part of the proper eftate of the Counts of Zimmern, or Zimbcrt?,
who became extind in the year 1591, which eftate the town piirchafed
for the fum of 88000 florins. In its dißriä: alio ftands the family feat of
the faid counts. The parifhes belonging to this jurifdidtion are Alfjunt,
Dauingen, T)eißingen, Dietingen, Duningen, FJfendorf, Fifchfmch, Hencn-
Zimmern, Hoch-Mefinge11, Muhlhaiifen, Lower-Aefchacb o\- Ejchach, Seedorf,
Steiten^ and Viilingcn^ which laft lies in a village of the fame name.
H E I L B ''R N N.
293
The free Imperial town of Hcilbrimn, or Hailbronn, lies on the Neckar,
in a very pleafant and fruitful wine country, fituated on die borders of the
dutchy of /Fttr/cw^t'rg- and the Palatinate. Heilh'onn h vy'tW-huWt, and of
its three churches the parochial-church of St. Kilian is the principal. The
college and town-library lie in the convent formerly belonging to the Minorites.
At this place alfo is a manlion-houfe and commandery of the Tentonick
order, to which belong the villages of Winimenthal zwd. Sondheim, together
with a nunnery of the order of St. Clara. The form of government
in this city is ariftocratical, and the magiftracy here, as well as mofi: of
the inhabitants, are Lutheran. The Emperor Henry IV. is faid to have
ereded this place into a town, Frederick II. enlarged it and improved its
fortifications} Conrad III. created it an Imperial city, and Frederick III.
granted it the three colours, azure, gules, and argent, alfo beflowino- on
it for arms an eagle Jahle in a field Or. The Emperors Charles IV. and
We?2ceßaus engaged to maintain it in its immediate dependency on the Empire.
Heilbronn was formerly for a confiderable time under the protedion
of Wurtemberg, and afterwards under that of the Eledor-palatine. In the
Diet of the Empire it polTefTes the twelfth feat among the Imperial towns
of Swabia, and the ninth in the bench of thofe of the circle. By the ma-
/r/Vw/^iJ of the Empire and Circle its afleffment appears formerly to have
been two hundred and eight florins ; but in the year 1683 this fijm was
reduced to one hundred and four, and in 1728 raifed to one hundred and
twenty-fix'. Its quota to a kammerziele, or the chamber at Wetzlar, is one
hundred and forty-eight rix-dollars, feventy-one kruitzers.
Within its jurifdidion are the handibme parochial villages of Flcin, BockingeUy
Neckergartach, and Frankenhach.
G MUND

GMÜND.
GERMANY. 294- [Memmingen.
The free Imperial town of Gmiind, or Gemund, which is alfo Swahlati
Gmünd, and originally Kayferfreuth, lies on the Renn at the end of the Remjlhal,
betwixt the manor belonging to the Wurtemberg convent of Lorch and the
lordlliip of Heydenheim. Its territories border alfo on the Imperial town of
Aulen ^ndi ih^lo^dOn.]^ oi Rechbe}-g. The whole town is Roman-c2i\ho\\c ;
and exclufive of the principal church of the Holy Crofs, it contains in it
three other churches, together with another near the hofpital, as alfo four
convents and two nunneries.
"^
he magiftracy here is elefted out of the
body of the people. Gmünd was very probably a municipal town of the
Dukes of Sivabia of the Hoheii-Stanff'en family,
but afterwards obtained the
freedom of the Empire and the Emperors Charles IV. and Wenceßaus engaged
to maintain it in its immediate dependency thereon. In the Imperial
Diet it poffelTes the thirteenth feat among the towns of Swabia, and
amons: thofe of the circle the tenth. Its afleffment to a matricula of the
Empire and Circle, which formerly amounted to one hundred and fevenlyfix'
florins, was, in 1683, reduced to one hundred and fifteen, but in
1728 it was raifed to one hundred and forty-two. Its contingency to the
chamber of Wetzlar is faid to amount to one hundred and one rixdollars,
forty-one kruitzers and a half. Near it is a common Purfch, or free hunting
ground called Mundart.
Within its territories are the pariflies of Bargaii, Dewangen, Herrligkofen,
Iggingen, Mogglingen, and Bobingen, together with Läutern, MuthlangeUy
IJpper-Bettringen, Spreiibach, Weil, Wetzgau, and Zimmerbach.
MEM MIN GEN.
The free Imperial town of Memmingen lies in a beautiful and fertile
plain on a fmall river called the Aach, and running into the Her. This
town is Lutheran, and its principal church of St. Martin belongs entirely
t3 thofe of that communion ; but the church of cur Lady is pofTeffed by
them in common with the 7?07;/rt«-catholics here, by virtue of an agreement
made in the year 1569. In it is alfo an Augußine monaftery with a church,
a Francifcan nunnery, a convent or refidence of Monks of the Holy Crofs
(orditiis S.Jpiritiis de Romain Saxid) with a hofpital near it, in which is a
church, as alfo a houfe, a chapel confecrated to the three Eaftern wife men
or Kin^s of Cullen, a fmall church, and another hofpital near the church of
our Lady. The magiftracy here, which confifts of nineteen perfons, is
partly Lutheran and partly patrician, and partly alfo compofed of the body
of

Memmlngen.] G E R M A N Y,_
of the people. The arms of the town are a demi eagle and a crofs gula
in a field argait. It is uncertain whether Memmingcn anciently helonged
to the Gueljs county of Aitorf or not : It is certain, however, that Guelbb V\.
frequently refided, and at lad died at this place. So early as the days of
the Emperor Frederick I. it was a free Imperial town, and on the failure
of the Guelpb-Altorf family fecured itfelf fo eifedually in its Imperial freedom,
that King Rudolph acknowledged and confirmed it therein by a
charter bearing date in 1286. The Emperors Charles W. and Wencejlaus
alio engaged to maintain it in its immediate dependency on the Etnpire.
In the Imperial Diet it polleires the fourteenth place on the Swabian bench
of the cities of the Empire, but in that of the circle oi Swabia the eleventh.
Its alfefiment in the matricida of the Empire which formerly amounted to
two hundred and torty-eight florins, was in 1683 reduced to one hundred
and fifty. To the chamber at Wetzlar it pays two hundred and eightv-one
dollars, thirty-two kruitzers, exxlufive of a yearly prefent of fifteen lb. of
hellers to the prefedlfirate of the province on account of its ba'liwick. With
Switzcrlatul, Italy, and other countries adjacent it carries on a good trade
in Bavarian ialt, homc-fpun linen, hops, grain, and other 2;oods. In the
year 1647,
^'^^^^ ^ vigorous fiege of nine weeks by the Imperialijh and
Bavarians, it furrendered as incapable of farther refinance. The diftricl of
this town belongs partly to the hoipital, the patriciate, and the houfe of the
order of the Holy Ghod:.
I. The lordihip of Ji//^';^(^«r_g- belongs partly to the patriciate \n Me?n~
miJigen, partly to the houfe of the order of the Holy Ghoft, and partly to
the under hoipital. In it are three feats, namely Eifcnburg, Griinfurth, and
T^runkelsberg, together Vv'ith the village of Amadingen, and three hamlets.
Kunersberg, noted for its good bath, its terra Jigillata, and porcelain,
belongs to the family of Kimer Lords o'i Kunersberg.
Upper-holzgunz, a feat with lands annexed to it, belongs, together with
its high iurifdidion to the upper hoipital of the order of the Holy Ghoft.
Under-holzgunz, a large /^cff7

•
Volkratß:ofen,
296 G E R M A N r. [Lindau.
Wonngen, likewife a Proteftant village, but containing alfo a Roman.
catholic church in it, and being a fief to the under-hofpital at Kempten.
Haiijen, is a \zrge Lutheran village, one half of which belongs to the hofpital,
the other half being affigned for the payment of the Lutheran
parifli-churcb of St. Martin under the high jurifdidion of the prefect
urate
of Altorf.
a Lutheran village with a church in it, and belonging to
the hofpital but under the prefedlurate.
The Lutheran parochial villages of Dickenreißaiifen, Buxach, Steinheim,
and Berg.
Obf. Der freye Ptirfchbezirk, or the free hunting diftrid on the Bofferhard
near Memmitigen terminates to the call: on the river Gunez., to the
fouth on the foreft of Kempten and Ottobeiiren, to the weft partly on the
Ilcr, and partly beyond it, on the forefts of Zeil-wurzach, Roth, Ochfenhaufen,
and Erolzheim ; and to the north on the lake and foreft of Babenhaufen.
This diftricl contains in it the greateft part of the diftn

GERMANY.
Lindau.]
campments in this ifland during their expeditions againft the Vindelici and
Alemanni. It is alfo fuppofed that near this caftle formerly flood a town,
and that the little church of St. Peter here was built on the firft introdudlion
of Chriftianity into this country. This town occurs likewife in two records
under the name o^ Curtis Linioiva, and bearing date fo long ago as the time
of the Carlovingians. In the year 948, Lindau being hid in allies by Her^
inaim Duke oi Swabia, a great number of the inhabitants betook themfelves
to Efchach on the continent, which by means of this emigration foon became
a thriving town. But in the eleventh century this place being confumed
by fire, they piirchafed their freedom of their Lord Count Hugo of
Bregenz, returned again to the ifland and rebuilt their original town of
Lindau, which in the years 1264 and 1347 was again almoll totally confumed
by fire. By King RiiJolpbus's charter of 1275, the town appears
both at that time and a long while before to have been Imperial. The
Emperors Charles IV. and Winceßaus promifed to maintain it as fuch. In
1396 it procured to itfelf for ever the redemption of the Imperial vogtey or
prefedlurate. In the Diet of the Empire it pofTeffes the fifteenth place
among the Imperial cities of the Swabian bench, but in the circle of Swabia
the twelfth. Its aflelTment to a matricula of the Empire and Circle, which
formerly amounted to one hundred and ninety-fix florins, in the year 1683
was reduced to ninety, but in 1728 raifed to one hundred and thirty,
though with a refervation at the fame time of an abatement at a certain
limited term. The magiftracy here confiflis of the privy and large council.
Litidaii was alfo formerly a court-town and a provincial tribunal ;
but inftead
of thefe it has ever fince the end of the fifteenth century been annexed to
Altorf. It pays annually, as an acknowledgment, two tuns of wine to the
prefedturate of Altorf. At the Diet held here in the year 1496 was eftabliflied
the chamber of juflice. In 1647 it held out a fiege of nine
weeks againft the Swedes, who were at laß: obliged to retire. In 1728 a
confiderable part of it was confumed by fire.
The diftricfl belonging to this town has been reprefented in a map drawn
betwixt the years 1626 and 1628 by yohn Andrew Rauh. It lies betwixt
the lordfliips of JVaJJerburg, Tettnang, Achberg, New-Ravensburg, and Bre~
genz. In it are comprehended
The villages o( E/chach or Aefchach, which was formerly a town.
Rickenbach, Schonau, and Oberraitnau, which conftitute a part of the
town's property. But in each of thefe villages the fecular abbey at Lindau
has a farm, and the patronage of them was mortgaged, in 1334,. by
the Emperor Lewis to Hugh Count of Bregenz, as alfo by the Emperor
Charles IV. in the years 1364 and 1366 to Ulrich the Elder Count of Helfenflein;
by the Emperor Winceßaus \n 1394 to Mark von Schellenberg;
and laftly, by the Emperor Sigifmund in 1430 to the town of Lindau, for
the fum of 1300 florins. All the natives of thefe four villages, before the
Vol. V. Q^q year
297

;
2ß GERMANY. [DinkelsbuhK
the year 1430, were freemen 0? Lindau. The three firft ftand within the
high and low jurifdidion of the town of Lindau, but the fourth only within
the latter.
The villages and hamlets of Scbachen, Tegeißein, Hory, Heimafreutin^
Streittehßngen, and Hochbuch., and tiie caftles of Senfftnau and Alivind are
all under the high and low jurifdidion of the town.
The four parilhes of Herkenfchweiler, Sigmanfzell, Weißenberg, and \]n~
terraitnciu, together with the hamlets and farms belonging to it ; as likewife
Beßfireuttin, and certain other places lie within the low jurifdidliorj
of the town ; but the high jurifdidion thereof is vefted in the county of
Montßort.
DINKELSBUHL.
The free Imperial town of Dlnkelskihl or Dunkehpuhl, by fome called
T'ricoliis, Zcacollis, or Zeapolis, lies betwixt the county of Oettingen and the
Marggravate of Anfpacb on the Wernitz, ftanding on three buhles or hills,
on which formerly grew fpelt. Accordingly on its arms is an ear of fpelt
Or. The inhabitants of this place are a mixture of Luthentm and Romancatholics,
the latter of which are poiTefled of the great church and two
convents; but the former of the hofpital-church, their own confiftory, and
two German fchools, in one of which, by virtue of a compadt made in the
year 165 1, Latin may be taught. The maglftracy here is alfo one half of
it i?o;;/j«-catholic, and the other Lutheran. The T'eutonick order has a
manor and a prefedurate here belonging to the commandery of ElUngen,
and among others comprehends in it the village of Witnmelbach. In an
ancient inflrument this place is called oppidum 'oilUcmn ; and about the year
928 was firft environed with a wall, to which in 11 26 was added another.
In 1 35 1 the town was mortgaged by the Emperor to the Counts of Oettiji'
gen, but afterwards redeemed itfelf. The Emperors Charles IV. and JVenceßam
engaged to maintain it in its immediate dependency on the Empire.
In the Diet of the Empire it poflelTes the fixteenth place on the bench of
the Imperial towns in Sivabia; but in that of the circle the thirteenth.
Its afleffment to the matricula of the Empire and Circle in the year 1683
was reduced from two hundred and eight florins to the fum of ninety-fix
but to the chamber at Wetzlar it is taxed at one hundred and forty-eight
rixdollars, feventy-one kruitzers.
The hamlef of Tieß-weeg conftitutes the principal part of its
diftrid.^
BIBER ACH,

Ravensburg.] GERMAN Y.
299
B I B E R A C H.
The free Imperial town of Biherach and its diftridl lies on the little river
Riefz, near the abbeys of Ochjeiihaiifeti and Heggbach j bordering likewife on
Auftria and other territories : The town is feated in a valley amidft mountains.
Its magiflracy are one half of it 7?ö;;w;?-catholics, and the other
half Lutherans. St. Martins, or the great church here, and the rich hofpital,
together with its church, are common to both feds. The Lutherans
alfo are poffefTed of the church of St. Mary Magdalen. Each of them likewife
has its grammar-fchool. In the town is a nunnery, and near it ftands
a convent of Monks. Its arms are azure, a beaver crowned Or. The
Emperor Charles IV. and WeJiceßaiis promifed to maintain it in its immediate
dependance on the Empire. Its place in the Imperial Diet is the feventeenth
among the towns oi Sivabia, and in that of the circle the fourteenth.
Its taxation to the matricula of the Empire and Circle formerly amounted
to one hundred and ninety-fix florins, but in the year 1683 it obtained a
reduction to fixty-five florins and three quarters. To the chamber at Wetzlar
it pays eighty-one rixdoUars, fourteen kruitzers and a half, befides
an annual prefent of ten lb. of pfennings to the prefeäurate of Altorf.
The parochial village of Upper-holzheim belonging to its diftridl is Lutheran,
Exclufive too of the villages oi Alteiiweiler, Baltri}igen, Ingerkingen, Lauherßaufen,
and feveral hamlets and farms, it has, under its prefedurate,
the lower juiifdidlion over feveral others.
RAVENSBURG,
The free Imperial town of Ravensburg, formerly more properly called
Gravensburg, or Counts-caflle, lies in a valley on the river Schujz in the
Algau, being wholly furrounded by the prefedurate. The Roman-cz\\\oX\z%
and Lutherans here both with refped to fpiritual and temporal affairs are
on the fame footing with each other, and the magiflracy is fliared betwixt
them. The church fituated near the Carmelite convent is common to the
two feds ; but the Lutherans are exclufively pofl'efl'ed of the Trinity church,
and the Roman-C2Ll\\o\\c% alfo of two parifli churches. This place anciently
belonged to the Guelphs Counts of Altorf; but was an Imperial town before
the time of King Rudolphus, as appears from its charters of 1276 and
1286. The Emperors Charles IV. and Wencejlaus engaged to maintain it
in its immediacy on the Empire. In the general Diet it fits the eighteenth
among the Imperial towns of the bench of Sicabia, but on the bench of
the circle it holds the fifteenth feat. Its afleflrnent in the matricula of the
Empire and Circle was reduced in the years 1683 from one hundred and
Q^q 2
ninety-

300 GERMANY. [Kempten.
nlnety-fix florins to feventy-eight ; but in 1728 railed again to one hundred.
Its contribution to the chamber of" PVetzIar is lixty rixdollars, feventy-feven
kruitzers and a half. To the prcfetturate it pays annually as an honorary
prefent 10/^. of pfennings. Ravetislnirg is a very ancient court-town belonging
to the tribunal held on the Leutkircher heath and the Purs. The
caftle, which flood on a hill near the town, and which in the year 1647,
was burnt by the Sivedes, the government in the Upper and Loiver-Swabia
affumed to themfelves.
The lordfliip of Schmaleck, which was difpofed of to the town by the
Counts of Verden and Hei/igenbcrg, together with its dependencies of
Aibertjchii^endi, 'Diinkertjchiveiler, and i^fZ/fwrz///', fland under the high jurifd;d:ion
of the prefedurate, fubjedl to whofe high and low jurifdidion
are many other lands. From the charter of the Emperor Frederick III.
which bears date in the year 1478, it appears that the fuperintendency of
the whole foreft of Altov}\ together with the power of holding an annual
forefl-court was conferred by the Empire as a fief on the town.
K E M P r E N.
The free Imperial town of Kempten in Latin Campidona, lies in the
Algau on the river Her which flows betwixt the town and the fuburbs,
and {lands as is fuppofed on the fite of the ancient Cainpodtinum or Cainpidunum.
But although there was a Ro?)mn üation here, Ptolemy notwithflanding
places Campoduman betwixt the rivers Ifer and 'Jun, whence it may
widi greater
probability be looked for in the didridl of Munich the capital
of Bavaria. Both the burghers and magiftracy here profefs Lutheranijm,
and in the town is a handfome parifli church and a grammar-fchool. Its
arms arc the Imperial eagle /'.jr/)'/'«-^^/^', Or ^nd fakle. This town aflerts
that it is of greater antiquity than the Imperial abbey which {lands near it j
and the latter again maintains that the town owes its walls and its very appearance
of a town to the abbots, and was for a long time fubjedl to them, not the
leaft fliadow of their independency appearing before the thirteenth century;
The town again allows that the abbots found means to obtain feveral privileges
and regalia in it, but deny that they had ever any fuch thing as a
complete fovereignty over it, having from time immemorial always been an
independent Imperial town : However that be. King Rudolph I. in an inflrument
of 1289 fliles himfelf their legitimus advocatus, and enjoined that
the burghers fhould not in anywife be, by the abbot, molefled, mortgaged
or aggrieved on account of the abbey ; which inftrument was further renewed
and confirmed to it in the year 1304 by the Emperors Albert I. and
in 1354 by Charles IV. which lafl named Emperor in the years 1348,
*355> ^'^^ 136^» again ratified their immediate dependence on the Empire,

Kauffbeuren.] GERMANY,
301
pire, and the like was done in 1370 and 1377 by the Emperor Wenceßaus :
Laftly, it
alFerts that the Emperor Frederick III. in the year j 448 again took
it into iiii defence and protedion, and into tliat of the Empire, under
which as well as other Imperial cities it had always continued immediately
independent : And that he likewife confirmed all its ancient rights and privileges.
Laftly, in 1525, this town for the fum of 30,000 gold builders
purchafed to itfelf all rights, prerogatives, profits and perquilites,
particularly all tolls and taxes belonging to the abbey, both within and
without the town ; which compadl received the fandion not only of the
Emperor Charles V. but alfo of all his fucceflbrs, and likewife that of the
iee of Rome. By virtue thereof the abbey is to build on its ground no more
than what is abfolutely neceflary, and for its own fervice ; and not to fortify
the abbey, or raife any ftrudlures conducive thereto, nor within a mile of
the town of Kempten, to hold or caufe to be held any market, either public
or private. In the year 1633 the town was taken fword in hand by the
Impcrialißs with the llaughter of at leaft two thirds of the burghers. In the
Diet of the Empire it fits the twentieth among the Iinperial towns on the
bench oi Swabiu; but in that of the circle, it poffelles the fixteenth feat.
Its affeffment in the matricula ot the Diet and Circle was in the year löS"
reduced from one hundred and fifty-fix florins to fifty-'vvo. To the Imperial
chamber at Wetzlar it pays forty rixdoUars, fifty-tour kruitzers. It has no
villages, but is pollefTed of lands, monies, tithes and other incomes.
KAUFFBEUREN,
The free Imperial town of Kauffbeuren and its diftrid lies in the Ali;r(7u
on the Iferlach, and in the valley which derives its name from it betvvixt
the bilhopric of Augsburg, and the abbies of Kempten and Trfee. Before
the fourteenth century, and even fo late as the year 1336, it was ftiled only
Buren, or Eurun. The burghers here are partly Lutherans and partly
Roman~c2x\io\\Q.s, but its magiftracy confifts of eight Lutherans and four
/^owö«-catholics. In the town-court and great council are alfo Iwo Roma?icatholic
members, but the refb are all Lutherans. Here is a Jefuits refidence
and a Francifcan nunnery. In or near the town was anciently a caftle
of the fame name, from which, and that not improbably, Frederick of Buren,
father to Frederick of Staiiffen, firft Duke of Sivabia, received his furname.
On the extindion of the Dukes of Swabia of the Hohen-Stauffen
line, the town fell to the Empire. The Emperors Charles IV. and Wencejlaus
promifed to maintain it perpetually in its immediate dependency thereon.
In the general Diet it fits the twenty-fecond among the Imperial
towns of the bench of S.wabia, but in the Diet of the circle its place is the
feventeenth among the Imperial towns. Its afTellment in the matricula of
i
the

302 G. E R M A N r. [Wangen.
the Empire and Circle was formerly one hundred and fixty florins, but in
1683 was reduced to fifty-three and one half. To the chamber at Wetzlar
it pays forty-four rixdollars, fixty-five kruitzers.
WE
In its diftrifb are the villages of Vpper-Beuren^ Maurßetten, Upper-Germeringen,
Upper-Oßendo7-f &nd Weßendorf.
IL.
The free Imperial town of Weil, in Latin Wila, is alfo called Weilerßadt,
Stadtwil, or Weil dießadt, by way of diftindion from a village of the fame
name. This town ftands on the river Wurm, htivj'ixt Liebenzell and Sin-
Aelfingen, two towns belonging to the dutchy of Wurtanberg, by which
dutchy it is wholly furrounded. The i^owöw-catholic religion prevails here.
The paridi-church of St. Feter was formerly collegiate. Here is alfo a
convent oi Augußijie and Capuchin Monk?,, together with a rich hofpital.
The time of its being made an Imperial town is not certainly known. The
Emperors Charles IV. and Wenceßaus promifed to maintain it as fuch. In
the general Diet it fits the twenty-third among the Imperial towns on the
Sivabian bench, but in the circular Diet is poffefled of the eighteenth feat.
Its affelTment in the niatricula of the Empire and Circle was in the year
1683 reduced from fixty florins to eighteen, but in 1728 raifed again to
thirty. Its quota to the chamber at Wetzlar is forty-five rixdollars, ten
kruitzers. To the Imperial prefedurate o{ Altorf'w. pays annually as an acknowledgment
ten pound of hellers. In the year 1388 Count Ulrich oi
Wurtemberg
WANGEN,
lofl; his life in a battle near this place. In 1648 the French
took it by ftorm. Near it is a freye purjch, or free hunting diftrid.
The free Imperial town of Waiigen lies, together with its diftrid, on the
river Argen, betwixt the prefedurate of Altorf and the lordfliips of Tettnang,
Egloff' and others ; being Roman-czxhoWc, and containing in it a parifhchurch,
as alio an hofpital and a convent of Capuchin Monks. At what
time it became an Imperial town is not known. In 1330 the Emperor
Lewis mortgaged it to Hugh, Count of Bregenz ; but the Emperors
Charles IV. and Wenceßaus promifed to maintain it in its perpetual privileges.
In the diet of the Empire it fits the twenty-fourth among the Imperial
towns of the bench of Sivabia, but the nineteenth in the circular
Diet. Its afileflment in the matricida of the Empire and Circle which formerly
amounted to eighty florins was in 1683 reduced to forty. To the
Imperial chamber at Wetzlar its quota is thirty-fix rixdollars, forty-three
kruitzers. To the imperial prefedurate of Alto?-/ it pays annually eight
pounds

Leutkirch.] GERMANY. 303
Wangen is alfo one of the court-towns of the tribunal
pounds of pfennings.
which is held on hcutkircher heath and the Purs. In the year 1538 it was
greatly damaged by fire.
The villages of Wormbrechts^
In its diftrid are
Thann, Loiaer-Wangen^ and other places.
Y S N L
The free Imperial town o^ Tfni, or Ifny, lies in the Algaii^ betwixt the
counties of Hoheneck and Trmichbu-^g, and the lordfliip of Egkf. Its magiftracy
and the greateft part of its burghery are Lutheran ; but among the
latter are feme /?5;;7i7;;-catholics. Heie is even an abbey oi Betifdi&!?ie Monks,
of which the
noble family of the ^rcuchjt'lfes are adminiürator.^ and patrons,
the whole city indeed likewife formerly belonging to them. But the latter
in 1365 redeeming itklf for 9000 lb. weight of hellers, it was by the lc.\x\-
fievor Char/es IV. taken into the immediate protedion of the Empire, with
all the rights immunities and ulages of the other Imperial towns. The
Emperor JVenceßaus further affured them of the perpetual enjoyment of their
tenure. In a Diet of the Empire its place among the Imperial towns on
the bench of S-wabia is the twentv-fif'^h, but in the circuli^r Diet the
twentieth. Its taxation to the tna'ricu/a of th. Empire and Diet was in
1683 reduced from eighty to forty riorins. In 1692 it was further reduced
to thirty, and afterwards to lixteen, but in 1728 raifed again to thirty-eight
florins. To the Imperial chamber at Wetzlar it pays thirty-three rixdoUars,
feventy-five kruitzers. Ever lince the year 15 14 Tffii has been a courttown
for the heath of Leutktrch and the Purs. In 1631 a great part of it
was confjmed by fire, and in 1721 it fuffered extremely by the like calamity.
LEUTKIRCH.
The free Imperial town o^ Leutkirch lies in the Algau on the river £/-
chach, which below this place runs into the Aitrach, and likewife on the
heath to which it gives name. In it is a Lutheran and a i?öw/ö«- catholic
church, together with a nunnery of Francijcans, but the greateft part of
the magiftracv are Lutherans. Its immediate dependence on the Empire
may be traced with certainty at leaft from the time of King Rudolph^ and
the Emperors Charles IV. and Wenceßaus promifed to preferve it in the fame.
In the Diet of the Empire its place among the Imperial towns of the
bench of Swabia it, • the twenty-eighth, and among thufe of the circle the
twenty-firft. Its aflelTment to the motricula of the Empire and Circle was
in the year 1683 reduced fiom forty to fourteen florins; but in 1728 raifed
again to twenty-one. To the chamber at Wetzlar it pays thirty-three rixdoUars.,

3C4 GERMANY. [WimpfFen.
dollars, fixty-nine kruitzers and a half. Lentkirch was formerly a courttown
for the tribunal held on its heath, and in the Purs. It is furrounded
with lands under the high and low jurifdidion of the prefedurate, on
which account, in the year 1545, it entered into a particular convention
with it.
TV I M P F F E N.
The free Imperial town of Wimpffen, in Latin V/imptna, and in the
time of the Romam called Cornelia, lies in the Craichgau on the river Neckar,
which hereabouts receives into it the yagß. This place confifts properly
of two towns, the moft confiderable of which \i cAltdi Wimpff'en auf dem
berg, or Wimpffen on the hill, and the other Witnpffen in thale, or Wimpffen
on the vale. In the former of thefe is a Lutheran parifh-church and a
orammar-fchool, as alfo a i?o/«ö«-catholic hofpital, or houfe of the order
of the Holy Choß -, but in the latter is a Rojnan-c^ilhoWc abbey dedicated to
St. Peter, together with a convent of Dominican Monks. The miigiftracy
here, however, are wholly Lutherans. The Huns are faid to have ravaged
this town ; but an inftrument of donation by King Hetiry Vil. bearing date
in the year 1228, fliews it to have entirely recovered that calamity. On
the failure of the Dukes of Sivabia it gradually procured its freedom, and
the Emperors Charles IV. and Wenceßaus promifed to maintain it in its
immediate dependency on the Empire. In the general Diet it fits the
twenty-ninth among the Imperial towns of the bench of Swabia, but in
the circular its place is the twenty-fecond. Its taxation to the mat^-icula of
the Empire and Circle formerly amounted to eighty florins ; but in the year
1683 this was reduced to twenty-five j and in 1728, further lowered to
twenty-two. To the chamber at Wetzlar its quota is fifty-one rixdollars, feventy-five
kruitzers and a half.
In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries
there was an Imperial tribunal at this place, from which poflibly the ancient
Oberhof, as it was called, took its origin : And this tribunal adminftered
fpeedy juftice to a great many circumjacent places. In the years
1539 and 1540 was held an Imperial chamber here; and in 1626 a lliarp
adlion happened here betwixt Count Tilly and the Marggrave of Baaden-
Durlach. In 1645 and 1688 Wimpffen was taken by the French.
The only village in its diftridt is that of Hofßatt.
G I E N G E N.
The free Imperial town of Giengen lies on the river Brenz, being furrounded
by the lordfliip of Heydenheim, which belongs to Wurtemberg. This
place

Pfullendorf.]
GERMANY:
place is Lutheran. At what time it came to be an Imperial town is not
known. In the year 1354 the Emperor Charles IV. granted it to the Counts
of Helfenflcin as an hereditary fief, but in 1378 that Emperor lealfumed it,
and the Emperor Wenceßaus alfo promifed to maintain it as an Imperial
town. In 1634 it was entirely deftroyed by the Imperial army. In the
general Diet it holds the thirty-firfl: place among the Imperial towns of the
Bench of Swabia, and in that of the Circle of Sivabia the twenty-third.
Its affefTment to the mairicula of the Empire and circle, which formerly
amounted to fixty florins, was, in the year 1683, reduced to thirty-four ; but
in 1728 fettled again at thirty-fix. To the chamber at Wetzlar \i^ c^mqu
305
is twenty-feven rixdoUars, fix kruitzers.
PFULLENDORF,
The free little Imperial town of Pfullendorf lies in the Hegau, betwixt
the counties of Heiligenberg and Sigmari?igen. Some are of opinion that at
this place flood the town of Bragodurutn, mentioned by Ptoiomey. This
town is i?ö;;w«-catholic, and exclufive of a pari(h-church contains in it a
hofpital and two nunneries. Anciently it had Counts of its own, of whom
Count Rudolph, who died in 1 180, having only one daughter, was prevailed
upon to transfer his county to the Emperor Frederick I. The Emperors
Charles IV. and Wenceßaus promifed to maintain the town in the enjoyment
of its Imperial privileges. In theDiet of theEmpire its place is the twenty-fjxth
among the Imperial towns on the bench of Swabia, and in that of the circle
the twenty-fourth. Its afleflment in the matricula of the Empire and
Circle formerly amounted to one hundred and four florins ; but in the year
1683 this was reduced to forty-three, and in 1728 raifed again to forty-fix.
To the chamber of Wetzlar it pays thirty-three rixdollars, fixty-nine kruitzers
and a half. To the Imperial prefedurate it pays annually an acknowledgment
of five pounds of pfennings.
The village of Linz belonging to it, and which ftands at the diftance of
about one hour weft from the town, gave name to the Linzgau
B U C H H R N.
The free little Imperial town of Buchhorn, or Buchorn^ lies on the lake of
Coftanz, being Lutheran, and had formerly Counts of its own, who failed in
the perfon of Count Otto, on which this town efcheated to the Guelphs,
Counts of Altorf: But even fo early as the Sivabian Emperors it was an
Imperial town ; and was further declared fuch by 'King Rudolph!, in the
year 1275. The Emperors Charles IV. and Weiueßaiis promifed alfo to
Vol. V. R r main-

3c6 GERMANY. [Aalen,
maintain it in its privileges. In the general Diet it holds the thirty-fourth
place among the Imperial towns on the bench of Sivahja, and in that of the
circle the twenty-fifth. Its afTelTment in the matricula of the Empire and
Circle was reduced in the year 1683 from twenty to fourteen florins, and \n
1728 farther lowered to thirteen. To the chamber at PFctzlar it pays
twenty rixdollars, twenty-feven kruitzers, exclufive of an acknowledgment
often pounds of pfennings to the Imperial prefeöurate o^ Altorf. This place
is under the proteftion of the Imperial town of JJbaiingen. In it are warehoufes
for the goods configned to it from St. Gall and Btcmach, crofs the
lake of Coßanz. to Sival>ia, and likewife for thofe fent in return. In the
yeai- 1369 it w-as wholly deftroyed by fire. Not far from it ftands a Do^
miincmi nunnery called Lieben, or Lo'wenthal.
The lordfliip of Baumgarten, together with the feat of that name and
the large village oi Eriskirch, is under the high jurifdiäion of tlie prefecturate.AALE
N.
The free Imperial town of Aalen, in Latin called Ah, or Ola^ lies in th©
Kochenthal on the river Kocher, betwixt the diflricl of the Imperial town of
Gmünd and the abbey of Elwangetj, being wholly Proteflant. A Count of
Oettingen is faid to have mortgaged it for the fum of 20,000 fiorins to Count
Eberhard oilVurtemhivg; but in the year 1360 the Emperor CZwA'i IV,
purchafed it and annexed it to the Empire, and as fuch the Emperor Weu".
ceßam in 1387, and in 140 1 the Emperor Rupert, promifed to maintain it.
In the general Diet its place among the Imperial towns on the Swabiars
bench is the thirty-fifth, but in that of the circle it pofTefTes the twentyfixth.
Its affelTment in the matricula of the Empire .and Circle formerly
amounted to fixty florins, but in the year 1683 it obtained a redudion of
it to twenty-nine, and in the year 1728 this fum was raifed again to thirtyeight
florins. To the chamber of Wetzlar it
pays eighteen rixdollars, fifcy-lix
kruitzers and a half} and as an acknowledgment of its having a civil jufhciary
it pays likewife every year ten florins to the Imperial prefedturate oiAltorf.
To its diftrift belong the hamlets of Upper and Vnäer-Rombach^ Häbemßatt,
Rothenberg and Littk-Hurblingen,
B P F I N G E N.
The fmall free Imperial town of Bopfingen, or Topfingen, lies
in the Rießs
en the river Eger, being furrounded by the county of Oettifigen. This place
is Lutheran. In the year 1387 the Emperor Wencejlaus promifed it the
con-

Orenburg.]
GERMANY.
continuance of its privileges. In the Diet of the Empire its place amon»
3^7
the Imperial towns of the bench of Sisoabia is the thirty-feventh, but in
that of the circle it ranks the t\vrnt\'-feventh. Its airellhient in the fnatricula
of the Ejtpire ?nd Circle lormerly amounted to twenty-four florins;
but in 1683 this was reduced to feventeen, though in 1728 raifed aoain to
twenty. To the Imperial chamber at Wetzlar its quota is thirteen rixdoUars,
fixty-five kruitzers and a half. This place is proprietor of the village
oi Oberdoff in its neighbourhood.
B U C H A U.
The free little Imperial town of Biichau ftands on the Federfee. In the
time of the Emperor Leivis it was mortgaged, but in 1347 that Emperor
promifed to make it unalienable if it redeemed itfelf, and in 1387 it received
aiTurances fr(im the Emperor Wenceßain of its perpetual annexment
to the Empire. In the general Diet its place among the Imperial towns of
the bench of Sii-abia is the thirty-fixth ; but in that of the circle the twentyeighth.
Its afleflment in the matricida of the Empire and Circle formerly
amounted to eight florins, but in 1683 this fum was reduced to four. To
the chamber
OFFEN
at Wetzlar it pays fixteen rixdollars, nineteen kruitzers and
a half.
BURG.
The free little Imperial town of Offenhurg lies on the river Kinzhg in
the Ortenau, being Roman-c^\.\\o\\c, and containing in it two convents.
This place was originally an Imperial town, but by the Empire mort^a^ed
to Banden, which in the year 1330 made over the faid mortgage to the bifhopric
oi Strafzbiirg, by which bifliopric one half of it was further tranfferred
to the Eledor-palatine. From the former of thefe the town redeemed
itfelf fomewhat before the fixteenth century, and from the latter it became
difcharged in the year 1504, on that Prince's falling under the ban of the
Empire. In J 63 5 its charter as an Imperial and circular town was renewed.
In the Diet of the Empire it fits the twcnty-feventh amon^ the
Imperial towns on the bench of Siambia, but at the circular Diet its place is
reckoned the twenty-ninth. Its afTeflinent in the matricula of the Circle
and Empire was in the year 1683 reduced from one hundred and twenty
to thirty-four florins, and in 17^8 to thirty-three. To the chamber at
Wetzlar it pays twenty-two rixdollars, eighty-eight kruitzers and a half.
Offenburg is under the protedion of Aiijlria, and even the refidence of the
Atißrian prefedl in Ortenau. In the year 1688 its fortifications were bIo\\n
up by the French.
R r 2 GENGEN-

3o8
GERMANY. [Gengenbach.
GEN GEN BACH.
The free little Imperial town of Gengenbach lies alfo on the river Kifizthg
in the Ortenau, It was for fome time mortgaged to the bifliopric oi Sfrafzburg,
and by that bilhopric further mortgaged to the Eledtor-palatine : but
in the beginning of the fixteenth century, the Eleäor Philip being put
under the ban of the Empire, it was difcharged from that mortgage,
though even whilft it continued this town enjoyed a feat, and its reprefentative
was a

1
Ottobeuren.] GERMANY, 309
APPENDIX.
TN the circle of Swabia lie alfo the following immediate Imperial lands,
*• though without being States of the circle : viz.
OTTOBEUREN,
I . The Abbey of
The Be7iedi£iine abbey oi Ottobeuren, or Ottenbeuren, formerly alfo called
XJttenbeuren and I'tabeuren,
ftands about two hours eaftward from MemmingeHy
being; the fineft convent of that order in all Sii'abia, and indeed a
fuperb building, containing a Iplendid church. It was firft founded in the
year 764, and belonged to the cathedral of Augsbia-g, but is at prefent exempt
from all fubordination, having, in the year 1626, paid that cathedral
the fum of / 00,000 florins ; in confideration of which it renounced all
fupremacy, jurifdidlion and authority, together with the power of impofing
taxes over it -, which agreement was confirmed by the Emperor. The title
of the abbot is that o'i Keignitig prelate and lord of the immediatefree Imperial
Ä^^fy ö/~ Ottobeuren, aSiual counjellor and hereditary chaplain to his Imperial
Majeßy. The convent is immediately under the Empire, and as fuch formerly
ufed to be fummoned to the Imperial Diet ; but this privilege has for
a long time been difcontinued. It is likewife affelTed in the quota of the
circle of Swabia. Near it is a market-town, over which it is pofTefled of
criminal jurifdidlion, as a fief of the Empire, granted to it in the year 152
by Charles V.
About half one hour's diftance below Ottobeuren lies the Be7iedi5line nunnery
oi Kloßerwald, being fubjed: to a priorefs, and in fome meafure dependent
on Ottobeuren.
To the jurifd'iflion of the abbey of Ottobeuren belong the villages of
yiltfried, Attahaufen, Beheim, Benningen, which lies not far from Memmingen,
Frechenried, Gunz, Ha-wangen, Upper and Under-JVellerheim, Sund'
heim on the Under-Gunz, Urigerhaufen, 6cc. It is alfo poflefled of ceitain
lands belonging to the Teutonick order.
2, Th©

310 G E R M A N T. [Buxheim.
AUGSBURG.
2. The Abbey of S. Ulrich and S. Afra in
In the Imperial C'^v of Augihurg flands the abbey of St. VlriJ: and
St. Afra; from which, towards the beginning of the eleventh century,
Bruno, bifliop oi Augsburg, removed the lay-brothers, filling it with BemdiSltne
Monks, under the direction of an abbot, and alfo prevailed with :he
Emperor Hcn7-y II. to grant them five villages, after he himPlf had tranfferred
all the wealth of tliis church to the bifliopric and feparated the incomes
of the two churches from each other. In the years 1323 and 1335,
the Emperor Z/?ic75 conferred two privileges on the abbot, declaring him his
chaplain and receiving him and the convent, together with a'l its lands and
vafTals, into his particular protedlion ; and likewife pafTtd an adt that the
abbot and the convent (hould not be indidlable before any other perio;
than
the Emperor himlelf. In the vear 1417, the Emperor 6>^//;wW granted a
charter to the convent and at the fame tiine put it under the vicariate protedlion
of the city of Augsburg, to which, however, it pays the fum of one
hundred golden guilders per annum as protedtion-money. In the year
1422, the freedom of this city was granted to the convent. In 1576,
the bifhop of Augsburg was for difputing the immediate dependency of this
abbey on the Empire, and for affuming the fovereignty over it ; but, in the
year 1577, he received an order from the fifcal of the Empire enjoining him
not to impofe any tax on the abbey or exercife any kind of temporal jurifdiftion
over it, being, as a State of the Empire, to remain unmolefted in its
privileges. In the general Diet its abbot fits among the prelates of the
Rhine, and in the matn'cula is affeflTed at twenty florins ; but the taxes for the
Empire, and other contributions, it ufually pays into the ofiice of the bifhop
of Augsburg.
^. The Villages belonging to the Carthtißa7i monaftery of
B U X H E I M.
The chartreux of Buxheim is under the proteftion of Außria ;
and for
that reafon has been mentioned above. On account, however of its villages,
it pays taxes to the circle of Swabia.
Weßerhard is a hamlet about half an hour's diftance from the convent,
fituated not far from the river Her,
Pkjz,

Munfter.] GERMANY.
311
Plefz^ ov Blefz, a village, lying alfo not far from the//

[ 3^2 ]
INTRODUCTION
BAVARIA.
To the C I R C L E of
§.i. /^^F the circle of Bavaria maps have been publifhed by &an-
\_^
foil, yaillot, No/lin, de Witt, ViJJcher and Homatm ; but that of
the laft is the beft, and conftitutes the feventy-fifth in the Atlas of Ger~
many.
§. 2. This circle is environed by the circles of Swabia, Außria and
Franconia, and the Kingdom of Bohemia. It contains in it about 1020
fquare geographical miles, and derives its name from the dutchy of Ba-
being the largefl and mofl confiderable part thereof.
varia,
§. 3. The twenty States of this circle are divided into two benches of ecclefiaftics
and laicks. The ecclefiaftical States here are the archbifhopric of
Salzburg, the bishopries of Freifmgcn, Ratisbonne and Pafau, together with
the priory of Berchtolfgadeti and the abbies of S. Emeran, Loiver and Upper-
Miinfler, all which three lie in the city oiRatisbonne. The laicks here are
compofed of the eleftorate of Bavaria, the dutchies of Neuburg and Siilzbach,
the landgravate of i/^«r6/^«(^fr^, the princely county of 6'/^£'/-«/?f/;?j together
with the counties of Haag and Ortetiburg, as alfo the lordfhips of
Ehrenfels, Sulzburg and Pyrbaum, Hohewwaldeck, Breiteneck and the Imperial
city of Ratisbonne. In the circular Diets their fufFrages are demanded
in the following order: viz. Salzburg, the electorate of Bavaria, Frcifmgen,
Neuburg, Ratisbonne, Leuchtenberg, Pajfau, Sternjhin, BerchtolfgadeUy
Haag, S. Emeran, Ortenburg, Lower-Munfler, Ehrenfels, Vpper-Munfier^
Sulzburg, Pyrbaum, Hohenwaldeck, Breiteneck and Ratisbonne.
§.4. Of this circle the Eledor of Bavaria and the archbifliop of Salzburg
are joint Summoning-princes and diredtors, the convocatory office
being likewife held jointly by ihem, but the direSlorium is alternate. The
Prince

;
Salzburg.] GERMANY. 31
Prince here in office is termed 'Director Agens. Ratisbonne or TFaJJ'er'ourg
are the two places where the Diet of the circle is mofl ufually held, though
it is fometimes convened alfo at La?tdjlut or Muhlorf. Whether there be a
circular chancery and chamber of records here, I am not able to determine
every DIreBor Agens, tranfa

:
.
14 GERMANY. [Salzburg.
twenty-five German miles, and from north to fouth fixteen, or from the
extremity of the limits in Upper-Bavaria \.o thofe of- Caruith'm twentv-four,
u hilft others reduce both the length and the breadth to no more than eighteen
Gervum miles,
§. 3. This country is defended on all fides by mountains and narrow
paffes, or rather conllds entirely of niountains and values. No manner of
'^rain is fown here, whence it is fupplied with all its corn from Bavaria ;
but every part of it produces hay of a peculiar goodnefs, and this proves a
fup.d for [)reeds of exxellent >:attle in it. The horfes here in particular are
efteemed for their beauty, hardinefs and vigor, being able to travel full
fpeei up the highefl: mountains, and that fupported by no other food than
hay and grafs witliout any oats. At HalUin, which ftands about two hours
diftance from the city of Salzburg, are fait- works belonging to the Sovereign,
in which fait of all colours, yellow, red, blue and white, is hewn out from
along the fubterraneous lanes, and then afterwards dilTolved in freflo-water,
which is conveyed into pits, of the brine of which is made the fineft (alt
but thefe works are carried on only in fummer, a fufficient quantity being
made in that feafon not only for home confumption, but likewife to anfwer
all foreign demands. Indeed Bavaria is the only country to which it is exported,
and there, according to an ancient compadf made betwixt the two
Princes, is it exchanged for corn. In this archbifhopric are likewife very
confiderabie mines of gold, filver, copper, lead, iron and /apis calaminaris.
A great deal of fteel and brafs is alfo made here, and the plenty of thefe lafi:
.metals remarkably appears in the aOionilhing numbers of fwords, fabres,
bayonets, mulTcets, canon and mortars which are to be feen in the armories all
over the country. Exclufive too of other foffiles, in this bifhopric is found a
very good marble. At Aign is a cold, and at Gaflein a hot bath. The principal
river here is the Salza, or Sahach, which rifes within the country, in the valley
of Krumbkr, towards the county of Tyrol, watering a great part of it, and
after receiving into it the little rivers of Saal and Gaftein, the fources of
which lie alfo in this archbifhopric, continues its courfe into Upper-Bavaria,
where it falls into the Inn, which waflies a fmall part of the weftern fide
of the archbifliopric. In it alfo rife the Ens znd. Muer, exclufive of a great
number of other little flreams, rivulets and lakes, all which abound in
variety ot fidi. The largeft of thefe lakes lie towards the frontiers of
Außria.
§. 4, In the archbifiiopric are fix cities and twenty-five market-towns.
The eftates of the nobility here enjoying lower jurifdidtion over the
vaffals, are ftyled Hofmarkte. All peafants here univerfally are allowed
the ufe of arms, and being from their early years trained up to fliooting at
a mark and military-duty, would, on occafion, prove a very ferviceable
body. Inflead of foccage they pay into the county-treafury a certain contributipn
in money, which is paid again on the demand of their refpedive
Lords.

Salzburg.] GERMANY. 315
Lords. The nobility here were formerly very numerous, but the policy of
the Princes let too many fprings at work for the oppreffing and extirpating of
them, fo that not fo much as one at prefent remains, and their eftates are
now in the hands of the church. With refpeft to the few nobles at court
or belonging to the cathedral, they are to a man all foreigners, efpcciallv
Außrians, Bohemians., and feme out of Bavaria. The nobility therefore
being thus become extinft the prelates and commons form the States of
the country, the former of thefe are the bifliop of Chicmjee, the prior of the
cathedral, the abbot of St. Peter at Salzburg, the prior of BerchtoIj\a~
der., the abbot of St. Michael in Bavaria, the prior of Haghoerth, and the
abbcfs of Numiberg; the latter are compofed of the cities and twenty- two
market towns.
§. 5. Though in this archbithopric the T^iw^w-catholic dodlrines and worHiip
alone are tolerated, yet at the time of the Reformation L/^z/vr^«//;;; was embraced
by great numbers, whom archbifliop Matthfw Langim flrove to harrafs
and extirpate by oppreffions and violence. But archbifhop 'John "James
proceeded more mildly, and in order to reconcile all tempers obtiined the
Pope'slicence to adminifter theSacramcnt in both kinds. Archbiihopr/c//^^;??-
Theodorick oi Raittenau in the year i 588 drove great numbers of his Lutheran
fubjefts out of the country, and his fuccefibr Marcus Sittich Count of Hohenetiibs
negleä:ed neither fair means nor menaces and violence, particularly
by the quartering of troopers on them, to bring all his fubjedts ao-ain
to the church oi Rome, infomuch that it was fuppofed the whole countrv
was become i?ö;;M;7-catholic. But fucceeding times convinced them of this
miflake, great numbers openly profelling Lutberauifm. On this archbilhcp
Maximilian Gandolph left them no other alternative than either to fly their
country or abjure their faith. But the moft violent flame of perfecution
here blazed out under archbifliop Leopold Antony Ekutherius Baron of Firmian,
whofe ardour for fupprelfing Lutheranijm in his province was fo {jreat
that the opprefTed party applied for redrcfs to the States of that reli'^ion in
the Diet, who prevailed fo far that in the year 1732 pertniffion was granted
to the Lutheran Salzburgers quietly to withdraw, together with their effeds;
And accordingly above 30,000 perfons embraced this indulgence, difperlin«-
themfelves in the other Proteflant countries of Gertnany, Prußia, and even
in the Engliß^ colonies in America. In all which fevcral places they were
received with that benevolence and encouragement which their magnanimity
deferved ; and ever fmce that time thele emigrations have ftill continued.
The foundations for the advancement of literature in this country
are to be found in the article of the capital.
§. 6. Exclufive of the above (§. 3.) manufaclures in metal, a coaife fort
of cloth and linen are alfo made here ; and thefe in conjundlon with its
.ftfore-mentioned produds conftitute its
foreign trade.
S f 2 §.7. The

3i6 GERMANY. [Salzburg.
The firft church at Salzburg was the work of St. Rupert, who, with
the confent ot Theodore Duke of Bavaria, founded a church at IVallerfee,
and another afterwards at Salzburg, and in the year 716 was created Bilhop
thereof. Arno the fixth of its Bilhops, according to the pofitive affertion
of the Salzburg hiflorian?, was, in the year 798 created Archbifhop and
metropohtan over Noricurii, Bavaria, a part of Rbtrtia, Bohemia, Moravia,
and Pannoiiia. Thefe hiltorians further make him legate of the apoftolic
chair through the whole extent of his metropohtan dill:rid. Archbiihop
Gebhard for his attachment to the fee of Rone, though in breach
of his allegiance to his natural fovereign the Emperor Henry IV. was rewarded
with the title of legate of the apollolic chair in Germany, which title
afterwards became perpetual to all the archbifliopa of Salzburg. Since the
extindion likewife of the archbifhop of Magdeburg, the archbifliops of
Salzburg are become primates of Germany without any competition. The
lands belonging to this archbilhopric are of very great value j and came to
it
partly by donations from the Dukes oi Bavaria, the Kings of the FrajjkSy
nobles, and private perfons, or by purchafe.
§. 8, The title of the archbifhop is By the grace of God Prince of the holy
Roman Empire, and Archbifoop of Salzburg, legatus natus oj the apoßolia
chair of Rome, and primate of Germany. In the dexter half topaz he
bears party per pale, a lion diamond ; but the finifter is damafquined. His
fupporters are a fword and a croifier, furmounted as it were behind with
a crofs.
§. 9. An archbifhop oi Salzburg, exclufive of the above-mentioned eccleßaftical
preeminences of being the born and perpetual legate of the apoftolic
fee, and primate of G^twö;?)', enjoys alfo feveral other important honours.
He wears a Cardinal's habit. AH appeals too from him lie to the
Pope alone in perfon: By permiffion from whom he difpofes of cannonfhips
in the months rcferved to the Popes in the concordats, the hcences for
which are always quinquennial ; and at the expiration of that time are renewed.
The Emperor ftiles him noell-bcloved, whereas all other ecclefiaftical
Princes, who are not of princely blood, enjoy only the title of honourable
and your reverence. This archbifliop has likewife fuffragan bifhops
under him, namely thofe of Freyfing, Ratisbon, Brixen, Gurk, Chiemfee,
Scckau, and Lavant : And the four laft are even nominated and confecrated
by him, and confirmed by his own power, and that too without ftanding in
any need of the Pope's confirmation. The laft of thefe is fo extraordinary
a privilege that the archbifliop of Salzburg is the only inftance of it. His
temporal preheminences are, that, the eledoral archbifhops excepted, he is
the only archbiOiop in all Germany who fits and votes in the Diet of the
Em.pire ; that in the college of Princes he enjoys alternately with Außria
the firfl feat on the ecclefiaftical bench, and likewife in the diredory -, that
he is joint furamoning^^ Prince and; direüor of the circle oi Bavaria-, that
he

Salzburg.] GERMANY. 317
he is invited on certain occafions to the Emperor's table, even thotigli the
Emprefs herlelt" be prefent, which is looked upon as a very peculiar honour-,
and that his envoy to the Diet takes place even of the Princes prelent,
as he did in 1663 of the Prince and abbot of Fulda.
§. IG. Its affeflment in the viatriada of the Empire is equal to that of
an Eledor, being fix'ty horfe and two hundred and ftventy-fevcn foot, or
1828 florins; to the chamber at Wetzlar he pays fix hundred and eight
rixdollars,
fixty-nine kruitzers.
§. II. The chapter of the cathedral here confifls of twenty-four perfons.
The prefent hereditary marflial of the archbilliopric is the Cour.t of
Lodron; the hereditary treafurer the Count of Torrlng , the port of hereditary
cup-bearer here ever fince the year 1669 has belonged to the Counts
of Kuenburg; and that of hereditary fteward ever fince the year 1685 to
the Counts now the Princes of Lambcrg. The firft and the two lail of
thefe hereditary places are in the difpofal of the Archdukes of Außria ;
Archbilhop Frederick III. having conferred thefe polls as hereditary on
Albert and Otho Dukes oi Außria. In the year 1701 archbiihop John Erneß
Count of T/junn inftituted an order of knighthood in honour of St. Rupert,
which confifts of twelve knights, who bind themfelves by the fame vow
as the knights of the order of St. Jobj, and muft prove the antiquity of
their nobility. At the head of this order is a grand mafler. The knights
alfo have a penfion ; and in order to be qualified for the poft of governor
of the caftle at Salzburg^ or of any of the frontier places, mufl: have ferved
ten years in a military capacity.
%. 12. The principal colleges of the archbifliop are the privy or ftateccuncil,
the confiftory, the court of juftice, the treafury, and the council
of war.
§. 13. His revenues are eftimated by Keyßer at 800,000 rixdollars;
but a perfon whofe knowledge and veracity are equally indifputable and
who has long lived at Salzburg, affirms in a manufcript that the incomes
arifing from all his lands amount totidem annis to no lefs than betwixt three
and four millions of guilders.
§. 14. The military force of this archbifhopric confifts only of one regiment
of foot containing 1000 men. The fifty halberdeers and the fifty
trabants or horfe-guards here being rather inftituted for the fplendor of the
court than the military cftablifhment ; indeed a greater number of foldiers
in this country would be both needlefsand in convenient, it being by means
of its hills and narrow paffes well fortified againft any invafions ; it has befides
very few places fit for the encampment of an army, and little or no
grain, ho! to mention its brave and expert peafantry who would prove a
flout defence to it. Every pfleg or bailiwick has its rendezvous, to which,
on a fignals being given by means of cannon planted on the mountains and
towers, they repair completely armed, and there wait further commands
for

8
31
GERMANY.
[Salzburg.
for marching. The number of peafants here who never fail to hit a
mark of a handbreadth are computed at 25,000.
§. 15. In this archbidiopric are the following places, viz.
Salzburg, in Latin Salisbitrgum, anciently Jiwavia, the capital of the
.irchbiflioprtc, and the refidence of the archbilliop, being environed by three
mountains named the Imbtrg, the Schhfzberg, and the Mwichbei-g, but on
one fide open to a large plain through the midfl of which runs the Salza
or Salzacb, both divifions of the city being joined by a bridge. Salzburg
is computed to be 5000 geometrical paces in circuit, being well fortified,
and th.U part of the city which lies to the right of the river furrounded
with eight baftions, that on the left fide with three. The mountain-caftle
here which ftands in the former is very flrong, not only on account of its
lofty fituation, but hkevvife of its works ; and in it is the principal arfenal.
This fortrcfs is open only once a year, at which time it may be feen, and
the garrlfon in it is never changed. It is alfo conftandy furniflied for a
whole year with the necelTary provillons, namely with grain, fmoaked beef,
and marrow-bones for the making of broth as occafion requires. The ftreets
in the city are narrow, and paved in the old fafhion, but in other refpedts it
is a well built place. The archbiHiop's palace in it is a large, (lately and commodious
building. Before it is a very beautiful fountain, and oppofite to it
ftands another noble palace called the Neuebau, in which the Diet of the country
is held, as alfo the meetings of all the feveral colleges} and here likewife
is the archbifliop's library. The Prince's fummer-palace called Mirabella
is alfo a grand flrudure, and contains in it a fine chapel with a very
delightful garden. The bifhop's palace of Chiemfee, the chapter-houfe,
and the apartments for the cannons, together with the palace of Counts of
Lodron and Kicnburg are all very elegant buildings. The amphitheatre here
cut out of a rock, and which is two hundred and twenty feet in length,
ftanding in the well part of the city, with the ftables on the fide of the
Monchberg, are likewife deferving particular notice. The cathedral of St.
Rupert, confecrated in 1628, is built of free-flone and marble; in it are
live organs, with a number of embellifhments, and it has alfo a very grand
treafury. The church of St. Peter is the oldefl in the city, and near it
flands a monafiery of BcnediBine Monks, in which is a fine library. The
univeifity church here, which was confecrated in the year 1707, is alfo a
noble building ; as is likewife the church in the archbifhop's feminary or the
Collegium Valerianum which is a nurfery of ecclefiaftics, together with twentyfeven
other churches, feven of which ftand clofe by the convents ; not to
mention the large hofpital of St. 'John, together with four others, and
witjicut dwelling upon the collegium clericorum on the Capuchin mountain
before the Steinthor. The univerfny of Salzburg was firfl founded by archbilliop
Paris in the year 1620. In 1623 it was completed and given to
«rbe Benediclines, and in 1625 a bull was alfo obtained for it. In the colleges

Salzburg.] GERMANY. 319
leges of Rupert and hodron young noblemen are educated. Salzhm-(r is
conveniently lituated for trade. In 1510 it attempted to make itfelf an
Imperial free city, but was reduced to its obedience by archbiihop heonard.
On a hill near it ftar.ds the nunnery of Nunn, or Nonnberg^ which is inftitutcd
for ladies.
Hcllbrunn, in Latin Clarofonfanum palatlum, a feat of the archbi'Lop's,
with a very pleafant garden belonging to it,
l^ahhia-g.
Ues half an hour's diftance from
Klejzheim, an archiepifcopal caftle, lies three fourths of an hours diftance
from the city, and clofe by it is the pheafint houfe of Bchederc
Lanffen is a town on the Salza with a bailiwick belonging to it. Almoft
one halt^ of this place was deftroyed by fire in the year lö-^j.
Staiiff'eneck is a caftle and bailiwick lying not far from the river StiaL
Hi'gi'wer', or Hagelwjrd, a priory feated on a fmill inland Iaki.\
Rajchcnberg, a caftle, which is the feat of a baihwick.
T'eijendorJ, a market- town.
Waging, is alfo a market-town, feated on the Tacben-Jee, on the or-pofite
fide of which ftands the caftle of Lampoding.
Dengling is likewife a market-town.
Tittmaniug, a town feated on the Salza and the refidence of a bailiff".
In the year 1571 this place was fet on fire by lightening, and onlv a few
houfcs left ftanding.
Middorf, a town lying on the hin, and furrounded by Upper -Bavaria,
is the feat of a bailiwick, to which belongs Old-Muidorf, Mcßing, and
Friezing. This town was almoft: wholly deftroyed by fire in the year
1640.
Si. Michael Beym is a convent of BencdiSfhie Monks.
Mattfee, a market-place with a caftle and foundation in it feated on a
lake of the fame name, is the refidence of a bailiff, and was purchafed
of the cathedral of Paffau in the years 1390 and 1398, but continued a
fief thereof; the foundation in ecclefiaftical matters, being likewife fubordinate
to
this biftiopric.
Strafz-Walchett, alio called Strafzioald, is a market-town, with a diftridl
belonging to it under the diredlion of a bailiff.
Neumark, alfo is a market-town. Not far from this place ftands the
caftle of Pfangau.
Altenthan, a mountain-caftle, with a diftridl belonging to it, was in the
year 1362 transferred from the noble family oi Tha?i to the archbiftiopric.
Liechienthan is
a caftle having a bailiwick.
Seekircben, a market-town near the JVailer-fee, takes its name from a
church, which St. Rupert built there and was his firft refidence. In this
town is a college of canons. Not far from it ftands Plai?i in which is an
image of the Virgin much reforted to by pilgrims.
Neuhaiii
I

3 2^ G E R M A N r, [Salzburg.
Neuhaus is a caftle and bailiwick.
Aign, a village lying not far from Salzburg, and containing a cold bath.
Turn is a caftle fituated not far from the Salza.
Kopplj a hof-markt or eftate, enjoying a low jurifdidtion.
Talgen, a parifli, belonging to the cathedral, and the refidence of an
Urbar ]\iAgQ, or prcejeSlus agreßium tributalium, lies on the little river Fufch
which iflbes out of a lake of the fame name.
Wartenfeh is a caftle feated on a mountain, and having a bailiwick.
S. Mgidius, or S. Gilling, a market-town feated on the Aber, or S, Wolfgang-fee.
liuttenfle'tn, a caftle ftanding on a hill, and the refidence of a bailiff.
Hallein, a town, lying on the Salza, and the feat of a diftridl, derive its
name from the falt-works in it, which have been defcribed above (§.3.)
The fa!t-pit lies not far from it near the church oi Durnberg, which is dedicated
to Our Lady.
Glancck is a caftle and diftricfl fituate betwixt the Saal and Saha.
Kuchl, anciently called CiicuUi, is a market-town feated on the Salza.
GolUng, a market-town lying on the Salza, is the feat of a baliwick.
Not far from it lies the pafs of Lueg, on which, near the Salza, is a
narrow way leading over a fteep mountain.
Abbtenau is a market-town.
Werfen is a fortrefs, fituated on the Salza, and firft built by archblftiop
Gebhard In the eleventh century, but archbifliop John fames enlarged its
fortifications. Near it is a market-town, which has a bailiwick.
Bifchofhofen, on the Salza, is alfo the refidence of a bailiff.
Goldeck, a hof-markt and the feat of a bailiwick.
S. Veit is a market-town.
Daxenbach, or Taxetibacb, is a market-town with a caftle feated on the
Salza, and a bailift^'s court. In the year 1323 ZYch}aiQ[io^ Frederick Wl.
purchafed for 1500 florins the old and new chatellany here, together with
its jurifdidion, which the family of Goldeck held as a fief of the archbiftiop.
Zell in the Pinzgau, feated on a lake which takes its name from it, is
the refidence of a bailiff.
Lichtenberg, is a caftle, which gives name to a diftrid.
Salfelden, a market-town, feated on the river Saal.
Lofer, a market-town, and the feat of a diftridt.
Obf. In this country betwixt the country of the Tyrolefe, Upper-Bavaria,
and the abbey oi Berchtolfgaden, are feveral paffes, as namely that of Strub
on the borders oi Tyrol ; that of Kniepafz on the river Saal; Steinbachpafz
alfo on the Saal and the borders of Bavaria ; Hirfchpuhel fituate on
thofe of Berchtoljgaden and Luftejtßein lying on the Saal.
Titer, a mountain-caftle feated on the confines of Tyrol; gives name
to a bailiwick. Under it likewife Is Hopf-

Salzburg.] GERMANY.
321
by it
Hcpfgarten, a market-town fituate in a diftridl named Witfchemu. Clofe
flands the caftle of Engehberg.
Zell in Ziller-thal, a market-town feated on the river Ziller, and the refidence
of a bailiff. In the neighbourhood of Figen is found gold.
In all parts of this mountainous country Chamois are very common, efpecially
towards the Tyrolefe.
JVind-fch Mafray, a market-town feated in the Tcferegger Tkale, is
the relidence
of a bailiff, and anciently belonged to the Counts oi Matray.
Tefferegg is a village, taking'its name from the Tefferegger "Thak. In the
year 1685 the Lt^tberam of this country fuifered a violent perfecution under
archbifliop MaximiliaJi Gandolph.
Mitterjil, a market-town lying on the Salza, is the feat of a bailiwick.
The caftle of this name ftands on a mountain on the other fide of the
river. In the year 1228 the lands of the ancient Counts oi Mitterfil were
transferred by Duke Lcioh of Bavaria (to whom they fell
to the archbilhopric in exchange for its lands of Alteiiburg.
Kauris is a market-town and the refidence of a bailiff.
Geff'ern, alfo is a market-town.
as a vacant fief)
Gajlein, a market-town feated on the river of the fame name, contains a
bailiwick, and is famous not only for its warm bath but alfo for its lead,
filver, and gold mines, the lafl of which, in the time ofarchbifhop Leonhard^
yielded great quantities of gold. The inhabitants of Goldeck were anciently
poffeffed of the jurifdidlon of this place as a fief from the archbifhopric,
but they ceded it again in the year 1323.
Great-Arl is a caftle and village, and the feat of a diflrid.
5. 'John's im Pougau, a market-town fituate not far from the Salza, contains
a bailiwick.
Radßatt, a town feated on the E?is, which has its fource in the' neighbourhood
of this place, is the refidence of a bailiff.
Not far from hence on the river Em lies the pafs of Handling. On the
other fide of the Ens ftands the "town of Old-Markt.
Wagrain is a market-town feated in the Flachau.
Mauttcnidorf, a market-town with a diflridl annexed to it, belongs to the
priory of the cathedral,
Mojhaim is a caftle, and the feat of a bailiwick.
5. Michael in the Liingati, a market-town, near which lies the fource of
the Miier.
Tambjhveg,
the year 1480.
a market-town fituate on the Mner, was confumed by fire in
Haiifz, a caflle, fituate on the Ens, and the feat of a diflridf, together
with Groming and Wolkenßein, is furrounded by the dutchy oi Stiria.
Obf. The archbifliopric of Salzburg is poffefled in the dutchy of Carinthia
of the diftrid: of Stall on the river Moll; as alfo of the market-towns
V o L. V. T t of

32 2 GERMANY.
[Bavaria.
of Sachfenbur'g 07i the Drau and FeJclfperg; together with the towns of
Freifach and S. Andrce; the market-towns oi Altenhofen, Huttenberg, and
Guttaring, and feveral other fmall places. And in Lower- Aiijlria, of the
town of Trajmaur-, together with the market-town of Arnflorf^ and feveral
other
places.
BAVARIA.
The Electorate of
jUKE Albert caufed a fmall map of the dutchy of Bavaria to be
drawn by Philip Apian, which map was publifhed in the year 1561,
and likewife in i 566 a larger one of twenty-four plates, which was never
made public. The laft of thefe two charts have been reduced to a fmaller
lize by "Janfon and others, but particularly by the younger Vißcher, who
has divided his two flieet map which was contrafted from it into the
bjiilivvicks, and the fame has been done by Homann with fome improvements.
Thefe maps conftitute the feventy-nxth and feventy-fcventh in the^/Zoiof
Germany. In the year 1684 George Philip Fink alfo publifhed a large map
of the circle and dutchy of äz^wm with an index to it. The country
about Munich was exhibited on a fingle map, which was publiflied by Hamanns
heirs in the year 1743, and conflitntes the feventy-ninth in the At/as
of Germany. Erhard Reych put out the firft map of the upper palatinate in
the year 1 540, and after him Viffcher and Ho?nann, not to mention others,
alfo publiflied a map of the fame. The lafl: of thefe conftitutes the feventyeighth
in the Atlas of Germany. Of the diftriös of Neumark belonging to
the upper palatinate Nik. Ritterhufz has delineated a very good map, which
is to be feen in Tom. Ill, of Blaeu% Atlas.
§. 2. This eletflorate comprehending in it all the ecclefiaftical and temporal
ftates of the circle of Bavaria, the limits of the circle are in effedl alfo
its boundaries ; but the other lands belonging to the circle, which lie on
the fide of the eledorate, are divided from it, and in it is only to be feen
the parts terminating weftward on Sivabia, Franconia, and the dutchy of
Neuhurg and Sulzbach ; thofe terminating fouthward on the 'Tyrolefe, the
county of IVerdetiJels, the lordfliip of Hohe?iivaldeck, the archbifliopric of
Salzburg, and the abbey of Berchtolfgaden j thofe terminating to the eaftward
on Upper-Außria, the bifliopric of Pajfau and the kingdom of Bohemia,
and thofe alfo terminating northward on Bohemia and Franconia.
This circuit, however, comprifes in it feveral entire countries of the circle,
5
fo«^

Bavaria.] GERMANY. 323
for which reafon it is no eafy matter to afcertain with any degree of exadtnefs
the proper extent of the electorate, and maps themfelves differ with
refped; to its greatefl: length and breadth. In the repertorium Bavaria its
utmofl: extent from north to fouth is reckoned forty-feven leagues, and
from eaft to weft thirty-three. Bavaria of itfelf is computed to be thirtyfix
leagues in length, and twenty-one broad. The lands of the eledorate
in this circle and that of Snaabia taken together amount to about feven hundred
and twenty-nine geographical
fquare miles.
§. 3. Upper-Bavaria is partly mountainous and woody and partly marfliy,
abounding alfo in large andfmall lakes ; and being likewife pardy level, but
in general fitter for pafturage than tillage. Lower-Bavaria is for the moft
part level and more fruiful.
In general Bavaria abounds in grain, paftures,
fruit, woods and forefts ;
producing alfo great numbers of cattle and plenty
of game and wild-fowl. At Reiche?ihall and T'raunßein are falt-works.
Near Bobenmais, in the diftriä: of Viechtach^ is a mine of copper and filver,
and at Reichenthall one of lead. In certain places in particular in the
diftridl of Weilheim are quarries of very fine marble. At Moching, Abacb^
Adelholzen, JVembditig., R.ofe?jhei?n, and Heilbrunn are medicinal fprings and
baths. The upper palatinate is extremely mountainous, but withal woody,
and has plenty of grafs, being likewife cultivated and producing grain.
This country is able to fupport its inhabitants, particularly by means of the
great number of its iron and lead-mines, its large woods and paftures.
The Danube which iflues out of Sissabia waters the eledorate from weft
to eaft. Below Rain it receives into it the Lech, and near Kclheim the
Altmubl, above Raiisbon alfo the Nab which has its fource both in the
Fichtelberge and the upper palatinate; and below that city the Regen which
rifes in the diftrid of Zzvifel in Lower-Bavaria ; below Deckendorf and
Plading it takes into it the Ifer, which ilfues out o{ Tyrol, near Viljhven the
Vils, and near Innßatt and Pajfau, the /;//;, which alfo rifes in Tyrol, being
joined below Burkhaiifen by the Salza. Out of the Danube, the Inn, and
the Jfer, fome fmall quantities of gold are gathered. The large inland
lakes here are faid to be fixteen in number, and the fmaller ones one hundred
and fixty : Of the former in Upper-Bavaria are the Chcimjee^ the Wo.lchefifee
or Waldenfee, the Tegernfee, the Kochelfee, the Staffelfee, the Wurmfee
or Wirmfee, and the Ammerjee. Thefe rivers, lakes, and ponds abound
in filh, particularly the numerous ponds in the upper palatinate, which
have an uncommon plenty.
§. 4. In all Bavaria are reckoned thirty-five towns, and ninety-five open
and inclofed market-towns. According to the repertorium Bavari^e, in the feveral
bailiwicks are upwards of looo caftles, hof-markte (or eftates inverted
with lower jurifdidion over the vafi"als) and feats, which (hall be mentioned
under each bailiwick. It is alfo faid that in Bavaria are 11704 villages,
hamlets, and deferts, which laft alone are computed at 4000. In the
T t 2 upper

:
24 GERMANY, [Bavaria.
upper palatinate are thirteen boroughs, and twenty-eight market-towns.
The computation of vaßals in the eledtorate which eftimates them at four
millions, and thofe in Bavaria alone at near 3,400,000 exceeds the truth
For by vafliils are to be underflood heads or fathers of families, with their
wives, children, and fervants, or as fome even fay, hearths ; whence confequently
reckoning fix perfons to each hearth the eled:orate of Bavaria
mufl contain in it twenty-four millions of inhabitants, a number not to be
fuppofed. And even were the above calculation only meant of fmgle perfons,
yet it ftill greatly exceeds the truth.
The Landjiandc, or States of Bavaria confift of three clafles ; namely
of the prelates, the knights and nobility, to which alfo belong the Counts
and Lords, and the burghers of the feveral boroughs and market-towns.
The Iandtage, or Provincial-Diets are very rare here; but a committee, or
eledion of the States, aifemble annually at Munich, or as often as the ftate
of affairs requires. In the upper palatinate, ever fince its devolution to the
Eleftor oi Bavaria in the year 1628, all Diets have been difcontinued, or
rather the whole political conftitution is aboliilied.
§. 5. In Bavaria no other religious dodrine and exercife than the Romancatholic
is tolerated : and thus a timely check was put to the difturbances
which began to arife there in the fixteenth century on account of the Reformation
; and thofe not without the countenance ot divers of the States of
the province.
The Lutheran and Calvinijl dodrines had indeed obtained a
fuperiority in the upper palatinate, but that country lalling into the hands
of the Eledor of Bavaria, the Roman-czi\\o\\c dcfirine was reftored by
force ;
great numbers however o^ Lu'hcram ftill remained. The collegiate
foundations, the abbeys, prioriesj and other convents here, together with
the commenderies, archdeaconries, deaneries, or rural chapters, as alfo the
pariflies and chapels in this eledorate are diftributed among the archbiihopric
of Salzburg and the blfhorics of Eichßatty Augsburg, Bamberg,
Freyfing, Paffiiu, and Ratiibon. The pariflies in the eledtorate are about
1500. The vicarages, chapels of eafe, and other chapels near 2000.
And the number of churches in it is faid to amount to 28709. Thefe
churches are fubjedt to feventy-one rural deans. The remarkable convents
are eighty-fix in number, and the collegiate foundations twelve.
§. 6. Solid knowledge and good literature muft be owned to the honour
of this eledorate, to be on a better footing, and to recei'e more countenance
here now than ever. The BenediBines in particular diftinguifli
themfelves by their promotion of both.
Ingolliadt boafts an univerfity.
§. 7. Manufaöures are alfo increafed and improved here ; witnefs ^hofe
of coarfe cloth, woollen-ftuffs and ftockings, filk-ftuffs, velvets, tapellry,
very good clocks, watches, and other neceflaries : Though its chief
exports confift of cattle, grain, wood, fait, and iron.
§. 8. The

GERMAN Bavaria.] T.
§. 8. The ancient Bol^, who were a branch of the Ce/'t^e, and came
out oi Ccltia or Gallin about 589 years before the birth oi ChrilJ, crolhng
325
the Rhine, firfl feated themfelves in Bohemia. But about the time of tine
Emperor Augußus being driven out of the greateft part of the country by
the Marcojnanni they removed into Ncricuin, and their fettlement from
thence came to be called Bojer or Bayerland, in Latin Bojaria, or Bajcaria,
of which in procefs of time was made Bavaria. In the fixth century
on the divihon of the great Empire of the Franks, among the four fons
of Clovis, Bavaria fell under the dominion of the Außraßan Kings, and
was governed by Dukes ; the firft of whom who occurs in ancient writers
with any degree of certainty is Garibald I. who lived under Clotharius
King oi Au/iria, and was without interruption fucceeded by T^afzilo I. Garibald
II. T'heodo I. and Tbeodo 11. The latter of thefe divided the large
province of i^ö-urfr/'ö into four parts, retaining to himfelf Ratishov. the capital,
together with the country eaftward of the fame, and likewife Noricum.
His eldeft fon Theodebcrt obtained Rheetia., the capital of which was
anciently Bozen, in Latin Bauzanwn. On the fecond fon Grimoald he conferred
Souih-Bavaria, or the Siidergau, together with the town of Freyßng
: And on his third Ibn Tbeodebald, North Bavaria, or the Nordgau,
which included the modern upper palatinate, and likewife the city of Nürnberg.
Tbeodo the father and his youngeft {or\ Tbeodebald dying, the
whole province of Bavaria fell to the two furviving brothers ; Theodebert
obtaining North and Middle Bavaria, together with Noricum, and G7-imoald\
fhare comprehending in it South Bavaria and Rhatia. Theodebert
was fucceeded by his fon Hi/^^iT/, who had for his fucceflbr Ottilo,
who was followed by Tafzilo II. the laft Duke 0^ Bavaria ; Charles the Great
King ot the Franks in the year 788, confining this Prince to a convent for
certain afls of difobedience, and reafluming to \\\vc\{t\i Bavaria, appointed
it to be governed by Counts. On the divifion of the monarchy of the
Franks among his grandlons by Lewis I. Bavaria, together with all Germany,
fell to Lewis the German, who refided at Ratisbomie : And on another
divifion made among his fons in the year 876, Karlmann became
King oi Bavaria, in which fovereignty he was firft fucceeded by his brother
Lewis the younger, and afterwards by his youngeft brother Charles the
Fat. But the latter being depofed by the States of the German Empire
in the year 8S7 ; and Armdph natural fon to his brother Karlmann elected
King of Germany, Bavaria alfo efcheated to him, and after him fell to his
fon Lewis the Child. Both at that time and alfo after his death Anmlpb
was Marggrave ot Bavaria, and in the year 920 was alfo created Duke
of the fame by King Henr'i I. But though his fons were difpofielTed of
this dukedom, yet was his fecond fon of the fame name created Pfalzgrave
of Bavaria, and he became the founder of the family of the Lords of Schir^
or Schcurn, who afterwards bore the title of Witteübacb.
The

o 26 GERMANY. [Bavaria.
The Emperor Otto the Great made a donation of the dutchy of Bavaria
to his brother Henry. King Hemy IV". took this dutchy from Otto II, Duke of
Bavaria, who had plotted againfl: his life, and in the year 1071 gave it to
his fon-in-law JVelfho, whofe father Jzo was a powerful Prince, being fovereign
of Mila^i, Genoa, and many other countries in Lombardy, all which
devolved by inheritance to this Duke Welpho and his defcendants. From
him was defcended Duke 7i/i?7zr)' the Haughty, «vho in the years 1126 or
1 1 27 alfo acquired the dutchy of 5^Aw;y, but in 1138 loft both that and
the dutchy o^ Bavaria, on account of his oppofing the elediion of King Conrad
III. His fon Henry the Lion was indeed reftored to the poffeflion of
both thefe dutchies, but the Emperor Frederick I. likewife put him under
the ban in the year 1 180, infomuch that he retained only the countries of
Liinehurg, Brunfwick and Nordheim, which came to him by inheritance
from his mother. On the contrary the Imperial fiefs which he held were
beftowed on others. The dutchy of Bavaria, from which at that time
TjTo/ was feparate (fee vol. iv. p. 229.) fell to Otho the Elder, Pfalzgrave
of Wittehbach, whofe anceftors, fons to Duke Arnulph, had been uniuftly
driven out and excluded for above two hundred years. His fon Duke
Lewis was alfo declared by the Emperor Frederick II. Pfalzgrave of the
Rhine, and this palatinate his fon Otto was aäually poffeiled of (fee
vol. iv.) His fons Leiois the Severe, and Henry, in the year 1253, dividing
their paternal eftates amongft them, the former obtaining the palatinate
o^ the Rhine with Upper-Bavaria, and the latter all the other countries.
The fons of Leuns the Severe, namely Rudolp, and Lewis the lounger, dividino-
their patrimony a fecond time, the former of thefe became the
founder of the prefent eleftoral-houfe of the palatinate, and the latter of
that of Bavaria. The laft-mentioned Lewis, Duke of Upper-Bavaria became
likewife Emperor, and in 1329 entered into a compact with the fons
of his deceafed brother, formally ceding to them the palatinate of the Rhi7ie.,
together with the upper palatinate, as it was at that time firft called. In
the year 1340 Lower-Bavaria devolved to him on the failure of the line
which poffeffed it. In 1392 the three fons of his fon Stephen divided it
amongft themfelves, founding three lines, namely thofe of /«^o^/ö^/, Lajid-
Jha imd Munich ; the firft of which became extinä: in the year 1447, ^nd
the fecond in 1503, but the third ftill exifts. Divers fubfequent divifions
of this country were made, but ever fince the year 1545 not only all kinds of
divifions, but likewife all joint-governments have been difcontinued. In the
year 1623 Duke Maximilian I. obtained for his houfe the eledoral dignity,
and in 1628 alfo the upper palatinate, both which were confirmed to him
at the peace oi Weßphalia. In 1706 his grandfon Maximilian II. was put
under the ban of the Empire, but in 1714 was reftored to the entire poffefion
of his country. In 1742 his fon the Eledor Charles Albert was chofen
Emperor, but met with little fuccefs in his war with Außria. On that
account

Bavaria.] GERMANY,
327
account Maximilian Jofeph^ his fon and fucceflbr in the dutchy and eledloral
dignity, prudently bellows his greateft attention on the improvement of
his country.
§. 9. The office of arch- fteward of the Empire and the eleftoral-dignity
have been long in the poffeffion of the houfe of Bavaria, which being divided
into two branches^ namely thofe of Bavaria and the palatinate (§. 8.)
a convention has been made on account of the eledoral-dignity; and in the
compa6l of partition entered into in the year 1329 by the Emperor Z/tw/i
of Bavaria with his brother's Ions, it was agreed that the title of Eled:or
fbould be common to both houfes, but they vote alternately. The palatine-houfe,
however, in the year 1356, managed matters fo that in the
golden-bull the cledoral-dignity was exclufively affigned to it, and on gaining
this point alfo appropriated to itfelf the office of arch-fteward. The
Eleftor-paLitine Frederick V. being put under the ban, in 1623 the eledoral-dignity
and office of arch-fteward devolved to Bavaria, the former of
which was confirmed to it by the peace of JVeftphalia, but of the latter no
mention was made. Bavaria, however, has continued in pofleffion of
that office, excepting only from the year 1706101714, during which interval
it was exercifed by the Eledor-palatine. Of the agreement made
with the Elcdtor-palatine with refpe

J328 GERMANY. [Bavana.
Eledlor Albert. The knights of this order are ftiled Defenders of the immaculate
conception oj the Blejfed Virgin Mary, and muft produce unqueftionable
proofs of the nobility of their anceftry for eight generations in both
lines. The Eledlor is grand-mafter, and its enfign is a crofs enamelled
blue with a S. George in the middle, on the reverfe of which is the name
of the reftorer of the order in a cypher, furmounted with the eledoral-cap,
and at the four angles thefe letters, I. V. P. F. fignifying_/////w imut paJtna
fiorebit, i. e. the righteous ßall flourijh like a pabn-tree. This crols is worn
pendent to a broad fky-blue ribbon with a black and white border. To
this order are appropriated the prefedturates of Abemberg and Altmanßeiuy
. as alfo Aicha, Schwaben, Waßerburg, Eggenfclden, Aerditig, N'umarkty
Stadt am Hof znd Ber?ißein, Riedt and HirJ'chau, whence accordingly they
are always held by knights.
§. 13. In the eledoral-coUege the Eleftor of Bavaria poffeffes only the
fifth feat, but notwithftanding that is the fecond of the lay Eledors ; he is
but has
by virtue of Bavaria not only a member of the college of Princes,
even the firfl: feat and vote in it; the Landgravate of Leuchtenberg alfo furniflies
him with a feat and vote betwixt Savoy and Anhalt ; though with
refpect of the Imperial counties and lordlhips of which he is proprietor, it
is by virtue of Wcigenftein only that he takes place in the college of the
Imperial Counts oi Swabia. The Eleftor of ßrtXJijr/^ is joint fummoning
Prince and diredlor of the circle of Swabia, and in the Diet enjovs fix
votes. Ever fince the year 1521, at which time he was only a fimple Duke,
his ailefTment in the matricida of the Empire has amounted to that of an
Eledor, namely to fixty horfe and two hundred and feventy-feven foot, or
1828 florins; and on this footing it has continued from that time, though
föme few are of opinion that for the upper palatinate and the county of
Chafn, he ought to pay one half of the Eledtor-palatine's afTeflment. His
contributions for his other dominions (hall be fpecified in their places. His
taxation in the circular jnatricula is the fame with that in the matricula of
the Empire. To the chamber at Wetzlar he is rated for the dutchy of
Bavaria at eight hundred and eleven rix-dollars, fifty-eight kruitzers and
a half; but for the upper palatinate he perfifls in refufing any payment,
notwithftanding the Imperial chamber has formally demanded of him a
fum equal to one half of what the Eledtor-palatine is aftefTed at.
§. 14. The principal colleges of the Eleäor are, the Minifterium, or
privy-council ; the JDicafterium, or high court of appeals ; the college of
ducal counfellors, the ecclefiallical council, the council of war, the treafury,
the council of trades, mintage and mines. The whole dutchy of
Bavaria is under the direflion of four prefedturate courts ; two of which
for Lower Bavaria are at Landlhut and Straubing ; and the two belonging
to Upper Bavaria at Munich and Berghaufcn. The feat of the government
of

ü. Bavaria.] GERMANY.
329
of the upper palatinate lies at Amberg. The prefidents of thefe prefeflurate-courts
are all noblemen.
§. 15. The revenues of the Eledtor arife out of fait, beer, wine and
brandy, oak-maft, venifon, wood, mines, coinage, tolls, excife, contributions,
and other ordinary lources, exclufive of impofts on extraordinary occafions.
His ordinary revenues per annum are eflimated at betwixt five and
fix millions of guldens.
§. 16. The military force of the Eledor confifts of regulars and militia-;
the former of thefe in times of peace amounts ufually to about 12,000
men, but in war have been augmented to 25, and even to 30,000. In
the year 1753 colonel Beccof ioxn-\tA a fcheme for enabling the Eleöor to
maintain 12,000 regulars and ] 0,000 militia for 860,000 Imperial guilders
fe7- annion ; whereas on the former footing fuch a body required at leali
the fum of three millions.
§. 17. To the eledlorate belongs
I. The dutchy of Bavaria conlifting,
I. Oi U P P E R BAVARIA.
Which is under the direflion of two rent-amters, or governments.
I. To the rent-amt of Munich belongs
Munich, in Latin Monachium, a fortified city feated on the IJer, and the
capital and refidence of the Eledlor. The flraight and broad Itreets of this
place, and the great number of fine buildings in it both ecclefiaftical and
fecular, render it one of the handfomeft cities in all Gertiiany, and even in
Europe; and it is faid to contain 40,000 inhabitants. The palace here, which
was firft eredted by the Eleftor Maximilian I. is an elegant ftruöure, containing
four courts, 1.72;. the Prinzenhof, which is decorated with feveral
brafs ftatues ; the KaiJerhoJ, the Kuchelhof, which is the largeft, and the
uilte Burg, or old citadel. The things mofl worthy of notice in this palace
are, the large and beautiful Kaijerfaal, a chapel of the Virgin Mary,
with a rich treafury in it; the Antiquarium, or chamber of antiquities,
in which are two hundred marble ftatues and bufts of Rojnan Emperors,
and fome hundreds of other antiques, the greateft part of which were
brought from Italy; the chamber of rich curiofities; the Mufaiim-, and
the Eledor's library. In the year 1729 the palace, and particularly the
chamber of rich curiofities here fuffered greatly by a fire, and in 1750 a
whole wing of it was burnt down. Towards the eaft ftands the Eleitor's
arfenal, and northward lie the park and pleafure-gardens, and near thefe
is the Thurnierhaus, or large edifice for tournaments. On the weft-fide of
the palace and oppofite to it, ftands the fine houfe belonging to Count
Preyjing. In this part is alfo another palace built by Duke William. In the
VoL.V. U u largeft

3$o GERMANY. [U. Bavaria.
Inrgefl: market-place ftands a high marble pillar with a brafs ftatue of the
Viro;in Mary upon it, and two large fountains, and on the fides is the
town-houle, in which the States hold their meetings, together with feveral
lofty houfes ornamented with decorations of paintings on the front. The
principal ecclefiaffical buildings here are the collegiate-church, which is
dedicated to the Virgin Man, that of St. Peter, with the convents of the
Aiigujiincs-, Capuchins, Carmelites, Fra72cilcans and Thentiyes. as alfo the Jefuits
college, in which is a valuable library, together with the nunneries of
iS. Clara, Bridget and Ridler, the refidence of the Englijh fociety, the hofpitals
of St. Elizabeth, or the Duke's, and S. Jofeph, as alfo that of the
Holy-Gbofi:
On the other fide of the Ifer lies the Au, the remarkable places in which
are, the houfe oi Duke Albert, with its chapel, and the Eledor's manu~
fidory. Above the Au flands a convent belonging to the order of St. Paul.
In Munich are m.anufadures of velvet, filk, wool and tapeftry. It is probable
that the ancient city of Campodmiufn, or Campidoman, ifood in this
ncigiibourhood. About the year 1175, Duke Henry the Lion built the
city oi Munich on a fpot belonging to the convent of Rchoftlar. In 1327
It was greatly damaged by fire, and in 1448 almofl: entirely deftroyed. In
1632 It was taken by the Swedes, and in 1704, 1742 and 1743 by the
Aiijirians, who in the lart-mentioned year eliablifhed a commiflion of regency
at this place.
2. The Pfleggericht or and o{ Dachau contains in it
Dachau, a market-town feated on an eminence on the river Atnmer, on
a high hill near which ftands an eledloral caftle. This place had anciently
Counts of its own who took their title from it, and were defcended from
the Counts of Scheiirn, but became extinä: in the year 1 175
: The lordfliip
of Dachau, however, was before that purchafed by Duke Otho I. A canal
leads from this place towards Schleißmm.
Brück, or Pruck, alfo called Upper-bruck, a market-town feated on the
fiver Ammer near Furftenfeld.
Nympfenberg, a pleafure-houfe belonging to the Elector, and ftanding
»bout one half hour from Mwiich, has fine gardens and water-works in it,
together with a canal which leads to Munich.
Schleißmm, a ftately feat of the Eledlor's, about one German mile and a
quarter from Mmiich, is more efpecially remarkable for a colledlion of piclures
in it by the mofi: celebrated mafters, namely hy Rubens, Albert Durer
and others. Out of the garden belonging to it we come into a large mall
planted on each fide with limes, at the end of which (lands the delicious
village of Lujtheitn, where begins a canal, which on one fide leads to Da-^
chau, and on the other falls into the IJer. At this place alfo is a ftud of
the
Eledlor's.
Furjtenfeldt a large convent of Cijtercian Monks, fituated on the river

U. Bavaria.] GERMANY,
ImierfforJ, a priory of regular Canons of the order of St. Auguftine, feated
on the river Glon.
Daxa, or Taxa, a convent of Auguftines.
Thirty-eight caftles, noble feats and hofmarkte, or manors with lower
jurifdidion, namely Deutenhofen, Haimhaufen, Schonbruwi, Lauterbach,
Mammendorf, Maißch, Menzitig, 'Nenhanfen, Simerjlaufen, Spiiberg and
Siilzemos.
3. T\\t pßcggericht of Cranifperg, ov Crantzbcrg, derives its name from
an old caftle in it, and contains
Neiiftift, a fine abbey of Framonftratenßan Monks.
Weichen-Stefen, or Stephan^ an abbey of Benediäines, feated on the river
Mofach.
Twenty-eight caftles, noble feats and hofmarkte, as namely Cammerberg,
Eifenhofn, Haidlfiiig, Herezell, Hobencammer, MarzUiig, Maßaihaiifen^
Ottenberg, Pißitz, Talhaujen and Tetze?idorf.
Zl^
4. The pßeggericht of Pfaffetihofen, in which is
PfaffeJihofen,
a fmall town feated on the river Iltn.
Hohe?iiüart, in Latin Alta Specula, and Siimmontorium^ a walled markettown
with an abbey of BenediSline Nuns, feated on the river Paar.
Geifenfeld, a market-town feated on the river Ihn, with an abbey of Be-
7iedi£iine Nuns in it, which formerly enjoyed an hereditary prefed:.
Scheurn, a convent of BenediSiine Monks, ftanding on the fite of the
family feat of the ancient Counts of Scheurn.
Twenty caftles, noble feats and hofinarkte, as namely Bo7-nbach and ///-
munfter, in the latter of which formerly ftood a collegiate-church, which
in the year 1495 ^^^ removed to Munich, Ku7iigsfeld, Pucherfrtcdt, Reicherzhaufen,
Ritterfwert, Rohrbach, Rotteneck and Schenkenau.
5. The pßeggericht of Mainburg, in which is
Mainburg, a market-town feated on the v'wqx Ambs ; together with
Five caftles, noble feats and hofmarkte, or manors, enjoying lower jurifdidlion,
as namely Meilnhqfn, Ratzenhofn, 5cc.
6. The pßeggericht of Neuftadt, containing
Neuftadt, a fmall town feated on the Danube.
Irnfing,
a hofmarkt.
7. The pßeggericht of AbenfpergznA Altma}iftein, belongs to the Knights
of St. George, and contains in it
Aberfperg, anciently Abufina, alfo called Aventinum, a fmall town and
caftle feated on the river Vmbs, and containing 'i.convevw.ofCarjnelites. This
place belonged formerly to the Counts and Barons of Abenjpcrg, who took
their name from it. On the death of Nicolas, the laft of this family, in the
year 1485, his lands as Imperial fiefs efcheated to the Empire, but in 1403
this town was purchafed by Bavaria of the Emperor Maximilian. In it was
born that excellent hiftorian Johannes Aventinus.
U u 2 Altmanftein.

33^
GERMANY, [U. Bamia.'
Ahmanßein, a market-town,
belonging to the family of Jlbenfperg.
Efzi'7g, a market-town, fituate on the Aitinuhl, with a collegiate-church
In it. On a fteep hill near this town ftands the caflle of Randeck.
Ror, a market-town, containing a priory of canons of the order of St. yfagiijh'?!e.
Paring, a convent of BencdiBine Monks, once alfo a canonry of regular
Angufiines.
The callle of GrofzbatifeTi, together with the noble feat of Hcignhihl, and
fjßendorf.
8. The pßiggenck of Riedcnhirg, containing in it
Riedenburg, a market-town, fituated on the Altmiihl, with a caflle near
i-t on an eminence. At this place formerly refided Counts, who took their
but thefe became extind: in the time of King Rudolph.
name from it,
Ahmuhlmiinßer, in Lafji Monafteriitm Alcmanne, a commandery of the
order of St. 'John, to which order it fell in the year 13 1 1, having formerly
belonged to the Knights Templars,
Schamhaupteriy a collegiate-church, which was alfo a priory of regular
canons of the order of St. Augufiine.
Twelve caftles, noble feats and ^c/V/^r,^/^; as, namely, Aichling, Haxonacker,
Prun, Tachenßein and Wildenßetn.
9. The Pfleggericht of Kofching, containing in it
Kojching, a market-town, which is faid to have been a Roma?i (lation called
Cafarea.
The caftles, noble feü.is znd hojmarkfe of HelmaJinsberg, Kaßt, Prun and
Schlecheßein.
10. The Pfleggericht of Vohburgy containing
Vohburg^ a market-town and caftle, feated on the Danube, and which
had formerly its own Counts, who became extindl in the year 1204.
a market-town.
Gaimtrfl.^eim,
Pforing, a walled market- town, feated on the Dajiube, and being a very
©Id place, which is anciently faid to have been called Epona.
Sigenburg., a market-town, feated on the little rivulet of Ambs.
Bibitrg and Munckjmunßer ^ refidences of Jefuits, but formerly BcnediSlitie
convents.
Sixteen caftles, noble feats and Hofmarkte-, as, namely, Wackerflein on the
Dainibe ; Lenting, Oettling, Talbaii and TIrain.
11. Ingolßadt^ znc\eut\y Aureatim, is a fortified town, lying on the J)^nube,
and having large, broad, and well-paved ftreets in it, being alfo the
feat of a governor. This town contains in it an upper and lower parifhchurch,
exclufive of three others, together with a college and gymnafium
of ]tf\x\K.%, two convents of Monks and one of Nuns, as alfo an univerfity
founded in 1472 and enlarged in 1746, in which is a cabinet of antiquities
aod a, good library.
a
In the year 1632 this town was befieged by the Swedes
without

y
U. Bavaria.] GERMANY,
333
without fuccefs ; but, 1111743, was taken by the ^/^r/ö;zj, lngcldßadt\\i.^
the privilege of a ftaple.
To this town belong the pß^'g^, or bailiwicks, of Gcrlßng, OcttiJig and
Sfainhaim.
11. Tht pßeggericht oi Schyobeithatifen, to which belongs
Schrobenhaujen^ a fmall town, feated on the river Paar, and containing
three churches. Near it alfo lies a convent of Francißan Monks.
Fifteen caftles, noble feats and hoßmarkte : viz. Loiver-Arnbach, Sandizell,
Gerlbach, Ha-zhaußen, Lajigciwioßen, Ocdlzhaußen, Sotlberg and
Steingriff.
13. The fßeggericht of Rain, containing in it
Rain, a fmall fortified town, lituated not far from the Lecb, on the little
and which, in the thirty years war, was taken by the Swedes,
river of Acta,
and, in 1704, by the combined forces of the ///?/m

334 GERMANY. [U. Bavaria.
States, that at the Diet of the Empire it fhould be reftored to its former privileges,
and enjoy the fame immunities in ecclefianical and civil affairs,
which, by virtue of this peace, the other free Imperial States were to be
poffeffed of, and that notwithftanding any claims whatfoever upon the town.
But this indulgence was never carried into execution, and Donmitvertb aüually
continues ftill under the "dominion of J^^ii^Wß. From the years 1705 to
1714, it was reftored to its former immediate dependence on the Empire,
but by the peace of Baade?i again fell to the Eledlor of Bavaria. To this
town belong feveral lands. In the year 1530, the Imperial j^^^ oi Worth
was removed by the Emperor CharlesV. to this place, but, in 1536, the
latter transferred it to the houfe of Fiigger for the fum of 6600 florins,
which the Emperor Charles VII. as Eledor, obtained by agreement for his
houfe. This pfege principally contains in it four villages, among which
is the viUage'of Laiitcrbach, which, together with its courts, privileges and
emoluments, became, as above, the property of the commandery of the
Ttutanick order in this town, but the criminal jurifdidion belongs to the
Imperial Pflege. In it alfo is a free Burfch.
Schellenbergy not far from hence, is famous for the defeat of the Bavarians
there in the year 1704, by the united forces of the Englißo and
Imperialißs, though ftrongly entrenched.
15. Tht Pfleggericht oi IVembdingctj, which lies betwixt the principality
of Neuburg and the county of Oettingen, anciently belonged to the Counts
of Hirfchberg, on the failure of whom it came as a fief of the bifhopric of
Ratisbon to the houfe of Wembdingen, who fold it to the Counts of Oettingen
; and thefe again, in the year 1467, made it over lo Bavaria. In the
year 1504, Bavaria difpofedof it again to Oettingen; but this purchafe was
never completed on account of the oppoiition of the burghers, and the
money paid lor it, which amounted to 20,000 florins, is faid to have been
returned in 1516. To it belongs
Wembdingen, a fmall town, in which is a caflle and a medicinal bath ;
Funfßetten, Lozheim, Nitsbiihl, Ammerbach and other places.
\b. The phleggerickt oi Aicha, which belongs to the Knights of St. George,
contains in it
Aicha, a fmall town, feated on the river Faar, with an old caftle, two
churches and a houfe belonging to the order of St. J'c^;?. In the year 1633,
this place was taken by the Sioedes, and, in 1634, laid in aflies by them.
Not far from hence flood the caflle of Upper-Wittelsbach, which is the
family feat of the Counts of Wittelsbach ; but Otho of Wittelsbach having
murdered Philip, King of the Romans, in the year 1208 it was demolifhed,
and the (tones of it are faid to have been ufed for the building of this little
town. Below it ftands alfo the caftle of Vnder-Wittelbach.
Blumenthal, a commandery of the order of St. John, not far from Aicha,
a market- town.
Ainlingi
Altomnnfter,
'

U. Bavaria.] GERMANY,
Altoniufifter, a market-town, with an abbey of Nuns in it of the order of
St. Bridget, or S. Saiinox.
Irjchenhofen, alfo a market-town,
Kiipach, a market-town, with an abbey of ßc77(?r//(5?/w Nuns.
Twenty-three caftles, noble feats and hofmai-kfc; as, namely, Alfrn'^^
Grofzhatifen, Danncrn, Pichel, GriesLrckerzell, Hajzlangknut, Kilkcrjkaufat^
Upper-Griisbacb, Rapperzell, Schnlchtcn, Winden and Sckcrneck.
J 7. The pßeggericbt of FrieSerg, containing
2ZS
Friedberg, a town, in the neighbourhood of which rifes the river ^/V/j^.
This place ftands on a hill and has an old caille in it together with two
churches. Friedberg is noted for clocks and watches. In the years
and 1646, it was laid in aflies.
1632
Seven caftles, noble feats and hofmarkte ; as, namely, Sfetzlingen and
Taßng.
18. The. Pfleggericht oi Moringen, in which \s Meringerzell, a hofmarkte,
19. The pfleggericht of Landsberg, containing
Landsberg, a town, feated on the Lech, with an old mountain cafHe in it,
and having formerly Counts of its own. This place contains two churches,
together with a college of Jefuits and z gymnaßum. In the years 1632, 1633
and 1646, it fuffered greatly.
Diejfen, a market-town, fituated on the Ammerfee, with a priory in it of
regular canons of the order of St. Augußine. This place was formerly granted
to the Counts of Dicfen, whofe caftle flood oppofite to the convent.
Raitenbucb, alfo called Rottenbuch, a handfome priory of regular canons
of the order of St. Augiißijie, founded, in the year 1 185, by Giielph IV. the
firft Bavarian Duke of that name. This priory lies on the river Ammer.
Steingaden, an abbey of Prcemonßratenfan Monks.
Weßenbriinn, a handfome abbey of BenediBines.
Twenty- feven caftles, noble feats and hofmarkte \ as, namelv, Adeißxfcn,
Aereßngen, Baberen, Durkenjeld, Emmingen, Gainezhofen, Haltenberg, " Iglijigen,
Kaltenberg, Lichteitberg, Hurlach, Windach, Peße7iacker, Schmihen,
Stainebach and Winkl.
20. The Pfleggericht of Schongau ; in which is
Sche?igau, a fmall town, feated on the Lech, (landing high, and containing
in it alfo a caftle, which anciently belonged to the Dukes of Sioalna
of the Hohenßaufen family, but which, in the year 1266, is faid to have
been transferred by fale to Lewis, Duke of Bavaria.
a convent.
Peifenberg,
21. The Pfleggericht, or lordfliip, of Hohen Schivangau lies on the Lech
on the fronties of T)'?'^/, and anciently belonged to the houfe of the Guelphs,.
from whom it came, in the year 1 1
9 1
, to the Dukes of Swabia of the Hohenßaufen
family, who, in 1266, transferred it as a gift to the Dukes of
Bavaria ; but his fovereignty the proprietors have gradually fhaken off, la.
the

GERMANY.
^5 J 6 [U.Bavaria.
the fifteenth century the Lords of Bcnimgarten were in pofTeffion of this
place till they mortgaged it to the Barons of Freundsberg , but the Dulces of
ß^rjav/^M-edeemed it and at laft acquired the abfolute property thereof. The
circle of Swabia took fome fteps for the comprehending of this lordfliip
within its taxation ; but thefe meafures were oppofed by the lords o^ Bautngarten,
and much more fo by the Eledlors of Bavaria. The caftle of
Hohen-Scbwangau ftands on a hill adjoining to the Atbfee, or lake of Alb.
22. The pßcggericht of Weilheim contains in it fome large but a greater
number of fmall lakes ; as, namely, the Ammerfee, the Walchenjee, the
Kcckc'Jee, and the Staffelfee. It borders alfo on the Wtirmfee. To this
pßeggericht belongs
Weilbeifjt, a town, feated on the river Ammer, with a fmall caftle in it
and a convent o^ Francifcans. The Counts oi Weilheim became extindt in
the year 133 1.
Etal, a Benedictiiie convent, with an academy in it for military exercifes.
To the convent belongs
Murnau, a market-town, and Staffelfee, which was once the feat of jufticc
and poffefTed of criminal jurifdidtion.
Ammergaugericht y in which, not far from the convent of Ftal, rifes the
river Ammer. This diftridt comprehends in it the Upper and Under-Ammergau,
Polling, a canonicate of regular Augußiftes, fituated not far from Weilheitn.
with fome other places.
Habach,
a collegiate-foundation.
Schlechdorf, a canon ry of regular Augtißines, fituated on the Kcchelfee.
BenediB-Beyrn, formerly Burin, or Buren, a convent of BenediBi?ie
Monks founded in 733
by a perfon named Landfrid, whom St. Bonijace
had exhorted to this pious work. In the year 1275, tht'Em^evor Rodolphusl.
granted a fceptre to the abbot ; but they forfeited this princely dignity by
putting themfelves under the protedion of the Dukes of Bavaria, and the
convent has never been able to recover its
independency.
Berwied, a canonry of regular Augußines, fituated on the Wurmfee.
Andechs, commonly called der heilige berg, or the Holy hill, a convent of
BenediSline Monks lying not far from the Ammerjee. This convent keeps up
the memory of the ancient Counts of Andech, whofe original feat was at
this place.
Eighteen caftles, hofmarkte and noblemen's feats, among which are Iffdorp,
Seefeld, Stegen, Delling, Pahl, Tutxing on the Wurnijee, Worthy on
an jlland, lying in the Wurmfee, and Walcbjlatt.
2X. The pßeggericht of Starenberg. In it is
'Starenberg, a feat of the Eledor's, fituated on the Wurmfee, on which
tlie Court fometimes take the diverfion of failing and likewife of hunting in
the water,
a ftag being forced for that purpofe into the lake.
Twelve

U.Bavaria.] GERMANY.
1:1^'^
Twelve caftles, noblemen's feats and hofmarkte ; as, namely, Geifmgt
Kunigfivijhi, Leutjletten, Fafing, Planeck, &;c.
24. T\\Q pßeggericht oi JFolferzhaufeny in which is
Wolferzhaufe?i, or IVolJratßihaufen, a market- town, with a caftlc belonging
to it, feated on an eminence. This place ftands on the Loyfa, which, in
thefe parts, joins the Ifcr. Woljerzhaiijen had anciently Counts of its own
to whom it gave title.
Holzkirchen, a market-town.
Beyrberg and Dietramfzell, canonries oi regular y4ugu/?ines.
Reitberg,
Schoftlar?2,
a Francifcan nunnery.
a Prcemondratenfian convent.
Tegernfee, a BenediSline convent, fituated on a lake o^ the fame name,
and iormerly polTeffed of four hereditary jurifdidions. In its neighbourhood
is found Petroleum.
Twenty-one caftles, noblemen's feats and hofmarkte ; as, namely, the
Perg, a caftle belonging to the Electors ; Amannlhaufen and AmmerLvid, all
three of which He on the Wurmfee j JLiiraiburg, Grietiewald, Hornßcin, Pcrg
am Laimb, Ret ehersbeurn, &;c.
25. The pßeggericht of 'Tolz, containing
Tolz, a market-town, fituated on the Jfer, and having a Francrfia ?2 convent
and a caflle.
Four caftles, noblemen's feats and /'ö/z/Vör^/t'; as, namely, Hechenberg znd
Hohenburg, at the latter of which is a mount calvary.
26. The pjleggericht of Auxburg, in which is
Auxburg, a fortified caftle, flanding high on the river Ihn.
Urjarn,
a hofmarkt.
27. T\ie Pfleggericht of Aibling-, in which is
Aibling, a market-town, fituated on the river Maiiguald.
Beyharting-,
a canonry of regular Augiifiines.
S. Petersberg, a priory, Handing on a very high mountain, and generally
conferred on fome favorite, whofe place is fupplied by a prieft.
Weiern,
Schliers,
a canonry of regular Augujiines.
a prefedurate,
Falley, a feat with a county in it, and ftanding high on the river
Manguald.
Fülkenßein, a feat, with a lordTnip belonging to it, ßtuated on the
river
Ihn.
Seventeen caftles, noble feats and hojmarkte ; as, namely, Brandenburg,
Mofeck, Dieperf/iirch, Hechenrain, Pullach, &c.
28. The Pfleggericht of Sch-iüaben belongs to the knights of St. George, and
contains in it
Sclrivaben, a market-town and caftle, fituated on the river Sempia.
Graßng^ an ancient market-town.
VoL.V. X X Eberjperg,

. of
338 GERMANY. [U.Bavaria,
Eberfperg^ a refidence of Jefuits, which was once a convent of Benedictines
and the original feat of the Counts of Sempt.
Twenty callies, noble feats and ^o/CTtZr/i/fj as, lumcW, FaIkenI>iTg, Zinmnherg^
Wihienholz, Wolffafxing, &c.
29. The fß^ggcricht of Wajferburg belongs to the Knights of St. Gccrge,
and contains in it
M^'^affaburg, a to'vn, having a caftle, feated on the rivern Ikn. This
town is environed with high mountains, and carries on a conliderable trade
in fait. In it are four churches. Anciently this place belonged to the
Counts of Wajf-rhurg and Kllugenbcrg. Near the bridge, on the other fide
the river Inn^ Ifands a Capuchin convent.
A'tl, an abbey of BenediBine Monks, feated on the Ihn, and founded by
Arnulph, Connloi Diejfen, about the year 1080.
Ro!t, an abbey of B-'ncJicfine Monks, alfo fituated on a high hill not
far from tiie Ihn. Anciently this place had hereditary-offices of its own,
and the Imperial fifcal alfo declared it immediately dependent on the Empire,
and was for fadling it with a matricular taxation ; but £^i'^r/^ proved
that it had for ages been in all refpeds under his fovereignty, as well as other
country-convents in thefe parts.
The caflles of Hohenburg, Karpach and 'Lellerreidt.
30. The Pfleggericht of Rofe?ibeim, in which is
Rofenheim, a market-town, with a Capuchin convent in it and a caflle.
place lies on the river Ihn.
This
3 I . The
JSleiipeurn, a market-town, having a cafHe.
Nine caftles, noble feats and hofmarkte ; among which is Altpeurn, Rain^
Solhub, &c.
pfleggcricht of Marqiiartßein^ one nde of which lies on the Chiemfee.
On the Berg in it are iron-mines, founderies and mills. This pjleggericht
contains
Marquartflein, a fmall town, feated near the river Aha, with an old
caftle ftanding on a high mountain.
Niedernjels,
a noble feat.
32. The Pfleggericht of Traunßetn, one fide of which alfo ftands on the
Cbiemfee, containing in it fome fmall lakes ; as, namely, the Weitfee and
the Forchenfee.
In it is
l'raunßein, a town and caftle feated on the river Traiin, and containing
a parifh-church with a Capuchin convent and fome falt-fprings. The faltwater
ufed here is conveyed thither from Reichenhall. This trade is of great
benefit to the place.
Ten caftles, noble feats and hofmarkte ; a^, namely, Grabenftatt, Perchten/lein,
Merbang, Rupolting-, &c.
33. Tht pflcggericht oi Reichenhalli containing
i
Reichenhall^

U. Bavaria.] GERMANY. 339
Reichenkali., a town feated on the Sala, with a rich lalt ipring in it, the
water of which is partly boiled here and partly by means of a large wheel
thirty-fix feet in diameter thrown up to the higher parts of a lofty houfe,
and from thence conveyed by means of leaden pipes for the diftance of
three German miles over lofty mountains towards T'raunßcin and there
boiled, the latter of thefe two places abounding more in wood, and havin«»
alfo greater conveniences for exportation. On the mountains over which
thefe pipes run are little houfes and water-works at proper diftances in order
to throw the water higher. For the conveyance too of a ftrong frefh fpring
ufed in turning the wheels and other engines, and likewife for carrying o^'
any fuperfluous falt-water, a moft aftonilhing and durable aqueducft of
fquared flints one full half hour in length, and five feet broad, with an
arched roof, was at a vafi: expence made fome centuries ago, and in many
places overlaid with the hardefl; rolin, which after running to a depth of
twelve fathom under the town, and from thence under the gardens and fields,
at lafl: emits the water in a ftrong torrent. This aquedudl is in general
between three and four feet in depth, and runs fo fwifdy that in a bo't
with torches one may fail from one end to the other in about a quarter of
an hour. In order to proceed on this fubterraneous voyage we defcend
to a confiderable depth down certain fteps made in a tower, till we come to
the falt-fpring whofe fuperfluous waters run about fifty paces farther till they
empty themfelves into this little ftream of frelh -water. In the aquedudl
are five apertures in the form of towers, and through fome of thefe a perfon
may fpeak from the ramparts of the town with thofe who fail upon the
canal.
S. Zeno, a priory of regular canons of the order of St. Augußine.
The caflles of Karlßein and Marzols.
Obf. In this rent-amt ol Munich are reckoned the Bavarian lordihips
o{ Wiejenßeig i.Vi'^ Mindelheim, fee p. 271, which belong to the circle of
^luabia.
II. To the rent-amt of Burkhatifen belongs
1. Burkhaufen, a well built town fituated on the Salza, with a flrong
old mountain-caflle in it. This place is the feat of the rent-amt or regency,
and contains in it a Jefuit's college with four churches. The ancient
noble family to which this town gave name became cxtincfl in the
year 1 157 or 1 164.
2. The pßeggericht of Neto-Oetting, containing in it
Neio-Oetting, anciently called Pons Oeni, a town, fituated on a hill not
far from the river Ihn, and which was firft founded by the Trümmern family
of
Old-Oetting.
Old-Octting, a very ancient collegiate foundation, in which feveral Emperors,
Kings, and Bavarian Princes lie interred. At this place is a cele».
X X 2 brated

40 GERMANY, [U. Bavaria.
brated image of the Virgin Mary, The town which formerly ftood near
this foundation was deflroyed in 910 by the Hum.
Miirhhl, a market- town feated on the Ihn.
Tuj^Jhing, a market-town having a caftle, and lying not far from the Ihn.
Raiten-Hiifzlnch, an abbey of Ctfterclan Monks fituated on the river Salza.
Eleven cafcles, noble feats and hoftnarktc, namely Fraupuchl, Klebitig,
JVaLberg, &c. and
The lordfliip of IFaU, on the river Alza, which has its own pfleger or
b;iilifF.
'
3. T\\z pfeggericbt 01 Mormofen, containing
Mormojen, ov Mermofen, a caflle ; as alfo
The caftles of Fwt, Klugheim, and Sechaiifz.
4. Tho. pßeggcricht oi O-aiburg, in v.-hich is
Craibnrg, a market-town with a caftle belonging to it, feated on the Ihn.
Five Caftles, noble feats and hofmarkte, as nam^ely fettenbach or Tetenbach-,
T'aufkirch, Sec.
5. The pßfggericht of Cling, containing
Cling, a caftle feated on an eminence.
Herrniverth or Herrn Chiemfee,
anciently fituated on the Au, or Pfaffen-
•werth, a priory of regular canons of the order of St. Augußine, ftanding on
an ifland in the CJjiemfee. In the year 121^ Eberhard II. archbifhop of
Salzburg founded a biftiopric at this place without prejudice to the priory,
none of its lands being given to it. Its prelate is nominated, confirmed,
and confecrated by the archbifliop of Salzburg, who alfo adminifters the
oath of fidelity to him. In 1218 the Emperor alfo granted him the honcur
and freedom of the Empire.
Frauenivcrth, or Frauen Chiemjee., an abbey of Benedidiine Nuns, feated
alfo on an ifland in the Chiemfee.
Seon, an abbey of BenediSfine Monks, ftanding in a fmall lake.
Old-Hohenau, a convent of Dcwinican Nuns.
The priories of Mittergars and VoSiareit.
Twelve caftles, noble feats and hofmarkte, namely Penzing, Amerang^
Sehonflett, and Forteneck
6. The lordfliip of Hohen-Afchau, together with Wildcfiivart, belongs to
the Counts of Preyßig. Below the caftle of Hohen-Afchau is an iron-mine
and flatting-mill.
7. The Pfleggericht of Trosburg contains in it
Trosburg, a market-town, feated on the river Alza with a caftle ftanding
on a hill.
Altenmarkt, a market-town, alfo feated on the river Alza.
Pamburg, a priory of regular Augußine Monks.
Four caftles, feats and hofnarktey as namely Herzheim^ Seebruk on the
Chiemfee,
^
&c.
8. The

ü. Bavaria.] GERMANY.
341
8. The Pfleggericht of Wildßmt, in which is
inidßmty a caftle feated on the Sa/za.
Oßhnoang, a caftle and Franking, a feat.
9. The pfleggericbt of Braunau, in which is
BraiinaUy a town with a fortrefs feated on the Ihn, and which formerly
belonged to the Ritters of Braunau. This place was anciently the refidence
of the Pfalzgrave of Bavaria, In the years 1705 and 1742 the Außriatis
made themfelves mafters of it.
Eleven caflles, noble feats and bofmarkte, as namely Iben, Ering, Neukirchcn,
Fraußein, Stubenberg, &c.
10. T\\z Pfleggericht oi Uttendorf, containing
TJttendorf, a market-town with a caftle belonging to it, feated on the.
river Mattig.
11. Tht pßeggericht of yulbach, in which is 'Julbach, a caftle.
The caftles of Ritzing and Seiberftorf, and the feat of 'Tcindorf.
12. Tht Pfleggericht of Maiirkirchen, containing
Maiirkirchen, a market-town.
Altheim, alfo a market-town.
Ranßofen, a priory of regular canons of the order of St. Augufline, and

.•> 42 GERMANY. [L. Bavaria.
Twenty-four caftles, noble feats, and hofmarkte, as namely Alte?ifclru!ent,
Heckenbuch, Krcmpelßein, Murau, Orth, Rab, Riedau, Sigharti/ig, Zell, &;c.
- II. In LOTVER-BAVARIA,
Which is alfo divided into two rent-amts or governments.
! . To the rent-amt of Landßnit belongs
Landßut, an open town, fituated on the Ifer, and the capital of the
rcnt-amt. This town is well built, and contains in it an eledloral palace
feÄted on a hill, together with another which ftands in the middle of the
town, and is called the Neuebau or neio -building, as alfo a college with a
church in it, the fteeple of which is reckoned the higheft in Germany ;
a parifli church dedicated to St. Job, a college of Jefuits, three convents of
Monks, and the like number containing Nuns. Landjhut was built either
by Duke Leivii of Bavaria, or his father Duke Otto of Mittehhach. In
1634 it fuffered from the Sivedes.
Oa the further fide of the Jfer {lands Seligenthal, an abbey of Cißercain
Nuns.
2. The Pfleggericht of Aerding, containing in it
Aerding, or Erding, a fmall town on the little river Sempt, in a country
which produces the beü: grain in all Lciver-Bavaria. In the year 1632
ihe greateft part of this town was fet on fire by the Swedes^ and in 1648
entirely laid in adies by them.
Wartenberg, a market-town containing a caftle, feated on the river Strong,
Old and Neiv-Fraiwhofon, lordfliips, in favour of w^hofe immediate
dependence on the Empire fentence was pafTed by the Imperial chamber
in the year 1701, but in oppofition to this the Eledlor of Bavaria had
recourfe to the remedium revifwnis. To thefe lordlTiips belong
Old-Fraunhofcn, a caftle and market-town, feated on the little river
of Vtls.
New-Fraiinhofen, a caftle ilanding on a mountain.
Fifty-three cables, noble feats, and kofmarkte, as namely Adorf, Aeß,
Euting, Frauenberg, Gankofen, Kopfsburg, Old and Lang-Preifzing, Upper
and Lcwer-Peuibach, Taufkirch, Vilßeim, Wafen-'Tegernbach^ &c.
3. Tht pfUggericht of Dorjen, in which is
Dorfeii, a market-town feated on the little river Ifen.
Mo/en,
a noble feat and hoftmarkte.
4. The Pfleggericht of Ncumarkt, belonging to the knights of St.
George, and containing in it
Neuinnrkt, a market-town, feated on the river Roth,
Feit an abbey of Benedi£iine Monks.
ti.
Au

L. Bavaria.] GERMANY;
Au and Gan both priories of regular canons of the order of St. Augußine,
and feated on the river Ihn.
Ampfing, a village feated on the river Ifen, and remarkable for the great
battle fought near it in the year 1322, in which Frederick oi Anßria was
defeated and taken prifoner by the Emperor Lewis IV.
Tvventy-feven caitles, i^.oble feats, and hofmarkte, namely Dornberg,
Hoch-Puckbach, Falmbcrg, Sdmberg, Scwind:ck, Sieg, IValkerßicb, Werf,
Ziingberg, &c.
343
5. The pfieggericht of Vih-Biburg, containing in it.
Vih-Biburg, a market-town feated on the river ViIs.
Eberjpeunt, a market-town.
Felden,
a market-town f;ated on the Fils.
Eighteen caftles, noble feats, and hofmarhe, as namely Binabiburg,
Cerelpeunt, Banbriick, Ro'hewert, Seiboltjlorf U. F. Sntleren, IJ'Wmjheim, 6cc.
6. The pfieggericht of Geijenhaujcn, contains in it
Geijenhaufen, a market-town.
Harbach, a noble feat.
7. The pjleggericht of T'eisbach, in which is
'Teisbach, or Teijenbach, a market-town, fituated not far from the river
Ifer.
Frontenhaujen and Gerzcn, market-towns feated on the river Vils, and in
the latter of which is
a caftle.
Pilfling, a market-town, lying on the other fide of the Danube, not far
from Leonsberg.
Erblsbach, a market-town, which is environed by the bailiwicks of
Rottenburg and Kirchberg.
Veichbach, a convent of Nuns of the order of St. Augußine, feated on
the Ijcr.
Thirteen caftles, noble feats, and hofmarkte, as namely Upper and Undcr-
Aichbach, Abeim, Marklkofen, Riding, and Stahoang.
8. The Pfleggerichts of Dingelßng and Reisbach, in which is
Dingelfing, a fmall town feated on the IJer, and containing in it, exclufive
of its parifh-church, one convent of Francifcans, with a church
in it. In the year 1634 the Swedes made themfelves mafters of this place
by ftorm.
Reisbach, a market-town, fituate not far from the river Vils.
Seemaiinshaiifen,
a convent of Hermits of the order of St. Augußine.
Sixteen caflles, noble feats, and hojmarkte, as namely Durnthenmg, Hofdorf
Mofthening, Pofchau, Schernau, Tunzberg, and Wart.
9. The pßeggericht of Gankofen, containing
Gankfoken, a market-town feated on the river Bina, with a manor in
it belonging to the Teutonick order.
Mafzing,
a market-town feated on the river Roth.
JO.
The

GERMANY, [L.Bavaria.
344
10. The pßcggericbt of Egge/ife/dcn belonging to the order of St. George,
and containing in it
EggenfeUien,
a niarket-town feated on the river Roth.
Gern, a tnarket-town having a ca(He in it, lying on the fame river.
V/urmamilquick, a market-town ahb containing a caüle.
Twenty-three caftles, noble feats, and boftmarkte, as namely Hofau,
Hirfcbhorn, Kirchberg, Schonau, Solacb, 'Taufkirchen-, Valkenberg, &c.
11. Tht Pfleggericht oi Landau, in which is
Landau, a town {landing on a hill on the river Jfer.
Lucbendorf, a market-town feated on the Vih,
Simpach, a market-tovvn.
Twenty-four caftles, noble feats, and hojmarktey as namely Gerkiveis,
Gotterjdot'f, Malgerfiorf Oechling, Wilturn, h,Q.
12. "Vh.Q Pfleggericht of Pfarrkirchen, containing
Pfarrkirchen, a market-town, lituated not far from the river Roth.
Trufflern, alfo a market-town.
Armfhrf, a market-town with two caftles in it, and (landing on the little
nvtv Kilbacb, belongs to the Barons of iÖoo/«,
Thirty callles, noble feats, and hofmarkte, as namely Afterhaufen, Aefenheim
or Lijenheim, Baumgarten, Guteneck, Muncbhaufen^ Neideck, Samefkirch,
and Tumjlein.
13. The. pjleggericht of Griesbach, contains in it
Griesbach, a market-town having a callle.
Choßlarn, alio a market-town.
Minjlcr,
a market-to vi'n.
Afchbach, an abbey of BendiÜine Monks.
5. Sahator, an abbey of Prcemoytßratenfian Monks.
Furßtnzell, an abbey of Cißercia?i Monks belonging to the order of St.
Bernard.
Varnbach, an abbey of BenediSiines feated on the river Ihn.
Twenty-feven caftles, noble feats, and hoftmarkte, as namely Dobl, Dorfbach,
Gegning, Ror, S>chonburg, &c.
14. The immediate Imperial county of Hah, which is environed by the
bidiopric of Paffau, in the year 1375, on the failure of the ancient Counts
of Hah, devolved to the Landgraves of Leiicbtenberg, and, in 1485,
was purchafed of them by the Lords Aichberg. From the latter it de^
fcended to fohn Baron of Deggenberg, who in 15 17 fold it to the Dukes of
Bavaria, to whom it was alio granted as a fief by the Emperor Maximilian
\. This county contains in it
Hals, a market-town feated on the river Ilz, and having a caftle.
I'^our hoftmarkte, as namely Rzing, Hardorf, Kopfing, and Waldenreut.
J 5. H\~i^ pfliggericbt of Vilfjofhi, containing in it
Vilßjofeny

.
L.Bavaria.] GERMANY.
34.5
Vilß.^ofen, a fmall town fitiiated at the conflux of the Danube and Vih^
and having a collegiate church. This place was twice taken by the Imperialills
in the year 1703. In 1745 the Aiijlriam made themfelves mafters
of it by ftorm.
Pleinting^ a market-town feated on the Danube.
Tutting^ a market-town, having a caftle.
Allersbach, an abbey of Cijlercian Monks.
S. Niklau ob Paßau, a priory of regular canons of the order of St.
Augujii-ne.
Upwards of thirty-five caftles, noble feats, and hofmarkte^ as namely Aitenbath^
Ambß^eim, Haidenburg, Hi?7terholzen, Scbonenng, and M'^alxivg,
16. T\\t Pfleggericht oi OJierhofen, in which is
Oßerhofen, a town lituated not far from the Danube, and fuppofed to be
the Petrenfia of the ancients. Near it lies
Oßerhofen, an abbey of Pramonßratcnßan Monks.
Upwards of ten caftles, feats, and hofmarkte, as namely Little and Long'
Iferhofen, Mojz, Lower-Poring, Ottmaring, and RamllorJ.
1 7. The Pfleggericht of Naternberg, containing in it
Naternberg, a caftle, lying not far from the Danube.
Pladlivg, a market-town fituated on the river Ijcr.
Four caftles, a noble feat, and hofmarkfe, as n.imely Aholming, Peuzkofen,
Pofching, which lies on the Danube, and Pukveichs, feated on the Ifer.
18. Tht. Pfleggericht of Kirchberg, in which is
Kirchberg, a caftle.
PJaffenberg, alfo a market-town, feated on the Little-Laber
Malerßorf, an abbey of Benedicline Monks, lying in the neighbourhood
of the above market-town.
Geijjelhoring, a market-town, feated on the Little-Laber.
Twenty-nine caftles, noble feats, and hojmarkte, as namely Eiting, Erblsbach,
Grajen-Traubach, Hablsbach, Hainsbach, Hohentann, Laberweiting,
Unkofen, and Zazkofen.
19. The lordfhipof£t'-^AW/ has a pfleger or of its own, and contains
in it the market-town of Ecbnull, which lies on the Great-Laber.
20. The pßeggericht of Rottenburg, containing in it
Rottenburg, a market-town with a caftle, and having anciently Counts
of its own, who took their title from it.
Pfaffenhaufen, a market-town feated on the Great-Laber.
Thirty-eight caftles, noble feats, and hofmarkte, as namely Au, Furt,
Hornbach, Kolnbach, Lauterbach, Mosfinn, Mojziüeng, Pfetrach, Roznbach
U. F. Claim, Weichenjlephen, Weichmuhl, and Willenberg.
21. The pjleggericht of Mosburg, to which belongs
Mosburg, a town feated on the IJer, which not far from hence receives
into it the Ammer. This town formerly gave title to Counts of its own.
Vol. V. Y y on

.
GERMANY,
[L. Bavaria.
on the failure of whom King Rudolph I. conferred it on Leinni Duke of
Bavaria. In the year 13 13 the faid Leia's, before his arrival to the Empire,
obtained a viftory at this place over the Außrians. In 1632 and 1634.
Mosburg was taken by the Sivcdes.
An, a market-town, caftle, and lordfliip, feated on the little river Abens.
Nandelßatt, a market- town.
IVolnzach, a market-town and caflle.
Twenty-nine caftles, noblemens feats, and hoftmarkte, as namely Durnffibelßorf-,
Flizing, Hag, Hagßorf, Hergertjhaufm, Inkofai^Ifereck, Mauren-
Sandelzhaujhiy Siesbach, Woff'er/ior/, and Zoiling,
11. To the rent-amt of Straubifig belong
I. The upper ^y/f^^rr/V/j/j, viz.
1 The pßeggericbt of Kelheim, in which is,
Ktlbeim, a town fituated at the influx of the Altmuhl into the Danube,
and (landing on an ifland formed by thefe rivers. In this town is a convent
of Francifcam.
Lankwatt and Schierling, both market-towns lying on the Great-Laber.
Weltenburg and Prißing, abbeys of BenediSiine Monks fituated on the
Danube.
Eighteen caftles, noblemens feats, and hofinarkte, as namely Afekingy
Alkofen, Euchenhoßn, Gutting, Honheim, Kapfelberg, and Peterfeking.
2. The pßeggericbt of Dietfurt lies apart from the others, being fituated
on the borders of the diocefe o^ Eichßadt, and contains in it
Dietfurt, a fmall town feated in a vale on the Altmuhl, into which the
river Labcr empties itfelf at this place. In it is a convent of Francifcatis j
and in the year 1703 the Bavarians were defeated here by the Imperialißs.
Altenburg, a nobleman's feat.
3. The pßeggericbt oi Abach, in which is
Abach, a market-town feated on the Danube, with an old caftle in it
named Heinrichsburg, and which is fuppofed to be the place where the
Emperor Henry II. was born. This town is famous for the Wildbad here,
which has all the fmell and tafte of rotten eggs, but its virtues are highly
extolled in feveral hurts and diforders.
4. ThQ pßeggericbt of Heidau, containing in it
Heidau, a cafl:le feated on the little river Pfeter.
Pßetcr, a market town, through which the river of that name runs into
the Danube.
Pruel, a monaftery of Carthißans, fituated not far from Ratisbon.
Forty-eight caftles, noblemens feats, and hoßmarkte, as namely Auburg,
Egkjßmm, Erring, Laikepoint, Langen, Erling, Mofzbeim, Mozing, ISlew-
Egloßjbeim, Perbing, Sinching, and Traubling.
5. ThQ pßeggericbt of Stadt am Hoß^ belongs to the order of St, George,
and contains in it
. Stadt

In this town are two convents and an ahnshoiife, the latter of which, both
with refpcft to the poor who are admitted into it and likewile of its go-
.
L.Bavaria.] G E R M A N T.
Stadt am Hof, a fmall town, feated on the Danube oppofite to kafishon,
with which Imperial city it is joined by means of a bridge over the river.
vernors, is one half Lulberati, and the; other half Rovian-czthoY\c ; its
yearly income being faid to amount to 80,000 florins. The Ltitlxrans have
alio a chapel here. In 1 704 the Impertaliili carried 'this place by alTault,
^nd in 1742 the French entrenched themfelves here.
S. Mang, a priory of regular Augußines fituated near Ratisbon.
The calHe of Wachs, together with Ragers and Lower-PFinzcr , noblemens
feats.
2. The middle pfleggericht, viz.
1. The pfleggericht of Straubing, m which h
Straubijig, a town and caftle feated on the Danube, being well built, and
alfo the refidence of an electoral fifcal court. This town contains in it
a collegiate church, together with a college of Jefuits, and four convents.
Without it ftands the church of St. Peter. Straubing was firft built in
the year 1208 by Leivis Duke o^ Bavaria : But in 1288 and 1392 was
totally deftroyed by fire. In the year 1742 it was cancnaded by the Aufirians,
and in 1743 taken by capitulation.
Pfaff'enmunßer, a collegiate church.
Thirty-two caftles, noblemens feats, and hoftmarkte, namely Acholfing,
Ainhaujen, Aitcrhofen, Amjelßng, Bergftoif, Geltaf?7g, Honhart, Horlbach,
Vpper-Harthaujen, Upper-Mozing, Upper-Piebing, ^Rain, Schambach, Soffau,
Steinach, Sunzing, IJtling, and Wijendorf.
2. The pfleggericht of Aliterfeh, containing
Milerjeh, a caftle.
Pogen, a market-town, fituated not far from the Danube on the river
Pogen, by which it is joined. On a hill adjoining to this place is a miraculous
image of the Virgin Mary. The ancient Counts of Pogen became
cxtincfl in the year 1242.
Falkenflein, a market-town and feat. Vppcr-Altaich.
Frauen- Zell ?inA Methen, abbeys oi BenediSline Monks.
Windberg, a Pramonjiratenfian abbey.
Forty caftles, noblemens feats, and hofmarkte, as namely Au, Bernried,
3. The pfleggericht o{ Gofferihrj
Bremberg, Burgkn, Degenberg, Degernbach, Eck, Falkenjeh, Haukenzell,
Haybach, Locheim, New-Rambsberg, Ofenberg, Pofching, Saulburg, Schonliein,
Steinberg, Weichenberg, and Wezhberg.
4. The pfleggericht of Cham, confifling of an immediate Imperial
county, the Lords of which became extind: in the year 1204. The Emperor
Lewis IV. transferred this
place together with the upper palatinate to
the children of his brother Rudolph; but in 1628 it reverted, to'-^ether
^ ^
-2.
^ with
34 rfr

348 G E R M A N Y. [L. Bavaria.
with the faixi palatinate, to Bavaria, which was confirmed in the pofieflion
thereof at the peace of JVeßphalid. This pfleggericbt contains in it Cham^
a town on the Regen, which in this nei;i;hbcurhood receives into it the Httle
river Champ. The Fro.ndfcam are poflcfTed of a convent here. In 1703
this place was taken by the Impcrialtfts, and in 1742 pillaged by the
Pandours.
Seventeen caftles, noblemens feats, and hofmarkte, as namely Neubaus,
Raiiiuorf, Ruining, 'Ticrlfteiii and Traubenbach.
5. The Pfleggericht of Furt, containing in it Furt a fmall town and caftle
on the Champ.
I'eated
6. The Pfleggericht of Kotzting, containing in it
Kotzting, a market-town.
Twenty caitles, noblemens feats, and hojmarkte, as namely Camerau,
Grub, Lam, Lichtenecli, Fleyhach, Kaidftein, Zenching and Z?/w Haiu.
7. The Pfleggericht of Neukirchen, which contains in it the two markettowns
of Neukirchen and Rfchlkam.
8. The pfl.tggericht of Viechtach, in which is a copper and filver mine,
exclu five of
Viechtach^ a markct-tovi/n feated on the Schivarz-Regen, and
Ruemannsfelden, a market-town ; near the latter of which alfo lies
Gottej'zell, an abbey of Cifiercian Monks.
Above ten caftles, noblemens feats, and hojmarkte, as namely Draxlried,
Kiilnberg, Podeninaii, &cc.
3. The Lower-pfleggericht, viz,
1. The pfleggericbt oi Leonsberg, which lies between the pfleggericbt of
Straubing, Landau and Dingelflngen. In it is
Lconsberg, a caftle ftanding on a high mountain which formerly gave the
title of Count.
Kolnbach, a caftle, Leibflng and Guntering.
2. The Pfleggericht of Schwarzach. The feat of this pfleggricht lies in
the caftle of Schzvarzach on the rivulet of that name, and within the pfleggericbt
of Miterflels.
3. The Pfleggericht of Linden. The feat of this pfleggericbt lies in the
caftle of Linden.
4. Tht Pfleggericht of ZwifI And JVeißenftein, containing in it
Zivifel,
a market-town feated on the river Regen, the fource of which I'es
on the borders of Bohemia in this diftrift.
Weiflenftein,
a caftle.
5. The pfleggericbt of Regen, containing
Regen, a market-town, feated on a river of the fame name.
Rinchnach, a convent, incorporated with that of Lower- Altaich.
Seven caftles, noblem^ens feats, and hofmarkte, as namely Bifchofsmais,
B^inhardfmais,
&,c.
6. The pfleggericbt of Deckendorf , containing in it 'Decken^-

U. Palatinate.] GERMANY,
Deckendorf, a fmall town having a bridge over the Dnniibe.
3+9
Findelflein, a caftle feated on the Danube, into which the Ifer empties itfelf
in
Pergern,
tiie neighbourhood of this place.
a nobleman's feat.
7. The pfieggericht of Hcngenherg, in which is
Hengersberg, a market-town, lying not far from the Danube.
Loiver-Altiiich, an abbey of Bencdi^'nie Monks feated on the Danube.
Hofkirchen, a market-town, alfo feated on the Danube,
8. Th.Q fßeggericht 0^ JVinzer, containing in it
Winzer, a market-town feated on the Danube, and near which flands
the mountain-caftle ol Jioch-Winzer.
Four caftles, noblemens feats, and hoffnarkte.
9. T\\t pfieggericht oi Diefenßein, in which is
Diefenßein,
a caftle.
10. Tht pfieggericht oi Bernfiein, appertaining to the order of St. George,
and containing in
it
Bcrn/lein, a cartle.
Gravenau,
Schcnberg,
a fmall town.
a market-town.
St. OJwald, a priory of regular canons of the order of S. Auguftine.
Nine cailles, noblemens feats, and hofmarkte, as namely Blbereck, Eberhardfreut,
Haimguiter, Haus, Ramblsberg and Ranjels.
U. 7he UPPER PALATi NArE,
'Tp HIS country lies in the Ncrdgau. In the twelfth century the Dukes
- of Swabia were pofTeiTed of it. Afterwards the Emperor Conrad IV.
who was alfo Duke ci Swabia, mortgaged it for the fum of 128,000 gold
guldens to Otho Duke oi Bavaria, and the firft ofthat houfe who was actual
Palatine of the Rhine; but Cmrad, ox Conradine the Unfortunate, fon
to the Emperor Cöwrö^, made a total fale of it to the Pfalzgrave and Duke,
Lewis the Severe ; together with a free gift of all the other places which
were not mortgaged. The Emperor Lewis IV. in a compadl made with
the fons of his brother Rudolph in 1329 ceded to them this country, which
was then firft named the Upper-Palatinate, by way of diltindtion from the
lower or Eledorate-Palatine ; and which thus denotes that part of Bavaria
which ought to belong to the palatinate. In the year 1354, the Emperor
Charles iV. for the fum of 32,000 marks of filver purchafed of the
FfAzgrdve Rupert the Elder, and his r)ephtw Rupert the Tounger, the following
caftles, towns and bailiwicks in the upper Palatinate, viz. Sidzbachy

350 GERMANY. [U. Palatinate.
hach, Rofenberg, Neiäßein, Hertev.fte'tn. Hohetiftein, Hiltpoltfieh:, Lichteneck,
Turndorf, (otherwife called Durreudorf) Frankenberg, Auerbach, Hcnbruck^
Laufen, fFeldcn, Plech, Ejchenbacb, Fegnitz, Haujzcck, Werdenftein, Kir-
Jchau, Neufiadt, Sturenftein and Lichtenjtein ; as likewile the entiles of
Plevjtein, Rekhenjtein, Reicheneck, Haufzeck, Strahlenfels, Spies and Rnprechjtein,
which were Bohemian fiefs. All thefe feveral places, together with
the town of Bernau, which that Emperor had likewife purchaied of the
convent of Waldjachfen, were in 1355 incorporated by him with the Kingdom
oi Bohemia, with an injundtion that they fliould not be dilmembered on
any account whatever. But in 1373, the Emperor having for the lum of
200,000 Hungarian ducats bought of his fon-in-law Otho, Duke of Ba-
fon to the Emperor Leiuis IV. the Eledlorate oi Brandenburg, which
ijaria,
on the demife of John IV. the laft Eledor thereof had, by the afliftance
of that Emperor, fallen to the houfe of Bavßria, and being unable to pay
he made over to the Eleftor of Ba'varia,
down above one haU of that fum,
as a fecurity for the refidue, feveral of the above-mentioned places, which
had been fo folemnly annexed to the crown of Bohemia, referving, however,
a perpetual right of redemption. Under the Emperor Wenceßcus,
the Palatines and Eiedors Rupert II. and III. attacking Bohemia, reduced
all the places belonging to the upper Palatinate which had been incorporated
with Bohemia, as alfo Bernau and Rothenberg, and fhared them
\\ ith the Duke of Bavaria, from whom they had received afliftance. The
Pfalzgrave's fliare of thefe acquifitions, namely Tenesberg, Hohenfels, Sulzbach,
Rofenberg, Henbruck, Auerbach, Turndo7-f, Efchenbach, Hollenberg,
Hertenftein, Rothenberg, Hirfchau, and Bernau were affigned to the Pfalzwrave
John, fecond fon to Rupert III. whofe fon Chrißopher dying without
male-ilfue, they devolved to the Pfalzgrave Otho of Mcfzbach, fourth fon
to the above-mentioned Rupert III. and his fon Otho junior in the year
1465 by a convention made betwixt him and George, King of Bohemiay
was confirmed in the pofleflion of the above places which had been annexed
to Bohemia, and he and his heirs were for ever to hold and enjoy the
fame as fiefs j but dying in 1499 without heirs, his nephew Philip, Eledorpalatine,
took pofleflion of thefe Bohemian fiefs, and accordingly they defcended
fuccefiively to his fons the Eiedors Leiais and Frederick II. as alfo to his
jrandfon the Eledor Otho Henry, and in 1559, together with the Palatinate
kfelt efcheated, to the Simmer line, and were held by the Eledor ivWrv/t/^ III.
who in 1559 was inverted with them as fiefs for himfelf and his proper
heirs by the Emperor Ferdinand 1. In this manner did they continue annexed
to the Palatinate till the time of the Eledor Frederick V. when that Prince
taking upon him the crown of Bohemia the Emperor Ferdinand II. reaf-
(umed the fo often mentioned Bohemian fiefs as forfeited, and in 1628 difnofed
of them to the new Eledor of Bavaria, Maximilian I. to be held by
the whole IVilhclmina line and their proper heirs according to the adual
tenor

.
ü. Palatinate.] GERMANY.
351
tenor of the inftrument of purchafe, together with tlie principality of the
upper Palatinate, as elcheated and appertaining to him the faid Emperor,
and likewile the fovereignty, power, pre-eminence, and all jurifdicTiions
and regalia of all kinds whatever, both over 1 ind and people, as a fief derived
from his Imperial Majefty and the holy Empire ; but it was not till
the year 1631 that the Emperor inverted this Eledor and his heirs with
the Rchemiati fiefs lying in the upper Palatinate. Thus the dutchv of the
upper Palatinate confifts both of Imperial and Bohemian fiefs. To the former
relates claufe the ninth in the fourth article of the peace of Weßphallay
namely, that on the total extimftion of the Wubilmina, i. e. the Bavarian
line, the line palatine lliall ei;ijoy not only the upper Palatinate, but alfo the
elecfloral dignity of the houfe of Bavaria, and Ihall be inverted with them
both by unanitnous confent, and at one and the fame time. In the year 17065
the Eledor of Bavaria being put under the ban of the Empire, the Emperor
granted the upper Palatinate to the Eleftor-palatine ; but the peace of
Baaden in 1714 put an end to his port"ertion thereof. This dutchy intitles
not to feat or voice either in the college of Princes or in the circle of Bavaria.
The territories of Sulzbach and the diftrict of Viljeck belonging to
Bamberg divide it into the fouthern and northern parts.
I. In the fouthern part are the following pfleggerichts, viz.
1 The pfleggericht of Amberg, containing
Amberg, the capital of the dutchy and the refidence of the Elector's governor,
as alfo of every branch of the regency. This town lies on the Vih-,
which runs through it, being fortified, and the largeft place in the upper
Palatinate. In it is an eledtoral-palace, as alfo a cathedral dedicated to
S. Martin, together with a college of Jefuits, in which is a beautiful church,
to which have been transferied the lands of C^^/ convent, and three other
monarteries. Amberg is faid to have been raifed from a village to a town in
the year 1297. In 1703 it was taken by the Imperialifts.
On a mountain near it ftands the pilgrimage church of Maria-HuJfe, or
'Mary\ help ; and in its neighbourhood is an iron-mine, but under the direction
of a particular mine-fteward.
Hambach, a walled maiket-town, feated on the Vih.
Schnaitbach, alfo a walled market-town.
Animertbal, a large village containing two feats j and which, in the tenth
and eleventh centuries, gave title to' Counts.
The caftle of Afcha, and the feudal eftates of Eberman/Jcrf, Garmaßorf,
Gozendorf, Haimhuf, HaifmiU, Kemnat, Kitnersbruck, Lintacb, Mofz^
Pruck, Sigars, 'Tnim, Urjenkoln, and Za?2:.
2. The pfleggerichts of Ffaffenhofen and Hainburg, to which belongs
Fjaffenhnfen, a market-town in which is a feat,
Lauterbofen, a market-town.
Cajieli formerly a Benedtäine convent, at prefent made over to the Jefuits
of.

352 GERMANY. [U. Palatinate.
of Amherg, This place was originally a caflle belonging to certain Counts
of Cajlcl, whofe line commencing about the year 975 became extindl in
1220, and is to be ditlinguiflied from the Counts of the fame name in
Franconia. In the year 1098 thefe Counts gave up their caftle to religious
ufes. We dill fee here the monuments of feveral of them ; and what
more attracts the curiofitv of a ftranger that alfo of the renowned Bavarian
Knight Seyfrid SchivepperviaJin.
G}iade?iberg, a convent now lying in ruins, which belonged to the Theatine
nunnery at Munich.
The feudal eftales of
Hamburgh a cartle.
Piefach and Konißatt.
3. The pfleggericht of Neumarkf. In it is
Neumarkt, a fortified town, having alfo a caftle. In the year 1633 ^^'^
place was taken by the Sivedes., in 1703 by the Imperialifls^ and in 1745
by the Außrians. Without the town is a convent of Capuchim.
Seligpforten, a Cijiercian abbey of female reclufes, flanding near a fmall
lake.
The feudal eflates of Eresbacb, Griesbach, Lotersbach, Teining, TJtelhofen,
Waperjlorf, .and JVofenbach.
The villages oi Salej-mnA Zeitlarn on the river Regen, not far from Stadt
am Ho/', are under a particular judge of their own.
4. The pfleggericht of Rieden, containing
Rieden, a market-town, having a caftle.
Enfdorf, a convent of Befiediffine Monks, lying on the Fils.
The feudal eftates of Allersberg and Haßbach.
At Hirjchivald and Freyhoh refide two rangers of the forefts.
5. The pfleggericht of Freudenberg, in which is the caftle of Freudenberg.
6. The pfleggericht of Hirjcbau, at prefent belonging to the Knights
of St. George, and containing in it
Hirjchau, a fmall town, together with
The feudal eftate of IFeignried.
7. The pfleggericht of Nabburg, in which is
Nabburg, a fmall town ftanding on an eminence, with a fuburb called
Venedig lying beneath it on the river Nab. In the year 143 i this place was
pillaged by the Bohemians.
Schivarzenfeld, a market- town feated on the Nab.
The feudal lands of Gleeritjcb, Gutineck, Hoßarn, Neufes, Saltendorf,
Stein, Tamißorf, Weier, V/ilhofen, Wclfering, &c.
Traufnitz, a feat Iving in a vale on the Pfreimbt, and by fome thought
to be the place where Frederick Duke of Aujfria was kept prifoner, though
others, with greater probability, hold the caftle of Trattjnitz, or Frejhvitz,
as being much more ftrong and fecure, to have been the feat ofthat unfortunate
Prince's confinement.
1 8. The

U. Palatinate.] GERMANY.
353
8. The pfleggericht of Neubiirg, in which is
Neiibufg 'cor dem Wald, a town fituate on the Schwarza, with a caftle
belonging to it ftanding on a mountain.
Schuwzhofen^ a market-town, alio feated on the Schwarza, at the influx
of the little river Murach.
Neukircben, a market-town.
The feudal eflates of Altfchneherg, Culz, Dieterskircb^ Frnueiiberg, Ketzflorfy
Petendorf, Schneberg, Schonern, Tanßein, Treflftein, Weißilz, Winklam
and Zangerftein.
9. The pfleggericht of JVeferfeld, containing
Weterfeldy a cafl:!e feated on the river Regen.
Rating and Nittefuiu, both market-towns, alfo lying on the river Re^cn.
Walderbacb and Reichenbach, convents of Bencdiiliiie Monks fituated cii
the Regen.
The feudal eflates of Hoft'e, Kirnberg, Lobenftein, Neid'mis, Fodenfcein^
ScJni'erzenberg, Stambfried, Sfeffling, Stockcnfcld, Vijzbach, &c.
10. The pfleggericht of Brück lies in the market-town of Brück, or
Priick.
11. The pfleggericht of Refz, containing in it
Refz, or Rotz, a fmall town feated on the Schivarza, and having a refidence
of Augtifti7ies.
Schcnthal, a convent of Auguftine Eremites.
The feudal eflates of Arnftein, Premifcbl, Pumafried, Scb'warzenburg,6cc,
12. The pfleggericht of Waldmunchcn, in which is
Waldmunchen, a fmall town feated on the Schivarza, the fource of which
lies in this pfleggericht on the borders of BoJjemia.
The feudal lands of Biberhacb, Geygant, Grauerried and Luxeuricd.
13. The pfleggericht of 7lfi:/r^(:/6, containing in it
Muracb, a caftle.
Viechtach, a market-town.
The feudal lands of Eiglsberg, Fufchberg, Murach, Periolßcfen, Pulnried
and Scbonfee.
14. The pfleggericht of Treßcig and Tcnesbcrg, in which is
Tenesbejg, or Fennemheig, a ruined mountain-caflle.
Mosbach and Efzlarn, both market-towns.
Waidhaufen, a market-town.
The feudal lands of Gaißiaim, Gebbardfried and Mishach.
The citadel of Tr^/w^Vz, ov Traufnitz, which is a caftle feated on the
nvev Pfreimdt. See above under Traufnitz in the pfleggericht of A'ir/^i//;-^'-.
II. To the northern part belong the following pfleggerichts, viz.
1. The pfleggericht of 5fr;7ßW, containing
Bernau, a fmall town on the Nab, which has its fource rot far from
this place in the village of Nab, on the borders of Bohemia. Bernau anci-
V o L. V. Z z cndy

354^ GERMANY, [U. Palatinate.
ently belonged to the convent of IValdfafen, which the 'Em^Qvor Charles IV.
punch aled for Bohemia.
The feudal-lands of Haimbof, Hormanfreit., 'Tuntenhaufen, 6cc.
2. The pfleggerichte o'i V/aldir.ßen and Tiijchenreit, containing in them
TirjlLcnreit-, a fmnll town, fcated on the Nub, with a caftle belonging
to it lying in ruins,
Fuikenberg, a market-town, alfo feated on the Nab.
Peiti, a market-town.
Ncuhau!:, a maiket-town, fituate on the Av/^.
M'^indijch and Ejckcnbach, the latter of which is a market-town, lying on
the Nab, belong partly to the principality of Sulzbacb.
Dieterfdc?-f,
a feudal eftate.
JValdJdffhi, or JValdfacbfcn, a rich abbey of Cißercian Monks, was founded
by Diepcld, Count of Voburg, in the year 1
133, and received its firft Monks
Irom the convent of Waikenried. The former abbots of this place were
reckoned princely abbots of the holv R.oman Empire; and the affefTment
of the convent, by a matricula of the Empire, is rated at four horfe and
twenty-four foot, or one hundred and forty-four (others fay one hundred
and twenty) florins ; but at prefent Bavaria has exempted it from all imports.
The Eledor of Bavaria pays no tax for this convent to the chamber
at IVetzlar, though it (lands aflefled in the ufual matricula at one hundred
and fixty-two rixdollars, twenty-nine kruitzers.. Near the convent lies a
market-town.
Ccmerfreit, a market-town.
Ottengrieri, a feudal eftate, &c.
3. The pfleggerichte of Kemnat, Waldeck and- Prejat ; containing In
them
Kemnat,
a fmall town.
Waldeck, a market-town, with a caftle belonging to it feated on a mountain,
and which was taken and deftroyed by the French army in the
year 1704..
Prejfat, a market-town, fituated on the Heid-Nab, which has its
fource in this pfleggericht, on the borders of Culmbachy and runs into the
JVald-nab.
Cuhnain, alfo a market-town.
The feudal eftates of Anzenberg, Brück bey Cafll, Brück in Weyr, Diebsfiirt,
Dobiitz, Ebnat, Eißßorf, Fortfchau, Fridnfols, Fuchfmill, Gmünd,
Hauritz, Neienreit, Pechhofen, Perndorf, Pofenreit, Rigelfreit, Schlaknhofy
Schonreit, Trabitz, Traunberg, Weißenjtein, Weierjherg, Wizlreit ä.ndWolJ-^
ramß:of.
Obf.
In the fichtelberge is a particular berg-amt.
4. The pfleggerichte of Efchenbach and Gravenwerth, containing in
diem.
Efchenbach,

U. Palatinate.] GERMANY,
Efchcnbtichi
afmalltown.
355
Gravojwerth, alfo a fmall town, fituated on the Crcujfen, which below it
falls into the Heid-nab.
Speinlhart, an abbey o^ pramonßratenJiaH Monks.
The feudal eftates oiForba, Ho/Ljs, Leizetihof, Metizlns, Mezejihof, Schlammerfdorf
and Stogntumpach.
5. The pfleggerichte of Turndorf 2.nA Holnbcrg, the latter of which is furrounded
by the territories of Brandenburg-Cuhnbach. Thefe pfieggerichtc
contain in them
TumdorJ, a market-town, and
Hohberg, a caflle.
6. The pfleggericht of 'Tumbach lies in the market-town of that name.
7. The pfleggericht of Aiirbach contains in it
Aurbach, a fmall town.
Michelfeld and Weiffenohe^ both abbeys of BencdiSline Monks.
The noble feudal eftates of Frmikeuo, Gunzetidorf, Hopfeno-, Kirchtcrnpach,
Portenj-eit,
Tagmaiif%, 'Traimreit, Trofchenreit and Zogenreit.
8. The pfleggericht of //t';Yfw//if//7, or Hartenßebiy in which {lands the
almofi: ruined caftle of that name,
9. The lordihip of Rothe}iberg is furrounded by the territories of the Imperial
city oi Nürnberg and by a part alfo of the upper-amtof Fegnitz, which
belongs to Brandenburg-Culmbacb. This lordihip defcended from the
Counts of Vohburg to thofe of Zollern, who were afterwards Burggraves
of Nürnberg, and formerly granted it as a fief to the family of
IVildenßein. The Emperor Cha}-les IV. purchafed of the Burgraves Albert
tht dominium dire£lii7n owcv x\\\s lordlLip, and foon after, namely, in 1360,
alfo q{ Henry oiWildenßein, xht dominium utile for the fum of 50 So fchocks,
each of which contains fixty, of good Bchernian grofchen. Prague
coined and incorporated this lordHiip with the crown of Bcbemia. In what
manner the Pfalzgraves acquired it, and how it fell to Bavaria, may be feen
from the above-mentioned general hiftory of the upper-palr.tinate. The
Eledlor of Bavaria having been put under the ban in the year 1706, this
lordfliip, together with the above-named pfleggericht of Hertenjlein, was
conferred by the Emperor, as a fief oi Bohemia, oa the Imperial city of Nurn^

n 56 G E R M j4 N r. [Frey fing.
FRETSING.
The Bishopric of
'T^HE territories belonging to the cathedral of Freyfing, or Freyfingen,
and included in this circle, are furrounded by the dutchy of Bavaria,
as may be feen in the above-mentioned maps of Bavaria. The
founder of this biHiopric was St. Corbinian, who, according to Baronit/s
and Hanfitz, went to Rome about the year 710, and was there conlecrated
biihop of the place by Pope Conflantine III. after which he lived as a hermit
in France for feveii years, and towards the year 717, at which time Gregory II.
was Pope, and ThcoJo Duke of Bavaria, came to Bavaria, where, with
the confentof the latter, he built a church in honour of St. BenediSl on the
hill of Freyßng, as alfo a convent, and was the iiril billit-p of Freyßng. This
bifliopric, by means of donations and purchafe, gradually increafed in eftates,
lands and fubjetfls. Its prelate is fuffragan to the archbifliop of Salzburg.
As a Prince of the Empire he polTelTes the fourteenth place on the bench of
ecclefiaftical Princes, and lits betwixt the bifliops ot Paderbcni and Ratij~
ban. In the Diet of the circle of Bavaria he holds the fecond feat on the
ecclefiaftical bench, but is lummoned next after the El (ftor of Bavaria.
His aliefTment in the Imperial maüieula amounts to twelve horfe and eighty
foot, or four hundred and fixty-four florins; but his taxation is faid to be lower.
To the chamber at I'Vctzlar he pays one hundred and fifty-two rixdollars,
nineteen kruitzers. The firft canons of Freyßng were Monks. The chapter
at prefent conlirts of fifteen canons and nine domicellarii. To this bifhopric
belongs
Freyfing, in Latin Frifmga, and anciently Fruxiniiim, Fruxinia, or Frixinia,
the capital and refidence of the biihop, landing on two hills on the little
river Mofacl.\ not far from the Tfer, and commanding a mofl: delightful
profpeil into Bavaria, the archbilliopric o^ Salzburg, the counties oi Werdenfeh
and Tvrc?/, and likewife to ^^ Algau mountains. Of thefe mountains one,
commonly named the Frevfing, lies within the city walls, and on it ftands
the bilLop's palace, together with the cathedral and 2. Benedictine church, as
alfo the collegiate-churches of St. "Jobn and St. Andrew, St. Peter's chapel
and other public edifices. In the fubjacent city alfo is a large market-place,
in the centre of which ffands a beautiful marble ftatuc of the Virgin Mary^
together with the church of St. George, agymnafium o( Benedictines, a Francifcan
convent, an orphan-houfe and a hofpital. Without the city are the
billiop's gardens, as a.ho Neufli/t, a convent o^ prcrmonflratenfes. On the
other mountain which lies weft of the city, and was formerly called ^etmons,
is- the Bi-'nedicfine abbey oiWeihen-Stephan^ and below it the collegiate-church
li
of

Werdenfels.] GERMANY,
3^7
of St. ^/V^. This city appears to have been at the time of the eredion of
its bifliopric the capital of ail Uppcr-Ba'varia. In the year 11 16, it was
deftroyed by Guelpbo II. Duke oi' Bavaria. In 1159 and 12 15 (others fay
in 1216 and in 12 17) as alfo in 1226, it was totally conlumed by fire.
Over the county and jurifdidlion of Ifmaning, which Hes along the Ifer,
this bifhopric, in the year 1272, firft obtained the judicial authority. In
13 19, all the courts in the vi-llages of Ifmauing, Upper and Loioer-Vergcn,
now called Vehring, Rngelfchalktng and T^agolfing were fold to it bv Lewis IV.
as Duke of Bavaia, who promifed likewile, as Emperor, that its tenure
of thele places fliuuld be confidered as immediate fiefs of the Empire. At
Ifmanmg, otherwife called Ifmariiig, is a moll beautiful feat erevSed by Biflnop
John Franz.
To this county belongs alfo Arcbif!g-ciü.\t.
The Lordship of
Bt/kGKRAIJV,
IJI.
Which lies betwixt the county of Hag and Upper and Lciuer-Bavaria,
This lordfhip belonged to the bifhopric fo early as the thirteenth century,
and after divers temporary alienations was, in the year 1594, mortgaged by
Bilhop Erneß to the chapter of Freyfing. The principal places in it are
Burgkrain, a callle, and
Ifin, in Latin Ifana, a market^town, containing a collegiate-church.
WERDEN
IV. The Lordfliip, or County, of
FELS,
Which lies betwixt Upper-Bavaria and the Tirolefe, is very mountainous
and watered principally by the rivers Ifer and Loifach. This lordOiip
was annexed to the diocefe in the thirteenth century by virtue of a purchafe
of Bifhop Enich. In the year 1423 it was mortgaged to the Duke of Bavaria,
but redeemed again in 1425. In it is
Werdenfeh, a caftle, feated on a mountain, below which lies the Wang
on the river Loifach.
Gertnifch, or Germifchgau, a market-town, feated on the Loifach, and
purchafed by Bifhop Conrad I. in the year 1249.
Partoikirch, a market-town, alio leated on the Loifach, and
Mitteniva/d, a market-town, lying on the Ifer. This place was fold tothe
biHiopric, in the year 1294, by Berihold, Count of EJchenkhe. In the
inflrument

35» 'GERMANY. [U.Bavaria.
inftrument of fale that Count fays, that he fells to Bifhop E7iich the county
of Partcnkirch and MitteWiVald, with all its appurtenances.
Obf. The bifhopric is alfo poflefTed, i. In Upper-Bavaria, of the rentamt
of Munich and the amt of Cratitsberg, as alfo of the bofmarkte of
of Eifenhofen, together with Upper and Lower-Humbel, Maßenhauj'en and
Ottenburg. 2. In Außria, of JVaidhcvtn, Hollenbiirg and Enzerfdorf.
3. In Stiria, oi Rottenfeh. 4. InCarniola, of the lordfliip of Bifchof/ack
5, In Tiro/, of the market-town of /««c/V«^ or Innichen.
The Principalities of
i^^^ ^^ ^^ G and S U L Z B A C H.
§. I.
' I ^HE origin of thefe principalities, which, for the mofl: part, lie in
what is called the upper-palatinate, is as follows : George, Duke
oi Bavaria, oi i\\t Landeß:ut Ymt, dying, in the year 1503, without maleilTue,
left his territories to the Pfalzgrave Rupert, hufband to his daughter
Elizabeth and fon to Philip the Wife, Eledlor-palatine ; but this inheritance
gave rife to a war betwixt him and Duke Albert of Bavaria, of the
only furvivingline of Munich, in which the palatine-houfe proved unfuccefsful3
but, in the year i
507 this war was ended by a full compromife, by virtue
of which the children of the Pfalzgrave Rupert retained of the fucceffion of
the aforefäid Duke George, the town, caftle and amts of Neuburg, Hochßatt,
Lauingen, Gundelfingen, Monheim, Hilpoltllein, Heydeck, Weiden, Burkbeim,
Reichertjhofen, Laber, Allersberg, Flofa, Vohenjlraufz, Endorf, Kornkrunn,
Hainsberg, Graysbach and Burgftein ; and, on the other hand, the
defcendents of Duke Albei't of Bavaria, the lands of Sulzbach, Letigfeld,
Regenßauff, Velburg, Veldorf, Kalmunz, Scbivcigendorf, Schmidmuhl and
Hombauer. Thefe lands were originally called die junge pfalz, but this name
they did not retain long. They continued, however, in the houfe of the
Eledlor-palatine, and at laft, in the fons of the Ele(?T'or Philip Leivis,
namely, the Ffalzgraves Wolfgang William and Augußus, were divided into
two principalities ; viz. into the dutchy of Neuburg and the principality of
Sulzbach. Philip William, fon to the former of thefe Pfalzgraves, became
Eledtor-palatine ; but his fons and fuccefibrs, the Eleclors fobn William and
Charles Philip, dying both without male-iflue, the palatinate, together with
the dutchv of Neuburg came to the Sulzbach line, which derives its origin
from the above-mentioned Pfalzgrave Augußus ; fo that both principalities
;^re poiTeiTed at prefent by the fame proprietor.
§.2. The

Neuburg.] GERMANY. zsq
§. 2. The palatinate oi Neuburg has always a vote in the circle of Bavaria.
Before the latter too obtained the eledloral dignity, it had long contefts
with the palatinate of Neuburg ; but the eledoral dignity of thePfalzgrave
defcending to Bavaria in 1623, the Pialzgrave of AW'^^'z-j- voluntarily
yielded precedence to the Elecflur of Ba^-nria. in 1697, the P^a!^g^ave of
Sulzbacb was unanimoufly (the vote of the Pfalzgrave of Neuburg excepted)
received among the States of the circle of Bavaria, which reception was
confirmed by the Emperor in the year 1701 ; but on this account the Palatine
of Sulzbacb withdrew for a long time from the circle, and Lcuchtenbag
oppofed the precedence of Sulzbacb.
§,3. In the Diet of the Empire the Eleöor-palatine is poiTefled both of
feat and voice in the college of imperial Princes for the dutchy of Neuburg,
but for the palatinate oi Sulzbacb he has not yet received introduftion, notwithftanding
the whole Diet, in the lafl: century, declared in favor of his
claim, and gave hopes that the Pfalzgrave oi Sulzbacb {hovAd be admitted as
a State of the circle of Bavaria.
§.4. Before thefe countries became two principalities they paid to a
Roman month twenty horfe and one hundred foot, or fix hundred and forty
florins ; but afterwards each principality furnilhed its own particular quota.
Some contefts indeed arofe on this head betwixt them, but thefe have ceafed
ever fince the union of the principalities under one Sovereign. For the
lordQiip of Heydeck, the Pfalzgrave of Neuburg pays in particular five
horfe and feven foot, or eighty-eight florins, and to the chamber at Wetzlar
his quota is three hundred and forty rixdollars, feventy-three kruitzcrs and
one eighth; that of Sulzbacb being forty-eight rixdollars, fifty kruitzers and
five eighths.
§.5. With refpea:,
NEUBURG.
I. To the D u T c H Y of
It enjoys a government of its own, together with a chamber of juftice and
a prefeÄurate-office. In it, indeed, are lliill fome Lutheran fiefs, but the prevailing
religion here is the iJow^w-catholic. The bailiwicks belonging to
this dutchy lie difperfed. Its remarkable places are,
I. The following land-richter and pfleg-amts : viz.
I. The town and pfleg-amt of Neuburg. In it is
Neuburg, the capital of the whole dutchy, and the feat of the government,
tribunal and prefedlurate, ftanding in a good fituation on a hill on the
Danube, and being alfo well-built and fortified, with a palace in it and a
handfome college of Jefuits, which was formerly a nunnery of ladies. Ar :
this

36q GERMANY. [Neuburg.
this place likewile is
held a court under the direöion of the great huntfman
of the dutchy. In the years 1632 and 1633, Neuburg was taken by the
Swedes and Bavarians; in 1703 by the Bavarians, and, in 1744, by the
'
Außrians.
Grienau, a caflle on the Danube.
2. The pfleg-amt o^ Burkhcim, containing in it
Burkheim, or Piirkhai?n, a market-town.
3. The landrichter-amt oi Grayfpacb and the pfleg-amt of MoJinheim., in
which is
Grayfpach, or Graisbach, a caftle, from whence the ancient county of
Graisbach took its name.
Lechfgemunt, in Latin Oßia Lya\ a village, in the neighbourhood of
which the river Lecb runs into the Danube.
Marxhtim, a village, lituated not far from the Danube.
Monnheiin, a fmall town, in the year 1462 deftroyed by the Augfburghers.
Damcrjheim,
a market-town.
4. The pfleg-amt of Maurn, containing in it
Maurn, a callle.
Wclchain^
Pergen,
a market-town.
a convent.
5. The landvogt-amt oi Hochßatt, in Swabia, which contains in it
Hochßatt, a fmall town, feated on the Danube, and the refidence of a
Prefedurate and a forrefter's court. In its neighbourhood, in the year 703,
a battle was begun betwixt the Imperialijh on the one fide, and the Bavarians
and French on the other, which was carried into the county ofOettingen,
and proved unfortunate to the former.
Blindhcim, a village, feated on the Danube, not far from Hochßatt, near
which the Britißj and Imperial armies obtained a moft lignal vidlory over
the French and Bavarians. This battle extended from beyond the hamlet
of Ohcrklaii and the village of Liitxingen to the village of Morfchlingen,
all which places belong to this prefedturate.
6. The pfleg-amt of Lßw/;;^t7/, fituated like wife in (Sw^/^/^, and containing
m It
Lauingen, a fmall town, feated on the Danube, and originally a Rotnan
colony. In it formerly flood a celebrated ^jOT7?^/z^7/;. In the year 1632,
this town was taken by the Swedes.
Haufen,
a village.
7. The pfleg-amt of Gundeifingen, lying alfo in Sivabia, and having its
feat at Gundelfingen, a fmall town, on the river Brenz, which below this
place falls into the Danube. In it ajfo is a caftle.
8. The pfleg-amt of Cmjlein^ which alfo prob:-b]y lies in this neighbourhood.
9. The

.
Neuburg.] GERMANY. 3Öj
9. The united pfleg-amts of Heydeck and Hilpoltßein in the Nordgau.
I. The pfleg-amt of Heydeck is an immediate lordfhip belonging to the
Empire, and was formerly the property of Barons who took their title from
hence. The Eledlor-palatine defended this place againft the Empire, as
has been fliewn above. The circle of Franconia flrenuoufly endeavoured
•before the Imperial chamber to wrefl: it from the Pfalzgraves oiNeuburg and
to have it reckoned in the circle of Bavaria. This pfleg-amt comprehends
in it
Heydeck, a fmall town and caftle; together with
The villages of Labßatt, Selingßatt, Reuf, 6cc.
. 2. The pfleg-amt, or lordfliip, oi Hilpoltßein, had alfo formerly lords of
its own. The principal place in it is
Hilpoltßein, a fmall town, containing a cafl:le.
10. The pfleg-amt oi Allersberg, in the Nordgau, contains in it
Allersberg, a market-town. The Gau, in which this place flood was
anciently named Norrogo.
1 1 The pfleg-amt of Hemmau, in the Nordgau,
Hemmau, a fmall town, and
Painten, a market-town, containing a ranger's court.
in which is
12. The pfleg-amt of Bereizhaufai, in the Nordgau : in which is
Beretzhaufen, a market-town, leated on the Laber,
Hohen-Rechberg, a caft:le, {landing on a mountain, and
Hochdorf, a caftle, lying on the Nab.
13. The pfleg-amts of Laber and Luppurg, in the Nordgau, comprehending
in them
. Laber, a market-town, feated on the river of the fame name.
Pillenhojen, a convent, lying on the Nab.
Arlasberg, a convent, fituate not far from tlie rivers Nab and Danube.
Luppurg, a market-town, lying not far from the river Laber, and anciently
a diftindl lordfhip of itfelf.
Parsberg, a market-town, which, on the extinilion of the Barons of
Parsberg, defcended to the Counts of Schonborn ; and
Raitenpuech,
a caftle.
14. The pfleg-amt of i?£'^f«/?^z//', containing in it
Regenßaiif, a market-town, feated on the Regen, on a mountain, near
which lies a caftle in ruins.
The caftles of Carlflein, Draxenßein, &;c.
1 5. The landrichter-amt of Burg-Lengenfcld, in the Nordgau, comprehending
in it,
1. Burg-Lengenfeld, 3. fmall town, feated on the Nab, and containing
a forreft-court. This place anciently belonged to the landgravate of
Stephaning.
2. The pfleg-amt of Kalmunz, containing
Vol. V. A a a Kalmunz,

302 GERMANY. [Neuburg.
Kahmtnz, a market-town, near which the Vih joins the Nab. This
place alfo formerly belonged to the landgravate of Sfephaning,
Pifkenfce, a village, with a fine caftle in it belonging to the Barons of
Franken,
3. The pfleg-amt of Schmidmuhl : in which is
Schmidmtihl, a market-town, feated on the Vihy which at this place re-
the little river of Lautracb.
ceives into it
II. The landvogt-amt o^ Neubwg, having its feat in the capital of thst
name, and 'being the refidence of a judge, caftellan and an infpeöor of
buildings,
as alfo of the other officers of the feveral departments relating to
the laws, revenue and government of this country. Under it are the following
pfleg-amts :
viz.
1. The pfleg-amt of Rennerzhoferiy which lies in the Nordgau on the
river Danube^ and contains in it
Rennerzbofen, or Ranerzkcjhi, a market-town.
Pertlzheim, a caftle, feated on the Dannhe.
2. The pfleg-amt of ÄrtV/6^r//!l'e/^«, containing
Reicberifiofen, a market-town, feated en the Par, together with
Stockau, a caftle, alfo feated on the river Par.
3. The pfleg-amt of Felburg, in the Nordgau, in which is
Felhurg, a Imall town. Not far from it lies
Old-Velburg.
Adelburg, a caftle, feated on the river Laher.
4. The pfleg-amt of Schivandorf, containing in it
SchwandorJ, a fmall town, feated on the Nab.
Obf. The lordfhip of Pleyflain, or Bleißein, lies on the borders of Bohemia,
betwixt the prefe

Sulzbach.] GERMANY.
36-^
fucceflbr in the eleiflorate, Charles Philip "Theodore, o^ the SuIzbachYmQ, took
pofleflion of this lordfhip ; but the Emperor Charles Yl. having, in 1725,
granted the adminiftration thereof to Count Philip Lewis of S,iiizendorf\ in
the year 1745, it was feized by the Außriaji army as a fief efcheated to the
crown of Bohemia, and conferred on John William, fon to the above-mentioned
Count Sinzendorf. This lordfhip contains in it
Bleißein, a fmall town and a mountain-caftle, which lies in ruins.
SULZBACH,
II. The Principality of
Has alfo a particular government of its own, together with a tribunal.
The inhabitants and churches here are at prefent partly Lutheran and partly
Romaiz-cz.t.h.o\\c. The affairs of the Lutheran confiftory here are managed
by the government, in which two Proteftant counfellors prefide. The
Lutheran miniftry of this principality confifts of three diocefes ; namely,
Sulzbach, Weyden and Vohenflraufz. The two laft are immediately under
the direäion of the government of Sulzbach, and the firft alfo under its
infpedlion.
The principality of Sulzbach comprehends in it
. I. The provincial-court oi Sulzbach in the Nordgau, containing in It
Sulzbach, the capital of the principality and the refidence of the
regency and tribunal, as alfo of the upper foreft and final-courts. In it
are not many above three hundred houfes, but it confifts of two parts j
viz. Of the upper, which ftands on a hill and is divided by a wall from
the lower part, which is called the Bach, or Brook. This lower town lies on
the Rofcnbach, having in it a plentiful fpring, whence the inhabitants of the
upper-town fetch their water. The Prince's palace here ftands on a rock
oppohte the upper-town to the fouth-weft. Towards the weft alfo lies a
fuburb. The Lutheran church within the town has two minifters belono--
ing to it J
namely, the infpedfor and the town-minilter, who was formerly
alio called the fuperintendant and city-prceter. The Lutherans are likewife
poffeffed of a grammar-fchool here. The Ronia?i-CA\.\\o\ic clergy in this
town are a dean and four afiillants. The Ronui7i-ca.th.o\\cs have alfo a
Latin fchool here, and ever fince the year 1733
a Capuchin convent. This
town had anciently Counts of its own, who took their name from hence,
but failed in the perfon of Gebhard V In its neighbourhood too is an
iron-mine.
The Lutheran parilLes here are, i. Rofenberg and Poppenried; 2. Illfchwang;
3. Furnriet ; 4. Etzelwang, Ehrnhull and Kirch-Rhcinbach
-y
5. Edelsfeid and Kurmreuth ; 6. Eijzmansberg^ and, 7. Neukirchen,
A a a 2 Konigfieiny

.
364 GERMANY. [Sulzbacb;
Konigßein, is a fmall market-town, with a caftle in it which formerly belonged
to the Barons of Breitenßein, and, together with
Efchenfelden,
conftitutes but one Lutheran parifh.
Breitenßein^ Haufeck, Neidßein and Lichteneck, are caftles.
2. In the hinternlande lies,
1
The amt and landgericht oiParkßein and JVeyden, containing under them
Parkflein, a market-town, (landing on a mountain, with a fortified caftls
above it, formerly belonging to the houfe of Erlbeck, and together with
Wildenreuth and Diemenreuth, making but one Lutheran parifh.
EberttdorJ, or Erbendorf, a market-town, feated on the PFaId-?iab, and
having in it a Lutheran parifh-church. This place ftiles itfelf a minetown.
•
Mantel a market-town, feated on the Heid-tiab, and togther with Neuh'irchen
and Rothenßatt in the prefedurate of Weyden, making but one Lutheran
parilh.
Kaltenbntnn and Ereyhung, both market-towns, which, together with
Tannfies, conftitute but one Lutheran parifh. Near Freyhung is a lead-mine.
i^'' 'Kohlberg, a market-town, and together with Etzenrieth, making but one
'Lutheran parifh.
I'huftifenreuth itnA Kj-ummenah, alfo conflituting a Lutheran parifh.
2. The pfleg-amt of Weyden-, containing in it
Weyden, a fmall town, feated in a fruitful plain on the Wald-nah, and
anciently fortified. This place contains in it a Lutheran parifh-church
and a foreft-court.
: 3. The amt or prefecflurate o^ Flofz, in which is
Flcjzy a large market-town, feated on the little river of the fame name,
and containing a Lutheran church.
The ancient mountain caflle of FloJJerburg, which was deflroyed by the
Swedes.
Wdchenreuthy Peucherfreuth, and Plejzberg, all conftituting but one Lutheran
parifh.
4. The amt or tribunal of Vohenßraufz, which comprehends under it
Vohenßraufz, a handfome market-town, having a Lutheran parifh-church,
and a caftle belonging to the prince, called Friderichskirg.
Altenßadt, a village, in which is a Lutheran chapel.
Tlje

Ratisbon.] GERMANY, 365
Bishopric of
RATISBON.
I'he
H E capital of this bifliopric is the Imperial city of Ratisbon.
§. 1 . np
* Various are the opinions concerning its original; but the moll:
received notion is that it was founded towards the year 739 by St. Bcaiface,
with the confent of Ottilo Duke of Bavaria, and that GauhaJd, or
Garibaldi was its firll Billiop, who had the chapel of St. Stephen for his
cathedral. Afterwards either the.faid Duke OttilOf or his fucceifor Tafzilo II.
removed the billiop's refidence to the convent of St. Emeran, but Charles
the Great, after the depofition of T'afzHo, tranflated it to the church of Sr.
Peter, endowing it anew with lands and revenues. The bilhops of this
city were for a long time alfo abbots of the monaftery of St. Emeran. But
on the contrary, P. Haujitz has maintained the new opinion, namely, that
this bifhopric fo early as the year 697 was founded by St. Rupert prelate
oi PFortns; and thus is of the fame antiquity with the convent of St. Emeran.
That in the latter the bifhops had their firft refidence, and were chofen
alternately from among its Monks and at the fame time were abbots of it.
Alfo that in 798 the bifhop's fee was removed from the convent to the
church of St. Stephen, but the bidiops dill continued abbots of the former,
till at laft St. JVolfgang in the year 977
feparated tiie abbey from the bilhopric,
at which time the lands which had been given to St. Emeran were fo
divided that one part ©f them ftiU belonged to the cathedral, and the other
to the Monks.
§.2. The arms of this bidiopric are ruby a bend pearl. The bifhop
hereof is a Prince of the Empire, and fits on the bench of ecclefiaftical
Princes betwixt the Bifhops of Freyjing and Pajfaii, and on that of the
circle of Bavaria between the fame prelates. In the matricida of the Empire
he is alfelfed at eight horfe and thirty foot, or two hundred and fixteen
florins, and his contingency to the Imoerta! chamber at Wetzlar is feventyfour
rixdoUars,
thirty-three kruitzers and three quarters.
§. 3. The cathedral conlifls of twenty-four perfons : the Count oi Torring
is its hereditary marÜial, the Baron of Stingelheim its hereditary chamberlain,
the Baron of P/t"/.'^« its hereditary cup-bearer, and the Count of
Taufkirchen its
hereditary fteward.
§. 4. The circumference and limits of this diocefe are defcribed in the
cofmographical ^fcounts for the year 174H, p. 60. It comprehends under
it two collegiate churches, twenty-eight abbeys and prelacies, and twentynine
rural deaneries, to which belong 1383 parifhes, chapels of eafe and
chajy-

66 GERMANY. [Ratlsbon.
chaplainries, and llkewife extends over the Bavarian diftrids of Holnberg
in the upper palatinate, as alfo over the iRowö«-catholic parilhes in the principaHty
of Sulzbachy the landgravate of Leitchtenoerg, and the county of
Slcrnjlein.
§. 5. Its blfhop, who is a Prince, has his confiftory, his council and
treafury, exclufive of other country officers.
§. 6. In the Imperial city of Rathbon the Eledor indeed holds the bifhop's
court, but without jurifdiftion. To its temporal dependances belongs
I. The free Imperial lordlhip of Donaußauf, commonly called Domflauft
which lies about two hour's diftance below Ratißon on the river Danube ;
being four hour's in length, and as much in breadth. This lordfhip comprehends
under it
Donaußauf, a market-town, feated on the Danube, near which ftands the
mountain-caftle of the fame name, which was demolifhed in 1634. The
ferry here belongs to the Elector of Bavaria.
The caftles o'[ Schonberg and Adelmanßein: together with
The hofmarkte and villages oi Scbwablweißz, Degerheim, Sulzbach, Demlingeuy
Siegenßein, Sieffenbach, Lichtenwald, Menzenbach, and Irlbach.
Near the two laft places the Bohemians were defeated in 1 504.
II. The free Imperial Lordfliip of Werth, or Worth, which, together
with thofe before-mentioned, lies on the Danube, being about two hours
in length and one in breadth. This lordfhip contains in it
Werth, or Worth, a market-town having a caftle : together with
The villages of Diejfenthal, Kirfihholz, Kruckenberg, and Freiikhofen.
III. The free Imperial lordfliip oi Hchenburg, which lies in the Nordgau
on the river Lautrach, being fituated betwixt the Bavarian diftridt of Rieden
in the upper palatinate and that of Burg-Leger/eld which belongs to
Neuburg. The ancient marggravate of Hohenburg was confiderably larger
than this lordfliip, which confifts only of the caflle of Hohenburg, and a
few vaflals and fubjedls.
Obf. I. To the bifliopric alfo belongs
Hohenburg, a caftle, feated on the river Inn, and lying in Upper-Bavaria
in the rent-amt of Munich and the pfleg-amt of Waßerburg, over which it
is poflefTed of the lower or Vogtey jurifdidlion.
Pachlarn, (otherwife called Pechlarn, or Pochlarn) a fmall town and
lordfhip lying in Lower-Aufiria. See Vol. iv. p. 168.
At Eberfpeunt, Euting, and Wildcnberg, all fituated in Lower-Bavaria^
and likewife in the rent-amt oi Landßmt and the pfleg- amts of Vilßiburg,
Aerdi7ig, and Rottenburg, is a pfiegverwalter, or procurator.
2. The cathedral is polTeffed of certain diftrids in Irl, as alfo on the
Danube, and at Nabburg, Aufhaußn^ Pfaffenberg, SchwandorJ, Raittenbuch,
and Chamb.
The

Leuchtenberg.] GERMANY. 367
l^he
Princely Landgravate of
L E UCHTENBER G,
S. i.'~r^HIS landgravate lies in the Nor^gau, being fituated betwixt
* the principality of Sulzbach and the pfieg-amts oi Nabburg, Te~
neshurg, and Ireiiviiz, in the upper palatinate, and belonging to the
Eiedor of Bavaria. Formerly it had Landgraves of its own, the lafi: of
whom, by name Maximilian Adam, died without ifTue in 1646. Now
though the Emperor Maxitnilian \. had granted the adminirtration of this
landgravate to Duke Henry of Mecklenburg in the year 1502, yet Duke
Albert of Bavaria^ who married Matilda fifber to the laft Landgrave, received
the invefti'^ure of it as a fief in 1647; but with refpedt to the other
places ceded them to his brother Maximilian Eb

[68 GERMANY, [PaiTau.
JVernberg, a mountain-caftle, and market-town.
Lue, a market-town, feated on the Nab.
4. The richter-amt oi Mifzhrunn, which is divided towards the eaft from
the above-mentioned diftridt of JVernberg, and contains in it
Mifzbrunn, a caftle ; together with
Burkhartifriedt,
a hofniarkt.
The
Bishopric of
P A S S A U.
%. I. ' I
"
H E bifhopric or principality of Fajfau lies betwixt Bavariay
Bohemia, and Außria, being feated on the river Danube. It
takes its name from Pajfau, its capital in which it was founded after the
demolition of Laureacum (now called Ens, p. ^12) by the Huns in the
year 737:
Vivilo, otherwife named ^/w7«j, or Vivalus, who was at that
time archbifliop of Laureacum, flying to Pajfau, where Ottilo Duke of
Bavaria granted him the 'church of St. Stephen. And thus the town became
and rtill continues a bifliop's fee. The prelates of this place in procefs
of time were frequently ftiled by hiftorians either Antißites, Laureacenfes,
or Patavievfes. They were formerly alfo fuffragans to the archbifliops
of Salzburg. But in the year 1728 Bifhop Jojeph Dominicus, Count of
Lamberg, obtained his bifliopric to be declared exempt by Pope BenediSi
XIII. which privilege Pope Clement XII. confirmed in 1732. And accordingly
it is now immediately dependent on the fee of TLotne.
§. 2. The bifliop's title is, J5y the grace of God exempt, Biß^op of
Pallau, and Prince of the holy Roman Empire. The arms of this bifliopric
are pearl, a wolf faillant and ruby.
§.3. In the college of Imperial Princes the Bifliop of Paffau
fits on the
ecclefiaftical bench betwixt the Bifliops of Ratißon and Trent ; but in the
circle of Bavaria is the laft among the prelates, following the bifhop of
Ratisbon and preceding the prior of Berchtolfgaden. His affefTment in the
Imperial matricula is eighteen horfe and leventy-eight foot, or five hundred
and twenty-eight florins. To the chamber at Wetzlar he pays ninety-four
rixdollars, fixty-two kruitzers and a half.
§. 4. The cathedral here confifts in reality of twenty-three perfons,
though two of their places continue vacant. At prefent the office of hereditary
marfhal of this bifhopric is occupied by Prince Lamberg, that of
hcrtditary chamberlain by the Count of Aham and Renhaus, that of hereditary
butler by Count fVeiJenwolf, and that of hereditary fleward by thfe
Baron of Benzenau. §. 5. To

Pailau.] GERMANY,
369
§. 5. To the epifcopal cathedral, fo far as its jurifditftion extends over
Bavaria, appertain two collegiate churches, together with thirteen abbeys
and priories, and ten rural deaneries, which include in them three hutidred
and twentv-elght places of worfliip. It reaches alfo a great way into
Aiißria. See Vol. iv. p. 252.
§. 6. According to Ertel the revenues of this bifliopric amount to
80,000 crowns.
§. 7. To the principality of Pajfati belongs
Pajau, in Latin Patavia, and originally Bafava, the capital, being well
built, and lying on the Danube, which at this place and alfo on this fide
receives into it the Ihn or Inn, and on the north fide the IIz, which is fo
famous for beautiful pearls. It confifts of three towns, namely ofthat which
is properly called Paffau, and lies betwixt the rivers Danube and Inn-,
of the Innjiadt, in Latin Civifas Ocnana, which ftands on the other fide
of the Inn, being joined with the former by means of a bridge, and
ftanding on the fide of the ancient town of Bojodurum ; and laftly of the
Ilzßaät, in Latin Civitas Ilzeußs, which lies on the north fide of the Danube,
where it receives into it the Hz. The laft of thefe rivers runs betwixt
the Ilzjiadt and the mountain of St. George, on which flands the caflle of
Oberhaufz. From this fortrefs a bridge leads over the Danube into the
road to Paßau. The city on thofe fides of it which are furrounded by
the water is without walls, but towards the land-fide or Bavaria is fortified
both with ramparts and ditches. The cathedral here, which is dedicated
to St. Stephen, was, together with the city, burnt down in the year 1662,
but rebuilt again with great fplendor. On an eminence near it fiands the bi-
{hop's palace.
Exclufive too of the parilli-church of St. Paul and fome others,
in this city is likewife a convent of BenediSlines, which is the oldeft in the
place, as alfo a Francifcan and a Capuchin convent, together with a college
ofjefuits. On the hill, at the foot of which lies the Innßadt, flands alfo
the pilgrim-church called Mariahulj, and not far from the proper town of
Pajfau on the river Inn lies the convent of St. Nicholas, in which are regular
canons of the order of St. Aiigußi?ic.
Pajjau enjoys a very good fituation for trade. The mofl: ancient account
of it appears to be in the Notitia Imperium, v^'hich was probably made
about the year 427, under the Emperor Honcrius, and in which, under the
Duke of Rhaetia, the Nova cohors Batavoruju was affigncd to the Batavi.
It remained under the power of the Romans till after the year 47';, when
it was taken by the ^/fOTßw«/. After that it fell under the dominion of
the Franks, and continued under the government of the Dukes oi Bavaria.
The Emperor Otto III. made It wholly fubjedl, in the year 999, to the
bifhopric. In 1181, 1662, and 1680 it was almoft entirely confumed by
fire, and in 13 16 and 1354, aconfiderablepart of it was alio reduced to afhes.
Vol. V. B b b In

370
GERMANY. [Paffau.
In 1552 the religious peace, which is ufually called the treaty of Fajfau^
was concluded here.
2. The provincial jurifdidlion of Oberhanfz, to which belongs
Oberhaufz, a citadel, feated on a mountain, which takes its name from
St. George, and lies on the north fide of the Danube over againft the town
of Pajfau, to which a bridge leads over that river. Somewhat lower than
this citadel, but on the fame mountain, flands alfo the citadel of Niederhaufz.
Both of them are well fortified, excepting on the fide towards
Pajfau, which needs no fortification, the mountain on that fide being
very fleep. In the year 1741 thefe citadels were taken by the Bavarians
and French, and in 1742 by the Außriam.
Windorf, a market-town, feated on the Z)

Sternftein.] GERMANY.
371
rr. The feigniory of Obernberg, alfo lying on the Imi, and furrounded
by the UppiT-Bavaria?2 pfleg-amts of Riedt and Braunau. Near the citadel
of Obernberg in it is a water- toll.
Rem. This bilhopric is moreover poflefled, i. In Vpper-Auftria. i. Of the
county of Neiibnrg, which lies not far from the town of Pajfau. See
Vol. IV. p. 182. 2. Of the citadel of i'^ö/jr^w/Jt'rg' and Pihrenßei?i, and the
market-town of Ebersberg. See Vol. iv. p. i86. 2. In Louver- /lußria.
I. Of the town of A/öw/^r;/. See Vol. iv. p. 168. 2. Of the places of yf,^ßotten,
Amßotten, Greifenßein, Kinigjtettim, or Konigftetten, St. Andreiv^
6cc. See Vol. iv. p. 168, & fe

372 GERMANY. [Berclitolfgaden.
Tfc
Princely Provostship of
B E R C H r O L S G A D E N.
§. I, nn HIS provoftfliip, together with Its territory, is environed by the
-^ archbilhopric of Salzburg and the Lower-Bavarian pfleg-amt of
Reiclxnhall. Its territory is wholly mountainous, and contains in it fome inland
lakes, as namely the Konigfee, which is the largeft of them, and out of which
flows the Alben, which pours itfelf into the Salza ; the Upper, Hinder and
'Tatiben-fee.
§. 2. This provoftfliip was erefted in the year i io8 by Irmgard, Countefs
of Hcvburg and her fons Beringer and Cwio Counts of Sulzbach, in honour
of John the Baptift and St. Peter, in the wood of Berchtoljgaden, or
Berchtejgaden, and filled with regular canons of the order of St. Augiifiine,
From 1^87 to 1404 it continued without a provoft, and incorporated with
the archiepifcopal table of Salzburg ; but in the laft-mentioned year its original
conftitution, together with all its ancient privileges, was again reftored,
and in
it was rendered exempt from the fpiritualjurifdi

Haag.]
GERMANY,
2. ScheJknhcrg., a market-town, likewlfe feated on the river Alien.
3. The gnodlhafts of Aue, Bijchofs'wije, Konigfee, Rambfaue^ SalzBerg,
Schonau, and Scinvarz.
Rem. From this 2?ö;;7(7/?-catholic country many Proteftant inhabitants
emigrated in the year 1732, particularly from Hcnihaufen.
373
HAAG,
I'he County of
|. I. npHE county of Jiaag terminates to the eafl on the river 7w/,
' being environed by the Upper-Bavarian pfleg-amts of WaJTerburg
and Schwaben, as alfo by the Loiuer-Bavarian pfleg-amts of Neumarkt,
Dorfen, and Aerdi?7g, and the feigniory of Burkrain in the bifl:iopric of
Freyfingen. From eafl: to weft it is near three German miles in length, and
from fouth to north above two.
§. 2. The firft pofleflbrs of this county were the Lords oi Gurren, from
whom it defcended in the firfl half of the thirteenth century by inheritance
to Seyfrid oi Frauenberg. In the year 1509 the Emperor Maximilian I.
raifed Sigifmund of Frauenberg and his fons to the dignity of Counts of the
Empire. The Emperor Charles V. conferred on the houfe of Bavaria the
expectancy of the Imperial fiefs of the Counts of Haag, which donation
was confirmed by the Emperor Ferdinajid I. But the lafl: of the Counts
of Haag, T\a.n-\cd Ladi/laus, dying in 1567, £^i;^z/-/rt took pofl'eflion of the
county, putting off the allodial heirs with money.
§. 3. The Eledor of Bavaria bears this county neither in his title nor
arms : But the arms for it are a reined fteed courant, in a field verte. On
account of this county the Eledor enjoys both feat and voice in the circle
of Bavaria on the fecular bench betwixt Stenißein^ind Ortenburg, and with
the latter maintains a dilpute about rank, but neverthelefs is in pofi"effion of
the precedency. He permits, indeed his envoys at the Diet of the Empire
to legitimate themfelves on account of this county by the diredory of the
Empire, but holds to no college of Counts thereof. The county of
Haag pays to one Roman month four iiorfe and ten foot, or eighty-eight
florins ; and to each chamber-term is rated at eighty-one rixdollars, fourteeü
kruitzers and a
half.
§. 4. It is reckoned a pfleg-amt belonging to the rent-amt of Munich,
having an eledloral adminiflrator, a provincial judge, a treafurer, and ä
fief-provofl of its own, as alio other officers, and contains in it

74 GERMANY. [Emmeram.
1. And principally Haag, a market-town, with a citadel.
2. Ramfau, a cloyfter of Hermits of the order of St. Augußinc, founded
at 7/^^^ in the year 1414 hy George oi Frauenherg, From 1550 to 1593
it was not fupplied with Monks. At prefent it belongs to the AugujUna
of Munich,
The Princely
Abbey of
St. E M M E R A My in RatiiLon.
§. i.'T^HE abbey ol BcnediBinc Monks at St. Enuncram, or Emeraji, U
•^ fituate in the Imperial city 0^ Ratishon. It is faid that St. £/;?-
meram, an itinerant bilhop, arrived in the year 649 in the days of Theodo I.
Duke oi Bavaria, at Ratishon, where he was very amicably entertained by thst
Prince. That after his departure in the year 652, he was falfly charged with
having debauched this Duke's daughter ; that her brother Lambert purfued
him on this account, and came up with him at Helfendorf in Upper-Ba-
"varia, where he caufed him to be cut to pieces. That his mangled body
was brought to Raiisbon, and there buried, and his innocency revealed by
a miracle, for which reafon Duke Tteodo I. in the year 696 ereded a cloyfter
to his honour, which cloyfter in 697 obtained its firft abbot. But at
that time, and probably ever fince the year 680, Duke Theodo II. governed
in Bavaria, who muft therefore be the founder of the cloyfter, provided
the year afilgned be juft, but this again others deny, maintaining the
cloyfter to be older. P. Ha??fitz, who afferts, that the bifliopric oi Rat iston
is of equal date with this clo}^er, and that both of them were founded
hy h\[ho^ Ruprecht in the year 697: He is likewife of opinion, that the
lirft billiops had their feat in this cloyfter, and that the Monks had alfo a
hke right with the canons of the church of St. Peter, in regard to the
eledion of a bifhop ; fo that the bifhops were chofen alternately out of the
Monks, and were at the fame time abbots of the cloyfter. In the year
798, it is true, that the epifcopal fee was removed out of the cloyfter to
the church of St. Stephen, but yet the biftiops remained abbot"? of the cloyfter,
and retained under their jurifdiction the eftates belonging to it, agreeably
to the nature of a cathedral cloyfter, till at length, namely in the
year 977., St. Wolfgang feparated the abbey from the biftiopric, and thus
divided the eftates, with which St. Emmeram was endowed, one part
thereof defcending to the biftiopric, and the other to the Monks. Thefe
laft, who thus could no longer attain the epifcopal dignity, after the death
of St. Wolfgang difputed this divilion, and hence arofe the long contefts
5 which

Emmeram.] G E R M A N T,
which fubfifted between the bifliopric and the cloyfler on account of the
ancient revenues of the latter. About the year 1132 zhhot Eiigelfried, by
the help of falle records, obtained an exemption. This opinion oi Hanßtz,
the princely abbct of St. Emmeram, J. B. Kraufz has warmly combated
in fome writings of his, and on the contrary maintained, that the
cloyfter was far older than the bilhopric. That either Ottilo Duke of Ea-
"jaria, or Tafzilo had removed the epifcopal fee to the cloyfter, but that the
Emperor Charkviagne, after depofing Tafzilo., had removed it again from
thence to the church of St. Peter, and alfo anew reftored thereto its incomes
and eftates ; and that he alfo immediately fubjeded the cloyfter to
the fee of Rotiie. That the biHiops, indeed afterwards, till the time of
St. Wolfgang, retained the dignity of an abbot in the cloyfter, but that the
eftates of the cloyfter were never given up to their management, but always
remained immediately fubjedl to the Kings and Emperors. That after
St. Wolfgang, no bifhop was ever advanced to the dignity of an abbot in the
Z7S
cloyfter, and that from that time it began to enjoy the fweets of its firft
immediacy on the Empire.
§. 2. In the year 173 1 the Emperor Charles VI. renewed, or rather
confirmed the princely dignity, which the Emperor Albrecht had already
conferred on it. The title of its abbot is, By the Grace of God of the
Holy Roman Empire Prince, and of the Imperial free foundation of the Empre
at St. Emmeram in Ratift)on Abbot. He fits at the Diet of the Empire
on the Rheniß bench of prelates, between the abbot of St. Cornelius
Minßer and the abbefs of Efjen. In the circle of Bavaria he enjoys both
feat and voice on the fpiritual bench between the provoft of Berchotlfgaden
and the abbefs of Lower-Mififter in Ratisbon. In the year 1682 his Imperial
matricular evaluation was fixed at thirty-two florins. To each chamber-term
he contributes eighty-feven rixdollars, eighty-three kruitzers and
a half. The Dukes of Bavaria are patrons and protestors of this abbey,
with refpedt to its eftates in Bavaria, which are alfo the moft confiderable
belonging to it, and likewife its beft.
§. 3. The church of this cloyfter boafts of keeping, even to the middlefinger
of the right-hand the complete body of St. Detiis the Areopagite,
which was ftolen out of the abbey of St. De7iis in France % though the
latter alfo maintains that it is ftill adtually in pofTeflion thereof; notwithftanding
which, as well in the cathedral church at Bamberg, as in the
church of St. Vite in the citadel at Prague, the head of this Saint is fhewn,
and at Munich in the palace-chapel is a hand of him. This church moreover
contains in it other remarkables.
The

;
376 GERMANY. [Ortenburg,
I'he County
ORl'ENBURG,
of
§. I. np HIS little county lies in the Lower-Ba-jaria, being furrounded
by the pfleg-amts of Vilßooven and Griesbacb, belonging to the
rent-amt oi Landßmt, and alfo by the feigniory of A^t-ö^/zr^g-,
laid
§. 2. Its Lord and inhabitants are addided to the Proteftant religion as
down by Luther.
§. 3. The Counts of Orteiihurg (otherwife called Ortcnba-g, or Artenherg)
are defcended from Count Rapot I. who was fon to Rngelbrecht III.
Duke in Carintkia^ and born Count of Sponheim and Ortcnbiirg in tliat
dutchy. Thefe Counts have an old difpute flill depending at the chamber
judicatory with the Eledlor of Barjaria on account of their Imperial immediacy
j Bavaria contefting this point, and wanting to make them fubjccl to
him, as they adlually are with refpeft to the feigniory oi Mattigkcjen, in
the Tcnt-zxnt of Burghaufen. In the year 1574 Duke A/brecht of Bavaria,
however, caufed the expedancy to the Imperial fief of thefe Counts to be
conferred on him by the Emp^vor Maxi/mJian 11.
§. 4. The title of thefe Counts is : Of the Holy Roman Empire Count, defcended
of the ancient family of Ortenburg, Krichingen and Putlingen.
Thdr arms are a pale argent, in a fvcXA gules. At the Diet of the Empire
they belong to the Wctterau college of Counts thereof, and in the
circle of Bavaria fit on the fecular bench betwixt Haag and Rhrenfeh^
Their Imperial matricular evaluation is two horfe, or twenty-four florins
and to each chamber-term^ they pay fixteen rixdollars, twenty-three kruitzers.
The yearly revenues of thefe Counts amounts to about 13,000
florins.
§. 5, This county contains in it
1. Old-Ortenbiirg, a citadel and market-town.
2. Neiu-Ortenburg, a citadel.
3. The villages of Scldennu and Steinkirchen.
"Th

Ehrenfels.] GERMANY.
^^11
The
Princely Abbeys?/'
Lowe r-M u n s t e r at Ratifbon.
np HIS abbey of Nuns was founded by Judith, daughter to Duke Ar~
*'
nold, or Amulph of Bavaria, confort to Duke Henry I. of that dutchy,
and grandmother to the Emperor Henry II. The firfl; building of this
cloyfter is placed in the year 900. The title of its abbefs is: By the Grace
of God of the Holy Roman Empire Pri?iC(fs, and of the Imperial, free
highly-noble foundation 0/ Lower-Munfler in Ratifbon Abbefs. At the Diet
of the Empire (he pofleffes the thirteenth place on the Rheniß: bench of
prelates, and in the circle of Bavaria the feventh on the fpiritual bench.
Her Imperial matricular evaluation was in 1683 fixed at ten florins, but to
each chamber-term fhe is to pay fifty rixdollars, fixy-feven kruitzers and a
half. This foundation with refpedl to fpiritual affairs flands under the
bifliopric of Ratisbon. The Eledor of Bavaria is proteclor of it. The
ladies of the foundation may marry out of it, and their manner of life is not
clauftral.
I'he
Seigniory of
EHR E N F E L S.
'Tp H E feigniory of Ehrenfeh, or Errifeh, lies in the dutchy of Neuburg^
and its pfleg- amt of Beretzhaufen, being fituated on the river Laber.
Anciently it belonged to the Bavarian family of Stauff] which in the year
1432 purchafed of the Lords of Laber the market-town o( Beretzhaufen,
fituated below the fort of Ehrenfels, and was alfo pofl"efled of the fort of
Sinching, which lies in the pfleg-amt of Haidaii in Lower-Bavaria, as alfo
of other efliates. In the fifteenth century it was divided into the lines of
Ebrenfels and Siiiching. The latter became extind in the fixteenth century
in its male-heirs, upon which its females difpofed of the citadel and manor
of Sinchijtg to the family of Senjheim. The line of Ehrenfcls was alfo poffelTed
of the citadels of Kcfering and Triftlßng in the above-mentioned
Lower- Bavarian pfleg-amt of Haidaii, and Hkewife of the feigniory of
Schonberg; but came gradually to great decay, and fold off" one feigniory
after another, till at length John Bernhard of Staiiff', the laft of this name,,
alienated Hkewife in 1567 the feigniory ci Ehrenfels to the Pfalzgrave H'olJ-
Vol. V. C c c Z^'^Z

378
GERMANY, [U. Munfter.
gang of Nc'uhurg, with refervation, however, of its dependency. I cannot
tind that the E!e6lor-palatine, as Duke of Neuburg, holds to any college of
Counts at the Diet of the Empire on account of this immediate Imperial
leignlorv j but in the circle of Bavaria he is poffefled both of feat and voice
on account thereof. To each Roman month it pays thiry-fix florins. Its
contribution, or quota to the chamber-terms muft be included in thofc of
Ncupurg, as I find it not affigned in the new ufual matricula.
market-town
The citadel of Ehreiifeh ftands on a mountain hard by the
of Beretzhaufen.
THIS
The Princely Abbey of
Upper-Munster in Ratifbon.
female foundation owes its original to Hemma, confort to King
Leivis the German, by whom it was founded in the year 896. The
title of its abbefs is : By the Grace of God, of the Hoiy Roman Empire
Princeß, and Abbeß of the Imperialfree foundation o/'Upper-Munfter /«Ratifbon.
At the Diet of the Empire (he is poffefled of the fourteenth place
on the bench of i?-6f«//2> 'prelates, and in the circle oi Bavaria of the eighthor
lad on the fpiritual bench. Her Imperial matricular evaluation waa.
in the year 1684 fixed at ten florins, but to each chamber-term (lie is to pay
fifty rixdollars, fix kruitzers and a, half. With refpeft to fpirituals the
foundation ftands under the bifhopric of Ratisbon. Of it the Eledor of
Bavaria is proteftor. The ladies of the foundation lead no clauftral lifcj
and may marry out of it.
The
Seigniories of
SULZBURG and P Y R BAU M.
§, i.T^HESE feigniories He in the upper-palatinate, the feignicry^of
"*•
Ätt/z/^ttrg^ being furrounded by the pfleg-amt of A^ifww^r^^ and
that of Pyrbaum by the fame pfleg-amt, as alfo by the Ncuburg amt of
Allersbergs and the marggravial toirltory of Onolzbach.
§. 3t. For

Sulzburg.] GERMAN
T,
379
§. 2. For many ages back they have been in the pofTeffion of the Lords
o^ Wolfitein y who in the year 1522 were raifed to the dignity of Barons of
the Empire, and in 1673 ^° ^'^^ ftate of Counts thereof. So early alfo as
the thirteenth century they were pofTefTed of immediate eftates in fief of the
Emperor and Empire, namely of the citadel of Adlenburg, or HcitTiburg, as
alfo of forty marks arifing to them out of the vogtey of Berngau. Of the
Counts of Hirjchbcrg they held likewife in fief at
the very fame time the j«j
cajhllania oi Sulzburg, together with the lands and incomes belonging to
them, and frequently at that time fliled themfelvcs from thence. On the
Bavarian fide it is alledged, that the fort of Sulzburg, after the death of
Gebhard, the laft Count oi Hirjchberg, which happened in the year 1304,
fell to the Dukes thereof. In the year 1330 the Emperor Lewis IV. Duke
oi Bavaria, ceded it to the family of Durivang i and his fon Lewis, Marggrave
of Brandenburg, in 1347 to Albrecbt of Wolfstein, whofe anceflors
had been polfeired thereof, promifing likewife to redeem it of Henry of
Dur^vang. Under the Emperor Charles IV. the fuperiority over the fort
of Sulzbtirg was difputed with the Dukes of Bavaria, Lewis and Stephen,
and reclaimed as a fort of the Empire which had fallen to the Emperor and
Empire, on the extinöion of the Counts of Hirfchherg. This lapfe indeed
the Dukes were obliged to own, and in 1353 the Lords of Wclfsteiii compelled
them to reflore the fo often mentioned fort to the Empire. From that
year the Lords of Wolfstein were, on account of the faid fort and its appendages,
deemed immediate feodaries of the Empire. Among thefe appendages
was originally comprized the market-town of Pyrbaum, but from the
year
1480 that town was mentioned in the Imperial feudal letters as a peculiar
feigniory. In 1562 Duke AlbrechtY. of Bavaria, caufed the expe(Sancy
of the Imperial fief of Wolfstein to be conferred on himfelf and his
houfe by the 'Em^^tvor Ferdi?iand\. which expedlancy was confirmed to him
by the following Emperors, and at laft, namely in the year 1658, by the
Emperor Leopold. But the elefloral-houfe of Bavaria being put under the
ban in the beginning of the eighteenth century, and the Counts of Wolf--
ftein deeming its expedlancy to their Imperial fief become extinfi:, they procured
the faid expedancy of the Emperor fofeph for Count Aäolphus of
Rechtern, and the male fief-heirs of his body, on whom alfo it was aftually
conferred in the year 1708. By the peace of ß^ö^i?/?, however, this expectancy
of the Counts of Rechtem became void; neverthelefs in the year 1729
Count Chrifiian Albrecht of Wvlfstein ohtz'med that the aulic-council of the
Empire ftiould pronounce an Imperial local commifTion for the difmembering
of 'his Imperial fief from the hereditary eftates of the archbifliop of
Salzburg and the Duke of Saxe-Gotha. Upon this denunciation therefore
enfued in 1732 the Imperial fentence : That upon the extinction of the
male-ifTue of Wolfstein, to the Ele6tors of Bavaria were indifputably due
ehofe Imperial fiefs which are by name exprefTed in the feudal letters of the
C c c 2
Emperor

380 GERMANY, [Sulzburg.
Emperor Cf

Pyrbaum.] G E R M A N T. 381
it in fief, and in 15 14 of the other half alfo to the holy Roman Empire-
From that time particular mention is made of it in the feudal letters.
2. The villages of Hoffen, Elmamdorf, Bachhaufefi, Könnende rj\ Grofzhf,
Kerkhojhi, OberndorJ, Sulzkirchen, Ohaulen, Kruppacb, RockJ'dorJ\
Wettenhofen, and the Saiidmuhl, are all given out by the allodial heirs a?
property.
3. Zum Grab-, a fmall cloyfter, in which this feigniory is poffclTed of a
right in common with the abbey of Vhinkßetten.
II. The Seigniory of P y r b a u m, in which is
1. Pyrbaum, a citadel and market-town.
2. The vWX'a.gQi of Obern-Hembach diwd Pruppach, which belong to the
allodial eftates, and according to fome accounts, in conjundion with the
foregoing place, conftitute of themfelves the confined territory of the feigniory
of Pyrbaum. But others reckon alfo the villages of ^JJelJchwang, Menning,
Ebenried, &c. in it,
3. The villages of Äfz//jZ6^7z//^« and Bierberbach, together with their appendages
are particularly mentioned in the fief-letters, having been ceded
to the Lords of Wolßtein in the year 1362 by the Emperor Charles IV. after
their firft inveftiture as fiefs of the Empire, which happened in 135"?, but
which inveftiture became vacant by the extindion of the Lords of Hcyivcrk,
At Muhlhaujen flood a caftle or nobleman's feat, which, in the fifteenth
century was the refidence of a collateral-line of the Lords of Wolfstew. The
village of Bieberbach ftands under the territorial jurifdidion of the bifhop of
Eychßadt.
Rem. The above places belong all to the confined territory of thefe feigniories
; but exclufive of them, it is likewife pofTefled in foreign territories,
particularly in the amt of Neumarkt in the upper-palatinate, of other villages,
hamlets and fubjedts, all belonging to thefe feigniories, and over
which it formerly enjoyed burgherly jurifdidion, quit-rent, fubfidy, tax and
military-fervice, thefe places being given out as hereditary, proprietary
eftates. The ruinous mountain-caftle and ftem-houfe of Wolfüein ftands
not far from the town of Neumarkt. Exclufive too of the cloyfter of Seeli"
genpforten, fituate in the territory of Bavaria, the feigniory of Upper-Sulzhurg
is likewife pofTefled of other immunities and prerogatives.
n&

382 G E R MANY. [Hohen-Waideck.
The Seigniory of
HO HE N'Tr J L D E CK,
§.i. npHIS feigniory lies mUpper-Bnvaria, being furrounded by theprefedlurates
of JVolferßaufeTi, Aiblitig^nA Aurburg^ as alfo by 1^)toI,
It is very mountainous and contains in it the Scblienznd Stumpffee.
§. 2. Formerly it belonged to the Lords oiWaldeck^ who were hereditary
Vogts of the foundation of Schlien, and enjoyed the chamberlain's office of
Freyjmg, with other prerogatives. Wollgang of Waldeck, the laft of his
line, dying in the year 14^3, his fifter's foH; George Hohenra'mer obtained
of the Emperor Maximilian his Imperial fiefs ; but this Lord alfo, who
was the la(t of his name, dying in 1487, Hochbrand SandizcHcr, who was
likewife a fifter's fon of the aforefaid Wolfgang, obtained thefe fiefs of the
Empire J
and after his death, which happened in the year 1502, Wolf oi
Macbfzlrain, or Maxclrain, purchafed of the fons ot San/iizeller their right
therein. Since that time, as well between the Lords of Waldeck as alfo
between the following polTeflors of tli

Breiteneck.] GERMAN
Y.
383
this now extinft familv takes its name, lies in the pretedurate of Aihlitig
in Upper-Bavaria, iioi tar from the market-town of Aibluig.
§.3. The Eledtorof Bavaria joins himfelf to no college of Counts of the-
Empire, at the Dit^t thereof, on account of this feigniory, but in the circle
of Bavaria is poffeficd of a voice on that account. To a Roman month it
pays twenty florins, and to each chamber-term is rated at ten rixdollars,
feventy-three kruitzers.
§. 4. The moft remarkable places in it are,
ruins.
1. Hohen-WaMeck, a village. The ancient caille of JVaUcck lies in
2. Schliers, a coUegiate-foundarion, feated on the fee,, or lake, oi Schlias.
3. Miesbach, or Mtifpach, a market- town.
4. Wallenburgf or Waldsnberg, a citadel.
The Seigniory of
B R E I -1 E N E C K,
§. I. T^HIS feigniory lies in the upper palatinate, and the places be-
-*•
longing to it are within the liberties of the pfleg-anat of Neumarkt^
being difperfed up and down in the dutchy oi Neuburg.
§. 2. The places and eflates of which this feigniory confiffs were taken«
by the Imperial general Count John o^l'illy, in the time of the thirty years
war, and raifed by the Emperor, under the name of Breiteneck, to an Impcrrbl-:(eigniory;
and Count TiV/y was, on account thereof, received, in the year
1648, at the Diet of the circle at Wajferburg, among the States of the circlt
oi Bavaria. But the Counts of 7/7^ becoming extindt in the year 1724, in
the perfon of Count Ferdinand Laurence., the fief-eftates fell to the Eledlor
of Bavaria^ and the hereditary ones to the laft Count's fifter, named
Maria Anna Catherina-, who was confort to Antony, the elder Count of
Montjort.
§.3. The Elector of Bavaria, at the Diets of the circle thereof, is
pofleffed of the voice of Breiteneck, but at the Diets of the Empire joins
himfelf to no college of Counts on account of this feigniory. To a Roman
month its contribution is fixed at twenty florins, and to each chamber-term.
at
thirty-five rixdollars.
§. 4. In it we fhall take notice of,
L. The fief-eftates which fell to the Eledor of Bavaria : namely,
I..
Of

384- GERMANY. [Ratisbon;
t. Of Freyenßadf, or Freyßadf, which is a fmall town, feated on the
Schivarzach.
2. Of Hoknßein, a citadel and market-town, lying on the borders of the
bifliopric of Eichßett.
3. 0{ Hohenfels, which is a market-town, feated betwixt the towns of
Velburg and Burglengenfeld.
IL Of the allodial eftates which fell to the Countefs of Montfort; as,
namely,
1. Of Breiteneck, a citadel and market-town, lying not far from Dietfurt,
2. Of Heljenbergi a citadel, which is feated not far from Velburg,
RATISBON.
"Jhe free Imperial City of
EG ENSBURG, in Latin Reginoburgmn and Ratisbona,
by the authors
oi the middle age alfo called Iinbripolis and Hieropolis, and in Englifh
Ratisbon, is a pretty, large, fortified and populous town, feated on the
Danube, over which it has an old bridge confifting of large free-ftone, and
into which, below the town, runs the river Regen. The magiftracy and
burghers here are addidled to the Proteftant religion as taught by Luther.
The Proteftant miniftry here confifts of one fuperintendant and eleven ordinary
preachers. The largeft church belonging to the Lutherans is that of
the Trinity, but they have alfo a gytnnajium, in which are eight teachers.
Of the four fpiritual immediate States of the Empire; namely, thebifhopric
and tlie Imperial foundations of St. Emmeram, Lower and Upper-Mufißer,
we have treated above in their order. We likewife find here a college of
Jefuits, together with a cloyfter of St. "James, inftituted for Scotfmen of the
Ro?nan-cä.^o\\c religion, as alfo the collegiate-church of Altkapell, the
nunneries of St. Clara and St. Paul, and the hofpital of the Holy-Crofs. This
town was anciently the capital of Bavaria, and the feat of the Dukes.
The Emperor Frederick I. fet it free from the dominion of the latter, annexing
it immediately to the Empire ; in which annexation, WenceJIaus, the
Emperor, in the year 1387, promifed to maintain it. In i486, Duke
Albrecht of Bavaria managed matters fo fkilfully that this town, being
fallen greatly in debt, voluntarily paid homage to him; but the Emperor
FrederickUl. reclaimed it in 1489 to the Empire, and accordingly the Duke
was obliged, in the year 1492, to return it. At the Diet of the Empire it
is

Ratlsbon.] GERMANY,
385
is pofTelTed of the firfl: place among the Imperial towns on the Swabian
bench, but in the circle oi Bavaria of the lafl: on the fecular bench thereof.
Its Imperial matricular evaluation was fixed, in 1692, at one hundred and
fifty florins, and to each chamber-term it pays one hundred and forty-eight
rixdollars, fixty-feven kruitzers and a half. Ever fince the year 1662, a
conftant Diet of the Empire has been here continued without interruption,
which Diet has never fince been removed, excepting in 1713, when it was
transferred for fome time, on account of the plague, to Augsburg ; and, in
1742, for a few years to Frankfort. The States of the Empire meet at the
council-houfe. The Diet, it is true, brings in a great deal of money to this
town, but yet does not reap that benefit therefrom which might be expedled.
In it is an important falt-ftaple and trade, and from this place to Vienna
large quantities of corn, wood, and all manner of provifions are fhipped.
In the years 1546 and 1601, fome folemn conferences were fruitlefsly appointed
at this place on religion betwixt the Proteftant and Roman-czxhdWc
divines. In 1703, the Eledlor oi Bavaria made himfelf mafter of it. In
the years 891 and 954,
it was wholly burnt down, and afterwards alfo it
fuffered very frequent and great damages by the fame dreadful calamity.
VoL.V. D d d THE

C 386 3
CIRCLE
THE
FRANCONIA.
O F
OFFranconia in
general.
§.1, /'^F Franconiay Sebaßian of Rothenhan delineated the firft charf
towards the middle of the fixteenth century ; which chart
\^_y
Jl^««/?er has inferted in his Cofmographia. In the year 1638, the brothers
George and George Conrad Jung published another, and that a large chart,
which Lofchge republiflied at Nürnberg as well on a large as on a common
and even on a fmall fcale. At the fame time alfo Nie. Ritterßms put forth
a chart of Franconia, but this is not of any great confideration.
§.2. The prefent Franconia, which lies betwixt Thuringia and Swabia^
almoft in the very heart of Germany, about the river Mayn, belonged formerly,
for the greateft part of it, to I'huringia, and in part alfo to Ale?nan~
nia, the country of the Slavi, or Wends, who dwelt between the Mayn and
the Rednitz, and perhaps alfo in part to Bavaria. Probably it was difmembered
from T'huringia in the time of Charlemagne, and added to Eaji-
Franken. Afterwards the appellation of Eafl-Franken, in Latin Francia
Orientalis, in a limited fenfe, was applied only to this country j but neither
this limited denomination, nor that of Fratikenland, or Frajiconia, occurs
in authentick monuments hardly before the eleventh century. All this, as
well as that the country, in the eighth century, was governed by Counts
before the time of Charles Martel^ Duke of AuJJra/ia, and alfo under him
and

UrMj/r Sf.7/iifeMi/Mfio A

Franconk.] GERMANY. -^j
and his fons Karhnann and Pipin, as likewile in the ninth century under the
Carkvingian Kings, Mr. John Gottlieb Gonne has flievvn in his treatife, De
Ducatu Francice Orientalis. The fame author has alfo remarked that Eajl-
Fratikenland, after the foundation of the German Empire, was never fo entirely
fubje£led to a Duke as Bavaria, Swabia, Thuringia and Saxony ; but
that a great part of this country was, from the beginning of the German
Empire, immediately fubjedl to Kings. Of the Dukes of Franconia, of the
tenth century, Conrad \. was elected King of the Germans in the year 91 r
or 912. In the eleventh century the German crown came again to the
Frankijh Dukes, and that at firil to Conrad II. who was chofen King in
1 124, and afterwards alfo became Emperor. That Prince was fucceeded
in the fame dignity by his fon Hetiry ill. grandfon to Henry IV. and greatgrandfon
to Henry V. who was the laft Emperor of the ducal Franiißj hoafe
that line becoming extindt in him in the year 1125. This Emperor ceded
the dntchy of Franconia to his fifter Ag?ies, confort to Frederick of Hohenßaufen,
Duke of Sivabia and fon to Conrad III. who was polTefled of a
county in the Kochergau ; and thus the houfe of Hohenflaufen became at the
fame time pofl'elTed of the dutchies of Franco7iia and Sivabia. Conrad III.
exercifed the ducal rights alfo in Wurzburg^ was created King of the
Germans, and tranfmitted by inheritance the dutchy of Franconia to his fon
Frederick, who had his feat at Rothenburg. This laft, however, dying
without ifTue, this dutchy fell to Conrad, fon to the Emperor Frederick I.
who was alfo Duke of Sivabia. At laft the dutchies of Francouia and Swabia
ceafed in the houfe of Hohenflaufen.
§. 3. Anciently in the prefent Franconia were feveral Gaus or Fagi, the
principal of which fhall be mentioned. Of the Nordgau a confiderable
part belonged to it, which part again comprized in it feveral leffer gaus and
counties. It even extended through the biflioprics of Aichßett and Bamberg,
as alfo through the principalities of the marggravate of Brandenburg,
both above and below the Gebirge, through the territory of the Imperial city
of Nürnberg and other fmaller territories. The Rangau, or Ratengau,
extended itfelf on both fides the Rednitz, and the part fituate on the right
fide ofthat river belonged to the Nordgau. The ^oA/^-A/ terminated on the
foregoing Gau, lying betwixt the Mayn, the Rednitz and the Auradj,
which at Bamberg falls into the latter) as alfo betwixt the Volkach. Thus
a part of the bifliopric of Wurzburg belongs thereto. Of the noble Grabfeld
znd the lefler Gjz/5 here, a part is to be fought for in the biHiopric of
Wurzburg, the princely county of Henneberg and the principality of Coburg.
The Gau of Waldfafzin (otherwife called Waldfazi, or Waltfaze) lay betwixt
Wurzburg and Wertheim. The Moingau, which was alfo written Moynachau,
&c. extended, on the right of the river Mayn, from Frankfort to the ^fau-
^^r and confequently quite to the county of //^«vv/jdYW. lvi.\hzDabcrgau, or
D d d 2
TubergaUy

88 GERMANY, [Franconia.
Tubergau, was fituated, among others, Mergentheim. The Miilachgau, or
Mukcgau, and the Oringau, or Orgau, are to be fought for in the county
of Hohenlohe. Of the Kraichgau a part alfo is to be reckoned as belonging
to this dutchy ; and of the Kochengau, which lies on the river Kocher, a
part is to be found in the county of Limburg. In the middle age Eaß
Frankenland extended to the Rhine, comprizing in it alfo the Albegau, Angerifgau,
Einriche, Kimigeß:)U}idra, Lobdengau, Loganacgau, Nitehe, JSfitherfi,
Rloei7jgaic,
&;c.
§. 4. Of the ancient provincial judicatories in Franco7iia there are flill
fome exiftent; as, namely, the Imperial provincial-jurifdidion of the
burggravate of Nurenberg, the Imperial provincial-jurifdidion of Hirfchherg,
in the bifhopric of Aichßetf, and the Wurzburg provincial-jurifdidtion,
of which more fully below in their proper place.
§. 5. A confiderable part of the Rafl-Frankenland of the middle age»
which was fituate to the north and wefl:, belongs at prefent to other
circles j and of the modern Frankenland, the immediate nobility of the Empire
in that county are pofleffed of a confiderable part, but the remaining
and greatefl part thereof conilitutes the circle of Franconia > of which we
here treat.
Of the Circle of Franconia
in
particular.
§.i. C\F the circle of Fraficonia, firfl Sanfon, and after him yaillot, de
^^ Witt, Valk and Dankerts delineated land-charts ; but thefe charts
come not up to thofe which John Bapt. Homann has publifhed on two fheets
in his Atlas of Germany, number fixty-five, though even thefe are ftill in
want of great improvement.
§.2. This circle terminates on thofe oi Bavaria, Swabia, the Eledoral-
Rhenißj, Upper-Rhenißo and Upper-Saxon circle, as alfo on Bohemia. It
is one of the fmallefl circles, its extent amounting only to about four hundred
and eighty-four geographical fquare miles.
§.3. The prefent States of the circle divide it in fuch a manner into four
benches, that to the fpiritual bench of Princes belong the biihoprics of
Bamberg, Wurzlurg and Eichßadf, together with the Teutonick order ; to the
fecular bench of Princes, Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Brandenburg-Anfpacht
Henncberg-Schluefingen, Henneberg-Romhild, 'H.e7ineberg-Schmalkalden, Schwarzenberg,
Lowenßein-Wertheim znd Hohenlohe-Walde?2biirg ; to the bench of
Counta

Franconia.] GERMANY. 389
Counts and Lords, Hohenlohe-Netiefiflein, Caßcll, PFertheim, Rieneck, Erbach,
Lifnburg-Geildorf, Limbicrg-Speckfeld, Sei?iß.\'im, Reigchberg, Wiefentheid,
Wehheim and Haufen ; and to the bench of Imperial cities, Nürnberg,
Rothenburg, IVmdJheim, Schweinfurt and Weifenburg. But I fhall
treat of thefe States of the circle in the order they give their voices, beginning
however with Bamberg, which calls over the votes, though it gives its own
laft. The order of thefe voices is thus; viz. Wurzburg, Brandenburg-
Bayreuth, Eichßadt, Brandenburg-Alfpach, the Teutonick order and Henne'
berg-Schleufingen ; after which follow the reft in the order fet down above
accordins; to their benches.
§. 4. The fummoning Princes for this circle are the Bifhop of Bamberg
and the Marggraves of Brandenburg-Bayreuth and Anfpach. The latter, by
virtue of an agreement made in the years 17 12 and 171 9, which agreement
was confirmed by the Emperor, take their turn in fummoning every three
years. The dirediory the circle of Bamberg appropriates to itfelf alone,
but at fuch time as the epifcopal-fee is vacant the chapter wants to have
the adminiftration thereof. The Marggraves of Brandejiburg, however,
difpute this with both, and, though in the year 1559 an agreement was
made between Bifliop George of Bamberg and the Marggrave George Frederick
of Brandenburg, ' That at the Diet of the circle, in the deliberations
of all and every the matters relating thereto, the propofition, direftion, inqueft,
conclufion, conceiving of the recefs and chancery, are to belong
and are due to the bilhop of Bamberg alone :' yet on the fide of the Marggraves
it is alledged, that thefe words are only to be underftood with
refped to the diredtio durantibus horis confeffus, with which Bamberg ought
to reft fatisfied : but, even fuppofing there were more in it, that this
agreement was annulled by the peace of Weßphalia, and fliould the Brandenburg
Condiretlorium ever come to take place, Brandenburg-Ojiohbach has
alfo claimed its turn in it. The Diets of the circle have for a long time
been ordinarily held at Nürnberg ; but the chancery and archives thereof
are kept at Bamberg.
§. 5. This circle, with refpeft to France, is reckoned among the hither
circles of the Empire. In the year 1682, it concluded a league with the
States of the Upper-Rheniß:i circle on this fide the Rhine, and likewife with
the States of the Weßerwald ; in 1683 and 1684 with the Bavarian and
Swabian cncWs ; in 1691, 1692 and 1700, again with the latter ; in 1697
with the remaining Lutheran circles, and, in 1702, with the Ele(floraI-
Rheniß.\ Upper-RJjenißj, Auftrian and Swabian. In the year 1682, the
military arrangement of the whole Empire being, in time of peace, fimply
fixed at 40,000 men ; to the fhare of the circle of Fraiiconia fell nine hundred
and eighty horfe and 1902 foot ; and at the divifion of the 300,000
florins to the operation-cheft of the Empire, in 1707, the quota of this circle

390 GERMANY. [Bamberg,
was rated at 22,696 florins, forty -feven kruitzers. The office of captain
of the circle is ftill in vogue here and filled up.
§. 6. In point of religion this circle is one of the mixed. To the
chamber-judicatory of the Empire it prefents one Äowöw-catholic and one
Proteftant afleflbr. The death of the former is notified by the chamber
to the i?c:;«^;z-catholic, and that of the latter to the Proteftant fummoningoffice
of the circle : The
latter notifies to the circle the director of the
bench of Counts and cities of the Empire, and at the fame time propofes
one or two perfons. The States deliberate thereon, and cither fimply receive
the perfons propofed, or add another, making a declaration of it by
the diredors of both benches to the princely proteftant fiimmoning-office
of the circle. Upon which at length, after an alternately adminiftered fupport
on the fide of the fupreme Proteftant diredlory, a common prefentation
and refponfory writing is addrefled to the chamber-court, and tranfmitted
to the diredors of the bench of Counts and Imperial cities for their fubfcription
and figning. Upon this the prefentation-writing is either direftly
fent by the direäory of the Imperial cities, which at length fubfcribe it, to
the chamber-court, or returned to be tranfmitted to the fummoning Princes
of the circle. If the three benches of the fecular States of Franconia are
not able to come to an agreement concerning the prefentation, each bench
apart fometimes prefents a candidate, one of whom is chofen by the
chamber-court.
BAMBERG,
'The Bishopric of
§. I. f\^ this bifhopric "Joh. Bapt. Hamann has publifhed a land-chart,
^^ which is ftill very defedlive, but in the Atlas of Germany conftitutes
the fixty-fixth.
§. 2. To the north it terminates on the principality of Coburg and the
Vogtland, to the eafton the marggravial principality of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
above the Gebirg, and alfo on the territory of Nürnberg ; to the
fouth likewife on the territory of Nurtiberg, the marggravial principality
of Brandenburg below the Gebirg, and the principality of Scbivarzenberg
; and to the weft on the biftiopric of Wurzburg. Its greateft extent
amounts in length to about fifteen, and its greateft breadth to above
ten, German miles.
§. 3. The bottom or foil of this bifhopric produces all forts of grain, vegetables,
and fruits in abundance, as alfo wine :
among the laft articles are to
be

Bamberg.]
GERMANY.
be reckoned in particular the wines of Altenburg, Beringsßeld, and Zeiler.
It yields likewife fafFron, and a very good fort of liquorice, the latter of
which grows in great plenty at the capital town of Bamberg in particular,
near which alfo are fuch numbers of laurel, fig, lemon, and orange-trees,
that this fpot is ftiled, by fome, the little Italy of Germany. Their breed
of cattle here is alfo important. The bifhopric of Bamberg yields likewife
good woods, and fome battery works. The Mayn, which iffues out of
this principality above the Gebirge traverfes the north part of this country,
and receives the Rotacb and Itz, and more particularly the Rednitz, in Latin
Radantia, the latter of which comes out of this principality below the
Gebirg ; below Forchheim it receives into it alio the little river Wijent, and
after that the ftill leffer rivers oi Aijch, (^anciently Afcba, and Eifga) Reich-
Eberach, Rauhe-Ebcrach, and Urach.
§. 4. The principality of Bamberg, contains in it eighteen boroughs, and
fifteen market-towns. Land-States it has none. The whole country is
zealoufly addidled to the Roman-C'Sit}c\oX\c dodtrine and wordiip.
§. 5. This country belonged anciently for the greatefl; part of it to the
powerful Counts of Babenberg. Of thefe Count Henry left two fons behind
him, namely Reinhard and Albrecbt, whom Adolphus, bidiop of Wurzburg,
attacked in the year 902, but was beaten by them. Count Reinhard was
flabbed in an unlucky battle by Count Conrad, brother's fon to the Emperor
Leicis in. But his brotRer Albrecht wanting to revenge his death,
purfued the faid Count and flew him. Upon this King Leivis III.
caufed Count Albrecht to be fummoned before the Diet of the Empire at
^rebur, there to anfwer for himfelf ; but he not appearing, he befieged
him in his flrong caflle of Altenbwg ; upon which Albrecht either wülinglj?-
furrendered to the King, or was feduced to come to him. to the camp,
where he was beheaded as a rebel. This Prince therefore being the laft
of his houfe, the county of Babenberg fell, in the year qoS to the Empire.
The Emperor Otto IlL made a donation of it to his filler's fon, He7vy
Duke of Bavaria, who was chofen King after him. This latter refolved to
convert the ccur.ty of Babenberg into a bifhopric, which happened accordingly
in the year 1006. The King and his confort Cwiigunda confiderably endowed
this new bilhopric, and Eberhard, the King's chancellor, who was made tlie
firft bifhop thereof in the year 1007, was not only confirmed by Pope BcnediSi
VIIL but alfo exempted from all archiepifcopal jurifdidlion. The
like and even fi:!!! greater privileges and prerogatives were obtained of Pope
ClemerJ IL by the fecond bilhop thereof named Suidger of Mayendorf.
§. 6. Thus the bifhop of Bamberg {lands immediately under the papal
fee, and within his own diocefe may even adl as arthbifhop. From the
Pope he receives, in lieu of a good round fum, iht pallium. King Henry,
the founder of this biflbopric, has appointed the King of Bohefnia upper
cup-bearer to it ; the Ele(3:or-palatine upper fewer ) the Eledor of Saxony
uppc;
'y
9«

392
GERMANY, [Bamberg.-
upper marflial ; and the Elector of Brandenburg upper chamberlain of the
billiopric ; which offices they receive in fief of each reigning Prince and
BiQiop. Thefe Eleöors again invert four ancient families of the nobility of
Francoma with the four under offices : The office of under cup-bearer being
enjoyed by the family of Aiijfei ; that of under fewer by the family of Bibra-y
that of under marlLal by the family of , ever fmce the
time that the family of Ebnet became extind in the year 1728 j and the
office of under chamberlain by the family of Rotenhan.
§, 7. The arms of this bilhopric are a lion jable, in a field Or, over
which is a band argent traverfing the whole. The Prince and Bifhop of
Ba?n5erg, at the Diet of the Empire in the council of the Princes thereof,
is pofi^elfed, on the fpiritual bench, of the fourth place. He is co-fummoning
Prince and diredlor of the circle of Francoma, demandb the voices of
the States thereof, and gives his own laft. The Imperial matricular evaluation
of this bifhopric, which formerly amounted to 1088 florins, was, in
the year 1685, fixed at four hundred and fifty-four but amounts at prefent
only to four hundred and thirty-feven. To each chamber-term it pays five
hundred andfeventy-four rixdollars, feventy-eight kruitzers and three quarters.
§. 8. The highly worthy chapter here confifts of twenty capitulars, and
fourteen Dojnicelli. The Sovereign receives its approbation or confent on
important occafions.
§. 9. The epifcopal vicar prefides among liie clergy, and determines their
difputes. To him lie all appeals from the fpiritual under-court, or confiftory,
which decides in matrimonial cafes ; but from the vicariate appeals
lie to Rome. The princely ordinary aulic judicatory, or regency, confirts
of a prefident, a chancellor, and about twenty aulic councellors. Under
it fland the bye-courts of St. Stephen, St, Gangolph, and St. James ; as alfo
the provincial-court at Bamberg, the pupil-court, and police-court, the penal
or criminal-court, and the office of under-bailiff, or the vicedom-office, to
which appertain all foreigners, and fubjecfts who live under foreigners, ^c.
§. 10. The princely aulic-chamber and upper receipt office have the
care of the Prince's revenues. Each of thefe offices has a prefident of its
own, and the latter alfo reprefents the aulic military council, whofe bufinefs
it is to look to military affairs.
§. 1 1 . This principality contains in it
I . Bamberg, anciently called Babenberg, the head and refidence town,
feated upon hills near the river Rednitz. Whether it was at firft called
Fapenberg, i. e. FJaffenberg, or that it flood there and bore its name before
the bifliopric and cloyfter founded in it, or that it fhould rather be
called Ba'-oenberg, that is on the Berg or mountain, I fliall not determine.
The proper town, as furrounded in mofl parts of it with walls and a ditch,
is not large, but it has an extenfive fuburb, and is in general well built
and populous. The Rednitz interfeds it in two places, out of which three
different

Bamberg.] GERMANY,
3^^^
different parts have arifen. In the upper part, which ftands upon a mountain,
is the princely rt\\dtnCQ of Petersburg, built by B\{ho\-) Lctharius Fn^ncifcm,
in the year 1702 in a new and extenfive manner; as alfo the great
cathedral church of St. George, in which is to be found the monument of
King He'iry II. the founder of the bilhopric, and his confort Cunigwida, tcgether
with a confiderable treafure of relicks and jewels. In it likewife is
the cathedral of St. Stephen and St. "Jcunes, together with the grand and rich
Benedi£i'-ie cloyfler oi Monchsberg, and the nunnery of St. Theodore. In the
middle pirt of the town, which has a communication with the upper part bymeans
of a lofty flone-bridge, are many fine houfcs, as alfo the ancient
epilcopal palace of Gryerfioerth, together with a noble orangery, a fine
church of the Jefuits, who have the infpeiftion of the univerfity here,
which was founded under the title of Academia Ottonir.a, by Bifliop Melchior
O'. to, and was dedicated on Septaiiber i, 1648; the parifli-church
of St. Martin, that of St. Mary, three monalleries, two nunneries, and a
hofpital. A long and broad bridge leads from the middle part of the town
to the fuburbs of Treuerßadt, in which are to be feen the old fjundation of
St. Gangolph, and the Dominican nunnery of the holy fepulchre. The firfl
building of this town is placed in the year 804. In the years 984, 11 24,
1134, 1138, and 1 158, in it were held Diets of the Empire, and in
1644, 1645, and 1673, Diets of the circle oi Iranconia. The Emperor
Charlemagne removed fome Slavi to this place.
The old fort Hands upon a high mountain about half an hour's diftancc
from the town, being for the moft part in ruins.
Near the village of Seehof, which lies about one hour's difiance from
the town is the princely noble fummer-reiidence of Marquardsburg, which
is fo named from its builder Marquard Scbaßian Schenk, of Staufcnberg.
2. The chamber-ofhce, which confiils of four parts: namelv,
1. Of Halljlatt, under which is
Hallßatt, a market-town, feated on the Mayn, into which the Leutenbach
and Eller pour themfelves at this place. Hallßatt was formerly larger
than at prefent. Charlemagne caufed fome Slain to be removed thither.
The villages of Gundeljheim^ Memmelfdorj, Oberhaif, Rafzdorf, and
Viereth.
2. Gufzbach, under which are the places ofGufzbach, Ebing, Ebensfeld,
Herjchdorf, Upper and Zhder-Ober?idorf, Zapjendorf, and Zuckßuth.
3. Strullenjdorf, under which \s Sirullenjdorf, Freiifdorf, Fohra, Hirfchaidy
Oberngreuth, and XJnterngreuth.
4. Geijzfeld, under which is Geijzfeld, Lindach, Litzendorf, Lohndorf,
Melkendmf, Miftendorf, Neuffa, Pcdelndorf and Schammelfdof'f.
3. The prefeöurate of Eckolsheim, in v.'hich is
Fxkoljheim, or Eggolßjeim, a market-town.
Senftenberg, a ruinous caflle. And
Vol. V. E e e Adeljdorf

3'94
GERMANY, [Bamberg.
Adeljdorf, an iron-foundeiy.
4. The prefedarate of Reiffenberg, in which is
Rciffcjibcrg,
a caftle.
5. The bailiwick of Forchheim, in which is
Forchhcim, or Vorchcim, a fortified little town, feated on the river IFifent,
which at this place falls into the Rednitz. In the town is a foundation,
and a Vrancijcan cloyfter. Whether Pontius Pilate was born here, or at
Forchhcim in the Speyergciu, now called Fors, or rather at neither, are queftions
of lefs importance than at which of thefe two places the King's manor
of Fcrcbheim'is to be fought for, namely, where, in the ninth and tenth centuries,
feveral Diets of the Empire were held, and royal afts difpatched ?
CharlemagJie removed fome Slavi thither. King Henry II. made a donation of
this town, in the year 1006, to the new ereded bifhopric of Bamberg.
In 1552 it was taken by the troops of the Marggrave Albrecht of Bran"
denburg, and in J 63 2 by the Swedes,
About forty villages.
6. The prefedurate of Marlofstein, in which is
Marlojßein, a citadel, conferred by Count Godjrey of Hohenkhe, named
Bnmeck, in the year 1340, on the bifliopric.
7. The prefedurate of ScHELMBERG, or Neunkirchen, in which is
Neunkirchen, a market-town.
Schclmberg,
and many other places.
8. The adminiftration of Neunkirchen, in the afore-mentioned markettown,
took its rife from the Augußine cloyfter which formerly flood there.
g. The prefedlurate of Neudeck, or Ebermanstadt, in which is
Ebermanßadt, a. fmall town, feated on the river Wilcnt, and which partly
in 1347, on the deceafe of the Counts of SchluJJelberg, and partly by exchange,
from the bifliopric of Wurzbwg, devolved to Bamberg.
Neudeck, a mountain-caftle, and a ftem-houfe of the Lords of Neudeck,
was conferred, in the year 1150, by the Counts Pcppo and Bertbold of
Henneberg, on the bidiopric» and by the laft on the Counts o( Scbluffelberg-j
but after their extindion reverted again, in 1347,
to it.
10. The prefedurate of Wolfsberg, in which is
Wolfsberg, a citadel, conferred by King Henry II. in the year 1006, on
the bifliopric.
11. The prefedurate of Warberg, in which is
Warberg, a citadel.
12. The prefedurate of Gosz Weinstein, in which is
Gofzweitijlein, vulgarly called Gofzmanßein, a citadel, feated between high
mountains and rocks, and obtained by the bifliopric in 1 160, of King Frrderick.
At this place ftands a Capuchin cloyft:er for the pilgrimage of the
holy
Trinity.
13. The canton of BottenßeiUi in which is».
BottenßeitJ^

Bamberg.] GERMANY,
395
Bottenßein, a fmall town, feated on the rivulet of Putlach, between high
rocks, and which, in the year 1122, was exchanged by the bifhopric of
Wurzburg, In 1591 the Proteltant inhabitants were expelled from this
place.
14. The prefedlurate of Leyenfels, in which is
Leyenfeh a citadel.
15. Ihe prefeiturate of Weischenfeld, in which is
Weijcbetifeid, a fmall town, fcatcd on the Wifent, and which in the year
1347, came, on the demifc of the Counts of iStr/^/j^'/i^er^, to the bifhopric.
1 6. The canton of Veldenjlein, in which is,
Veldenjiem,
Neuhaus,
a citade'.
a market-town.
Schrott and Rockenbruck,
iron-foundaries.
17. The prefeöurate of Hollfeld, in which is
Hollfeld, a fmall town, feated on the river Wifent. In the years 14^0
and 1523 this place was laid wafte by fire.
Saxendorf Schotifeld, and other villages.
18. The canton of GzVc/6, or Schefzlitz, in which is
Giechy a citadel, the original place of the Lords, afterwards the Counts
ofGiech, and which, in the years 1142 or 1148, came by contradl to the
bifhopric.
Schejzl'itz, a fmall town with a citadel belonging to it,
and wliich was difpofed
of in the year 1385 by Count yohn of Truhendingen to the bifhopric.
19. The prefedurate of Arnstein, in which is
Arnßein, a citadel, purchafed in 1385 by the Counts oi Truhendingen.
20. The prefedlurate of Nisten, or Weismayn, in which is
Weifmayn, a fmall town, which came in the year 1248 to the bifhopric.
Nißen, a caftle, feated on a mountain but laid wafte by the peafants ir»
the year 1525.
Bernreut, Neimdorf, and other villages.
21. The prefefturate of Burkundstadt, in which is
Burkundßadty a fmall town, feated on the Wbite-Mayn.
Altkunßadt, a village, containing a church.
22. The prefedturate of Kupferberg, in which is
Kiipferberg, a town and citadel, containing a commandery of the TeutC"
nick order. This place fell to the bifliopric in the year 1380.
Stadt-Steinach, a fmall town with a citadel belonging to it, which was
conferred, in 1150, by the Count Poppo of Hennebcrg, on the bifhopric.
Enchenreuth, a market-town.
Dobra, a citadel, ftanding on a mountain.
23. The prefedturate of Ludwig-Schorgast, in which is
Ludivig-Schorgaß, a market-town.
24. The prefedturate of Markt-Schorgast, in which is
E e e 2 Markt-*

396 GERMANY, [Bamberg.
Marh-Schorgdß, a market-town.
25. The preledturate of Leugast, containing
Letigajl, a market-town, which in the year 1385 was purchafed by the
abbot Henry of Langbcim.
26. The prefedurate of Teuschnitz, in which is
'Teiifcbmtz,
a fmall town and citadel.
Nortbalben, alfo called Nordheim, a market-town.
Hajzlacl.\ and other villages.
27. The captainfliip oi Crcnach, in which is
Cronach, or Cranach, anciently called Crrt;2^, a well fortified town, feated
on the rivulet o'i Cranach, which at this place falls into the Rotach. Near
it alio ftands the mountain-fortrefs of Rojenberg. In the year 11 22 Ulrich
of Märchen made a donation of this town to the bifliopric. In 1632,
1633, and 1634, it was befieged in vain. In it yearly is held what is
called the bee-tribunal, or the 'Judicium Mellicidorum.
Walde-njeh, or Wallenjelh, a market-town, and the original place of the
ancient Lords of Waldenfch.
Under-Rodach, which lies on ths river Rodach, and other places*
28. The prefedurate of Furtemberg, in which is
Furtemberg, a decayed citadel. And
Fürth,
a village.
29. The prefedurate of LicHTENFELS, in which is
Lichteiifels, a town, feated on the Mayn, on which river it carries on
a great trade in wood to Frankfort. This place came, in the year IJ41,
to the biOiopric.
Zeulen, a market- town, feated on the Rotach.
Banz, in Latin Bantum, a Benedicline abbey, which, with refped to its
fpiritual jurifdidion, ftands under the bifhopric of Wurzbiirg. This place
fprung up from a citadel of a Count's there, which, in the year 1071, was
converted into a cloyfter.
Langhei?n, an abbey of Monks of the Cißercian order, in which lie interred
the laft Dukes of Meran, namely Otto I. and Otto II. who were father
and fon.
Vierzehn-Heiligen,
a place of pilgrimage.
30. The prefedurate of Schonbrunn, in which is
Schonbrunn, a citadel, feated on the Mayn.
31. The prefedurate of Doringstadt, in which is
Doringßadt, or Duringßadt, a market-town.
Mittelau, Neundorf, Speierberg, and other villages.
32. Staffelßein, a fmall town, feated on the rivulet of Lö?

Bamberg.] G E R M A N T,
not far from this place, rans into the Mayn, and which was difpofed of in
the year 1385 by Count John oi T^ruhnduigen^ to the biih.jpric.
Stufenherg, a citadel, from which the prefedlurate formerly took its name.
and other villages.
Rattelfdorf,
34. The prefedurate of Zeil, formerly called Schmachtenberg, in
which is
Zeil, a fmall town, feated on the Mayu, and which, in the year 1071,
came to the bifhopric.
Scbfnachtenbcrg, a mountain-citadel, flanding above Zeil.
397
35. The prefedurate of Ebersberg, in which is
Ebersberg, a mountain-citadel, which was purchafed ia the year loii
for the bifhopric.
36. The prefedurate of Burg-Ebrach, in which is
^
3zcrg-Ebrach, a market-town, feated on the rivulet of Mittel-Eberach,
which not far from this place pours itfelf into the Raube-Eberach, and
w iicli came by exchange from the bilhopric of Wurzburg in the year 1390
to that of Bamberg.
37. The preteduratß of Wachenroth, in which is
Wachenrotb,-A. market-town, conferred in the year 1006, h^Y^Wi^^HenryW.
on the bifhopric, and by the latter in 12 14, on the cloyfler oi Münchßicrg.
Little-Wacbenroth, and other villages.
38. The adminiftration of «S^rA/w/z^'/W^, to which belongs
Schlußelau, a nunnery of ladies of the Cißercian order, laid wafte in 1525,
and founded in izbo hy Eberhard, Count oi Schluffelb rg.
Wingerfdorf, Fortfclvivind, liingenhofen, Ezelßirchen, and other villages.
39. The cent-triburul, or hundred of Becbhofen, in which is
a borough.
Becbbqfef7,
40. The prefedurate of Hochstatt, in which is
Hochßatt, a town, feated on th,e river Aifch, and which, in the year 1006,
-was made a donation of by King Henry II. to the bilhopric. In 1632 this
place was confumed by fire.
Lonnerßadt, a village, in which Nürnberg is pofTeffed of a ihare.
41. The prefedurate of Upper-Hochstatt, in which is
ilpper-Hocbßatt, a village, feated on the Aifcb. And
Nanäorf,
alfo a village.
42. The prefedurate of Herzogenaurach, in which is
Htrzogoiaurach, a fmall town, feated on the river Aurach, and over
whicn King Henry II. granted the fecular jurifdidion, in 1006, to the
bifliopnc
Bei'.teljdorf.
43. The prefedurate of Upper-Scheinfeld, is environed by the principality
of Si-'hwarzenberg, and contain^ i:. it
IJpper-Scheinfeldy a market-town, together with other places.
44. The canton of Vilfeck hes in the upper-palatinate, containing in it
Viljeck^

§.
39» GERMANY. [Wurzburg.
Vilfeck, a fmall town and citadel, feated on. the Vils, and which» in the
years 1634 and 1641, was laid walle by the enemy, but again reftored.
Rem. I, To the provoftfliip of the chapter belongs a part of the manor
of Fürth, of which more (hall be faid under the marggravial principality
of Brandenburg-Onolzbach below the Gebtrg. 2. The abbey of BeiiediSline
Monks of Weiffenohe, or Weijfenoe, otherwife called Weijenau, and in Latin
Alba Augia Nanjcorum., in the neighbourhood of the town of Graft nberg\
as aUb that of Michelfeld, lituated not far from Aurbach, and which belong
to the ecclefiaftical jurifdidion of Bamberg, have been mentioned before
3. Of the prefe£turates, places, and eftates of the bifliopric of Bamberg
in the dutchy of Carinihia an account has already been given in
Vol. IV.
H'he Bishopric 0/*
TT U R Z B U R G,
§. I. r\ F the bifliopric of Wurzburg, J.
H S. (that is, Seyfrid) has dc-
^-^ lineated a chart, which yohn Hofmann of Nürnberg engraved,
after whofe death "John Bapt. Homann obtained the plates, and publiflied
it with fome further improvements, and at length fent abroad under his
own name fomewhat more accurate. The laft of thefe charts is to be
found in t\\t Atlas oi G^rwa«)' number fixty-feveu.
§. 2. This principality terninates to the eaft on the bifhopric o^ Bamberg, the
principality oi Schwarzenberg, the county of Caßell, the Limburg feigniory of
Speckjeld, the marggravial principality of Brandenburg-Onolzbach below the
Gebirg, and ihe {t\gn\oxy oi Rothenburg; to the fouth on the county of //

Wurzburg.] GERMANY.
.
399
§. 4. In this principality we find thirty-three boroughs and about ten
market-towns, Provincial-States it has none.
§. 5. The prevailing religion here is the TJöw^ff-catholic ; bat there are
aMo Lutheran and Cdviniß churches within the ecclefiaftical jurifdidion and
territory of JVurzburg, which from time to time, prefer to the Diets of
the Empire grievous complaints of oppreflion and injuftice.
In the fixteenth
century this bifhopric abounded in proteflant inhabitants. To the ecclefialiical
jurifdidion of the bißiopric of Wurzburg belong fixteen land-deanries,
which are held at Buchheim (in the archbiOiopric of Mcniz) at Buhlcrthait^
Detielbach, Ebeni., Ipbofen, Gerolzhojen, and Korlßadt, (in the laft of which
are two, namely one for the upper and one ior the lower diftrid) at Krautheim
(in the eledorateof Aft'«/2;j ä.tMellerichßadt, and Mcrgentheim, (the latter of
which belongs to the high and Teutonick mafterdoin,) at M^j/zbach in the
eledorate palatine, at Mu7inerßadt, and Neckar-Ulm, (which latter lies in
the mafterdom of Mergentheim,) at Ochfenfurt, and Schhißelfeld ; and
nineteen prelatures, to which are, moreover to be added three noble foundations.
§. 6. It is true, that the holy Bifliop Kilian came about the year 686^^
for the firft time, to Wurzburg, where at that time refided Gozbert Duke
of I'buringia, whom he baptized in the year 687. But yet he was nut the
fix^Y)\i[^o^ of Wurzburg, St. Burchard ürd obtaining this office about the
year 741, being alfo placed there and confecrated by St. Boniface. On this
Bifhop Burchard the Frankiß) King Pipin conferred the dutchy of
JFrankenland, as underftood at this day : But it being demonftrable that
the modern Frankenland was, in the time of King Pipin, no peculiar and
feparate country, and that the name of Eafl-Franken, or Frankenland, was
not then appropriated to the modern Frankenland, fo King Pipin could not
have made a donation of the prefent dutchy of Frankenland to the church of
IVurzburg. In the ads of the Emperor Lewis I, and likewife in thofe of Arnulph,
are adduced twenty-fix churches, together with certain marks, tithes,
and arriere-bans, which Karlmann, Pipin, and other religious people made
a donation of to St. Burchard and the church of Wurzburg ; but by thefe
can neither the extent of the epifcopal jurifdidion, nor that of the
dutchy be proved, efpecially as before, namely, both under and after Karlmann
and Pipin there were indifputably Counts in Frankenland. And juft
as little does the tenth part of certain royal incomes from Faß-Frankenland,
which was beftowed on tiie church of Wurzburg, together with the right
of receiving the ^lavi into the eftates of the church, and the immunity
imparted to it, ferve as a proof of the dutchy. Neither can the ducal title,
which the bifhops of Wurzburg bear at this day, be derived from Charlemagne,
C'jnrad \. Henry I. Otto I. II. and III. Äv/ry II. or Conrad II.
For either the ads, which are produced in fupport of them, are fpurious,
or no mention is made in them of the dutchy of Frankenland. One ad
extant

-
4oa GERMANY. [Wurzburg.
extant of the Emperor HeJiry V. confirms to the bifhops of Wxirzburg only
the jurifdiftion over the eftates of their church ; and though even that ad:
produced, had no figns of fpurioufnefs
of the Emperor Frederick, I. which is
about it, yet it proves the dignity of a Duke of Fi-ankenland juft as httle as
the carrying a fword before them, and the hereditary aulic officers do ; for
the former barely (hews their temporal jurifdidlion, and the latter this bi-
(hopric enjoys in common with other German fees. The bifliops of V/iirzburg,
however, began, towards the middle of the fifteenth century, to ftile
themfelves Dukes of Frankenland, and it is generally held that Bifhop Godfrey
was the firlt who made ufe of that title. But it appears that his predeceflbr
Sigifmund, born Duke of Saxony, alfo ftiled himfelf, on account of
this defcent,
fimply a Duke, and that without the addition of Franken/and,
as he then alfo firft inferted the fword in the epifcopal feal, whereas the
bilhops, hi? predecefTors, were reprefented in the feal only with a crofier.
His fucceflbr Godfrey not only retained the fword in the feal, but alfo the
title of Duke, and added to it that of Eaß-Frankenland, which latter tide,
however, was not always ufed. Such an addition was the eafier brought
about as thefe prelates at that time frequently ftiled themfelves Bilhops of
Wurzburg, and Dukes of Frankenland. The fucceeding bilhops alfo retained
that title, but it cannot be maintained that the bilhopric acquired thereby
any new rights. And though the Emperor Charles IV. by an act palkd in
November, 1347, either conferred on, or confirmed to the bilhopric of
Wurzbiirg, on account of the dutchy of Frankenland, which belons^ed
thereto of old, the provincial tribunal of Frankenland; yet the Emperor
only took that for granted which had been aliedged to him concerning
the ancient rights ot the church of Wiirzburg ; my he even ifiued this letter
at a time when the validity of his elecflion was not yet decided ; and in his
fucceeding letters of confirmation, which he conferred on the bilhopric of
Wurzhirg, nothing occurs concerning the dutchy and provincial tribunal
in Frankenland. Nor did the Emperors Wenzel, Sigifmund, or Frederick
III. nor even at the beginning Maximilian I. invert the bifliops of
Wurzhurg with the dutchy of Frankenland. We find, indeed, in an adl
of that Emperor's, bearing date 15 10, a confirmation of the dutchy ci Frankenlaiid;
but a bare confirmation gives no new right, and is of no avail when
which the fuc-
that right has not been aftually granted by the predecefibt^,
•
cefilbrs thus confirm.
§. 7. The title of this bilhop is •'
Of the holy Roman Empire Prince,
and Bi/hop of Wurzburg, and Duke of Eaft-Frankenland. His arms, on
account of the bifliopric, are an enfign gules and argent, obliquely waving
"and quartered, and fupported on a lance Or, in a field ixrte ; and on account
of the dutchy of Frnnkenland ^ crofs-ftriped quarterly ^//A'j and argent,
with three points terminating^r

V/urzbiirg.] GERMANY, 401
§. 8. The bilhops of Wurzbiirg caufe a naked fword to be carried before
them. In the year 1752 Pope Benedict Y^AS^ . granted them the privileges
ef bearing the archiepilcopal pall and crofs ; but in other refpefts they are
fuffragans to the archbilliops oi Mentz. At the Diet of the Empire die Prince
and BiHiop of Wurzburg is pofTefled of the fifth place on the fpiritual bench
in the council of the Princes of the Empire ; but in that of the circle of
Fraticonia he has, on account of this bilhopric, the firll voice. His Imperial
matricular evaluation amounts at preient to eight hundred and fifty
florins ; but in this is alfo included the evaluation of the feigniory of Reigelsberg,
as alfo thofe of tlie Imperial villages of Gochheim and Seunfeld, ~
though not that likewife of the IVurzburg fliare in the country of He?2?2ebcrg.
The latter alfo is not included in the Wurzhurg evaluation to a chamber-term,
which amounts to eight hundred and twenty-fix rixdollars.
§. 9. The highly worthy chapter here conhfts of twenty-two capitulars,
and thirty dornt celli. The four hereditary offices of the bifliopric probably
exifted before the time of the Emperor Frederick I.
§. 10. What is called the Imperial provincial tribunal of the dutchy of
Franconia is properly a Wurzbiirg provincial tribunal, which the biHiops
appoint in their principality, by virtue of their fovereignty, as the nei

402 GERMANY. [Wurzburg.
I. The capital town, and the princely prefedlurates.
I. Wurzburg^ in Latin JVirceburgum, and alfo fo early as before the clofe
of the tenth century called Herbipolis., the head and relidence town, lying
on the river Ma\n, and being well fortified and further defended by the fort
of Marienberg, or Frauenberg, which ftands on a high and rocky mountain
without the town ; in which is an epifcopal palace and a well provided
magazine, as alfo a church, from whence the mountain and the palace
have their name, and which is the oldeft church in all Franconia. The
town itfelf is divided into eight parts, viz. into four quarters and four fuburbs,
containing the new princely refidence-palace j a very noble building,,
of which bifliop "^john Philip Francis, Count oi Schonborn., laid the groundfione
in the year 1720 ; and which bifliop Frederick Charles, who was alfo
a Count of Schonborn, finifhed. The noble cathedral church of St. Kilian
alfo lies here, and nigh it ftands the remarkable burying-chapel of the houfe
of Schonborn ;
together with the collegiate-church of St. John the Evangelift
in New-Miinßer, which at firft was called 'The houfe of the Saviour; the collegiate
and paridi -church adVtrumque S. Johan/iem in Haugis ; the pariflichurch
and foundation of St. Burchard, Inftituted for noblemen ; the
parilli-church of St. Peter and St. Gertrud in Plcichach ; the foundation of
St. Ann, inftituted for ladies ; the abbies of Be/iedi^ine Monks of the order
of St. Stephen and St. James, a college of Jefuits, four monafteries and two
nunneries ;
as alfo a houfe and a church of the Teutonick order, together with.
a houfe and church of the order of Si.John, an univerfity, firft founded in the
year 1403, and vVhich after falling to decay, was reftored again in J 582 by
bilhop Julius, and confecrated in 159
i with another church*, and a college
or feminary dedicated to St. Kilian ; the great hofpital of St. Julian, in
which alfo is a church; the aulic, the Theodorian, and the burgher- hofpitals.
Over the town is fet a vicedom, under which ftand the town-council
and the pledge-houfe, together with the tax and impoft-offices. Here
is alfo a foundery for cannon and bells. At what time and by whom the
palace, and after that the town of Wurxburg were built is uncertain. But
the former was anciently the leat of certain Thuringian Dukes. In the
years 960, 1168, 1246 and 1286, fome Diets of the Empire were held
here. In 1587 bifliop Julius baniflaed four Proteftant counfellors and
many bura;hers out of the town ; but the refidue of the Proteftant inhabitants,
which conftituted almoft one half of the burgherfliip, he brought back
to the i^o«i//j church. In 163 i the town and palace were taken by the
Swedes.
* To this church belong the revenues of the ancient cloyfter of Marienburghaufeti, which
lies not far from Hasfurt, together with thofe of Haufen, feated above Kijzingen. It likewife
draws to itfelf ether incomes from tlie villages of B'lmfdd, Breidenfee, Kreutzthal, Munchhof,
Sodtmberg, Wißen-Sachjen, &c.
The

GERMAN Wurzburg.] T. 40
The Stein wine, which is produced about Wurzburg, on the mountain
there called the Stein, is the bed: of the Franconian wines.
Without the town we find on the river Mayn a monaftcry and a
nunnery.
2. The upper prefedlurate of Hevdingsfeld, in which is
Heydijigsfeld, a fmall town feated on the Mayn, and formerly inherited
by R. Frederick I. of Frederick, the laft Count of Rothenburg, but brought
by bifhop Otto II. in the year 1342 to the billiopric of Wurzburg. This
prefefturate has a confiderable growth of wine :
Together with fix other places.
3. The cent-amt, or hundred of Feits-Hochheim, in which is
Veits-Hocheim, a village feated about one hour's diftance below Würzburg,
and in which Henry the Landgrave of T'huringia was eledted in 1 246 to
be German King. This village is noted for being the birth-place of St. Bil~
hid, who is worfhipped there.
The places of Erlabrunn, Gunderßeben, Margets-Hochheim, Upper and
Under-Leinach, Tungerßoeim and Zellingen.
4. The upper prefedlurate and cent-amt of Karlstadt, in which is
Karlßadt, a town lying on the Mayn, and containing in it three hundred.
and thirty-four taxable houfes. This place is the feat of two land-deannet,
namely, of the upper and lower. In the fixteenth century almofl: all its inhabitants
were Proteftant.
Karlburg, a parochial-village fituated on the other fide of the Mayn, oppofite
to the former ; and in the parifli-church of which was eredled a brotherhood
of the Holy-Crofs in the year 1666. The ancient cafile of Karlburg
here lies in ruins.
The villages of Lautenbach and Retzhach, near which are pilgrimagechurches,
and at the latter alfo grows Mufcatell wine ; Muhlbach, having a
good growth of wine ; Himmclßadt, and feven other places.
5. The prefedlurate of Homberg on the Weren, in which is a cafile
and borough of that name,
together with eight other places,
6. The upper-prefetturate and cent-amt, or hundred of Rothenfels,
in which is
Rothenfels, a fmall town feated on the Mayn, but containing in it only
fixty-feven taxable houfes. Bifhop Otto II. purchafed this place to the bifliopric
in the year 1342. It was for a long time given in fief to the Counts
of Rieneck, but after their demife reverted to the bifliopric. The caftle
here was laid wafi:e by the peafants in the year 1 525.
The villages ofCarbach and Greufenheim, together with twelve other places.
7. The prefedurate of Schonrain, which reverted to the bifliopric in
1 559 after the extindtion of the Counts of Rieneck. In this prefedurate is
Schonrain, a citadel and village. £3"
Fff 2 8. The

404 GERMANY. [Wurzburg,
8. The cent-amt or hundred of Aura in the Simtegau, or Sfhinegrundy
which alfo after
the extinftion of the Counts of Rieneck came to the bifliopric.
Aura is a village feated on the rivulet of Simi. At Mittelfinn is a Proteftant
pariih-church.
To this prefe(lturate alfo belongs Oberjinn.
g. The upper-prefe6turate of Gemundf.n, in which is,
Gemunden, a fniall town feated on the Mayn, which at this place receives
into it the Saale :
Together with feven other places.
ID. The upper-prefedurate and cent-amt of Trimberg, in which is
Trimbn-g, a caftle and village feated on the Saale, and which after the
extindion of the Counts of T^rimberg in the year 1376 fell to the bifhopric,
as an open fief, or as others maintain was difpofed of by thefe Counts in
J 28 1 to the bifliopric.
The villages of Eurendorf zr\di Stdzthal, together with nineteen others.
3 I. The cellary oi Aura, or Aurach, which lies on the Saale, and takes
its rife from the ancient cloyfter of BenediSlines of Aurach, in Auracuviy
which formerly flood here.
12. The upper prefedurate and cent-amt of Kiszingen, in which is
Kifzingen, a fmall town feated on the Saale. In the year 1394, bilhop
Gerhard purchafed this place for the bifliopric ; but bifliop John III. afterwards
mortgaged it, and bifliop Rudolph redeemed it again to it. Nigh this
town are fome medicinal fprings, and likewife old falt-fprings.
Together with four other places.
13. The cent-amt, or hundred oi Ebenhaujen, in which is
Ebenhaufen, a market-town, which was purchafed in 1354 of Count
Poppo of Jlenneberg.
Amßmufen, a village, together with twelve other places.
14. The kellerey oiFoppenlaur, fituated in a village of that name.
15. The cent-amt, or hundred oi Munnerdadt, in which is
Munnerfladt, a fmall town feated on the rivulet of Laur, and one half
of which came in the year 1354 to the bifliopric, the other half in the time
of bifhop Julius. In this town is a land-deanry and a cloyfter of Augufline
hermits, who teach in the gymnafium, founded here in 1660 j as alfo a commandery-houfe
of the Teutonick order :
Together with three other places.
16. The upper-prefedurate and cent-office of AscHACH, in whickis
Afchach, a market-town, containing a citadel.
Boklet, a village feated on the river Saale, and near which is a medicinal
fpring.
Stangenroth, a village, together with twenty-five other places.
J 7. The upper-prefedurate and cent-amt of Neustadt, in which is
Neußadt on the Saale, a fmall town, containing a Carmelite cloyfter.
Salz, or Salzburg, an old decayed caftle, which was formerly a royal
r
manor

Wurzburg.] G E R M A N Ti 405
manor where Charlemagne frequently refided for the fake of hunting in the
Salzburg forelt.
Brand-Lorenzen^ Heußreu^ Hollßadt, Wulferhaufcn^ and fifteen other
places.
18. The upper prefedturate and cent-amt of Bischofsheim», in which is
Bifchofsheim, a fniall town, which reverted in the year 1376 to the
bilhopric, on the extindion of the Counts of Trimberg.
Together with fourteen other places.
19. The cent-amt, or hundred of M/fiT^, in which is
Hilters,
a market-town feated on the rivulet of TJlßer.
Auersberg, a caftie, togetlier with four other places.
20. The cent-amt of Fladungen, in which is
Fladwigen, a fmall town, where in the fixteenth century theProteftant
doctrines greatly gained the afcendant.
Nordheim^ Upper-Elsbach, and nine other places.
21. The upper-prefedurate and cent-amt of Melrichstadt, containing
Melrichßadt, a fmall town, which is the feat of a land-deanry, and near
which in the year 1077 a battle was fought between the Emperor Henry IV.
and Duke Ritdolphus of Sivabia.
Stockeim, Upper-Strey, and fix other places.
22. The cloyfter and provoft-amt of Wechterfwinkel takes its rife from
which formerly ftood here,
the ancient Cißercian cloyfter oiJVechterJivinkel,
and has always a canon for its provoft, comprizing in it feven other places.
23. The upper-prefedurate and cent-amt of Konigshofen in the
Grabfeld, in which is
Kottigfjofen in the Grabjeld, in Latin named Regis Curia in Arvis, a fmall
but well fortified town feated on the river Saale, and which in the year 1305
was purchafed for the bifhopric.
Alßeben, Eyerhaußn, Upper-Eßzfeld, Ottelmanßiaufen^ and feven other
places,
24. The cent-amt of Suhfeldy in which is-
Sulzfeld, Saal, and five other villages.
25. The ccxxi-zmi oi Lniiringen, containing
Lauringen, a fmall town feated on the rivulet of Laur.-
Together with feven other places.
26. The prefedurate of Rothenstein, a ruinous citadel, which in
1354 was purchafed of Count Eberhard oi Wurteinberg. In this prefecturate
is
Hofheim, ä market-town, and
Eichelfdorf SiX\d Rugheim, containing Proteflant churches. The latter of
thefe villages is a co-hereditary eftate :
Together with fourteen other places,
27. The

40 6 GERMANY. [Wurzburg.
27. The cent-amt of Sefzlach, in which is
Sefzlach, a fmall town,
Belides eleven other places.
28. The upper-prefedurate and cent-amt of Ebern, in which is
Ehern, a fmall town feated on the rivulet of ß^awörA, and the refidence
oS. a land-deanry:
Together with twenty-three other places.
29. The cent-amt of Eltmann, in which is
Eltmann., a fmall town feated on the Mayn.
Stettjeld, and fourteen other places.
30. The upper-prefedturate and cent-amt of Haszfurt, in which Is
Hafzfiirt, a fmall town lying on the Mayn.
Prappach, Upper- Schioappach, and eighteen other places.
31. The upper-prefedurate and cent-amt of Maynberg, which was
purchafed by biihop Conrad IV. of the Counts of Henneberg for the fum of
120,000 guldens. This prefedturate contains in it
Mayiiberg, a citadel and village, the wine-toll at which Is very profitable.
Markt Steinach, a market-town.
And fourteen other places.
32. The prefedurate of SuLZHEiM, In which is
Stdzheifn, a market-town.
33. The cellary of Pro^or/i containing
Prolfdorf, a citadel and village feated on the Rauhe Eberach,
Together with feven other places.
34. The upper-prefedturate and cent-amt of Gerolzhofen, In which Is
Gerolzhofen, in Latin Gerlocuria, a fmall town, and the feat of a landdeanry.
In the year 1586 fixty-feven Proteftant families were banifhed
this town.
Together with feventeen other places. The ancient mountain-citadel of
ZabeWein which formerly ftood here was in 1525 laid wafte by the
peafants.
5. The cent-amt of Upper- Schwarzach, in which is
3
Upper- Schwarzach, a market-town, together with feven other places.
36. The upper-prefedturate and cent-amt of ScHLussELFELD, which is
environed by the bifliopric of Bamberg, and contains in it
Schhißelfeld,
a fmall town where in the year 823 a parifli was ereded for
the Slavi, who had been removed thither. In 1390 this place came by a
thorough exchange from the biihopric of Bamberg to that of Wurzburg. In
it is a land-deanry.
Together with nine other places and fix befides, which are intermixed
with foreign domains.
37. The cent-amt oi Markt-Bibart is alfo environed by the bifliopric of
Bamberg, and from that bifliopric came by exchange in the year 1390 to
the bidiopric of Wurzburg. In it is Markt-

GERMANY,
Markt-Bibart^ a market-town.
And feven other places.
Wiirzbiirg.]
38. The cent-amt of i/>/6ö/(';7, in which is
Iphofen, a fmall town, containing a land-deanry. This place ancientlj
belonged to the Counts of CaJIell, and from it large quantities of wine arc
exported.
Not far too from hence lies the Augußine cloyfler of Birklwgen.
Together with three other places.
39. Tiie kellerey of Great-Langheim, fituated in the village of that name,
and the citadel of which was reduced to aflies by the peafants in the year
1525-
40. The prefedlurate of "Volkach, containing
Volkach, a fmall town feated on the Mayn, and which anciently belonged
to the Counts of Caßell.
From this place alfo much wine is exported.
Oppofite to the town on the. other fide of the Mayn lies the charter-houfe
of A/iheitn.
Nordheiniy in which is produced an extreme good wine.
Sommeracb am Sand, a borough, alfo noted for a good-flavoured wine,
and belonging to the cloyfler of Mimßer-Schwarzach.
41. The cent-amt of tVerneck, in which is
iVerneck,
a fine citadel and village lying on the river Weren.
Schnackenivert, and fifteen other places.
42. The upper-prefedurate and cent-amt of Arnstein, containing^
Anißein, a fmall town feated on the Weren^ and in which is an hofpital
«reded by billiop Maurice oi Hiitten. Count Conrad oi Tritiiberg conferredthis
place in the year 1292 on the bifliopric.
Binsfeld,
and twenty-two other places.
43. The upper prefedurate and cent-amt of Klingenberg or Schwanfeld,
in which is a fine growth of wine.
Klingenberg^ a citadel and village. Together with
Schwanfeld,
and feven other places.
44. The prefedurate of Proselzheim with Rimpar, in which is-
Profelzheim, a market-town.
Rimpar, a citadel and village..
And ten other places.
45. The upper-prefedurate of Dettelbach, in which is
JDettelbach, a fmall town feated on the Mayn, and containing a landdeanry.
Near it ftands a church, in which adoration is paid to a celebrated
image of the Virgin, and clofe by which a Fraficißajz cloyfler has alfo been
built.
Schwarzacby a fmall town lying on the Mayn, and containing a cloyfler
of BenediSlines.
Together with three other places..
4,6. Thet
407

4o8 GERMANY. [Wurzburg.
46. The upper-prefedturate and cent-amt of Kitzingen, in which is
Kitzinger!, a town, feated on the Mayn, and owing its rife to the noble
Benediäine nunnery which formerly flood here, being erected in the year
745, by Duke Pipiji and his daughter Adelheid; but on its fite at prefent
ftands an U'fuline nunnery, befides which here is alfo a Capuchin
cloyfter. In that part too now occupied by the inner town, was formerly
a place named Gottsfeld ; and the fuburbs, which were eredted in
the year 1524, are called Etwaß:aufe}i. The inhabitants of this place are
moftly Proteftants, and have had a church with two preachers to it ever
fince the year 1720 in the above-mentioned fuburb. Anciently this place
belonged to the Counts of Hohenlohe, of whom both the bifhopric of Wurzburg
and the Marggraves of Braiidenburg purchafed to themfelves a fliare
therein. In 1443, Wurzburg mortgaged its fhare in the town to the
Marggraves of Brandenburg-Anfpacb for the fum of 39, 100 florins; which
mortgage it wanted to redeem again in the year 1629, but an agreement
betwixt them did not take place till 1672 ; and in 1684 was made a new
agreement, by virtue of which Brandenhurg-Anfpach ceded the whole town
to Wurzburg. In 1266, a battle was fought at this place betwixt the
troops of Wurzburg and thofe of Henneberg. Kitzingen produces a good
growth of wine.
Mayn-Stockheim, Sulzfeld and five other places.
47. The cent-amt of Butthard ; in which is
Butthard, a market-town, together with fix other places.
48. The cent-amt of Aub, containing
Aub, a fmall town, in which was formerly a BenediSline provoflfhip belonging
to the cloyfter of St. Burchard in Wurzburg:
Walkerß:ofen and feven other places. .
49. The upper-prefe6turate and cent-amt of Rottingen, containing
Rottingen, a fmall town, feated on the Tauber, and which, in the year
1340, was purchafed of the Counts oi Hohenlohe.
Konigßxfen, a village, and thirteen other places.
Rem. The citadel and feigniory of Reigehberg, concerning which follows
a particular fedlion below, is alfo reckoned in this prefedturate.
it
50- The upper-prefedlurate and cent-amt of Jaxtberg, in which is
Jaxtbeig, a fmall town, or rather only a market-town, with a citadel in
feated on the river Jaxt.
Mulfingen and feven other places.
51. The upp>er-prefedlurate and cent-amt of Laud A, in which is
Lauda, a fmall town and citadel, feated on the Jaxt, and which came,
in the year 11 69,
to the bifhopric.
Diejielhaufen, noted for a growth of very good wine, and five other
places.
52. The upper-prefedurate and cent-amt of Grunsfeld, containing
Grunsfeld,

Wurzburg.] GERMANY. 409
Grunsfeld,
a fmall town, the citadel belonging to which was reduced to
aOies by the peafants in the year 1525.
Together with thirteen other places.
53. The upper-prefeflurate and cent-amt of Hartheim, containing
Harthehn, a market-town and citadel, in which the county of Wertheim
is polfeffed of a fliare.
SclrMcinberg, and eight other places,
54. The cent-amt of Freiidcnberg^ in which is
Freiidcnberg, a citadel, lying on the Mayn, and which devolved, in the
year 1226, from the Counts of Trimberg to the bifliopric of IFurzbtirg; by
the latter of whom it was given in fief to Count Michael of PVertheim, who
dving in 1556, it was again fupprefled.
Boxthal and Ebenheit.
^^. The upper-prefefturate and cent-amt of Homburg on the Mayn,
a borough, with a citadel belonging to it, feated on an eminence. In the
latter of thefe is a cave, in which St. Burcbard, the firfl: bifliop of Wurzbiirg,
ended his days.
Heidcftfeld, a fmall town, containing a provoflHiip of regular canons.
Anciently the Counts of Wertheim held this place in fief of the bifliopric of
Wurzburg, but in 16 12 it reverted to it.
Lengfurt and eight other places.
56. A fhare in the market-town of Remlingen, of which more will occur
below.
^j. The cent-amt of Ripperg, to which belongs
Ripperg, a market-town ; Hainßatt, a village, and fix other places.
II. The places, prefedturates and kelleries appertaining to the provofllhip
of the chapter; as, namely,
1. Ochjenfurt, in Latin Oxoviwny a fmall town, feated on the Mayn,
over which at this place a flone-bridge has been built. Here is alfo a
land-deanry.
2. Little-Ochfenfurt, a village, lying on the other fide of the Mayn.
3. Eubelliadt, or Eivelftadt, a market-town, feated on the Mayn, about
two hours diftance above Wurzburg, and near which is a chapel of the
HolyCrofs to which frequent pilgrimages are made.
4. Randerjacker, or Rajitzacker, a large village on the Mayn, lying about
one hour's diftance above Wwzburg, and having a very good growth of
Franconian wine.
5. Eufenheim, or Eijenheim, a market-town, fituated between Karlßadt
and Gemunden.
6. Sulzdorf, a village, feated on the Tauber.
7. Tiefen-Stockheim, alfo a village, lying two fhort hours from Iphofen,
and belonging, for the greateft part, to the provoftfliip.
VoL.V. G g g
III. The

.
410 G E R M A N r, [Wurzburg.
III. The places appertaining to the chapter ; as, namely,
Kundorf\ Hockheim, Stelle, &c.
IV. The following cloyfters : viz.
1 Eberach, in Latin Ebracuni, an abbey of Ciftercian Monks, founded,
in the year 1 1 26, on the Middle-Eberach within the limits of the bifliopric of
Bambe7-g, being very confiderable and one of the richeft cloyfters in Germany^
its abbot having the infpeflion of feven neighbouring monafteries and three
nunneries of the fame order. Formerly the hearts of the deceafed bifliops of
it was reduced to allies by
Wurzburg were carried to this place. In 1525,
the mutinous peafants. The Emperor Charles IV. conferred on the bilhoprie
of Wurzburg the protedtion of this cloyfter, which protedion was confirmed
by CharlesY.
2. Bronnbach, or Brunnbach, a Cillerclan monaftery, lying on the
Tauber.
3. Comburg, a fecular foundation of knights, fituated not far from the
Imperial city o( Sivabian Hall, and, till the year 1488, a Be?iediSfitie zhhty.
In is"^!^ ^^^ Imperial chamber-tribunal, after a thirty years procefs, confirmed
the jurifdidton of the bifliopric of Wurzburg over this place.
4. Schonthal, a Cißcrcian monaftery, lying on the Jaxt.
5. Upper-Zell, in Latin CellaDeifuperior, a monaftery oi Prcemonßratenfe^y
lying about two hour's diftance below Wurzburg on the Mayn.
6. Vnder-Zell, in Latin called Cella Dei inferior, a nunnery of Pramonßratenfes,
fituated hard by the foregoing.
7. Theres, a Benediäitie monaftery, feated on the Mayn, between Hasfurth
and Markt-Steinacb.
8. Bildhaufen, 2.Ciflercian cloyfter, lying in the neighbourhood oi Munnerßadt.
9. Neußadt, a Benediäi?ie cloyfter, fituated on the Mayn above /Jothenfels.
10. Trieffenßein, a provoftfliip of regular canons of the order of St. Au~
gußine lying on the Mayn below Rcthenfeh.
Rem. The bifliopric of Wurzburg is alfo poffeffed of the Imperial vogtey,
together with all the immunities depending thereon over the Imperial vil-
which lie not far from SchweinfurU
lages of Gochßmm and Sennfeld,
22»

Brandenburg.] GERMANY. 4,t
Of the Franconian Principalities of the
Marggraves of Brandenburg in general,
§.i. ' I ''HE marggravial principalities of Brandenburg in the circle of
Francouia, namely, the principahties of Bayreuth and Anjhach^
conftitute the burggravate of Niirnberg, it having been gradually enlarged
by Imperial and Royal inveftiture, by inheritance and purchafe. This
burggravate takes its name from the ancient Caftrum Noricum, afterwards
called Niirnberg^ as being the feat of the ancient Burggraves, and probably
received its beginning in the tv/elfth century ; at leaft the firft Burggrave
of Nürnberg, of whom we have any certain knowledge ; namely, Godfrey
of Hohenlohe, makes his appearance in an adt of the Emperor CofiradWl.
bearing date 1 138. Conrad, Count of Zollern, is to be found as Burggrave
oi Nürnberg in an adl which bears date fo early as the year 1164, and
from him the burggravial dignity has conftantly, and indeed hereditarilv,
continued in the houfe oi Zollern, having been conferred upon it as an Imperial
fief ; at leaft it is certain, that from the Burggrave Frederick I. who
died in the year 12 18, all the fucceeding Burggraves have been of the
houfe o{ Zollern. Burggrave Frederick II. (whom others call Frederick III.
and who, as the Brandenburg hifliorians aflert, was already by rank a Prince)
obtaining of the Emperor Rudolph!, the inveftiture of this burggravate in
1273, the Eledors gave him teftimony, that his father, and others of his
predeceflbrs, had received the burggravate of his Majefty in fief; or, as the
words properly run, they teftified that the King of the Romans had in their
prefence granted to Frederick, Burggrave of Nürnberg, all the eftates
which his father and others of his anceftors were wont to receive, to be
held by him of his Majefty : but the King granted to this Burggrave, according
to the words of the letters of inveftiture, the Comicia Biirggrwjia
in Nuremberg, as likewife the Burg which he had in Nürnberg,
together with the right of garrifoning the gate fituated at the Burg, the prcvincial-tribunal,
in which the Burggrave was to prefide in the name of the
Emperor; the right of taking precedency in the town-court amono- the
King's bailiffs, and, as well in civil as criminal matters, receive two thirds
of the dues and penalties paid ; moreover, that he ftiould likewife colle(5l
the taxes arifing from all forts of manufadures in the town, as alfo the
imports on all immoveable goods from the other part of the bridge, together
with the average and hand-fervice during the time of harveft, and have the
right of chace and the third tree in the wood, as likewife of all timber lying
therein ; that he fhould be pofl^efted of the foreft-court from the bridge,
as alfo of the places of Werd, Buch, Sclmant and the citadel of Creufen, and
G g 2 the

412 GERMANY. [Brandenburg:
the jurlfdiölon over the cloyfter of Steinach, and have ten pounds in money
from the bailifFs office at Nia-nberg, with ten pounds more ariling from
the toll there, and the other fiefs, which he and his anceftors held of the
King's predecefTor's. The King alfo, in cafe the Burggrave Frederick (hould
die without male-heirs, inverts his daughters with this Imperial fief: but
difputes have arifen concerning the meaning of the Comicia Burggravia
in Niirmberg, of which mention is made in the letters of inveftiture. The
Nürnberg writers affirm, that this expreffion denotes barely a jurifdidion
or office ; but the Brandenburg authors affert that it denotes in this place a
country> or a feigniory, with the right of fupreme power over it.
§.2. From the above-mentioned Burggrave Fr^i^fr/V/^ II. is defcended the
prefent royal and princely houfe of Brandenburg. John III. and Frederick
V. (by others called Frederick VI.) fons to the Burggrave Frederick W,
(or Frederick V.) divided the burggravial lands among themfelves in fuch
a manner, according to his regulation, that the former obtained the countries
above the Gebirg, and the latter thofe below it. In the year 14 15, the
Burggrave Frederick V. (or Frederick V^I.) obtained of the Emperor Si^if-
7nund the eleftoral mark of Brajidcnburg, and after the death of John III.
his brother, alfo the countries fituated above the Gebirg. His eldeft fon,
the Marggrave John, ceded to his next brother the right of primogeniture
and the fucceffion to the eledlorate and lands thereof; upon v/hich the old
Eleiflor divided his countries among his fons in fuch a manner that the
elded, Marggrave John, obtained the Francotiian principality above the
Gebirg ; the fecond, namely, the Marggrave Frederick I. the eledloral
mark of Brandenburg ; the third, "viz. the Marggrave Albrecht, the Franconian
principality below the Gebirg j and the youngeft, named the Marggrave
Frederick, a fliare in the old mark, and had alfo his refidence at
'Fangermund. The Elector, Frederick II. ceded, as he became old and infirm,
and was without male-heirs, the electoral mark to his brother, the
Marggrave Albrecht, who was alfo poffelTed of the entire burggravate of
Nurnbej-g, and, in the year 1473, made a perpetual regulation of fuccei^
fion, by virtue of which the mark of Brandenburg, with all the countries
belonging thereto, was without any divifion to belong to the ElecH-or only;
but the burggravate of Nürnberg was to have only two reigning lords,
one of whom was to poffefs the principality above the Gebirg, and the other
that below it ; which regulation the Emperor Frederick V. confirmed at a
public Diet of the Empire. This Eleftor died in the year 14S6. His
eldeft fon, yohn, was Elector of Brandenburg, and his fecond fon, the
Marggrave Frederick IV. or the elder, obtained the principality o{ Anßacb ;
the third, namely, the Marggrave Sigifmund acquiring the principality of
Bayreuth: but this laft dying without iffue in the year 1495, the fecond
obtained the whole burggravate, or both principalities, into which it is divided
: but thefe were again fliared among his fons Cafnnir and George, the
former

Brandenburg.] GERMANY, 41 j
former obtaining the principality of ß^zyr^/^/Z',
and the latter that of Ansbach,
yllbrccht^ fon and fucceflbr to the former, dying in the year 1557, George
Frederick, the fecond fon and fuccelibr, alfo obtained the principality of
Bayreuth; but after his death, which happened in 1603, both thefe principalities
fell to the electoral Brandenburg line ; on which Chriß'tan, fecond
fon to the Elcd:or "John George, obtained the principality of Bayreuth, and
yoacbim Erne/l, his third fon, that of Ansbach ; the lines founded by both
of whom are ftill in being. Erdmann Aiigujhis, fon to the Marggrave Chrifiian,
propagated the Bayreuth reigning line. On the contrary, his brother,
Geotge Albrecht, founded the collateral line of G^/ot/^./^Z', which, in the year
1726, on the extindllon of the former, became the reigning line, and ftiU
continues to be fo. Frederick and Albrecht, fons to the Marggrave Joachim
Erneß, arrived fuccefiively to the regency of the principality of Ansbach,
and in like mariner alfo three grandlbns of the latter ; of whom only the
youngeft, named the Marggrave William Frederick, had fucceflion.
§.3. The Marggraves of both lines bear the following title J 'vi-z. Marggraves
of Brandenburg in Prufiia, of Silefia, Magdeburg, Cleves, Juliers,
the Berg, Stettin and Pomerania, oj the Cafiubi and Wendi, of Mecklenburg
and CrofTen Dukes, Burggraves of Nürnberg, Princes of Halberftadt,
Minden, Camin, Wenden, Schwerin, Ratzeburg ß;;J Mors, Counts oitlohenzoUern,
the Is/l-ixk, Raveniberg ^W Schwerin, and Lords of Ravenflein
and the countries of Koüock, Stargard, &c. Their arms, on account of the
Ma.rg2,ravatc of Brandenburg, are an eagle _§-«/i?j having weapons Or, together
with trefuil-ffalks of the fame in the wings, all placed in a field argent.
On account ot Magdeburg, a fliield quartered gules and argent. On account
of Cleve, eight feurs de lys Or, ranged in form of an united St. Andrews
crofs, and bordered in the middle by a fhield argent in a field gules. On
account of "Juliers they bear a lion fable in a field Or. On account of the
Berg, a lion crowned gtiles and azure in a field argent. On account of
Stettin, a griffin gules, crowned Or and weaponed, in a field azure. On
account of Pomerania, a grifiin, gules, weaponed Or in a field argent.
On account ol Caffuben, a 2^nfi\\\ fable turned to the finifter fide, weaponed
Or, in a field of the fame. On account of Wenden, a grirfin tranfverfely
ftriped, gides^xiA verte, m a field argent. On account of Mecklenburg, a
buffalo's head, fable, having horns argent and crowned gides, with a ring
argent running through his nofe, which is to be feen in the vizor or fight.
On account oiCrofjen, an ta-^t fable with wings, tail and weapons expanded
in a field Or, on whofe hreaif is a crefcent argent, and over it a finall crofs
of the fame. On account of Jagerndojf, an eagle fable with a filver
hunting-horn on his breafi in a fitid argent. On account of the Burggravate
of ISurnberg, a lion fable prepared for combat, with open gneulle and
a red tongue exerted, weaponed and crowned in a field Or placed on another
fliield.

f
414 GERMANY. [Brandenburg.
flilcld, which is interfeded five times to the dexter-point, gules and argent.
On account of Halber ft adt, a (hield divided argent and gules. On account
of Minden, two keys argent placed in form of a St. A7idrew's crofs in
a field ^z//.fj. On account of Camin, an anchor-crofs argent in a field ^«/t'j.
On account of Wenden, in Meckleiiburg, a griffin Or in a field azure. On
account of Schwerin, a divided fhield, in the upper part of which is a
griffin Or in a field azure, but the under part green with a filver border.
On account of Ratzeburg, a crofs waving and argent in a field o-z//?j. On
account of Mors, a fefs fable in a field Or. On account of Hobenzollern,
a fliield quartered y^^/f and argent. On account of the Mark, a
fcfs chequered, gules and argent, in a field Or, On account of Ravemberg,
three chevronsi ^zv/f^, ranged over each other in a fitld argent. On account
of Schwerin, an arm iffuing out of a cloud accompanied with filver and
bearing a ring. On account of Roßock, a buffalo's head placed obliquely
to the dexter fide and crowned gules, with an exerted red tongue and filver
horns in a field Or ; and, on account of Stargard, a fliield divided gules
and Or.
The Marggraves of Brandenburg- Ansbach ftill flyle themfelves Counts ot
Sayn and Witgenflcin and Lords oi Limburg, and add to their fhield armorial
a lion-rampant Or with a full face and a double tail, in a field gules, for
the county of Sayn, together with two perpendicular fefTes fable in a field
argent, on account of Fitgen/lein ; an oblique filver and three wild boars
heads /able, in a field of the fame, on account of Freusburg ; and a double
towered citadel, argent, environed with a rampart, in a field gules, on account
of the feigniory of Homburg.
§, 4. Among the privileges of the reigning Marggraves of both houfes is
the following ; namely, that in the Emperor's name they exercife the Imperial
land-jurifdidion of the burggravate of Nürnberg. The jurifdidion
thereof extended formerly not only over the Nordgau and Franconia, but
alfo as far as Bavaria, Swabia and the Rhine, and even to Swifferland and
the Netherlands: but at prefentit is confined to narrower bounds, and feveral
States of the Empire, particularly Bamberg and Nürnberg, who appeal to
their own privileged provincial tribunals, refufe acknowledging any fuch
iurifdidtion. At ifirft the Burggraves fat in judgment in perfon j but the
Emperor Charles YV. granted them, in the year 1348, the privilege of appointing
a provincial-judge in their ftead, who is alfo appointed by them.
At prefent it is commonly held at Ansbach, and that four times a year.
From it an appeal lies to the fupreme tribunal of the Empire, but the fum
in difpute muft amount to eight hundred guldens.
§. 5. Both the reigning Marggraves fill up alfo in common a councilcollege,
which has its diredor, counfellors and chancery in common.
§. 6. Both

Culmbach.] GERMANY. 415
§. 6. Thefe Franconian principalities are erroneoufly flyled Marggravates
; for fuch countries they never were, not even though the Burggraves
of Nürnberg have been alfo Marggraves of Brandenburg : and thus they
are more properly called principalities of the burggravate of Nürnberg above
andhdoia the Gebirg-, or, the former, the principality of £fly/r«/'i6, and the
latter that of Ansbach,
The Principality of
CULMBACH, o^ BAYREUTH,
§. I. /^^Aptain-engineer "J.
A. Riediger has reprefented this principality oa
^^ a chart of two flieets, which Seutter of Augsburg has engraved,
but that neither beautifully nor juft. Another chart, improved in many
particulars, for which improvements we are indebted to the labours of
M. F Cnopfs, has been publilhed by Homajin's heirs ; and this chart in
the Atlas of Gerinany conftitutes the fixty-ninth ;
of Bayreuth in the JJfiderland is
not to be found in it.
but the fliare of the Prince
§. 2. This principality confifts partly of the proper principality above the
Gebirg, and partly of a part of the country below it. The upper-land
terminates on the bifliopric of Bamberg, the feigniories of Giech and the
Vogtland, as alfo on the feigniory of Afcb, Bohemia, the Upper-Palatinate and
.the territory of the Imperial city of Nurjiberg, The under-land belonging
to the principality of Bayreuth is environed by the territories of Nürnberg,:
Ansbach, Rothenburg, Schwarzefiberg and Bamberg.
§. 3. The principality of Bayreuth is partly mountainous, and partly has
a very fandy bottom, but this with good cultivation produces various forts of
herbs and fruits. In general this country has every thing in it which is
neceflary for the fupport of man, wine alone excepted. With, refpecft to
its minerals, which are to be found on, at, and near the Fichtelberg, the
principal of thefe are its good clay and fealed earth, as alfo its filver, and a
plenty of marble of all colours, together with cryßals, iron, vitriol, fulphur,
antimony, copper, and lead. Its ancient filver and gold mines are fallen
to decay. There are alfo fome good acidula here. The mofl remarkable
natural cavities in this country are thofe in the prefedlurate of
Streitberg. Among the mountains here the Fichtelberg, in Latin Mons piniferus,
is the molt remarkable. This mountain extends from Bifchofgnm
in the upper-prefedlurate quite through the captainfhipof the prefedturate of
Wunfiedel as far as Eger in Bohemia, or from weft to eaft above four geographical

416 GERMANY. [Culmbach.
graphical miles, and from the fource of the Saale in the captalnfliip of the
prefedturate of Wunßedel above IFctßhißadt^ quite to the town of Kcmnath
in the upper-palatinate ; or from north to fouth alio four miles. Its name
it has from the great number of pines with which it is covered ; but it
produces alfo fir and beech, and in fome places likewife oak, elm, and
lime. From this wood the peafants, living at and about the Ficbtelbcrg^
derive mod: of their fubfiftance, in regard that they burn it partly to coals,
and partly in winter bring it down in fledges to felL It is one of the higheft
mountains in all Germnfiy, containing in it many deferts and rocks, and
thofe very lofty, as alfo numbers of bogs and moraffes. The principal
eminences or mountains belonging to it are the Lojhurg or Liichpurg, in
which is the greatefl: number, and thofe too the mofl: unfurmountable rocks
or cliffs in the whole country, and in thefe are feveral cavities, as namely
the Coßein, and the lofty Farmleutcn, from which we have a free and very
exteniive profpedl ; the Ochjhikopf, which is reputed to be the highefl: part of
the Fichtelberg, and the Scbieeberg. On this lafl mountain on the border of
the upoer-palatinate, about three hours diftance to the weft of Wiinftedel
beyond the village of Vordorf, in a high defert called the See Lobe, is the
deep Fichtelfee, which is about one hundred and fifty-four paces in circumference,
but at prefent fo covered with mofs and bulrulhes that a perfon
may pafs over it.
Out of this See or lake, arifes the White-Mayn, which, near Steinhaufen
in the captainfhip of the prefedlurate of Culmbach, unites with the Redy
which receives its fource above Hornleinjreuth. After this union of their
waters thefe united ftreams obtain the fimple name of Mayn without any
adjunä:, and enter into the bifliopric of Bamberg. Out of the Fichtelfee
iffues alfo the Nabe, or Fichtelberg Wald-Nabe, which nigh Wildenau unites
its ftreams with the Heyd-Nabe, which arifes in the Fichtelberg out of what
is called the Najfen-Heyd, betwixt JVa7-)neti-Steinach and MuhlmeuJJel. The
Eger fifes between Gefrees and Bifchofgrun out of a mountain called the
Heyde, which forms a part of the Fichtelberg, and runs into Bohemia. The
Rojzlau, by which its waters are encreafed, comes alfo out of the Fichtelberg.
The Fichtelberg, Vogtland, and Thurifigiati Saale rifes at the Fichtelberg
in the Zellerwald, not far from the borough of Zelle, out of a fountain
there which is called the Saalbrunn, and runs into the Vogtland. The
Pegnitz rifes in the captainlhip of the prefefturate of Bayreuth) not far from
Moritzreuth, running through the territory of Nürnberg into the Rednitz,
which paffes through the Vnder-land into the bifliopric of Bamberg, and
there among other fmall ftreams receives into it alfo the Aijch, which takes
its rife in the Uw^/fr-/^;;^ of the principality of 5ß)'r^«/Ä. Thefe rivers abound
in many forts of good fifh,
§. 4. This principality contains In it fix head towns, as they are called,
together with ten others, and twenty-fix market-towns. The provincial
college

.
Culmbach.] GERMANY. 417
college here, which confifts of a diredor and council, has its refidence
at Bayreuth.
§. 5. The Proteftant Lutheran church, which is the prevailing fe

418 GERMANY, [Culmbach.
tranfplerced the two crowns, the word Concordant. Between the crofs,
by which the golden pKite was iurrounded, were feefi two black Fnijjian,
and the like number of red Brandenburg eagles. This crofs was worn
about the neck at a blue ribbon. The Marggrave George William, as hereditary
Prince, io early as the year 1705, laid the ground for the order of
Sincerity, which in 1712, on his entrance upon the regency, he completed.
This lall order the Marggrave Frederick revived in 1744, and it is commonly
called the order of the red eagle. The prefent fymbol of the order
h a fquare, white, enamelled crofs. of gold, which is worn pendent at a
fcarlet coloured watered ribbon, reaching from the neck to the breaft. In
the ftar, which the Knights of this order bear on their breads, is feen the
Brandenburg red eagle, and the folknving circumfcription round it viz.
Sincere & ccnßanter. Tiie reigning Marggrave is head and mafter of this
order.
§. 10. The reigning Marggrave of B>andenburg-Bayreuth has, on account
ol the principality oi Bayreuth, both feat and voice in the council of
the Princes of the Empire, and is alfo co-fummoning Prince of the circle of
Franconia, fee above, p. 389. To a Roman month he pays three hundred
and twenty-nine florins, and to each chamber-term three hundred and
thirty-eight rixdollars, fourteen kruitzers and a quarter.
§. II. The princely colleges here are, tlie high minifterial and privyeounci!
college, in which the Marggrave himfelf prefides, and under which
fland the privy-expedition, and the privy-chancery ; as alio the regencycollege
and regency-chancery, together with the aulic tribunal, the tribunal
for noble fiefs, the chamber-colle;,;e, the feudal-court, the confiflory, and
the matrimonial tribunal. The bufinefs of the mines is under the infpection
of the mine-offices at Golkronach, Wiinjiedel, and Nayla. The principality
itfelf is divided into prefedlurate and provincial captainfhips, as alfo
into upper-prefefturates, to which belong towns and amts.
§. 12. Keyßer fays that the Prince's revenues here, in 1730, fcarce
amounted to 550,000 guldens, but that they might be improved to a
much greater fum. And we are alTured, that by good oeconomy, they
might be made to amount to one million of guldens.
§. 13. This Marggrave always keeps up a guard of horfe, and a fmall
body of huifars, as alfo two regiments of foot, befides which a militia is
maintained here, which is appointed by the towns and pre fed:u rates, and in
the captainfliip of Bayreuth confifts of ten companies, in that o^ Culmbach
of eleven, in that of Hof of nine, in that of Wupjiedel of eight, in that of
Erlangen of five, and in that of Neußadt on the j4ijch of two battallions,
tlie firft of which confifts of five and the fecond of feven companies. The
province has its own commiflTariate -office of war.
§.14. In the more accurate defcription of this principality its divifiorhs
iinto prefedui-ate and provincial captainfhipSj and upper-prefeclurates are
tp. be füllp.wedi. I- ^'

Cuimbacli.] GERMANY. 419
I . In the Upper-Land is
1. The prefedlurate-captainfliip of Bayreuth, to which belongs
I . Bayreuth, or Baretith, the refidence of tlie Marggrave, and the firft
among the fix head towns, as they are called, of this principality, being
the feat likewife of the above-mentioned (§. ii.) high-colleges, as ahb of
the prefedlurate-captainfliip, and the mint-town of the marggravate. It is
environed by three ftreams, namely by the Red-Mayn, tlie Mißelbach,
and the Sendelbach. The princely palace here was burnt down in ij^i,
but rebuilt again in a grand and beautiful tafle. The places of worfliip
belonging to the town are the hiitheran principal church, together with that
of the fpital and the Calviniß church, as alfo the Roman- q.\\\-\cX\z chapel.
In the town too is a fuperintendency. The gyrnnafmm iilujlre here was
founded by the Marggrave Chrißian Erneß'm the year 1664, whence it is
named after him Chrißian-Erneßinum. At Bayreuth alfo is a feminary, and
in the well built fuburbs before Frederick^ gate is an orphan-houfe. The
greateft part of the feigniory of Bayreuth fell, on the death of the laft Duke
oi Meran in 1248, to the Burggrave Frederick II. or III. but a part of it
he became poflelled of in another manner. The prefent refidence town of
Bayreuth was at that time but a very mean place, and of lefs confideration
than the prefent village of Altenßadt Bayreuth, which lies not far from it. In
1430 it was reduced to allies by the Hujites. In 1553, 1605, 1621, and
1624, it fufFered greatly by fire.
2. St. Gorgcn am See, a town, fitnated on the Brandenburg Weyher, lies
about half an hour's diftance from Bayreuth, having been founded in the
beginning of the eighteenth century by the Marggrave George William, and by
the Marggrave Frederick endowed with a proper town-council, and many
important privileges. St. S'o^Ä/ß's church, which was dedicated in 171

420 GERMANY. [Culmbach.
1499 there was nothing of it to be feen, the Marggrave Frederick IV.
caufing it to be made in the years 1508 and 1509.
3.
S)t. John, a citadel, a church-village, and prefedlurate. Near this
place the Marggrave George William founded a herniitage in the midfl of
a thick wood, where he ufed to refide towards the end of lummer.
4. Heynerjreuth, a village and prefeäurate.
5. Emtmiviß)erg, a citadel and church-village, which once belonged to
the Barons of Stem, but as an open fief has been occupied by the Marggraves
oi Bayreuth. At this place is a princely adminiftrator.
6. JVeydenberg, a market-town, with a princely and noble citadel belonging
to it. In this town is a princely treafure, or revenue-office.
7. Schretz and Glaßmtteji, two citadels and villages, over which a princely
amt-man exercifes jurifdidlion. At Sckertz the Marggrave George Albrecbt
ufed to refidc,
8. Sanfpareil, a citadel and feat of a treafure or revenue-office.
9. Wonfees, a market-town, having a prefecflurate-office. The Emperor
Charles IV. permitted this place in 1355 to be made a walled town.
ID. Streitberg, a mountain-citadel, market-town, and prefedlurate,
wholly furrounded by the bilhopric of Bamberg, and lying not far from
Ebermanßadt. In this place a yellow marble is dug.
Rem. In the prefedlurate of Streitberg lies the village o^ Alber?idorf,
which is otherwife called the Heyde/ißadt, or Hundsbrucke, being about 1000
paces in circuit. About one quarter of an hour's diftance from thence is
a large rock excavated by nature, and named the Hohle Loch. This cavity
is fpaciou"^, and not far from it is a ftill more remarkable hollow called the
Wizzeloch. Between Streitberg and the parochial village of Muggendorjy
which belongs to this prefedurate, are other cavities in which are found clear
fprings, cryftals, and large bones.
II. 'Thusbronn, a parochial-village and prefedurate, alfo environed by
the territories of Bamberg and Nürnberg.
II. The captainfhip of Culmbach, to which belongs
I. Culmbach, the fecond of the fix head towns as they are called,
and formerly a refidence of the Marggraves, lying in a fertile and beautiful
valley on the White-May!?, and being alfo the feat of the prefeduratecaptainfhip,
a fuperintendent, a revenue and cloyfter-office, and containing
in it likewife a Lati?i fchool. This town fell, on the extindion of the
Dukes of Meraf2, in the year 1248, to the Counts of Orlamutid., and by
them was at firft mortgaged to the Burggraves; but in 1338 they came t«i
an agreement, that in cafe Count Otto of Orlamund fhould die without iflur,
this place, with fome others, fhould defcend to the Burggrave yohn II.
which accordingly happened. In 1430 Culmbach was reduced to afhes
by the Hußites: In 1553 roughly handled by the enemies of the Marggrave
Albrecht-, and in 1708 greatly damaged by fire.
Above

Culmbach.] GERMANY, ^21
Above the town ftands the mountain-fortrefs of Blajcnburg^ or Vlaßenburg,
which by way of diftinftion from the old ruinous fortrefs thert-, is
called Nciv-Blajjhihurg. This Ibrtrefs devolved at the fame time v.'ith the
town oi Culmbach, from the Dukes of Mfrö« to the Counts of OrArw^/Zi/,
and from them to the Burggravesof Nürnberg, and was formerly a refidence
of the Marggrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth ; and denominated not from
this ftrong citadel, but the town of Cuhnbach which lies below it. The
fortrefs has a commandant of its own, and in it are kept the common archives
of the Prince. In 1554
it was taken and demoliflied after a lont^
liege by the bilhops of Bamberg and Wurzburg, and the
but in
town of Nürnberg;
1557 they were compelled to pay to the Marggrave George-Frederick
the fum of 175000 florins, towards rebuilding it, which this Marggrave
alfo accomplifhed ; and in 1608 it was ftill further fortified by the Marggrave
Chriflian.
2. Himmelkron, a parochial-village, with a marggravial palace in it, fituated
in a pleafant valley on i\\t PFhite-Mayn, amidft line meadows, gardens,
fields, and woods. The palace here was built by the Marggrave George
William, and the Marggrave George Frederick Charles eredted a riding- houfe
at this place ; and for the more commodious attendance on the heron-chafe
alfo another building called the Falkenhaube. Formerly there flood here a
nunnery of ladies of the Cijlercian order, which was founded in 1280 by
Count Otto I. of Orlamund, out of his own palace and the place of Pretzendorf.
In 1338 this village was ceded, together with Culmbach and Plajfenburg,
by Count Otto II. oi Orlamund io ihe Burggravcs of Nürnberg, by way
of recompence for right of protection ; but in 1569 was fecularized, and
converted into a marggravial foundation, or revenue-ofHce, which is divided,
as they are called into nine quarters. The buildings of the old
cloyfter were repaired by the Marggrave Chrißian Erneß, and rendered fit
for the reception of himfelfand court; and, exclufive of the garden here,
he likewife laid out a walk of 1000 paces in length. At the old foundation-church
a proper Proteflant minifter officiates, and in it is a buryingplace
of the Marggraves.
3. Winberg, a borough and prefeclurate. A good green vitriol is prepared
at this place.
4. Stambach, a parochial-village, in which is a princely prefedturate.
.
5. Schauenßein, a citadel and market-borough, or, as it is alfo called, a
fmall town, in which is a prefedturate. The Burggrave Frederick V. purchafed
this place, with fome other villages, in the year 1386 of the
houfe of Riegel, for 126177/^. weight cf hellers.
6. Helmbrecbt, a citadel, market-town, and prefedurate, purchafed at
the fame time with Schauefißein of the family of Riegel.
7. Seubelfdorf 3.nd CaJ'endorJ, both parochial-villages and prefedturates.
III. The provincial-captainfhip of HoJ, to which belongs
,
I. Hof,

.
Henrv
^2 2
GERMANY. [Culmbach.-
1. Hoft in Latin Curia, Curia Varifcorum, or Curia Regnitiana, the third
among the fix head towns of this principality ;
and lying on the river
Saal, which above this place receives into it the Upper, and below it the
Under-Regnitz. Hof has three fuburbs belonging to it, being likewife the
feat of the provincial-captainOiip, and a'revenue, as alfo of a fpital and cloyfter
prefedurate, and a fuperintendent. In it too are four churches, together
with a gymnafmm, and a good woollen manufadture. In the records of the
thirteenth century this place is fimply called Curia Regnitz and HoJ, but
afterwards came to be called Regnizhof. It ftands in the ancient country
of Varifcia. The old town here was built in the year loSo near the citadel
which was then already in being ; but the new town was founded towards
the beginning of the thirteenth century by Otto I. and II. Dukes oi Merati;
and in the year 1248, on the death of the latter, coming to Otfo Count of
Orlavmnd, it was carried on by him ;
and about the year 1250 finiüied by
the Elder, Vogt of Weyda, to whom it came by purchafe, with
its annexed jurildidtion. In 1323 the Em.peror Le'iX)ii inverted the Burggrave
Frederick IV. of Nürnberg with this town and feigniory ; and in
1373 Henry, Vogt oi Weyda M^okdi oi it, together with other places, to
the Burff

Culmbach.] G E R M A N T.
owing its foundation to the tin-mines which were formerly there. This
place lb early as the year 1326 was a town, ^nd by the Emperor Leids was
prelented with immunities equal at that time to tliofe of the town t>f Ä^iTr,
which immunities were confirmed by Charles iV, in the year 1355. In it
is the prefedurate-captainOiip and mine-amt, as alio a fuperintcndency, snd
a Latui fchool. To the holpital here belongs the noble eflate of Ul>per-
Hocbjfadt. This place appertained at firfl: to the family of Bcchjo^-g or
Vogtsber^. In 1282 King AWc^Ä inverted the Burggrave Frederick II. or
III. with it. In 1 32 1 the Burggrave Frederick lU. and IV. purchnfed the
burg or caftle oi Wunßcdel oi the family of Vogtsberg. In 1462 this town
gave a check to the Hußtes by its brave refiftance. In 1434, 1541, and
1607 it fuftained great damage by fire; and in 1731 was almoft wholly
deftroyed, but was again built in a better manner. The inhabitants htre deal
in wrought plate, and died woollen and hnen fluffs.
Rem. The country of New-Wunfiedel has been named in the manor of
Boeckler, or Buckler, but at prefent we fay the town and fix prefeä;urates of
Wunfiedel.
2. Tbierfiein, a mountain-citadel, feated on the Titersbach, and containing
a prefedlurate.
3. Fhierß:eim, a confiderable market-town, having a prefe(fl:urate. Both
thefe places were dilpofed of by the Marggraves of Meißen in the year
1415 to the Burggraves John III. and Frederick VI.
4. Arzberg, or Arzburg, a market-town, in which is a prefcdurate.
5. Schirnding, a citadel, feated on the borders of Bohemia, and containing
in it a prefeÄurate.
6. Hohenberg, a market-town and mountain-citadel ftanding not far from
the river Fger, and the feat of a prefedlurate.
In the village of Fifchern, which flands under the Particular of Bayreuth,
is an acid fpring.
7. Selb, a market-town and hunting feat of the Prince, which is a
prefedurate.
At Schowwald is an acid fpring.
8. Markleuthen, a market-town, and the feat of a prefe»5lurate, lying
on the
river Fger.
9. Kirchlamitz, a market-town, containing a prefedurate.
10. Weißenfladt, anciently Weijfenkirchen, an old little town, fituated on
an eminence on the Fger, in a very rugged and ftony country, and containing
formerly fome good mines of tin and cryftal, as alfo the mine-jurifdidion
above the Gebirg. In this place is a prefedurate. This town, together
with the citadel oi Rudolphflein, commonly called Rolhijlein, the family
of Hirjchberg bequeathed to the cloyfter of Waldfachfen, by which it was
difpofed of in 1348 to the Burggraves Johiznöi Albrecht. It has obtained
towm
423:

424 GERMANY: [Culmbach.
town privileges and immunities in the fame manner as Wunfiedel has, but
has been greatly reduced by war, fire, and the declenfion of it? mines.
The Wcijfenftadt JVeyher See or lake, is one of the largeft in this principality,
containing to the number of three hundred acres. The river Eger
fupplies it with water, and in it are bred very delicious carp and perch.
Rem. In the market-town of Redwitz, which is for the moll: part environed
by this prefedlurate-captainfhip, is a fpiritual infpe

Culmbach.] G E R M A N T,
1. Gefrees, a fmall town, in which the upper amt-office has hs feat.
This place fuffered great damage by fire in the year 1757.
2. Berneck, a fmall town, and the feat of a prefedurate, which was
mortgaged by the Counts of Orlamwid io the Burggraves, and in 1338 it
•was agreed, that if Count Otio died without iffue it fliould defcend to the
Burggraves of Nürnberg, which accordingly happened.
3.
Goldcronach, a fmall-town, feated on the river Cronach, which runs
quite through the middle of it, and containing an amt and a mine-office.
This place was firft begun to be ereded in the year 1365, a golu mine
being at that time difcoveied there, which proved very beneficial, but in
1669 declined. In 1695, however, feme gold was found here, of which
double ducats were coined. Before the year 1365 this place arofe out of
three gentlemen's feats. In 1559 and 1630 it was burnt down. In thefe
parts alfo is found a variety of marble.
4. Stein, a village, containing an amt-office.
VIII. The upper-prefedlurate of Creusen, to which belongs
1. Creufen, in Latin Crufina, a fmail town, feated on the Red-Mayn, in
which is the upper amt-office, and where great quantities of fine earthenware
are alfo made. This place probably belonged to the burggravate
before the year 1251, but in that year the Burggrave Frederick II. or III.
fuffered himfelf to be inverted therewith by the Emperor Conrad. The
Burggraves anciently caufed money to be coined there.
2. Old-Creufen, a village. The Emperor Charles IV. granted to the
Burggrave Frederick V. the liberty of raifing this place to be a walled
town.
IX. The upper-prefefturate of Pegnitz, to which belongs
1. Pegnitz, a fmall-town, feated on xh.Q Pegnitz, and containing in it
the upper-amt and revenue-office. This place came from the crown of
Poland io the burggravate, YJmg Wenzel, in the year 1402, granting it in
fief, together with fome other places, to the Burggrave John III.
2. Liiidenhard, a parochial-village, in which is a prefedu rate-office.
3. Plecb, a market-town, containing an amt-office, belonging to which
is the village of Spies, the citadel whereof is fallen to decay.
X. The upper-prefefturate of Osternohe, fituated in the parochialvillage,
and mountain-citadel of Oßer?whe, which lies near the feigniory of
Rothenburg,
belonging to the upper-palatinate.
XI. The upper-prefedurate of Neustadt at the Ca/wt'«, to whichbelongs
I. Neußadt am Culmen, am rauhen Culmen, or between the Citlmen, a ftnall
425
town, taking its name from the two mountains between which it lies. In.
it is the upper amt-office. The citadel of Culmen and fome other villages
were mortgaged by the Landgrave Frederick of Leuchtenberg, and his ion
Frederick, in the year 1281, to the Burggrave Frederick II. or III. for the
fum of four hundred marks of filver, who afterwards diverted themfclves
Vol. V. I i i thereof;

426 GERMANY. [Culmbach..
tlrereoF'; upon which, in 1282, the Burggrave obtained ths inveftiture of
it of King Rudolph. In the year 1730, the Emperor Charles IV. granted the
Burg(^Ta.vc Frederick V . the liberty of building a town between the two fortrefTes
of the rough and Jlight Culm.
2. The villages oi Kircheii-Leibach and Wirbenz-.
2. In the U N D E R-L A N D;.
I. The prefe£lurate-captainfifip of Erlang : to which belongs,
I. Erlang, the laft of the fix head-towns, as they are called, of thia
principality, lying not far from the Rednitz, which at this place receives
into it the Schwabach, and confills of two towns, namely the Old and
New, the latter of which is other wife called Chri/Iian-Erlang, and is en^vironed
with a wall of free-ftone j but this is not yet quite finiflicd.
Old-Erlang, a veiy ancient place, which belonged to the Ratingau and:
in which a church was built for the ufe of the Slavi, whom Charlemagne
removed thither. This town is four hundred paces long;, but not by a
great deal fo wide. It has a peculiar raagiflracy of its own, and after the
great fire, which happened there in 1706, was rebuilt again with greater
regularity. So early as the year i 632 it was likewife deftcoyed by the fame
dreadful calamity. In it is a Proteftant Lutheran church.
Neio, or Cbrißian-Erlang, a town, which was begun to be ereded in.
1686 by the Marggrave Chrißian Er?ieß, and was named from him, lies
clofe by Old-Erlang, being diftinguiflied therefrom by nothing elfe than
the ftraightnefs of its ftreets. This place is one. of the fineft towns in
all Germany, its ftreets being perfedly ftraight and broad, and the houfes
in the principal of them two ftory high, excepting the corner ones which
are three ftory. In it is a fquare of eight hundred paces, which is not yet quite
finiftied ; as alfo a market-place one hundred and ten paces long and broad,
the eaft fide of which is occupied by the maggravial palace, built of freeftone
three ftories in height ; and behind it is a very large, pleafant and
fine garden,, planted with rows of cheftnut and lime-trees, a Proteftant
Lutheran church, together with, one for the French Cahinißs, and another,
for the German Cahinißs. The firft of thefe churches is the fineft. In
J 704 Chriflopher Adam of Trockau founded a riding academy here ; but
in 1743 the Marggrave Frederick reinoved thither the Frederick univerfity,
which had been founded by him at Bayreuth in 1742, and which, on the
fourth d.iy of November, was obferved accordingly with great folemnity,
and fubftituted into the place of the above-faid riding academy. The gymnaßum
here too was incorporated with it. This univerfity has a church of
its own. The refugee French Cahinißs have fet up fome confiderable manufadures
in this town, among which thofe of ftockings and hats are the
moft profitable.
Erlange

Culmbacli.] GERMANY. 427
Erlang-, is the feat of the prefedlurate captainfliip, as alfoof a councilcollege
of juftice, of a college of commerce, and a fuperintendency.
2. Frauenaurach, a market-town and prefecturate, which takes its
rife out of a nunnery of ladies, which formerly flood here. This nunnery
was founded between the years 1250 and 1260, and fecularifed towards
-the middle of the lixteenth century.
3. Efchenau, a market-town, which together with its territory, is environed
by the territory of Nürnberg., and lies one large hour from Herclzberg.
The Marggrave Frederick purchafed this place of the family of
Muffel, and reftored it to the adminiftration of its own Amtman. EJclyenau
is
a Bohemian fief.
II. The provincial captaindiip of Neufladt on the Aijch, to which belongs
1. Neufiadt on the Aij'cb, which is the fifth of the fix head-towns, as
•they are called, of this principality, and takes its furname from the rivulet
of Aijch. This town is the feat of the provincial captaindiip and a revenue
prefedlurate, and contains in it a Prince's palace and a fuperintendency, under
which (land thirty-four perfons, as alfo a parifh church, a holpital
with a church in it, and a Latin fchool.
2. Dachsbach, a market-town and citadel, in which is a prefedurate.
-3. Euskirchen, a market-town with a vogtey in it, which was purchafed
in the year 1362 by Godfrey o( Seekendorf for the fum of 1200 lb. kellers.
The French colony here has a church to itfelf.
4. Frauenthal, once a nunnery, but at prefent a cloyfter-amt, together
with its

428 G E R M A N r. [CulmbacFi.
2. Ut'tenrenth, a borough feated on the Schwobach, and the greateft part
of the inhabitants of which are of Bayreuth and its prefefturate.
3. Britck, a village feated on the Rednitz, in the Fraifch, or criminaljurifdidion
of Bayreuth, in which are alfo fubjedts of Nürnberg, and the
Knights of the Empire. To this place Charlemagne removed feveral of the
Slavi. In the year 1282 the Burggrave Frederick 11. or III. obtained this
town in fief of the Emperor Rudolph.
4. At Brand, Davienlohe and Kalkreiith, a part of the inhabitants are
fubjeds of Bayreuth, and belong to this upper-prefedurate,
IV.
The upper-prefedturate of HoHENECK, to which belongs
1. Hoheneck, a mountain-citadel, partly fortified and environed by the
mountains around it, on which are vineyards. In the year 1387 an Imperial
prefident fentence was iffued out againft the Burggrave Frederick V.
after he had laid out one hundred marks of gold on this tortrefs and its appendages.
2. Ipß:einj, in ancient records termed Ips, a market-town feated on the
Aifch, below the foregoing mountain-citadel, and in which is a revenue-amt.
3. Mark-Le}ikerßjeim, a market-town, containing a prefedurate..
4. Mark-Burgel, or Birgel, alfo called äv^^/, a market-town feated on
a high mountain near the river, with two churches in it and a criminal
amt-office. This is a very ancient place, mention being made of it in the
üldefl; records, and that fo early as the eighth century. The Burggrave Frederick
IV. purchafed one part of it, together with the toll, in the year 1307,
of Count Frederick of Truhendingen ; and foon after alfo the other part,
called Loiver-Hoffcn, of the family of Baldern, of the houfe of Oettingeny
for the fum of 1 1,500 florins. Upon this the Emperor Charles IV. in the
year 1355 conferred on it both town and market jurifdidlion, with other
privileges.
5. Mark Biirgbernheim, a market-town containing a vogtey and fuperintendency,
and which on account of the adjoining Wildbad, which is a good
mineral-water, was inverted with particular privileges by Charletnagne, Lothariin
II. Henry VI. Charles IV. Lewis IV. and the Eledor Albrecht of
Brandenburg.
of whom it was purchafed in
Formerly this place belonged to the Counts of Truhcndifigen,
1280 by the Burggrave Frederick II. or III.
6. Ränder[acker, a large village feated on the Mayn, and of which mention
has been already made. This place has a vogt in common with the
bifliopric of Wurzburg.
V, The upper-prefedurate of Neuhof. To it belongs
2. The prefedurate of Bonn and DiETENHOFEN. In it
Bojtn, a village.
1. Neuhof, a market-town, in which is the upper-amt, and a revenueoffice.
Dieten-

Eichftetü.] GERMANY.
429
Dietenhofen^ a borough and citadel, containing a fuperintendency.
3. Mark Erlbach, a fmall town, in which is a criminal prefedlurateoffice.
Rem. The Marggraves of Brandenhirg-Ciihnbach are poflelTed
of confiderable
fiefs in the arch-dutchy of Auflria, which we have treated of in
Vol. iv. Thefe fiefs defcended to them from the time of the Emperor
Lewis o^ Bavaria, to whom the i urggrave Frederick IV. granted afliftance
againft his competitor, Duke Frederick of Aiißria, enabling him to overcome
his antagonift. Upon which the Emperor made the Burggrave a prefent
of the rich Außrian nobility, whom he had taken prifoners in the battle,
together with their fiefs, which prifoners the Burggrave releafed on condition,
that they fliould receive their fiefs for ever of the Burggraves, as the
donation letters of 1328 teftify. The Emperor Charles IV. confirm.ed this
donation in 1363 in fuch manner, that the Burggraves of Nürnberg, on
account of all their fiefs in the dutchies and feigniories of the Dukes oi Außria,
were to have the Roma?! Emperors, or Kings, and the Empire as their
Superiors for ever. The number of thefe noblemen amounted to about
1 160, and the fiefs to thirty-two counties and feigniories, and two hundred
eommon fiefs.
Bishopric of
EICHSTETT,
"Jhe
the bifliopric of Eichßctt, or Aichßadt, John Baptiß Homann
^^ has publiflied a pretty good land-chart, which in the At/as of
§. i.f^F
Germany conftitutes the fixty-eighth.
§. 2. This principality terminates on the upper-palatinate, Upper-Bavaria,
the dutchy of Neuburg, the county of Fappenheim, and the principality
of Onolzbach, by which alfo feveral detached parts of it are environed.
§. 3. The principal rivers by which this country is watered are the Altmiihl,
which comes out of the principality of O^o/^^^rZ', and in this bifliopric
receives in it the little rivers oi Anlauter, Sckwarzach auA Sulz, after
which it enters into Upper-Bavaria. The Under and Upper-Retzat run alfo
through fome parts of this biftopric.
§. 4. In it we find ten towns and one market-town. Land-ftates there
are none here. The inhabitants are Roman-c?i\ho\\c. The epifcopal jurifdidion
is divided into eight rural decanates, which have their refiden'ce at
Eichßetty Berching, Spalt, Herrieden, Hilpoltjkin, EJchenbach, Neumark and
Jngolßadf,

430 GERMANY. [Eichftett.
Ingoljladt, The ancient rural-decanates of Auorf, Gunzcnhaufen, JViifj'er-
Truhendin^en and Weijfenburgy are at prelent no longer in being, having come
over if not with all, yet at leall with molt ot the paiiiiies and fihals belonging
to the Proteltant religion.
§. 5. The place in the Ncrdgau, on which the town of FÄchßett now
flands belonged anciently to the Counts or H rfchberg^_owc of whom, named
yuifger, or Snigger, ceded it to St. Boniface, and the latter to his fifter's
ion Wilihald (for fuch he was held.) At that time this place lay wafte, nothing
more than a chapel {landing on it. But Wilihald founded a cloyfter
here, and near it houfes were gradually built, out of which arcic a town
at length, which from the valt oaks near it obtained the name of Eichßett.
Bonijace conkc:at.cd his relation firfl prieft, and in the year 741, or as is more
generally fuppofed in 745, bifliop of Eicl.TJhtt. This firft bifliop of Eichlictt,
pope BetiediB XIJI. canonized. Towards the eredting of this biüiopric
Count Snigger gave a part of his eftate. But Gebhard, the laft Count of
Hirfchberg, in the year 1291 bequeathed his whole county to it, though a
fief of Bavaria, and that notvvithftanding the Dukes of Bavaria had not
agreed to this difpofition.
Upon this there arofe difputes between the Dukes and the bifhopric,
which however were at length decided. The Dukes of Bavaria accepted
the teftament, and ceded to the bifliopric the greateft part of the
county, but referved tothemfelves the jurifdiAion thereof. In 1309 bifliop
Philip caufed the teftament of Count Gebhard of Hirfchberg to be confirmed
by the Emperor Henry VII. The other eftates, of which the bifliop-
have been for the moft part acquired by purchafe.
ric confifts,
§. 6. The epifcopal title is : By the Grace of God Biß:op and Prince
0/" Eichftett. The epifcopal arms are a crofier argent, in a ^t\6. gules. A
ijifliop's mitre crowns the ihield, and behind it appears a fword and a crofier.
Formerly alfo the bifliops ftiled themfelves Arch-chancellors of the
Holy See of Mentz, and maintained, that by virtue of this dignity, they
were pofTefTed, during the vacancy of that archbifliopric, of feveral privileges.
The bifliop of Eichßett is perpetual chancellor of the univerfity of
Ingoljladt.
§. 7. This bifliop fits in the council of the Princes of the Empire on the
fpiritual bench between the bifliops of Wortns and Speyer, and at the Diets
of the circle of Franconia between the reigning Marggraves of Brandenbiirg-Ciilmbach
and Onolzbach. His Imperial niatricular evaluation amounts
to two hundred and forty-fix florins ; and to each chamber-term he pays
two hundred and eighty-four rixdollars, fourteen kruitzers and a half. As
a prelate he ftands under the archbifliop of Mentz.
§. 8. The highly worthy chapter here confifts of fourteen capitulars,
and fourteen domicelli, who muft be all of a nobility fuitable to the foundation
and the charader of gentlemen, and fvv'ear to fixteen degrees of de-
Icent.

Eichf^etü-.J G E R M A N r, 431
fcent.
At the catnedral church here were anciently founded thirty-five canonicates,
or prebends, five cf which are not of equal value with the rell.
Thefe canonicateji are all divided alternately by the chapter, which alio has
the prefentation of twenty-two vicarihips in
Eichjiett.
§. 9. The office of hereditary-marflial of the bilhopric, the Counts
Scheuken of Caßell enjoy;, that of hereditary-chamberlain, the Barons of
Schaumberg; that of hereditary cup-beaier, the Barons of Eybe y and that
of hereditary fewer, the Lords of Leonrodt.
§:. 10. The principal princely colleges here are, the fpiritual council, the
regency, or the aulic-council, and the aulic-chamber. The epifcopal territories
are divided into eleven upper or adminiftratory prefedturates, fome
of which again have fome under-amts beneath them.
§.
1 1. The right of holding the Imperial prefidical-court at Hirjchherg in
this bilhopric, is poflefTed by the eiedoral-houfe of Bavaria from ancient
times, that houfe having been inverted therewith by the Emperor ; but on
account thereof, it has had frequent difputes with the bifliopric. Thefe
diiputes, it is true, were adjufted in a friendly manner in the years 1380
and 1381, but fprung up anew, and v/ere again removed in 1392 by a flipulation
; on which occafion alio the letters of immunity granted by the
Emperor Le'wis to the bilhopric in the year 1330, to be fubjed: to no other
judge but the Emperor and his aulic-judge, were confirmed. In 1420 the
Emperor Sigifmund annulled this prefidical court. But the ele(ftoral-houfe of
jBötißr/ö renewing it in 1749, 7LVidho\dmg\\. zi Buchsheim under the open
heaveiiS, new diiputes arofe upon this between that houfe and the bilhopric
oi Hochltift, which difputes relate principally to the immunity maintained
by the latter from the jurifdidiion of this prefidical court, and is ftill carried
on before the Imperial aulic-council, without having ever been decided.
The limits of the prefidical court are according to the prefcription of the feudal
letters afilgned as follows : The prefidical court of the county of Wrjchberg
begins above the Pfruning at the Danube, where the Laber falls into that
river at Sinzing, and runs up along the Danube, and fo far into it as a horfe
extends in length or a perfon can reach with a fpear, p.iffingon quite to Neuhurg
on the Ricd^ and as far as Bergen to the cloyfter there ;
but the cioyfter
lies in the provincial jurifdidion oiGraifpach, reaching from thence to the foreft,
which is called Ottenberger^ and belongs to the provoft oi Rebd'.rf., and
towards Upper-Eichßett as far as that village. Thefe two villages juft mentioned
are confined to the two prefidical courts of Graijpach and Hirfcljbcj-g ;
they have letters from both prefidical courts, and in thefe may be feen the
limits. From thence it runs along the wood of JVeiffenburg, extending beyond
that wood ; but the wood belongs to the prefidical court oi Graijpach,
and reaches to Neußing ; from thence it pafies on to Ncid:aus^ aftrrwrtrds to
the village of Waiting, in which are two parishes, and there it has a fmall
rivulet within its limits by which the two prefidical courts are divided -, from
5 thence

432 G E R M A N r. [EicMett.
thence it runs to Altheidek into the village there next to Maiik along the
road from Weifenbiirg to Nürnberg quite to Roth and the Redniiz, and along
the latter before Schwabach till that river mixes its waters with thole of the
Schiücirzach, and alfo along the Schwarzach quite to the Aichenbruck, and
from thence to Rajch, and farther flill to the Rafchbach on Stockehberg quite
through the village to Trautenßjofen, and through that village towards the
Thiajlcin ; from thence again to the Farther Laber and quite down along
the Laber till that river falls again into the Danube at Sifizing.
§. 12. Thus much premifed, now follows the more accurate defcription
of this principality. To it therefore belongs, and that,
I. To the Under -Bishopric.
I. Eichßetfy or At chßadf, the epifcopal refidence, lying in a valley on
the river Altnmhl. The prefent epifcopal reüdentiary-palace, and the building
which ftands over againft, and in which are the princely, fpiritual and
temporal colleges, together with their chanceries and regiftratures, were
built a-new by Bifhop Vrancis Lewis, Baron Schenk of Cajiell. In the
cathedral-church here, befides the great choir, is, moreover, the choir of
St. Willibald, together with nine prebendaries for as many canons ; and in
it were pretended to be found, in the year 1744, the bones of St. Willibald,
in honour of whom John Antony II. caufed a new coftly high altar to
be raifed, which was dedicated in 1745. At the parochial and collegiatechurch
here, or the new collegiate-church of our Lady, is a foundation confining
of a provoft, a dean, a cathedral and a town-minifter, as alfo of
fome canons. At St. Walburg's, church is a nunnery of Beiiediäines, and
in the high altar there, are laid up the breaft-bones ofthat Saint, which
in it,
yield the fo celebrated Walburg oil*. We find here alfo a college of
Jefuits with the Semi?iarium WiHibaldinum, a Domitiican cloyfter, a cloyfter of
regular canoneffes of the congregation oj our Lady, a Capuchin cloyfter and
* This cloyfter ftands on a rocky mountain. The altar in the church is as broad as the
church itfelf, and perhaps a rocic. Above it is a fmali cavity, the fides and bottom of which
are lined with gold, and a (tone covers it. This is called the coffin, and contains the brealtbones
of St. tfallmrg, out of which an oil is faid to flow and force itfelf through the flone,
where it is coileded in drops which are received into a golden trough, and from thence conveyed
into a golden bowl ; after which it is diftributed into fmall vials for the ufe of pilgrims
and benefactors reforting thither, and employed for miraculous cures. This holy flux happens
twice a year, namely, in the fpring and fall, and that on the name and tranflation of
St. JValhiiig ; but fometimes it iflues not, and very often it appears at different feafons of the
year. Somewhat deeper than the church ftands the brewhoufe, and this, at the very time in
which the moifture runs out of St. IFalbuig's grave, is fo full of water that there is neither
working nor flaying in it. The vapours, which are held here for oil, neither burn nor fwim
upon the fuiface of water, but peri'edly mix themfelvcs therewith. Vid. Francis Rothßßhcrs
Jtlas and Jubike Tear, P. iii. p. 367. Seq.
church

Elchftett.] GERMANY,
433
church in the eaft fuburbs, and before the town another church on the
Altmuhl, which is called the Holy Ghoß. Of the original of this town fome
account has been given above, §. 5. In 908, Bifhop Erchanbold obtained
of the Emperor Lewis the liberty of furrounding the then cloyfter with a
wall, and therein to eftablifh an ordinary market with a toll,
2. Marienßein, a cloyfler of regular canonefTes of the order of St. Augußiiie-,
and,
3. Rebdorf, another of regular canons of the fame order, lying on the
Altmuhl. Thefe two cloyfters ftand hard by the town and the WillibalSsberg.
II. The prefediurate of the provincial-vogtey is an upper-prefecflurate,
and its upper amt-man is always at the fame time provincial-vogt at the
Willibaldsberg. The eftates of this prefect urate are among the iirft with
which this bilhopric was endowed. In it is,
1. The ftrong citadel of St. Willibaldsburg, which ftands upon what is
called Willibaldsberg^ being fituatcd about a quarter of an hour's diftance
from Eicbjictt, on the other fide the Altmuhl. In this citadel the biihops
had their refidence till the year 1725. In it alfo the princely archives
together with the princely library are kept. It is fortified with four baftions,
and to the north and eaft alfo with a ditch which is duo[ into the rock and
•contains
likewife an arfenal.
2. The vogt-amt, or prefedurate, of Wellheim, lying in the village
of that name, and near which, on a pretty high rock, ftands a citadel
which defcended from the Counts of Hclfenflein to the bifhopric.
3. Vpper-Eichliett, a village, feated on the Altmuhl, and containing an
iron foundery of the Prince's, as alfo a lofty furnace in which iron ftoves
and other things are caft. Formerly this village was only a nobleman's
feat. This place devolved by exchange from the Counts of Oettingcn to
the biiliopric.
4. Mofzbrunni a gentleman's feat, anciently belonging to the Knights
Templars and afterwards to the Knights of St. Jolm, by whom it was difpofed
of, in the year 1329, toB\(ho^ Marquardl. for the fum of 1200
pounds weight of hellers,
5. Adelfihlag, a village.
6. Pfunz, a pleafure-houfe of the Prince's, fituated about one hour's
diftance below Eicbfiett^ and difpofed of, in the year 1475, to the
bifliopric.
7. Koffjletteny a citadel and village which, in the year 1466, was purchafed
of a p.oble family.
III. The upper-prefedlurate of Kirschberg took its rife out of the ancient
county of Hirfchberg, of which we have treated above, §. 5. In it is
1. Hirjchberg, a mountain-citadel, feated not far from the Sulz. and
VoL.V. K k k Altmuhl,

GERMANY.
434- [Eichilctt.
Ahmuh!, and at which the ancient Counts of Hirfchberg had their ordinary
refidence. At prefent the upper amt-man ulually refides there.
2. Blankßetten, a BcncdiBine monaftery, fituated on the S:iilx.
3. Bfilngriefz, a fmall town, feated on the Altiimbl, which below this
place receives into it the &ulz.
4. Berching, aUb a fmall town, lying on the Sidz, and containing in it
an under amt-otike and a rural decanate.
5. Greding, a little town, feated on the Schivarzach, and which has of
old belonged to the bifliopric. At this place is an under amt-office.
6. Gnat-Hcinug, a large village, fituated on the Schwarzach and belonging
to the chapter.
7. Toging, an under-prefedurate, lying in the citadel and village of that
name, which is feated on the Ahtnubl on the borders of Bavaria.
8. Frii'bertßofcn, which, together with the eftates of Reckenhofen,
Henisherg, La?^derßofen, Lttterß:cßn and Ottenhofen, was purchafed by
Bifliop Frederick, in the year 1398, for the fum of 2700 florins.
9. Erlingßjofen, purchafed in 1332, and Eyerwang, purchafed in the
year 1472.
IV. The upper, cr adminiftratory-prefedurate ofKuPFENBERc: to which
belongs,
1. Kiipfc?iberg, a citadel, feated on a mountain on the river Altmuhl,
under which lies alfo a little town. This place came, in the year 1301, by
purchafe to the bifl:iopric.
2. Arnsberg, a citadel, ftanding on a high rock on the river AltmuhL
The Dukes of Bavaria difpofed of this place, in 1475, to the bifliopric for
the fum of 14000 florins.
3. Enkering, a village, near which fl:ands the old ruinous citadel of
Rujnbiirg. John of Ablperg difpofed of this place, in 1 546, to the bifhopric
for the lum of 18600 florins.
4. Kiinding, or Kiniing, a village, feated on the Altmiihl, which at this
place receives into it the Schwarzach. This village was purchafed, together
with the eftates of Haiinßettin, Mettendorf, Irlahill and Buch, in the year
1561, for the fum of 9800 florins.
"^V. The upper, or adminiftratory-prefeäurate of Titting-Raitenbuch,
to which belongs,
I. Titting, or Dieting, a citadel, lying on the Ankiuter, and which, in
the year 1544, was difpofed of to the bifliopric.
2' Raitenbuch, a large village, with a fmall citadel belonging to it which
was purchafed by the bifliopric, in the year 1469,- of the cloyfl:er oiRebdorf,
for the fum of 13000 florins.
3. Haufen, formerly a nobleman's feat, purchafed in 16 17.
4. Pechthal, a citadel, which, in the year 1557, came by purchafe to the
bifl^.opric.
5"- The

Eichftett.] G E R MA N^- T.
5. The royal villages, or the ancient Imperinl adminiftratlon of the
royal villages, vv^as held by the old Counts of Jiirfckberg in fief of the
holy Roman Empire. On their extindion it reverted again, in 1305,
thereto, and afterwards, for many years, was granted for life to fcveral
noblemen, who deferved well of it. The Imperial adminiftrators here had
their refidence in the Imperial city of We'ufenburg, to v.'hich this Imperial
adminiftration, with all its high and low jurifdiction, was mortgaged, in
the year 1530, by the Emperor Charles V. In 1629, the city was obliged
to cede this adminiftration, at the Imperial command, to the bidiopric of
Eichjlett ; but by the peace of Wefiphalia it arrived again to the polleihon
thereof J
in which polTefTion it continued till the year 16S0, when an Imperial
commiffion mediated, that the Imperial city of Wcijfenburg Hiouid,
of the villages belonging to this Imperial adminidration, retain JVcngeii,
but cede the refi: to the bilhopric oi Eichjlett on its refunding the mortgage
upon it. The villages appertaining to the bifliopric are Kahldorf , Tetenbiich
and Byburg, together vt'ith the hamlet of the Holy Crofs.
VI. The upper, or adminiftratory-prefedturate of Uppkr-Meszing : to
which belongs,
1. Upper-Mcfzing, a citadel, Handing on a mountain, with a village belonging
to it. This place was purchafed, in 1465, of the Teutonick order
for the fum of 1 1700 florins.
2. Jeteiihofen, a citadel, which, in the year 1587, reverted to the
bilhopric as a fupprefled fief. At this place is an under amt-office.
3. Burggriesbiich and Lauterbach, two citadels, which were diipofed of,
in the year 1398, to the bilhopric for the fum of 14600 florins.
4. T^annhaujen, an eftate purchafed by the bilhopric in 1398.
VII. The upper, or adminiftratory-prefedturate of Dolnstein : to
which belongs,
1. Dolnjfein, a citadel and fmall town, lying on the Altmuhl^ and which,
after the extindlion of the Counts of Hirfchberg, came to the Counts of
Octtingen, from whom it defcended to the Lords of Heydeck, and from
them to William of Rechberg, from which laft it came, in 1440, for the fum
of 3000 florins, to the bifliopric.
2. Merrißmm, a village, in which is an under amt-oflice.
VIII. The upper, or ad min illratory-prefeä urate of Nasse nf els, whicli
435
is among tiie very firft poiTeffions of the bifliopric. In it is,
1. Nciffenfeh, a citadel and borough, feated in the diftridl in which once
ftood the town of Aureatiim.
2. The villages of Muhlhaufen, Meckeiilohe znd Buchß:etm. At the lafl:
of thefe places the Eledlor oi Bavaria held, in the year 1749, the prefidicalcourt
of the county of Hirfchberg under the open {ky.
K k k 2 JI. To

.
436 G E R M J N T. [Eichflett.
II. To the Upper-Bishopric.
IX. The upper, or adminiftratory-prefedlurate of Sandsee, which is
furrounded by the principality of Onolzbach, the commandery of Oettingen
belonging to the Teutonick order, and the adniiniftratory-amts of Heydeck
•and Hilpoltjh'in, appertaining to the dutchy of Ncuburg. This prefefturate
was fold, in the year 1302, by Count Gebhard of the Hirjchberg to the
bidiopric of Eichßett for 2400 pounds weight of hellers. To it belongs,
1. Santffee, a mountain-citadel.
2. PleinfeUi a confiderable market-town, feated on the Retzat^ and,
3.
Fugenllally a parochial-village.
X. The upper, or adminiftratory-prefeöurate of Wernfels-Spalt,
together with Abenberg, is environed by the principality of Owö/z^öcZ». To
it
belongs,
1
Wcrnfels, a citadel, lying on the Retzat, and which was fold to the
bifliopric, in the year 1284, for 1000 pounds weight of hellers.
2. Spalt, a fmall town, feated on the Retzat, with two collegiate foundations
in it, which, in 1619, were united. At this place alio is a rural
decanate. The Burggrave Conrad V. of Nürnberg difpofed of this town,
which was at that time but a market-town, under certain conditions, to the
h\\ho]^r\coi Eichßett, in the year 1277, and, in 1295^, fully.
Of the citadel of Sajidcßron, which was fold at the fame time, no tracesnow
remain.
3. Zum-heiligen Bhd, a church to which pilgrimages are made. Near
it
ftands a gueft-houfe of the Francifcam.
4. The parochial-villages of Middle-Efchenbach and Wcjjerzelt.
5. Abenberg, a citadel and fmall town, in which is an under amt-office.
At this place the ancient Counts of Abenberg had their refidence, wii /e.
county, long before their extinflion, defcended to the Barggraves oi Nürnberg,
and was fold by the Burggrave CuÄr^y^/ V. in the year 1296, for 4000
pounds weight of hellers, to the bilhcpric of Eichßett. Not far from this
place is
a glafs foundery for mirrours.
6. Marie?ibiirg, a nunnery of Augu/iines.
7. Veitfanrach, a parochial-village, fituated on the Aurach.
XI. The upper, or adminiftratory-prefedurate of Ahrberg-Ohrnbau^ isenvironed
by the principality of Onolzbach, and contains in it,
1. Abrberg, a citadel, ftanding on a mountain.
2. Ohrnbau, a fmall town, feated on the Altmuhl^ and formerly belonging
to the Counts of Oettingen.
3. Cronheim, a citadel and village, in which is an under amt-office. Nicolas
Fiigger fold this place in the feventeenth century to the bifliopric.
4. Great"

Onolzbach.] G E R M A N T.
4. Great-Lellenfeldf a parochial-village.
5. Eybburg, a citadel, which Erajmus of Eyb difpofed of, in the year
1622, to the bifhopric for the fum of 21,500 florins.
XII. The upper, or adminiftratory-prefedlurate of Wahrberg-Her-
RiEDEN, which is alfo environed by the principality of Onolzbach, and
contains in it,
1. Wahrbcrgy a citadel.
j^yj
2. Herricden, originally named Hafenried, a fmall town, feated on the •
Altmiihl, with a collegiate foundation in it eredled by Charlemagne as a BenediBine
cloyfter, but foon after converted into a collegiate foundation,
which gave occafion to the building of the town. At this place alfo Is a
rural-decanate. In the year 1316, Herrkden was beficged by the Emperor
LewisY. at which time alfo it was taken and deftroyed. In 1450 and
1490, it was confumed by fire, and, in 1633, taken by "D^^kQ Ber7ihard oi
Saxe-Weymar.
3. Aurach, a citadel,, purchafed in the year 1510. In this citadel is a
forefl and amt-office.
Rem. In Upper- Bavaria, the rent-amt of Munich and the adminiftratorycourt
of Riedenburg, the bifhopric of Eichjleit is poflelTed of the feigniory of
FlugeUberg and Hofmark Mayren, which were purchafed by Bifliop John
Antony I. for the fum of 100,000 florins.
The Principality of
ONOLZBACH ox ANSBACH,
§. I. (^F the principality of OWz^/f^, or the fi^are of the marggravate of
^^ Onolzbach, in the burggravate of Nürnberg below the Gebirg, John
George Vetter has delineated a good chart, which was engraved by Michael
Kaiser, but has this remarkable in it, that the territories of both Mar»-
graves are extended quite to the gates of the city oi Nürnberg.
§. 2. This principality terminates on the Vnder-land of Bayreuth, the
bifhopric of Bamberg, the Imperial city of Windjheim, the principality
of Schwarzenberg and the feigniory of Seinßmm, as alfo on^ the bifhopric of
Wurzburg, the county oi Caflell, the territory of the Imperial city of i$ö/'/^t'«-
burg, the counties of Hohenlohe and Limpurg, the territory of the Imperial
city of Swabian Hall, the provoflfhip of Ehvangen, the county of Oettingen-^,
the Imperial city of Dunkeifpuhl, the dutchy of Neuburg, the county of
Pappeiiheim, the Imperial city of Weißenburg, the bifhopric o'i Aichfladty
the feigniory of Pyrbaum and the Upper-Palatinate,
§.> I.a.

438 GERMANY. [Onolzbach.
§. 3. In it are, indeed, fome fandy and mountainous tradls, but this
country, taken in general, is better than that of Bayreuth, abounding in
corn, tinkel, or fpclt, as ah^o in barley and oats, together with the fruits
of the earth and trees, and likewife in tobacco, having down all along the
May?izUo a good produd of wine. On account of the good paftures here
its breed of cattle alfo is excellent. There are likewife here all forts of
game and filh, together with fome medicinal fprings. In the upperprefedlurate
of Hobentrudingen is found marble, and in fome places alfo
iron-mines. On other mine-works no money is laid out here. The principal
river of this country is at firft called the Retzat, and rifes partly in
this principality above Upper-Dachftetto?, where it is alfo called the Under,
or Franconian-Retzat, and partly in the county of Pappenhe'uri, not far from
Detienhei)7i, where it is termed the Upper, or S'wabian. Both thefe rivers
unite, not far from Genmnd, upon which this united river bears the name
of Rednitz, in Latin Radcmtia, and receives into it, below Fürth, the
Pcgnitz, alter which it is called by fome the Regnitz, but hy others flill the
Rednitz, and falls into the Mayn in the bifliopric of Bamberg. The yllt-
7/1 id: I his its rife in the Under-latid of Bayreuth, and that in the prefeiturate
of Mark-Burgbernheim, which belongs to the upper-amt of Hcheneck, entering
foon after into the principality o{ Onolzbach, and running through the
upper part of the biihopric or Aichjladt into the county of Pappenhc'un. The
yagß, or Jaxt, comes out of the princely provofliliip of Ekvangen, and
paflcs through a traft of thl? country into the county of Hokenlobe. The
JVornitz, or Wernitz, hr-S its rife in the county of Hohenlobe, not far from
Frankenau and Sckiliingtftirfi. Jn the principality of Onolzbach it receives
into it the ^uhz, after v.'hich it paffes on into the county of Oettingen. The
Tauber comes out of the territory of Rothenburg, and paffes through this,
principality into the bifliopric of PVurzburg. The Mayn only waHies a fn; all
part oi this country.
§.4. This principality contains in it fixteen boroughs and feventeen
market-towns.
§. 5. The whole country profeffes the Proteflant dodrine and form of
worfnip taught by Luther. The preachers here are divided into nine decanates,
which are held at CraUß:eim, Feuchtivang, Gunzenhaufen, Langenzenn,
Lenterß:aufen, Sehwabach, Uffenheim, JVaffertrudingen and JVeimerßieim. At
Scbwabach is a colony of French Cahinijh, which has a church of its own
and enioys the free exercife of its religion.
§.6. At Ansbach is a gymnafium illußre, and in the towns are feme fmall
Latin fchools.
§. y. The inhabitants here fubfift by the breeding of cattle, by tillage and
the culture of wine and tobacco. In the towns are divers mechanics
and manufadlures, among the latter of which are principally to be reckoned
the m'anufaftures of tapiftry, flockings, cloth, fluffs, gold and filvcr lace, as
alfo

Onolzbach.]
GERMANY.
alfo of wire, needles, and many other things at Schiaabach, together with
the porcelain manutadlory at Anfpach, and thole of leather at Flachßanden
and Langeuzen?i, as alfo the mirror manufadory at Süllnhojen.
§.8. The reigning Marggrave of Brandenburg-Onolzhach has, on account
of this principality, both feat and voice in the council of the Princes of the
Empire, and is alfo co-fummoning Prince of the circle of Frmiconia.
Vid. p. 389 To a Roman month he pays three hundred and twenty-nine
florins, and to each chamber-term three hundred and thirty-eight rixdollars,
fourteen kruitzers and a quarter.
§. 9. On the divifion of the burggravate of Nürnberg, two hereditary
offices below the Gebirg remained to the principality ; namely, thofe of hereditary
chamberlain and hereditary cup-bearer: The Lords of Erb execute
the former, and the Lords of Seckendo-rf the latter. This principality is
alfo empowered to fill up the offices of hereditary marlhal and hereditary
fewer ; and that in as ample a manner as the principality above the Gebirg
difpofes of four hereditary offices ; but they continue notwithflanding vacant.
§. 10. The princely colleges here are, the privy-council, the aulic and
regency-college, as alfo that of the council of jullice, the court of appeals,
the chamber and provincial council college, the war-council college, the
fief-court, and the confiftory and matrimonial-courts. The principaÜtv itfelf
is divided into upper-prefedlurates, under which again fland vogts,
judges, town-vogteys, and cloyfter-adminiftrations.
§. II. The yearly revenues of its Prince are eftimated at near one million
of guldens. Whether under this fum be comprehended the revenues
arifing to the Marggrave from the county of Sayn- Altenkirchen in the circle
of Wejiphalia, I am not able to determine.
§. 12. The military force of this Prince confifts of a life-guard of horfe,
ami one regiment of root of feven companies.
§. 13. Now follow the princely upper-prefefturates, together with the
prefedurates, boroughs, market-towns, and the principal places and villages
ftanding under them.
I. The aulic revenue-amt of Onolzbach, to which belongs
I. Otiolzbcich, or Ansbach, (the latter of which names is only an abbreviation
of the former) in Latin called Onoldum and Onoldimim, the princely
refidence and head town, lying on the Under-Retzat. This place is the
feat of the above-mentioned princely colleges, of tl>e aulic revenue-office,,
and a mint; and in it alfo is held the Imperial prelidical-court of the burggravate
of Nürnberg. The refidentiary palace here of the Prince was built,
the greater part of it, by Marggrave George Frederick in the vears 15S7
and 15S8, but fuffering confiderably by fire in 1710 was partly rebuilt ii>
a much more beautiful manner than before, and likewife enlarged by the
addition of fome new grand edifices. The public library here was founded!
by the Marggrave Charles William Frederick in the year 1738, and, iu
< con.«
459

^^3
G E R M A N r. [Onolzbach,
conjunöion wltli the princely cabinet of medals, conveyed in trufi: to his
houfe. The princely chancery and regency chamber here are fixed in the
old buildings belonging to the foundation of St. Gumbrecht which have
been repaired. This foundation was ereded by one Gumbrecht in the fecond
half of the eighth century as a Benedioiine monaftery, but in the
middle of the eleventh century was converted into a foundation of canons,
and in 1563 fecularized. It has its own foundationary amt-office. The
Imperial prefidical court-houfe here, together with the council-houfe,
the town or St. Johns church, in which is to be feen the new
burying-vault of the Princes, as alfo the new building of the gymnafium
illußre Carolinum which was opened in 1737, the corredlionhoufe
ereded in 1727, and the Jews fchool, are all to be feen in what is
properly called the town. Without it v/e find the porcelain manufadlory
ereiSed in 17 10, together with the caferns for the foot, which are built
between it and the citadel fuburbs. In the latter flands alfo the large feigniorial
brew-houfe, together with what is called the Prince's garden, and
pleafure-houfe. Behind the well laid out Jager-Jlrect lies the beautiful
large court-garden here, with the coftly green-houfe and orangery. The
New-Aiilage is a new fuburb 1) ng on the fouth-fide of the town. In the
Herried-Suburb is the church-yard of the Holy Crofs, and in the Upper-
Suburb the fpital, together v/ith the orphan-houfe and the widow-houfe.
The town owes its foundation to the above-mentioned building. In 113g
there had long been a pariHi-church at Ansbach ; and in a record of 1259,
this place is ftiled Civitas. The Burggave Frederick IV. purchafed the
town, together with the decayed caftle of Doniberg in the year 1331,
©f the Counts of Oettingen, to whom it came by inheritance, on the extindtion
of the family of Domberg, for 23,000 pound weight of hellers.'
In 1634 it was garrifoned by Imperial foldiers, and at the fame time the
whole principality, together with the adjoining countries, fequeftered, and
an Imperial temporary adminiftration eftablifhed, but tliis continued only for
one year. Onolzbach has been frequently damaged by fire, particularly
in 1719.
2. The vogt-amt of Veßenberg and Bruckberg, in which is
Veflenberg^ a borough.
Bruckierg, a princely pleafure-palace, feated in a fine fpot on an emitience,
behind which is a mountain, from whence we have a delightful
profpedt. The Marggrave JVilliafn Frederick purchafed this place of Jul.
Dieterich 'Theodore of Crailß^eim-, and caufed it to be built and ornamented
in
a fine tallie.
Under-Biberf,
a parochial-village.
3. The vogt-amt of Lehrberg, to which belongs
Lehrberg, a market-town, feated on the Ufider-Reizaf, and having a
-fmall citadel.
Birkenfels,

Onolzbach.] G E R M A N T, 44.1
Birketifch, a decayed citadel.
4. The vogt-amt of Flachßand:n. In it is
Flachßanden, a borough, having a good leather-manufaftory.
5. The vogt-amt of IVeidatbachy in which is
Weidenbach, a parochial-village.
Trierfdorf, a coniiderable princely farm, having a pleafure-caftle and
park.
II. The upper-prefedlurate of Schvvabach. In it
I. Swabach, one of the head-towns of this principality, and a principal
mint-town of the circle of Franconia, as alfo the feat of the upper-amt,
which takes its name from it, and likewife of a decanate, lying in a very
fruitful fpot on a river of that name, in a rugged and mountainous bottom,
and being indeed not large but very populous. Exclufive of the Lutheran
parifn-church here, as alfo of a hofpital with a church in it, and the Latin
fchool, in this town likewife is a French Calvinifi church, and a "Jews
fchool. In the market-place here is a fine fountain adorned with cafcades
znd Jet d' Eaus. The mint, which was eredled in 1733 and 1754, is
very commodioufly laid out. The new fuburb before the ZoHner gate is
built in a very regular manner. Formerly there was a ktter-foundery
here, in which the Schwabach letters, which were invented at and denominated
from this place, were caft. Exclulive of the common handicraft
trades, here are alfo pencil-makers, and artificers in gold and filver-kce j
as likewife gold, filver, Leon or Spaniß: fleel, and iron wire-drawers j together
with brafs-turners, who make lleeve-buttons, model-cutters, needlemakers,
whofe work is held in great repute far and near, and who make
above thirty different forts of needles ; artificers in brafs, who among
other things make fine metal flioe-buckles ; ftocking-weavers, of whom
there are two hundred mafters in this town, who employ about three
hundred looms j tobacco-fpinners, tapiftry-weavers, who make fine
tapiftry, and divers of whom have removed to Viemia, Berlin, DreJden,
Stuttgardt, and other places, and there fet up the like manufadlures
; cloth and fiiuff-makers, cloth-fhearers and preparers. In this
town alfo is prepared an exceeding fine and beautiful meal, which is exported
far and near.
Sclywabach belonged anciently to the Dukes of Schii'abach,
and was made a donation of in 1 133 to the cloyfter of Eberach, by
Duke Frederick I. who arrived afterwards to be Emperor ; which cloyfter
difpofed of this place in 1281 to King Rudolph I. -From this lad it defcended
to the Counts of Najfau, who fold it to the Burggrave of Nürnberg,
which fale by fome has been afcribed to the Emperor Adolphin of Naff'au.
But there is a letter of purchafe extant, by which the firft, Burggrave Frederick
V. purchafed the markt of Schwabach at the fame time with the
forts of Kammerßein and Komburg, namely in 1364, in which very year
alfo he was invelled with thofe places by the Emperor Charles IV. In 1528
Vol. V. L 1 1 thofe

44-2 GERMANY, [Onolzback
thofe writings which are called the Articles of Schuvabach were drawn up
here, and were the beginning of the Augshufg confefTion. In 1529 an affembly
of the Proteftant States was held here. In 1632 it was befieged,
taken, and pkmdered by the Imperialißs, and at the fame time iniferably
laid wafte by famine and a plague. In 1686 the firft French refugees fettled
at this place.
At Kammerßeitjy which is a parochial-village lying near it, was anciently
a citadel, where the adminiflrators of the prefent upper-prefeäurate
of Sclnvabach originally refided. Out of the ftones of the ruinous citadel
here the Calvinijl church at Schwabach was built.
Rcicbefibach, a parochial-village and citadel.
2. Thejudge-amt of IVendelßeiii hz^ its feat at
IVendeljleiri, a well-built market- town, feated on the Schivarzach, and
in which the Imperial c\X.y o^ Nürnberg \s poffeffed of a co-feigniory. The
Burggrave Frederick II. or III. purchafed this judge-amt of the Landgraves
of heuchtenberg.
3. The judge-amt of Schwandt, which takes its name from
Schwajidt, a very ancient, large, and well built market-town, which formerly
enjoyed a criminal-court, and a peculiar territorial diftriä; of its own.
4. The judge-amt of Kornburg, lying at
Kornburg, a large market-town, in which is a marggravial toll. The
citadel here, together with certain eftates belonging to it, appertains, ever
fince the year 1753,
in which year the family of RicUr became extindl,.
to the hofpital of the Holy Ghoß in Nürnberg. The town itfelf was purchafed
in 1364 by the Burggrave Frederick V.
Ill, The upper-prefefturate of Cadolzbukg, to which belongs
1. Cadolzburg, a confiderable market-town, with a ftrong citadel in it,
and the feat of the upper-amt-office. The feigniory of Cadolzburg wasobtained
by the Burggrave ivWfr/f^ II. or III. in the year 1248, out of
the ducal inheritance of the family of Meran^ and in 1265 he inverted
therewith the abbey of Elivangen, but with a provifo that the fealty thereof
Ihould ceafe whenever he fliould obtain male-heirs, for which reafon it
was held by that abbey only for fixteen years. This place was formerly
a burggravial reiidence j and the Marggrave Charles William Frederick alfo
frequently refided there, and that too for a long time.
2. The towri-vogtev-amt of Langenzcnn, which has its feat at
Lajjgenzenn, anciently-named Cinna, or Cenna^ once a market-borough,
but now a Imall town, ieated on the river Zenn^ in which is
a good leathern
manufaftory. At this place alfo is a decanate. The ancient provoftfliip
here of Augiißine canons is fecularized, and belongs, ever fince the year
1621, to the princely houfe of Bayreuth.
3. The judge-amt of Rojk-ßol, ia the parochial village of Rofz-ßal^ the
citadel

'
Onolzbach.] GERMANY. 443
citadel belonging to which was formerly much celebrated. This place
devolved in the year 1292 from the family of Hcydeck to the burggravate.
4. The judge-amt of HciberfdcrJ, in the parochial-village cf Haberfdorf^
or Great-Haberjdorf.
5. The Hoj'mark Fürth is a large commercial and exceeding populous
place, feated on the river Rcdnitz, into which, below this town, the Regnitz
runs. Hofmark Fürth is built irregularly, the new ftreet excepted,-
buc contains notwithftanding many grand and fine houfes. In this town
refide an uncommon number of mechanics and artizans : Such as cannot
be received into the gilds or fraternities at Nürnberg, or for whom the
dues run too high, fettling here, where every peffon is certain of meeting
with reception. The 'Jews, who are very numerous at this place, conftitute
one third of the inhabitants; and have a great fchool and a print-ng-houfe
in the town. In \\\t Lutheran church here the Imperial city of Nürnberg is
poffefled of the right of patronage. The inhabitants are partly fubjecls of
Brandenburg-Onolzbach, and partly of Nürnberg, and partly alfo of the
chapter of Bamberg. The Burggraves of Nürnberg alio held here anciently
the Imperial prefidical-court ; but the chapter of Bamberg purchafed the
prefidical jurlfdidion in civil matters, in lieu of the j'early payment of
fifty florins for itfelf and fubjefts at Fürth and other places: The very
fubjedls too of the chapter in and about Furth are obliged to give in
yearly twenty-three mcafures of oats to the feigniory of Cadolzberg, and
perform foccage in other refpecfts. The fafe conduft commifTariate-amt
oi Onolzbach exercifes all criminal jurifdidlon. With this Hofmark are incorporated
certain villages.
IV. The upper- prefedurate of Burgthann, to which belongs
1. Burgthann, a mountain-citadel, feated on the Schwarzach. This
place was obtained by the Burggrave Frederick II. or III. in the year 1288,
of the Emperor Rtidolphiis. In it is the upper-amt and a revenue-office.
2. Upper-Fe7-rieden, a parochial-village, fo named by way of diflinöion
from the neighbouring village of Under-Ferrieden. The Burggrave John II.
purchafed this place in the year 1335 of the chapter oi AicMadt.
3. The vogt-amt of Schonberg, which is at
Schonberg, a citadel and parochial-village. The Imperial city of Nun:-
berg has contefted the criminal jurifdidtion here with the marggravial-houfe.
V. The upper-prefefturate of Roth, to which belongs
1. Roth, a fmall town, feated on a rivulet of the fame name, which below
this place runs into the Rednitz. Roth is the feat of the upper-prefedlurate,
and contains in it a ruinous caftle, with a fmall Latin fchool. In this
town alfo are weavers of ftockings, Spaniß lace, and ftuffs ; and i?c/Z; contains
in it alfo an Imperial afylum for fuch as have been accidentally guilty of
manflaughter.
2. The judge-amt oi Georgens-Gmiind, having its feat at
L 1 1 2 Georgens-

444 GERMAN T.
[Onolzbach.
Gcorgim-Gmundy which is a parochial-village.
VI. The upper-prefecturate of Stauff, containing
1. Stcrnff, a citadel, in which is the upper-amt-office. The Burggrave
Frederick IV, wa. invefted with this place in the year 1328 by the Emperor
Lewis of Bavaria.
2. Thalinejz.higy a market-town, feated on the Scbwat-zacb.
3. The vogtey-amt oi Geyern is poffeffed in common by the Marggraves
with the Barons Schenken of Geyern, whofe fhare in it is reckoned to appertain
to the noble canton o^ AltmiibL To this place belongs
Geyern, a citadel, feated on a mountain.
Ettenßadt, a parochial-village.
Nevfiingen, a market-town.
VII. The fortrefs of JVilzburg, or WuJzhiirg, ftands on a high mountain,
not far from the Imperial city of IVei[fenburg, and was formerly a
confiderable abbey of BenediBiiie Monks, which in the year 1588 was converted
into a fortrefs, and obtained by the Imperialilh by ftipulation in 1631..
VIII. The upper-prefefturate of Gunzenhausen, to which belongs
Gunzenbaufen, one of the chief towns of this principality, lying on the
Atmubl, and the place where the upper amt-man has his feat, as alfo the
feat of a revenue-office, and a decanate. Exclufive of the parifl>church
here, in it alfo is a hofpital with a church. This place was formerly in the
pofleffion of the Lords of Seckendorf, and was fold in 1368 to the Burggrave
Frederick V.
2. The vogt-amt of Weitnerfheim, m which is
Weimerßjeim, a borough, containing a decanate on a mountain. Hard
by this place flood the citadel of Fliglingen.
3. The revenue-amt oi JVeiJfenburg, or Witzburg, which lies in the Imperial
city of that name.
4. The adminiftratory-prefedturate of Wald, fituated in the parochialvillage
of Wald, on the Ältmuhl, and purchafed by the Burggrave Frederick V.
in the year 1375 of Conrad Fuchfen, which Burggrave was in the fame
year invefted therewith by the Emperor Charles IV. After this it was given
in fief to fome noble families, but reverted again in 1749.
IX. The upper-prefedurate of HoHENTRUDiNGEN. In it is
I. FLohentriidingen, a citadel, lying near the Hanenkam, or Haynkamy
(which is the name of a particular tradl of country) and the houfe from
whence the ancient^Counts of Truhendingen, or Hohentruhendifigen, derived
their original. After thefe Counts had fold this citadel, together with the
annexed feigniory, to the Counts of Oettingen, they had their refidence at
Gich and Gugel, and their feigniory in that tracSl extended over SefzlitZy
Ban:.iih, and Stuffenberg ; but at laft they declined ü greatly as no longer
to ftile themfelves Counts, but only Lords of Truhendingen. Their eftates
and fiefs fell partly to cloyfters, as for inftance to Lankheim, and were
partly

Onolzbach.] GERMANY. 445
partly made away with by fale. Their arms were two bends |-?J(?x, in a field
argent. The Elurggrave Frederick V. brought this fortrefs, together with
Heydenheim, to his own houfe in the year 1366.
2. The adminiftratory-prefefturate of Heydenheim has fprung up
out of an ancient cloyfter there. This prefecturate has its feat in the
market-town of Heydenheim.
3. The adminiftratory-prefedurate of Ostheim, lying in the borough
o{ Ojiheim. To this prefedurate alfo belonged the decayed caftle of Rcchenberg.
4. The adminiftratory-prefedurate of Berolzheim, in the markettown
of that name, which lies not far from the AltmuhL
5. The judge-amt of //^t'Z'/^^Wv;, fituated in the parochial-village of the
fame name.
6. The adminlflratory-prefedturate of Treuchtlingen, which has
its feat at
it,
TreiichtlingejT, a market-town, lying on the Altmuhl, with a citadel in
and a Proteftant and Ro}nan-cz\ho\\c church.
7. The adminiftratory-prefedlurate of Sollnhofen, fituated at
Sollnhofen, a market-town, lying on the Altmuhl, and having a houfc
for the making of mirrours.
X. The upper-prefeöurate of Wassertrudingen, to which belongs
Waffertrudingen, one of the head towns of this principality, lying on the
Wernitz, and containing in it a citadel, and being likewife the leat of the
upper-amt and revenue-office, as alfo of a decanate. This place anciently
belonged to the Counts of HoL\'utruhetidingen, from whom it fell fucceffively
to the Counts of Oettingen and Hobenlohe, and in 1371 ^^as difpoled of for
33,000 lb. weight of hellers to the Burggraves oi Nürnberg. In the year
1634 this place fufFered greatly by fire.
2. The cloyfter-amt of Anhäufen, feited in the parochial-village of
Auhaufcn on the Wernitz, and in which formerly flood a cloyfler of BencdiSiines.
3. The prefefturate of Rockingen, in which is- ^
Rockingen, a parochial-village and citadel. And
Reichenbach, alfo a village and citadel.
4. The adminiftratory-prefedlurate of Schwaningen, which is feated at
Schwaningen, or Upper-Schivaningen, a borough, containing a princely
palace, with a fine pleaüi re-garden to it.
5. The-vogt-amt of Witteljhofen, which has its feat af
Wittelßofen, a borough and citadel, lying on the river Sulz.
XI. The upper-prefefturate of Windsbach, to which belongs
I. Windsbach, a fmall town and citadel, lying on the Rednitz, and the
feat of the upper-amt and a revenue-office. This place belongad anciently
to the Counts of Oettingen^ of whom one of the family of Dornberg purchafed:

4|6 GERMAN T.
[Onolzbach.
chafed it, and gave it to his daughter, who was confort to one of the family
of Heydcck, as a portion. Of this lad Burggrave, Frederick II. or III.
purchafed it in the year 1292.
2. The cloyfter-amt of Hcihbrnn. In it is
Heihbrun, or Haihbron, a fmall town, feated on the rivulet of Schwabach,
and taking its name from a medicinal fpring there, which the Marggrave
Charles IFilUam Frederick caufed to be opened a-new and furrounded
with a wall. This place formerly contained in it a cloyfter of Cifiercians^
founded in 1132, but in 1582 this cloyfter was converted by the Marggrave
George Frederick into z gy^nnafnuyi illußre, and the revenues belonging
to it allotted to the ufe of the young ftudents. This gymnafiiim belonged
in common to both the reigning Marggravial houfes ; but was aboliflied in
17-^7, at which time each houfe applied its (liare in it to the ufe of the
gymnafium in their own refidence-towns.
feat
3. The adminiftratory-prefedurate of Merkendorf, which has its
at
Merkendorf, a fmall town, fold by Engelhard of Wolden, in the year
1368, to the Burggrave Frederick V. In the year 1648 this place was reduced
to adies. Till 1719 it belonged in common to the two marggravial
houfes ;
but in that year came to the houfe of Onolzbach alone.
4. The adminiftratory-prefedurate of Waitzendorf, fituated at
Waitzendorf, which is both a borough and citadel. This place was
alfo pofleffed by the princely houfe of Onolzbach, in common with the
princely houfe of Culmbach, till the year 1719.
XII.' The upper-prefecfturate of Feuchtwang : To it belongs
1. Feuchtwang, a town, feated on the river Sulz, and in which is the
upper-amt, a revenue, and adminiftration-office, as alfo a decanate. Near
the town church here formerly flood a foundation of regular canons. At
this place alfo is a Latin fchool. Feuchtwang was anciently an Imperial
city, but was mortgaged by the Emperor Charles IV. to the Burggraves for
the fum of 50,000 florins, and fully ceded by the Emperor Ruprecht in the
year 1365, on the payment of 20,000 florins more. In 1388 it was reduced
to aflies, and in 1645 taken with difliculty by the Bavarians.
2. The cIoyfl:er-adminiflration-amt of Sulz, which has its feat at
Sulz, a citadel and borough, lying on the river of that name, and formerly
containing a nunnery for ladies.
3 The vogt-amt of Bechhofen, which has its feat at
.
Bechhofen, a market-town, lying on the river JVieJet, and having a
fmall
caftle.
4. The vogt-amt of Forndorf, fituated at
Forndorf,
XIII.
a citadel and village.
Tfce upper-prefedturate of Creilsheim, to which belongs
I. Creilßeim, a town, feated on the river Jaxt, and containing a citadel.
5
I"

Onolzbach.] GERMANY. 447
In this town lies the upper-amt r.nd revenue-office, as alfo a cipltatlonoffice,
a decanate, a Lat'ni fchool and a hofpital. Creil/hcim was purchafed
in the year 1399 of the Landgrave yohn of Leuchtenberg.
Betwixt this town and Burgberg üood the citadel of Fhigelau, which
was purchaf.d at the fame time with Creilßieif?i of the Landgrave of
Leuchtenberg.
2. The revenue-amt of Bemberg and Wiefenbach. In it is
Bemberg, a borough, formerly containing a citadel.
Wiefenbach, aUb a borough.
3. The revenue-amt of Anhäufen and Lobenhaufen, in which is
Anhäufen, a borough, formerly containing a cloyfter oi Augußines.
Lobenhaufen, a borough, fituated on the Jaxt, and which in the year
1399 was purchafed of the Landgrave John oi Leuchtenberg. The citadel
here is fallen to decay.
4. The revenue-amt of Gerhardsbron. In it is
Gerhardsbron, or Gerabron, a market-borough, which, together with the
ruinous old caftle of ^^r^ifc^, was purchafed in 1399 of the Landgrave
yohn of Leuchtenberg.
5. The exchequer adminiflratory-amt oi Goldbach, which has its feat at
Goldbach, a parochial-village and citadel.
Rem. This village, together with Reimbron, Neuenkirchen, and Ingelßadty
as alfo a part of Giebeljladt, and other places and eftates, beloneed formerly
to the noble family of Geyer, the laft male-heir of which, named
Henry Wolfgang, was created Imperial Count of Geyer, in the year 1685,
and his feigniories and eftates exempted from the Imperial colleflanean of
nobles, and raifed to a county of the Empire, he himfelf being alfo received
in 1693 into the circle of Fraiiconia on the bench of Counts both
to feat and voice, after engaging for a certain matricular evaluation. But
this Count dying without male-heirs the greateft part of his eftates devolved
to the eledtoral-houfe ci Brandenburg, to which houfe he bequeathed
them in 1696, and fo early as the year 1 704 alfo ceded them. The Marggräve
Charles William Frederick marrying the royal Prußian Princefs Frederica
Louija, obtained with her the eftates formerly belonging to the Counts
of Geyer, which eftates were moftiy added to the upper-prefedurates of
Creilßmm, CregUngcn, and Uff'enheim.
XIV. The upper-prefedurate of Colmberg, to which belongs
1. Colmberg, a mountain-citadel and a market-town. The Burggrave
Frederick IV. purchafed this place in the year 1318, together with Lauterßjaufen,
of Count Frederick of Uruhendingen for 6,200 lb, weight of hellers.
2. The vogt-amt oi Leuterß:aujen, which has its feat at
Leuterfloaufen, a imall tov/n, feated on the river Altmubl, and containing
a decanate. The Surggrave Frederick IV. purchafed this, place in the
year 13 18 of Count Frederick of 'Truhendingen for 6,200 lb. weight of hellersj
at which time it was only a borough. 3. Tha

448 GERMANY.' [Onolzbach.
3. The judge-amt of Bmnß, in the village of that name.
4. The vogt-amt of Jochsberg^ formerly belonging to the noble fami-y
of ScckendorJ-,
Jocbiberg is a citadel and parochial-village feated on the river Altmuhl.

Mergentheim.] G E R M A N T.
2. At Egerf}:eim, a parochial-village, is an upper-amt bailiff. This town
is inhabited by the lubjc(fls of various Lords.
3. Hohlach, in ancient records c&Wed Hcbm/cch, a village, vv^hich is the
original place of the Counts of Hohenlohe.
4. T\\Q vev^nut-zmi oi Maynbernheim, having its feat at
Moynbernbeim^ a fmall town, lying not far from the river Mayn, and
which in the year 1366 was a town, and came in 1500 to the marggravi.il-houfe.
5. The revenue-amt o^ Stephanßerg, Vk^hich has its feat at
Stephanfberg, a citadel and borough, iituated not far from the river
Mayn, and environed by the territory of Wurzburg. This place was purchafed
in the year 1502.
6. The revenue and judge-amt o( Litfle-Lajikbeim, fituated at
Little-Lankheim, a market-town, which lies not far from the foregoing
place. The amt-office here is alfo denominated from the ruinous citadel
4^^
of Cnßell, fituate not far from it.
7. The revenue-amt of Brixenftadt, which has its feat at
Brixenßadt, or Prichfenßadt, a fmall town, lying on the borders of the
county of Caßell, and which was purchafed by the Burggrave Frederick V\
in the year 1381, of King IVenzel oi Bohemia. In 1632 this place was
taken by the Imperialifls, by whom it was plundered and laid wafle. Here
is ftill an ordinary Imperial immunity or alylum, for fuch as have accidentally
been guilty of man-flaughter.
8. The prefedturate of Furstenforst, which takes its name from a
ruinous citadel, and is environed by the bifliopric of Bamberg, being fituated
in the neighbourhood of Burg-Hafzlach.
XVII. The marggravial-houfe of Onolzbach is alfo pofTefled of a fhare
in the large village of Randerßicker in the bilhopric of Wurzburg.
Of the T E u T o N I c K Order m general^ hut w
particular of the Maßerdorn o/" Mergenth eim^
and the Bailimck of Franconia.
§. I. ' I ""HE Teutonick order was founded in the year 11 90 in Pakßiney
* and the Knights of this order were called Knights of the
Virgin Mary, or brothers of
the 'Teutonick houfe of our Lady of yerujalern.
They are to bind themfelves by vow to the defence of the Chrißian!
religion and the Holy Land,
and likewife to the lervice of the poor and ück;
Vol. V. M m m i-)

450 GERMANY. [Mergeiithdm.
to be all of them Germans, and of true ancient nobility. Pope Celeßine III.
confirmed this order in 1191, fubjedling it to the rule of St. Augufiine.
A like confirmation enfued alfo from the Emperor Henry VI. For its hrfl
fuperior or head was chofen Henry of Waldpott Bajfenheiw , to whom fucceedcd
ii) the dignity of grand mafter Otto of Karpen, Henry Bart and
Hermann oi Saha. The Saracens proving too powerful in Pakliitie the laftnientioned
grand mafter retired from Jerufalcm to Venice, where he received
an embafly from Duke Conrad of the Mafau, who applied to him and
the Teiitonick order for afllftance againft the ethnical Frußiaits. The order
complied with the requefl of this embaily, the property of all lands wliich
it lliould gain of the Pruffians being fecured to it by the ftipulations of
1226 and 1228, and the country of Culm and Dobrina likewife ceded to it.
The grand mafters therefore removed firf? from Venice to Marburg., and
aiterwards to Marienburg in Frnjfia. The order, indeed, gradually lubdued
all Pruffia, Courland, Semigallia, and Livonia, but again loft thefe
countries. But the grand mafter -^/i^rfr/j/, Marggrave of £r

Mergentheim.] GERMANY, 451
§.4. Thefe Knights muft be of true old German nobility and prove their
defcent. Both /?i)?»(^/?/-catholics and Protcftants may be inverted with the
order, and the Proteftant Knighis are permitted to many. On folema
occafions the Knights wear a white mantle with a black crofs upon it, edged
with a rim of fiiver. In other refpedts their drefs is the fame with that
of other feculars, though not ornamented with the liveliefl: or gayeft
colours, and they bear a golden crofs, as before defcribed. This order has
alfo its prierts, who are fubjed: to the rules of St. Augußine.
§. 5. The feigniories and efiates, which the T^eiitonick order is ftill poflefled
of in Germany (for of them only we (l^all here fpeak) and which they obtained
partly by purchafe and partly by donation, lying contiguous, they
would form a confiderable principality. Thefe eftates confift in general of
what is properly called the mafterdom of McTgejitheim and twelve bailiwicks.
The regency at Mergenthdm confifts of a vice-ftatholder, prefi-
,
dents, houfe-commendaries and purveyors, together with a certain number
of privy, regency, fpiritual and chamber-counfellors. The bailiwicks, or
provinces here, are to this very day divided into the bailiwicks of the
Frußian and German territories. The former confift of the bailiwicks of
Aljace, Aiißria, Coblenz and Etfch ;
the latter of the bailiwicks of Franconia.
Old Bießn, IFeßphaiia, Lorrain, Heße, Saxony, Thiiringia and Utrecht.
Thefe bailiwicks are governed by provincial commendars (in Latin ftiled commendaiores
prcvinciales, or archi-comme?idatores) who are chofen out of the
counfellors, or ccnßliarii, and confirmed by the grand-mafler. Thefe, together
with the counfellors, conftitute the chapter, which is either fummoned
to Mergentheim , or fome other place, belonging to the order, and
both are pofTefled of the right of chooling a grand-mafter. In the chanceries
of the bailiwicks, befides the provincial commendars, fit alio fome
counfellors, who are Knights of the order, together with- a certain number
of bailiwick or chancery-coanfeiiors, and fecretaries and clerks of that office.
In weighty matters appeals lie from thefe chanceries to the grand-mafter.
The bailiwicks here are divided into commendaries, in Latin commendce^
which are adminiftered by commendars and again fubdivided into prefeäurates.
A houfe-commendar looks to all judicial matters, difcuffing the
fmaller and referring affairs of greater importance either to the common or
provincial-commendar, under whom he ftands-. To the four laft of the
above-mentioned bailiwicks, and their annexed commendaries, for the moft
part, all Protefl;ant Knights come ; but thefe again, as well as the Romancatholics,
are fubjedl to the grand-mafler.
§. 6. In what is properly the mafterdom here the grand-mafter exercifes.
fuch fuperiority, or fovereignty, as an immediate State of the Empire enjoys,
and is alfo inverted with fuch over the greatert part of the commendaries
of the bailiwick of Franconia. The provincial-commendars of the
bailiwicks oi Aljace and Ccblenz are immediate States of the Empire, and at
M m m 2
tlie

\^^
G E R M A N r. [Mergentheim:
the Diet thereof enjoy both feat and voice. On the contrary, the other provincial
commendars here are confidered and treated as fubjeds to thofe in
whofe territories they refide.
§. 7. To the circle of Franconla belongs only the proper mafterdom of
Mergenthehn and the bailiwick of Franco?na, and of them too we are here
properly to treat ; but in order to lay before us, in one view, what belongs
to this order in Germanyj I (hall here prefent the reader with a general but
imperfed flcetch of it.
MERGENrHEIM.
L The M A S T E R D O M of
In it is,
1. Mergenthehn y Mergenthal, or Marienthal, in Latin Fal/is Man'a Vir^
giniSy a fmall town, feated on the Tauber, and the refidence of the grand
and Teutonick mafter, as alfo the feat of the regency above defcribed, §. 5.
In it too is a gymnafium, together with a Jeminariutn preßsyierorum & alumnoriim
and an amt-office, Henry of Hobenlohe, who had been Teutonick
mafter, made a donation of this place, in the year 1220, to the order. In
1631, this town was taken by the Swedißo general and field-marfhal Count
Gujavus Horn, and with its appendages made a feigniory in his favour, and
the Proteftant dodlrine introduced there ; but this regulation did not continue
long. At Mergentk'im is a rural-deanry belonging to the ecclefiaftical jurifdidlion
of Wurzburg.
2. Neuham, a citadel, ftanding on a mountain not far from the town,
and the ordinary refidence of the grand and Teutonick Mafter. In it is an
amt-office.
3. The vop-ty 0^ Hutfenheim, fituated in the great village of that name,
about one hour's diftance from Seinßoeim, in which co-inheritance divers
feigniories are poflefled
of a fhare.
4. The prefedlurate of Dallau.
5. The adminiftration of HiUbach.
6. The adminiftration oi Heuchelheim,
7. That of Kirnbach.
8. That of Stupferich.
9. That of Weingarten.
10. The prefeclurate of Weinheim.
11. The commendary of Horneck, which belongs alfo to the domains,
and not to the bailiwick, of Franconia. This diftrid is a fief of the biftiopric
oi Worms, and, by virtue of a ftipulatiou of the year 1712, whenever
a biftiop

Franconia.]
GERMANY.
a bifhop of JVorms or a grand Teutonick mafter dies, is within a year and
day to be received in fief of each commendator there. To it belou'Ts
Horncck, a citadel, lying on the Neckar, and
Gundelß:eim, a market-town, feated on the fame river.
Rem. The commendator of Horneck is at the fame time upper amtman
of the territory of Scheuerberg.
12. The prefedurate of Neckarsulm, which has its feat at
Neckarfulm, a fmall town, near which the rivulet of Sulm falls into the
Neckar. At this place is a rural deanry belonging to the ecclefiaftical jiirifdidfion
of Wurzbiirg.
13. The prefedurate of Kirchhausen is environed by the territory
of the Eledor-palatine J
and, becaufe the fuhjeds belonging thereto continued
faithful and obedient above others to the order during the peafants
war in the fixteenth century, they have obtained for themfelves and poflerity
certain prerogatives fuperior to thofe of others.
14. The citadel and prefedturate of Stocksberg.
15. The prefedurate of Va INGEN.
16. The commendary of Sebus at Kron-JVeiJJlmburg in the Lo'wer-jiJface.
17. The commendary of Frankfort, on the river Mayn. See above,
p. 144.
1 8. The commendary of Mentz.
19. The commendary oi Spire. See above, p. 144.
453
FRANCONIA,
II. The Bailiwick of
Which takes its name, indeed from Franconia, but the commendarlcs
belonging to it lie not all there, but partly in the neighbouring and partly
even in diftant countries.
In the circle of Franconia lie the following ; viz.
I. The commendzry of Oellingen or EHingen, which is furrounded by the
Onolzbach upper-prdfedurate of Gtinzenhaufen, and contains in it,
I. The prefedurate of Oellingen : in which is
Oellingen, or Ellingen, a little market-town, lying on the Sivabian
Retzat, with a fine citadel belonging to it. This place is the ufual refidence
of the provincial commendator of the bailiwick of Franconia. In it
alfo is a houfe commendator, an archited and a purveyor. Not far from it
too ftands a cloyfler.
'
IVeiboläß^aufen, a Proteftant parochial-village.
The villages and hamlets of Abersfeld, Blafenhof, Guniersbach, Lauierbron,
Oberndorf, Ottmannsfeld, St. Veti, Vcits-Erlbach and Zell.
Hettingen,

454 GERMANY. [Franconla.
Hettingen, a Proteftant parochial-village.
A'eßetm, a village, for the moft part belonging to this prefedturate j and
Several mills.
2. The prefecturate of Stopfenheim, confiding of
Stopfenheim, a borough, in which is
a citadel and a i?(?w

Franconia.] GERMANY.
455
2. The prefeiflurate of PosTBAUR : in which is
Poßbaiir, a Roman-czih.o\\c parochial-village : and
Keinmaten, alfo a village.
3. The prefedlurate of Eschenbach: in which is
Efchenbach, a fm all town, of about two hundred houfes : together with
The petty villages of Adehnanyifdorf^ Bitterbacb, Waitzcndorf^ and
Kentern.
IV. The commendary of Wurzburg\\z.% its feat at Wurzburg, in which
is a houfe and church of the Teut07iick order ; but its appendages we are at
prefent ignorant of.
V. The commendary of Miinnerßadt., in the town of that name and
the appendages of which alfo I am not able now
the bifliopric of Wurzbiirg,
to affign.
In the circle of Swabia.
VI. The commendary of Heilbrcnn has its feat in the Imperial city of
that name, in which is a fine houfe belonging to the Teutonick order. To
this commendary appertains
Wimmenthal, a large village, lying not far from the tow-n.
Sondheim, a village, feated on the Neckar.
Dalheitn, or Thalbeim, a village, and
Degmarn, lying on the Kocher.
VIL The commendary of Oettingen has its feat in the head-town of tiie
Counts of that name. The principal places belonging to this commendary
have been (hewn above, p. 236.
VIII. The commendary of Kapfenburg lies between the county of Oetfingen,
and the provoftfliip of E/wangen, and was formerly a prefedturate of
the Counts of Oettingen. To this commendary, exclufive of other eflates,
belongs
Kapfenburg, a citadel and village ; and
Lauchheim, a fmall market-town, together with
The villages of Braßelburg, Hohenloch, Michelfeldy Waldhaufcn, and feveral
other hamlets.
IX. The commendary of Vim has its feat in the Imperial city of that
name, and comprizes, exclufive of other eftates,
Bollijigen, a village.
Bettingen, alfo a village ; and
Setzingen, a village, feated on the river Lo?tthal.
Rem. Concerning the ancient commendary of Wmnaiden, or JFl/mcvthaL
See above, p. 195.
In

456 G E R M A N r. ^' [Franconia.
In the circle of Bavaria.
thereof,
X. The commendaiy oi DoTiawwerth, having its feat in the town of that
name, which was formerly an Imperial city, but at prefent belongs to the
Eledor of Bavaria. To this commendary, among other places, is alfo
annexed
Lmiterbach, a village, which, with the jurifdifHon and all rights and fruits
belongs to the commendary; but over which the Imperial adminiflration
of Worth is poffefl'ed of the blood-bann, or criminal-jurifdidion
there, as has been mentioned above, p-333-
XL The commendary of Blianenthal, which lies in Upper-Bavaria, the
rent-amt of Munich and the adminiflration-court of Aicha. See above,
p. 334. where this commendary has, through miftake, been affigned to
the order of St. John.
XII. The commendary of Gankofen, or Genghofett, having its feat in the
market of this name, which lies in Lower-Bavaria in the rent-amt of
Landßnit. See above, p. 343.
XIII. The commendary of Raiisbon, fituated in the Imperial city of
Ratisbo)jj
prefent.
but of the appendages to which I am able to adduce nothing at
In the eledloral Rhenißj circle.
XIV. The commendary of Fritzlar, feated in the town of that name»
which belongs to the Eledor of Meniz, but the appendages to which I am
alfo ignorant of.
'0'
In the upper Rhejiiß circle.
XV. The commendary of Kloppenheint, which has its name from the
village of Kloppenheim, in the feigniory of Wisbaden, belonging to Ncijfou-
Saarbruck-Ufing. See p. 93. The appendages to this commendary alfo
are unknown to me.
In
Silefia.
XVI. The commendary of Namjlau, fituated in the town of Namflai^y
in the principality of Brcßau.
XVII. The feigniory of Freiidenthal, lying m Upper-Sikfia, on the borders
of Mora-jia, and being a guardiandiip, which, exclufive of the little
town of Freudenthal and Wurbenthal, and the borough oi Engelsberg, comprizes
in it feveral villages. This commendary is more circumltantially
defcribed under Silefia,
In

Allace.] GERMANY.
457
In
Moravia.
XVIII. The feigniory of Eiiknberg, which lies in Moravia, in the circle
of Olmiitz. The market-town of Eulenberg is called in the Moravian So'winec.
See Vol. ir. p. 106.
XIX. The feigniory of Biifow.
The remaining bailiwicks belonging to the Teutonick order, but which
are not annexed to the circle
oi Franconia.
III.
ALSACE zxi^
The Bailiwick of
BURGUNDY,
This bailiwick comprizes in it the following commanderies : -viz.
In the circle of Swabia,
1. The commandery of yf//ri6öz//^«. The provincial commandator of the
bailiwick oi Alface and Burgundy has his feat at the citadel oi Alfchaufen, and
on account of this commandery enjoys both feat and voice at the Diets of
the circle of Swabia, and likewife at the Diet of the Empire. See above,
p. 258.
2. The commanderies oi Rohr and Waldßetten. See above, p. 258.
3. The commandery of iWd'/W«. See above, p. 259.
4. The commandery of Beuggen, in the Brifgau. The village of
Beuggen, or Beucken, lies near the foreft-town of Rheinfelden. See above,
p. 259. This commandam is alfo called Bruggen-, but this appears to be
an error of the prefs.
5. The commandery of F/-c_}'i^«rg-, mxht Brifgau. See above, p. 259,
In
Swijferland,
6. The commandery of Hitzkirch, or Hirzkilch, fituate in what formerly
conflituted the county of Rohr, but which now pafTes under the title
of the free amts.
The commandery-houfe here flands hard by the Heidiger
See,
or lake.
7. The commandery of BafeL
In the Sundgau,
8. The commandery of Muhlhaufe?i, which is in league with the
cantons.
Vol. V. N n n 9. The

45? GERMANY. [Auftria.
9. The commandery of Rixheitn, in the village of Rixhelm, or Rixen^
and the prefedlurate of Landfer.
10. The commandery of Ottmarßmm, or Ottmarfen, a market-town, alfo
lying in the prefedurate of Landfer^
not far from the Rhine.
In
Upper- Aljace,
11. The commandery oi Gebiveikr, fituated in the nhhty o? Muj-bacb.
12. The commandery oi Rujfdch, which is a town feated in the Upper-
Mundat, and belonging to the bifhopric of Strafzburg.
13. The commandery of Ä'i;z//(?n/^^rg-, which being formerly an Imperial
city, lies in the land-vogtey of Hagenau.
In
Lower-Alface.
14. The commandery of -^W/^«, which is afmall foundationary-town.
15. The commandery of 5'/r^/2;^«rg-.
Rem. Whether the crown of France has, agreeably to the treaties of
Ryfivick and Baaden, again reftored the commandaries of the bailiwicks of
Alface and Lorrain, which were taken, in the foregoing century from the
Tetitonick order, and conferred upon the order of St. Lazarus, I know
AUSTRIA.
not.
IV. The Bailiwick of
Of this bailiwick I have treated in Vol. iv. p. 156. but not fully; for
which reafon I fhall here give a more ample account of it. To this
bailiwick belongs,
1. The T^eiitonkk court of Vienna, with the church in it of St. Elizabeth.
At this place is the feat of the provincial-commandator of the
bailiwick,
2. The commandery of A'^wy?^^/, m Lower-Außria.
3. The commandery near Gratz, which is the principal town in all
S/iria, and on an eminence, in which the Teutonick houfe ftands on the
rivulet of Lech.
4. The commandery oi Merefintza and Great- Somitag, in Loiver-Stiria,
fituated between the towns of Fettau and Fridau, not far from the river
Danube.
5. The commandery of Löy^^f/^, lying in the head town of Carniola.
See Vol. iv. p. 2 10.
6. The

Coblenz.]
GERMANY.
6. The commandery oi Mottling and Tjchernemhl in Carniola. See Vol. iv«
p. 216.
7. The commandery of St. George, \n the Sandhofy as alfo that of Freifach
in Carinthia, in the territory of Salzburg.
8. The commandery of Linz, which is the head-town in all Upper-
Außria, See Vol. iv. p. 178.
Rem. Formerly there was alfo at Brixe?j, in Tyrol, a commander}' belonging
to this bailiwick i
but, in the year 1622, this commandery fell to
the Jefuits at Gorz.
459
V. The Bailiwick fituated on the
E T S C H and thQ G E B I R G,
Which is in Tyrol, and has been defcribed in Vol. iv. p. 229. To this
bailiwick
belongs,
1. The commandery of Wegenflein.
2. The Teutonick houfe of Trent.
3. The commandery of Lengmofz on the Ritten.
4. The Teutonick houfe at Storzing.
5. The jurifdiäion of Schlanders.
COBLENZ:
VI. The B A I L I w I c K of
The provincial commandator of this bailiwick, who has his refidence at
Cologn, enjoys both feat and voice at the Diets of the circle of Weßphaiia
and likewife at the Diet of the Empire. See Vol.iv. p. 552. To
it
belongs,
1. The commandery of Coblenz, in the archbiftiopric of Treves.
2. The commandery of Linz, in the archbifhopric of Cologn.
3. The commandery of Cologn.
4. The commandery of Waldbreitbach and Rheinberg, fituated in the
arclDiüiopric of Cologn.
5. The commandery of Trarr.
6. The commandery of Muffendorf.
7. The commandery of Mecheln, in the Netherlands, which is called
Pitzenburg,
N n n 2
VII. The

^60
GERMANY, [Weftphalia,
OLD-BIESEN.
VII. The Bailiwick of
The commanderies belonging to this bailiwick lie partly in
Germany and
partly in the Netherlands, and the bailiwick itfelf received its rife in the
year 1220.
1. The commandery of Old-Biefen, in Latin Domus Juncetana, lies in
the bifliopric oi Liege. See Vol. iv. p. 333.
2. The commandery of New-Biejen, or fimply Biefen, is feated in the
Imperial city of Cologn.
3. The commandery of Maaßrickt, in which is a Teutonick houfe
and a church, and the feat alfo of the provincial-commandator of this
bailiwick.
4. The commandery of Sierßorp, in the dutchy of JuUcrs. See above,
Vol. iv. p. 403, where the miftake made concerning it is to be correded.
c. The commandery of Bcrnß^eim.
6. The commandery of Genwiert, in the dutchy of Brabant, as alfb its
Meyerey of Bois-k-Duc, lying not far from Hehnont.
7. The commandery of Beekevort, alfo fituated in the dutchy of Bra"
bant-, in the Louvain quarter, and province of Sihen.
8. The commandery of Gruterode and Feucht.
9. That of Beckenfurt.
10. The commandery of Oedingen and Holt.
1 1. The commandery o{ Ramerfdorf.
J 2. That of St. Peters Voeren, fituated in the dutchy of Limburg.
13. The commandery of St. Giles, at Aix la Chapelle.
WESrPHALIA.
VIII. The Bailiwick of
This bailiwick lies in the circle of Weßphalia, and comprizes in it the following
commanderies :
'viz.
I. The commandery of Munßer. See Vol.iv. p. 320.
-2. The commandery of Ofnabruck. See Vol. iv. p. 339.
3. The commandery of I)/«j/^icr^. See above, p. 593-
4. The commandery of Brakel, in the biiliopric of Paderborn.
j;. The commandery of Welnien.
6. The commandery of Mahlenburg.
7. The con^^mandery of Molheim.
'
IX.
The

Saxony.] C E R M A N Ti 461
IX. The Bailiwick of
L R R A I N.
To this bailiwick belong, among other places, the following commanderies
:
viz.
1. The commandery of Treves, which is the principal town of the archbifliopric
of that name
2. The commandery of Beckingen.
3 The
HESSE.
commandery of MeinfieJel.
.
X. The Bailiwick of
This bailiwick comprizes in it the following commanderies : viz.
1. The commandery of M^zri^wrg-, wherein the provincial-commander of
this bailiwick refides. See Vol.iv. p. 193.
2. The commandery of Schiffenberg. See Vol. iv. p. 208.
3. The commandery of Upper-Forßoeim, in the upper-prefedurate of
Alzey^ in the eledorate-palatine.
The Bailiwick of
XI.
S A NY:
X
Containing in
it,
1. The commandery of Liicklum, in the dutchy oi Brunpwick-Wolfenbuttely
where the provincial-commandator has his refidence.
2. The commandery of Langeln, fituated in the county oi Wernigerode.
3. The commandery of Dommitzfch, which is a market-town in the
eledloral-circle,
4. The commandery of Buroiv, lying in the Prince of Zerbßi fliare of
the principality of Anhalt.
5. The commandery of Weddingen, fituated in the bifhopric of Hildeßoeitn.
6. The commandery of Gottingen, in the principality of Calenberg.
Rem. The ancient commandery of ^c^fw, in the dutchy of AfiJ§-^Z?^i'/r^,
was fold to the eleitoral-houfe of Brandenburg. Whether the commandery
of Danjdorf, which I alfo find mentioned, be ftill in being, and to be
c
found

402 GERMANY, [Henneberg.
found in the parochial-village of that name, in the eledoral circle and the
prefedurate oi Behig, I cannot affirm with any degree of certainty.
rnuRiNGiA.
XII. The C O M M E N D A R Y of
In it is,
1. The commandery of Gr'iffliadty on the U?ißrut, fituate between Weiffenfee
and Sachjefiburg.
2. The commandery of Liebßadt, on the Saale, lying not far from Jena,
and being the head-town of this bailiwick.
3. The commandery oiNegelßetty or Nielfletty on the XJnßrut, fituatc not
far from Langenjaha.
XIII. The Bailiwick
CHT.
of
U T R E
According to common report, this bailiwick is fupprefled : but as the
new genealogical, fchematical. Imperial and political-manual, mentions by
name the prefent provincial-commandator thereof, it muft be ftill in being,
though I am not able to give any account of it.
HENNE
The Princely-County
BERG.
of
§. I. ^'^ANSSON, Schenk and Valk, have published land-charts of this
county, but their charts are greatly furpafled by that publifhed by
Homann^ heirs in the year 1743, which were delineated by "J.G.Kufil under
the infpedtion of 'Joh. 'Jacob Zink, aulic-counfellor of Saxe-Meinufigen. This
chart, in the Atlas of Germany, conftitutes the feventieth.
§. 2. This county terminates, to the eaft, on the principalities oi Coburg
and Schwarzenberg ; to the north, on tho(e of Gotha and Eißnaci ; to the
weft, onthe landgravate of Ä^^ and the oifhcpric of Fulda, and, to the
fouth, on the bifhopric of Wurzburg. Its extent, from north to fouth, amounts
pretty nearly to fix German miles j and, from weft to eaft to about five and
a half. §.3. In

Henneberg.] GERMANY. 463
§. 3. In mod of Its diftriös agriculture is purfued with tolerable profit
and fucctfs. In ibme places alio tobacco is cultivated. Near Ilmenau are
even yet mines of copper and lilver, and Vi'ith refpedt to thofe of iron and
fleel they are ftill more numerous here. At Salziingen and Schmalkalden
is made lalt, and in fome places alfo are medicinal fprings. The principal
river in this country is the IVerra, which comes out of the principality of
Hildbwghaufen, and near the village of Sigritz enters the county of Henneberg
where, after dividing itfelf into two parts, it receives into it the little
rivers of Schleufz^ Schimrza, Felde, and other fmaller flreams, continues
its
courfe through this country into the landgravate of Hejfe.
§. 4. In it we find ten boroughs and five market-towns.
§. 5. No other religion than that of the Luchera?is is ufually praftifed
here, excepting that at Schmalkalden is alfo a Proteftant Cahoinijl church. At
Schletifmgen is a gymnajiwn, and in the other towns are alfo pstty Lati?i
fchools.
§. 6. Befides the fuftian-manufadares at Meinungen and Suhla, and thofe -
likewife for arms, iron, and fteel at Suhla and Schfnalkalden, there are no
other manufadlures of any confideration in this country.
§. 7. The very ancient family of the former Counts of Hcnnebcrg firft
began to alTume that title in the eleventh century. In the thirteenth century
it was divided into three principal lines ; namely, into thofe of Schleufj?ig,
Afchach, and Harienberg, ' In the year 1310 Count Berthold X. was
raifed to the princely dignity; notwithftanding which the Princes of He?j-
7ieberg have generally made ufe of the title of Count. Exclufive of what
is even at this day reckoned as belonging to the princely county of Henneberg,
that houfe has alfo been in the poffefiion of the prefent principalities
of Coburg and Hildburghaujen, which are called the new feigniory of Henneberg;
as likewife of the prefedlurate oi Fijchberg, which the foundation of
Fulda has again releafed, and feveral other places, which are now fallen to
the bifliopric oi Wurzburg. In 1554 the Princes William and George Er-
Tiefl entered into a league of fuccelTion with the princely houfes of Saxe-
Coburg and HeJfe. But the male flock of Henneberg becoming extinft in
the year 1583 in the perfon of Prince George Erneji, the proper princely
county, or old feigniory of Henneberg, devolved to Saxe-Coburg, and the
town and feigniory of Schmalkalden wholly to the houfe o^ Heffe, The places
and eftates, which the biOiopric o^ Wurzburg has obtained, were incorporated
with that fee before the extindion of the Princes of Hennebcrg. The abovementioned
country foon departed from the line oi Saxe-Coburg, and was both
pofTeffed and governed in common by the eledloral houfe of Saxony, and the
Dukes o{ Saxony, Altenburg, and Weimar. The Eleftor 'John George I. left his
fliare therein to his youngeft fon Duke Maurice. But the princely fliarers of
the county coming to confider the inconveniency of their government
thereof came to an agreement in 1660, at Weimar^ concerning a divifion of
the

464. GERMANY. [Henneberg.
the country, by which divifion the eledloral houfe of Saxony obtained the
fliare it is poffefled of at this day. Duke Frederick William II. founder of
the line of Altenhurg^ obtained the towns and amts of Meinungen, Mafzfeld,
and TIjemar, as alfo the vogtey of Behrungen and other places for his
Ihare ; which places, after the death of his fon Duke Frederick William III.
which happened in 1672, fell to Duke Erncfl III. founder of the line of
Gotha, and after his death were divided in fuch a manner between his third
and fourth fons Bernhard and Henry, that the former obtained Meinungen^
Mafzjeld, Wafitngcn, Sand, Breitungen, and Salziingen ; the latter, Roj7ihi!d,
Behrungen, Thetnar, and other places. Duke Bernhard of Saxe-Meinungen
tranfmitted his country hereditarily to his fon Duke Rrneß Lewis, and
the latter alfo to his fon Duke Antony Ulrich. Duke Erneß of Romhild dying
without heirs in the year 17 10, his fliare of the country fell to the
princely houfes of Meinungen, Gotha, Saaljeld, and Hildburghaufen. Duke
William oi Saxe-Weimar obtained in the divifion of 1660 the prelent
Weimar fliare in this princely county ; which was, indeed, divided among
the lines of Weimar and Eifenach, which were defcended frcm him : But
in 1741, the latter of thefe lines becoming extincft, it fell again entirely to
the former. At prelent the princely county of Hemieberg has the following
Lords for its polfeßbrs, namely, the Eledtor of Saxony, the Dukes of Saxe-
Weimar, Meinungen, Gotha, Coburg-Saaljeld, and Hilburghaujen, and the
Landgrave oi Hejfe-Cajfel.
§. 8. The above-mentioned Saxon Dukes bear this country in their titles,
in as much as on account of their feveral {hares therein, they ftile themfelves
princely Counts of Henneberg. The armorial fliield of Henneberg is divided
into four fields. In the firft and fourth is a pillar crowned in a field
gules, and in the fecond and third a hen fable, with red comb and creft,
placed on a mount verte, in a field Or. The Dukes of Saxony, after the
extincflion of the princely male line of Henneberg, adopted the Henneberg
hen into their armorial Ihield.
§. 9, At the Diet of the Empire in the council of Princes thereof
is, on account of the princely county of Henneberg, one voice,
which is alternately poiTefied by the Eleclor of Saxoiiy and the Dukes of
Saxe-Weimar and Hildburghaufen. At the Diets of the circle oi Franconia,
on account thereof, are three voices on the bench of Princes, which are
called the Henneberg-Schleufingen, the Hennebog-RotJihild, and Henneberg-
Schmalkdden voice. In the beginning of the fixteenth century the billiopric
of V/urzburg wanted, on account of the eftates formerly belonging to
Hennebcrg which it is in pofltflion of, to have alio a voice in the circle, but
was not able to procure one. The Imperial and circular matricular evaluation
of this country amounts to one hundred and ninety florins, which
evaluation is divided in fuch a manner that the Eledlor of Saxony on account
of Schleufmgeny contributes thereto the fum of forty-feven florins,
fifty

;
Henneberg.] G E R M A I^ T. 465
fifty-nine krukzers and a half;
Saxe- Meinungen the Tum of fifty-five florins,
fixteen kruitzers and a quarter ; Themar, or Saxe-Gotba, thirteen florins,
üfty-five kruitzers and a half; Bebrungen, or Saxe-Hildburghciußn, two florins,
twenty-nine kruitzers and three quarters ; Meh's, or Saxe-Gotha, fortyfive
kruitzers ; Ilmenau, or S^xe-Weimar, ten florins, feventeen kruitzers
Kalten Nordheiin, or Saxe-Weimar, alfo ten florins, feventeen kruitzers ;
i?off;/VW thirty-three florins; and SchmalkaUen, or Heje-Cajpl üxie^n. With
refpedl to the chamber-terms, there occur, on account of this country, ia
the ufual matricula, the following articles : viz. HennebergSchleufwgen pays
to each term one hundred and ninety rixdoUars, thirty-fix kruitzers; the
Eledor of 5öA'C7{y feventy-nine rixdoUars, fixteen kruitzers; Saxe-Mcinungen
fixty-three rixdoUars, thirty-nine kruitzers ; Saxe-JVeinwr thirteen rixdollars,
eighty-one kruitzers and three quarters ; Saxe-Etfenach thirteen rixdoUars,
eighty-one kruitzers and three quarters ; Saxe-Hildburgbaujen two
rixdoUars leventy-eight kruitzers ; Saxe-Gotha fixteen rixdoUars, feventyfeven
kruitzers ; Heffe-CaJJel, on account of Henneberg-Scbmalkalden., alfo
nineteen rixdoUars, eight kruitzers and a half; the biUiopric of iVurzburg^
on account of the Henneberg lands, forty rixdoUars, thirty-three kruitzers
znd Saxe-Meinungen, on iLccount of Henneberg-RombilJ, eighty- one rixdollars,
fourteen kruitzers and a half. The princely Counts of Henneberg are
hereditarily marlhals of the bifhopric of fFurzburg.
§. 10. Having given this general account of the country of Henneberg,
we are now more accurately to defcribe the fliares which each of the
above-mentioned (§. 7.) princely houfes is poflTefled of in this princely
county.
I. The eledloral houfe of Saxony,
In its fliare of the country which reverted to It on the death of Duke
Maurice William of Saxe-Zeitz, adminifters all regency and chamber matters
by v/hat is called a fuperintendent-amt, or fuperintendency. Confiftorial
aff"airs here the confiftory looks to, and the country itfelf is divided
in the following manner: I'iz.
I. Into the town and prefeclurate of Schleusingen. In it is
Schleufwgen, formerly the refidence-town of the Princes of Hekneherg,
and at prefent the feat of the eleäoral Saxcn fuperintendency, lying on the
little river Scbleufz, and having a citadel. This town is not large, and on
account of the adjoining Thuringian wood, has but little land fit for tillage.
In it, however, is a fuperintendency, and a gymnaßum, which Prince George
Emejl caufed to be oonfecrated in the year 1577, and which belongs in
common to all the Dukes of Saxony, who are poffelTed of any flure in the
princely county of Hennebcrg. Scbleußngen alfo contains a commendary beloni^ing
to the order of St. Jokn which was founded in 1291. The town-
VoL. V, O o o council

.
466 GERMANY. [Henneberg.
Council here is immediately fubjefl: to the Prince. This place was entirely
confumed by fire in 1553, and the greateft part of it alfo in 1632.
The Wilhehmhrunn is a medicinal Spring rifing in a woody tradt about
one half hour's diilance to the fouth of Schleufingen.
Hitjchbach, a village, feated on iht Erla, wherein arefome iron forges.
Hindernau, a parochial-village, together with divers other villages and
feats.
2. The prefedlurate of Suhla, to which belongs
SiihJa,
an open town, lying on the nvcv Hofe/, and being the feat of a fuperintendency.
This place contains in it fome manufadlures of fteel, as
alfo fuftians and ticks, which were once however of greater importance
than at prefent. Formerly alfo there was a fait-work here. In the year
1590 this town fufFered greatly by fire, in 1634 flill more, and in 1753.-
lb very much that above feven hundered houfes were burnt down in it.
Hcim-ichs, a borough, feated on the Hajel, and containing fome fleel
and iron foundaries.
Marisfeld, a parochial-village.
3. The prefecfturate of Kuhndorf, in which is to be remarked
Kuhndorf, a large parochial-village, with a citadel in it. Nor far from
this place flands the high mountain of Dolmar, on which is ereded a fine
feat and pleafure-building.
Dillflatt, a village feated on the Hafel.
Rohr, a parochial-village, fituated in a very fruitful tradl.
Schivarza, a parochial-village, with a citadel in it, and a paper-mill,
belonging to the Counts of Stolberg-Wernigerode, under the jurildidion of
the Eleftor oi Saxony. Count Albrecht, who, in the year 1549, concluded
the line of Romhild-Afchach, and had for wife Catherine daughter to Count
Botho of Stolberg,
refided at this place.
4. The prefeöurate of Benshausen, which is governed by the officers
of Kuhndorf, and one half of which formerly belonged to the princely
houfe of Heffe, which houfe exchanged its fliare therein in 1619 for the
Saxcn fhare in the prefedurate oi Hallenberg. In this prefedurate is to be
remarked
Bensbaufen, a borough.
Vternau, a village and farm. And
Ebertßaufen, a parochial-village, containing a nobleman's eftate.
5. The domain and farm of Vefra, originally called Veferau or Vefera,
lies on the river Schleufz, which not far from hence runs into the Werra,
and was formerly, namely in 1131, an abbey oi Prce7nonßrate7ißan Monks,,
as alfo, till the time of Prince TVilliam IV. the buryal-place of the Counts
and Princes of Hcnneberg. The great cloyfter-church here is flill in being.
At this pl?.ce alfo is a ftud of horfes. It is to be obferved by the way that
the name of this place fliews that the Werra was anciently called the Wefer. .
^^^ P- 35" ^' "^^^

Henneberg.] GERMANY, 467
6. The domain and farm oi Rohr, fituated a quarter of an hour's diftance
from the above-mentioned village of Rohr under the prefedlurate of Kuhn^
dorf, and formerly a nunnery. Near the old cloyfter-building here ftands
a fmall church.
II. The ducal houfe of Saxe-TVeimar is poflefied of
1. The old Weimar fliare, which confifts of the prefedurate of Ilmenau,
and comprizes in it
Ilmenau., a fmall mine-town, feated on the Ihn, hard by the T'hurhigian
wood, which formerly belonged to the Counts of Kerfenbcrg, by whom
it was difpofed of in 1343 to the Counts oi Henneberg for the fum of 2000
marks of fine filver, and by the latter for fome time mortgaged to the
Counts of Schisjarzburg, till at length, after many revolutions, it came again
to Henneberg. In the years 1603 and 1624 this place fuftained great damage
by fire, and in 1752, together with the caflle and arfenal, was entirely
burnt down, excepting fix houfes which flood in the fuburbs. The
mine-office has the infpedion of the copper and filver-mines here, but thefe
were formerly much more confiderable than at prefent. The Latin fchool
here is of no confideration.
The parochial-villages of Merfinrocie and Haida.
2. That part which formerly conflituted the fliare of Saxe-Eijenach^
namely,
1. The prefcdurate of Lichtenberg, or Ostheim. To which
belongs
wade
Lichtenberg, a mountain-citadel, which, in the year 1525, was laid
by the peaf^nts.
Ojiheim vor der Rhone, a fmall town, receiving its furname from the
mountain of Rhone, which extends itfelf from Helpers on the Vlfler quite
beyond Bifchofsßmm. In this town, as co-heirs and noblemen, refide the
Lords of Stein, Altenßein, Fehde, Manfiach, Thann, &c. In it alfo is an
infpedion-office which has the care of the parifhes belonging to it.
Helmerß:aiijen, a market-town, feated on the at// below the old caflle
of Hutsbcrg. At this place alfo is a free farm, called the farm or feat of
Henneberg, which has always been confidered as an appendage to the caftle
of that name, for which reafon it flill belongs to the Duke of Saxe-
Meinungen.
Sundheim, Heflar, and other villages.
Rem. In p. 22, fee a remark on this prefedurate.
2. The prefedlurate of Kalten-Nordheim, in which is
KalteJi-Nordheim, a market-town, containing an old caftle called Zur
Meerlinjen, and lying on the FfA/i?. In the year 1634 this place was fet
on fire by the Croats^ and almofl: wholly reduced to aflies.
O o o 2 Kauen-

1
468 GERMANY, [Henneberg.
Kahen-Weflheim, a parochial-village,
Kaltefi-Simdheim, a market-town, lituated on the Felde.
The villages of Erbenhaufen, Reichenhau fe?j, Oberweyd, Mittelfdorf, and
Andenhaufen. The latter of thefe places is reckoned by the foundation of
Fulda as belonging to the prefecturate of Fifchberg. See p. 20.
Rem. In tlie Fulda prefedlurate of Fifchberg, which was formerly
mortaged to the Princes of Henneberg^ fee p. 19, the princely houfe of
Saxe-Weimar took poffefTion in 1741 of the following hereditary eftates,
fubjeds, rents, revenues, &c. belonging to Henneberg ; namely of feveral
meadows and fields, together with all taxes, quit-rents, reliefs, jurifdidioa
and fupeiiority, ^c. thereto belonging ; as alfo of feveral mills and inns;
of the rivulet oi Felde, which runs from Kalten- Nordheim through Fifchbach
; of Diedorf, and the whole prefeäurate of Fifchberg ; of the abovementioned
little village of Andenhaufen ; of the feveral parifhes» churches,
and fchools in the prefeöurate of Fijchberg ; of two eftates and four feudal
houfes at Fijchbach ; together with two eftates at Wiefenthal, and a nobleipan's
feat at Diedorf. Compare p. 19.
III. The ducal houfe of Saxe-lVei7nar,
This houfe is ppfleffed of the greateft (hare in this country, which (liare
lies in the middle thereof, extending from the boundaries of the principality
of Eijenach quite to the bifliopric of Wurzhurg. To it belongs
I, MetJiungen, or Meiningen, a town, feated amidft high mountains on
the river Werra, which Duke Bernhard of Saxony, on his obtainment of
it in 1681, chofe for his refidence, and caufed a new palace, with a chapel
or church, to be built, naming it from his confort Elizabethenburg, and
in this palace as vtell the princely library and cabinet of medals, as alfo.
the Henneberg archives,, which belong in common to the eledoral and
princely houfes of Saxony, are to be feen. At this palace likewife the
princely regency, the chamber and confiftory have their feats. In the town
we find one parifti-church, together with a Latin fchool, an orphan-houfe,
and a houfe of corredlion and fpinning. It contains alfo a fu peri n tendency.
The manufaäures of fuftian here were formerly more confiderable than at
prefent, the burghers applying themfelves now to the culture of tobacco. In
tlie year 1542 this town came by exchange from the bifliopric oi Wurzburgto
the Counts of Henneberg in lieu of the prefedurate oi Mainburg. In 146
and 1475 '^ fuffered greatly by fire.
2. The prefedurates of Meinungen and Maszfeld, comprehending^
I. The Werra-Grund, in which is
TJnder-Mafzjeld,
V^^er-Majzjeldy alfo
a parochial-village and citadel..
a parochial-vill^e.
Grimme*ir^

Henneberg.] GERMANY, 469
Grimmenthal, in popifh times a celebrated place of pilgrimage, and at
prefi;r>t containing a hofpital.
The parochial-villages of Leuterfdorf, Vachdorf, and Belrieih, in the laft
of which is a citadel.
In
2. The Juchjen Grund, lying on the rivulet of "Juchfen, and containing
it
Juchßli, a parochial-vilhge, in which is a princely domain, and a nobleman's
feat.
Riitfchenhaufen, or Rixenhaiifcn, alfo a parochial-village.
Svphienluji, formerly called the MemeUfeld-hof, which Sophia Elizabethy.
dutchefs by marriage of Saxe- Meinungen, purchafed of the laft owner
Baumbach, and caufed to be enlarged and improved, calling it after her
own name.
3. The Sulzfeld-Grund, in which is
Sulzjeld,
a parochial-village.
Hennebergy alfo a parochial-village, with a domain. On a mountain near
this village ftood the ftetn-houfe of the Counts of Henneberg, which building,
in 1C25, was reduced to aflies by the rebellious peafants. Prince
Henry XIII. was the laft who refided therein, and alfo died there in 1405.
Hermansfeld, a parochial-village, near a fmall lake, and therein an iflandj
on which formerly ftood a chapel dedicated to St. Wolfgang, to which frequent
pilgrimages were made. There is now a hunting-houfe ftanding
here, which is ftill called Zwn Wolfgang.
4. The Herpf-Grund, feated on the brook of Herpf and containing
Herpf, a parochial-village, which is environed with a wall. At this
place formerly were co-heirs. The adjoining mountain of Zur Gebe is'
reckoned the higheft in this princely county.
Bettenhaufen,
a parochial-village.
Seba, a fmall village, containing a free farm, and near it a fmall but vtiy
deep lake.
Stepjerßjaufen, containing^ a nobleman's eftate, together with Solz, areboth
parochial-villages.
Dreyfigacker, alfo a parochial-village, with a domain belonging to it,
5. Wilmars, a village, in which alfo are fome fubjeäs of Baron Stein.
6. Berkach, a village, containing fubjefts both of Wurzburg and Baron-
Stein.
Rem. The following villages are all noble, and immediately fubjedl tothe
Prince :
viz,
Ellingßaufen, a parochial-village, Helaa, Wolkerßaufen, Landsberg, Rip-^
perßaufen, frebs, Geba, Gleimerßmufeny Heßelbach, Harks, EinorJbaufen;,
Schiviggerßaufen, and Kenth'wertßiaiijen..
3. Theprefeä:urate of Wasungen.. In it
Wafungen^ a very ancient little town, feated on the river Werra, with anolcä

470 G E R M A N T, [HennelDcrg.
old citadel in it. The inhabitants of this place apply themfelves to the
culture ot tobacco. In it too is a pretty Latifi {chool. In the year 1596
Bernhard Marjhal of Oflheim founded a nunnery for ladies at this place.
Metzeh and Schwallungen, both parochial-villages.
Lower-Schmalkaldefj, a village.
4. The prefedlurate of Sand. In it is
Siiitierjhaufen, an eflate, v^^hich was formerly a monaftery.
Georgenzell, alfo formerly a cloyfter.
Zilbach, a hunting-houfe : And
The parochial-villages of Rofe, in which is a nobleman's eftate, Frittelfhaufen
and Lower-Katza.
5. The prefed:urate of Frauenbreitungen. In it is
Fraueiibreitungen, a market-town, feated on the river IVerra. Formerly
there was an Augiijline nunnery at this place which anciently belonged to
the foundation of Hersjeld. King Henry IV. too frequently refiding here,
it was from thence alfo called Konigsbreitungen.
Altenbreitungen, a village, feated on the river Werra.
Wernshaufen, a parochial-village.
The noble eftates and feat« of Kmllenbach, Kramerfdorfy Neuenroday
Far?ibach, Meimershof, and Beyeroda.
6. The town and prefefturate of Salzungen. In it is
Salzungen, a fmall town, feated on the Werra, and taking Its name
from the falt-fprings there. Of thefe fait fprings there are two in particular,
one of which rifes in the town, and this is reckoned the beft, its water being
eight loths * rich. The other lies before the Nappen-gate, and the water
of this is only between fix and feven loths. The pannery here, or the right
of falt-works, depends on chancery-writ.
Not far, or at moft about one quarter of an hour's diflance from the
town, is an acid fpring called the Grundhof.
On a mountain too at no great diftance from the town of Salzungeny
formerly ftood a citadel, named Frankenftein, which had its own Lords.
7. The prefefturate of Altenstein belonged anciently to the Lords
Hutiden of Wenkheim^ together with the high and low jurifdidion thereof;
but thefe Lords becoming extindl in 1722, it reverted, as an open fief, to
the princely houfe of Saxe-Meinungen. In it is
in
Altenßein, a citadel.
Schweina, a large market-town, with a citadel and an orphan-houfe
it.
The villages of Steinbach, Gumpelßadt, and Walfifch, together with the
feats of Proßfch and Erbach.
* A German loth is half an ounce. The rlchnefs then, I fuppofe, of this water confifis in
io many half ounces of fait to a certain portion of lymph.
3
Rem.

Henneberg.] GERMANY,
471
Rem. In this prefedurate are alfo fituated the following noble places>
which are immediately fubjedl to the Prince : 'viz.
Liebeußein, a ruinous citadel, below which lies
The Sauerbrmin, a fmall village, with a church in it, and taking its name
from a good acid fpring there,
JVenigen-Schiaeina,
a village.
Upper-Zell, a village, in which are the feats of Clausberg and Toxberg,
^ledhjz,
a village, containing the citadel of Feldeck and the ReuJJ'enhof.
ing to the Hartenberg-Rotnhild line of the houfe of Henneberg,
8. The prefedlurate or ancient feigniory of Romhild, formerly belono-—
Count Bertbold,
the laft of this line, borrowing a confiderable fum of money of the
Counts of Mansfeld, as a fecurity for it mortgaged to them the whole
feigniory of Romhild. This Count therefore dying without heirs in the
year 1549, the Counts of Mansjeld took polfeffion of the feigniory which
was oppoied by the Princes of Hetineberg of the Scbleuß/igVme. In 1555 the
Counts of Mcinsfeld ceded to the Dukes of Saxe-Weunar the entire fuccefiion
of Romhild, together with the mortgages of Lichtenberg and Bruckenau,
in exchange for the prefedurate of Ouiißeben, and the fum of 50,000
guldens. After the extindlion of the line of Saxe-Romhild in the year
1710, two thirds of this feigniory came to Saxe-Meinungen, and one third
to Saxc-C'hurg-Saalfeld. In it is
Romhild, a town, containing a citadel called the Glucksburg. In Romhild
alfo is a fuperintendency and a Latin fchool. Near the town-church formerly
was a foundation of twelve canons. In the year 1606 this place
was almoft entirely confumed by fire. In 1676, 1714, and 1^22 it fuffered
again, though not in fo great a degree, by the fame dreadful calamity.
On a mountain not far from the town flood the citadel of Hardenberg, of
Hartburg, formerly the refidence of a particular branch of the Henneberg:
line, which afterwards became extind. Duke Henry of Saxony caufed fomepleafure-buildings
to be eredled at this place in the year 1701.
The villages of Hayna, MHz, Hindfeld, Menthaufen, Weßenj'eld, Gleichenbergen,
Lind, Sundheim, Eicba, or by the Eiche, Zeilfeld, and Sulzdorfalfo
belong to this feigniory, together with one half of Schwiggerhaiifai,
the other half of it belonging to the Lords of Bronjart, and the cent orhundred
of Rothbaiife?i and Rapperß^aiifen, the former of which villages
belongs as to the reil to the cloyfter of Bildhaufen, and the other to the
family of the Truchßs. In the co-hereditary village of Trapßadf, the
prefeiiurate of Romhild, the kellery of Ko?iigßofen, the chapter of Wurz"
burg, and the Barons of Fauß are poiTeffed each of a ihare, but the Di^
rgSlorium.ii veiled in the prefectuate of Romhild zlone..
i:^.
The.

472 ü E R M ANY, [Henneberg.
IV. The Dukes of Saxe-Gotha and Coburg-Saalfeld
are poflefled of
I. The prefedlurate of Themar
After the following manner ; that is to fay, the former is pofleffed of one
third and the latter of two thirds thereof. This prefedurate comprizes
in It
1. Themar^ an old little town, fituated on the Werra, and containing in
it the amt-office, and a decanate, as alfo a petty Latin fchool. This place
carries on a confiderable trade in wool. In the year 1634 the greateft part
of it
was burnt by the Croats.
2. The villages of Ehre7iberg, Grimmeltß?aufef7, and Wachenhron, the
laft of which ftands upon a mountain, together with the parochial-villages
of Exdorf and Dvtgßeben, as alfo thofe of Reurit^ Lengjeld, &c.
3. Trojlatt, a farm or domain, on which formerly flood a nunnery.
V. The ducal houfe of Saxe-Hildhurghaufen is poflefled of
The prefefturate of Behrungen, containing
Behnwgen, or Behringen, anciently named Baririge, a parochial-village,
and the principal place of this prefedturate.
VI. The Landgrave of Hejje-Cajfel is poflTefl^ed of
That tradl which formerly conftituted the feigniory, and forms the upperprefedlurate
of Schmalkalden, having been purchafed by Henry Landgrave
oi Heße, and by Elizabeth widow to Prince John oi Henneberg, in the
year 1360, of the Burggrave Albrecht oi Nürnberg, for the fum of 4,300
gold guldens. After the extindion of the Princes of Henneberg, the Landgraves
of Heffe, by virtue of a treaty of fucceffion, obtained to their own
fhare of this feigniory alio the other part, in which are the following prefedurates:
viz.
I. The prefedurate of Schmalkalden, containing
Schmalkalden, a town, fituated at the foot of the Thuringian wood, on
a rivulet of the fame name, which at this place receives into it the Stille.
Schmalkalden is a pretty large, thriving, and populous town. On a hill
near it ftands the citadel of PFilhelmsburg, formerly called Waldorf, but
having been entirely rebuilt by the Landgrave William IV. is, on that account,
named after him. In the centre of the town ftands an old houfe of
the Prince's called the Heßenhof. Elizabeth, fifter to the Landgrave Philips
and datchefs of Saxony, having made it her place of refidence towards the
middle

Schwarzenberg.] GERMANY.
473
middle of the fixteenth century. In this town alio is a collegiate-church,
in which were formerly twelve canons, together with a town-church,
which is pofTefled in common by the Liuheram and Cahinißs, and a LatiJi
fchool. The falt-pits here in conjunction with the neighbouring mines of
iron and fleel, as alfo the forges, bring in confiderable advantages to the
town, which carries on a great trade in iron and fteel wares. The meeting,
which the Proteftant Princes held here in the years 1529, ic'^o,
l53^ ^533' ^535' ^540> ^^^ league which they concluded here' in
1531, and the theological articles drawn up by 'Dr. Luther, which they
caufed to be confirmed by their teachers, have rendered this town of
great note in hiftory.
Several villages.
2. The vogtey o{ Herrenbreitungen. In it Is
Herrenbreitungen, or Burgbreitungen, a borough, featcd on the river
Werra oppofite to Frauenbreitungen, and formerly containing in it a celebrated
monaftery of ^fwc^/V?/«^, which was fecularized in 1553, and is
become a citadel.
Dnifen,
a parochial-village.
now
3. The vogtey oi Barchfeld, having its feat in the great parochial-village
«f the fame name, which lies on the Werra. At this place is a noble feudal
court belonging to Hejfe.
4. The cent or vogtey of Broterod, to which belong the borough of Bro~
terod, the hijelberg, and Little-Schmalkalden.,
5. The prefedurate of Hallenberg, which formerly belonged in part
to the houfe of Saxotiy, whofe fliare in it was, in the year 1619, received by
Heje in exchange for one half of the cent o^iBenßjaufen. In this prefedurate is
Hallenberg^ a ruinous citadel, feated on a mountain, together with
The parochial-village of Steinbach, and fome others.
7'he Princely County of
SCHWARZENBERG,
§. I. A Tolerable view of this couaty is to be had in Vettere chart of
"'^ the principality of Onolzbach. It is for the mod part environed by
the bifhoprlc o{ Bamberg, the county of Caßell,
and the feigniory of Speckfeld;
as alfo by the Underknd of the principality of Bayreuth, the principality
of Onolzbach, and the bifhopric of Wurzburg. This county in its
greateft extent, as it lies contiguous, is four German miles long, but in fome
parts only half a one, though in others
above five quarters of a mile broad.
Vol. V. p p p §.2. The

47+ GERMANY. [Schwarzenberg.
§.2. The inhabitants here are partly of the Proteftant Lutheran, and
partly of the Romißj church.
§. 3. The anceftors of the prefect Princes o^ Schwarzefiberg were originally
ftiled Lords of Sejr:ßeim. Thefe Lords came to be divided into the
lines of Seivßiem and Schivarzenberg, the former of which was firft
raifed to the dignity of Baron, and afterwards to that of Count, and
flouriihes flill in Bavaria. The latter procured that other country in Fran-
CDuia, and in 14 17 was raifed to the dignity of Baron, in 1566 to that of
Count of the Empire, and in 1671 to the ftate of Prince, which princely
dignity Jcfeph Adam obtained in 1747
for all his pofterity. Thefe Princes
alfo are poffeffed of the princely landgravate of Klettgau, of the feigniory
of Gimborn and Neußadt, of the dutchy of Crumau and fcteral feigniories
in Bohemia, (fee Vol. iv. p. 82, 85, C^c. and alfo in Stiria, (fee Vol. iv.
P- 475-
§. 4. The title of the reigning Prince is, Prince of Schwarzenberg, of
the holy Roman Empire princely LanJgrave in the Klettgau, Count of Su]z,
Duke of Crumau, and Lord of Gimborn, of the holy Roman Empire hereditary
auUck judge of Rcthweil, and Lord of the feigniories of Murau,
Vrittingau, Frauenberg, Poüelberg, Wildfchutz, Worlick, Reiffenftein,
Dragoniz, Protowin, Winterberg, and Chinau. His arms are a fliield
quarterly, the firft: and fourth fields^ of which are argent and azure, divided
eight fold length wife, on account of Schivarzenberg -, and in the third
and fourth quarter is feen a black raven picking out the eyes of a Turk^s
head, in memory of the fortrefs oi Raab in Hungary which was taken from
the 'Turks in 159?, 1^ Count Adolphus.
§. ^. In the year 1674 the Princes of Schwarzenberg obtained,, on account
of the princely county of Schcarzenbcrg, both feat and voice in the
council of the Princes of the Empire, and, fo early as the year 1672, a
place on the bench of Princes in the circle of Franconia. Their Imperial
and Circular matricular evaluation on account of this princely county, and
likewifc on account of the feigniory of Seinßeim, is forty-nine florins. To.
each chamber-term they contribute, on account of Sch'^arzenberg or Hohenlandsberg,
fixteen rixdollars, and on account of Seinßeim thirty-five.
§,6. At the citadel of Scbivarzberg reffdes the princely regency over theprincely
county of Schivarzenberg and the feigniory of Seinß:eim. The
chancery-diredlor here is at the fame time upper-amtman of the nine prefefturates,
of which both coustries confifl, and over which is alfo appointed
a Centgrave whofe bufinefs is to look to the criminal jurifdicftion. For the
regulation of the Proteflant churches and fubjeös here is appointed a Proteftant
confiftory ; but the 7?off;^/7-catholics ftand under the bi/hopric of
Wurzbt'.rg.
§. 7. The prefeduratcs in the princely county of Sclivarzenber^ are. the
following; Q'
^72;,
X. The-

Schwarzenberg.] GERMANY. 475
1. The vogt-amt of Mjz-^-^'JW-'y'f/J, having its feat at
Mark-Schainfeld, a market- town, in v;hich is a ÜJ(?/;;j;/-catholic pariflichurch.
The princely \\oukoi Schwarzenberg \% inverted by Brandenburg-
Onolzbach, with the criminal jurifdidtion of this place, and by Wurzburg
alfo with the criminal jurifdi

476 GERMANY.
The Princes of
LOWENSTEIN-WERrHEIM,
Who in the circle of Franconia have obtained both voice and feat oft
the bench of Princes, are derived from the foUovi'ing origin. The
Pfalzgrave Frederick the Vi£lorious, who after the death of his brother
Lewis IV. in the year 1449, took upon him the guardianfhip of his fon
Philip then under age, but afterwards retained the eledlorate-palatine for
life; made, indeed, a promife that he would never marry, but notwithftanding
this promife took Clara of Tettingen, or Dettingen, to wife, on
whom he begat two legitimate fons, named Frederick and Lewis, and
10 thefe he bequeathed the feigniories of Scharfeneck, Weinsberg, Neußadt
on the Kocher, Meckmuhl, Utzberg, and JJmßadt, but with confent of his
brother's fon Philip, whom he adopted and appointed as his fon and fucceflbr
in the eledorate. But Frederick the elder of his two fons dying in
1474, he allotted thefe feigniories in inheritance to his younger fon Lewis,
After his death, however, the Pfalzgrave Philip obtaining the eledlorate, he
allowed the faid Lewis only the feigniory of Scharfeneck, claiming all the
reft to himfelf ; and on the contrary gave him the county of Lowenfleiu,
which has been already defcribed ; which county he was obliged, in the
year 1510, to receive in fief as a fubjedl of Duke Ulrich of Wurtemberg,
whence as at that time fo it alfo yet ftands under the fovereignty of Wurtcmbcrg.
The Emperor Maximiliati created this Lewis a Count,, and from;
him it is that the prefent Princes and Counts of Lowenflein-V/ertheim derive
their defcent. This Count died in 1524. His grandfon Count Lewis
married Anna, third daughter to Count Lewis of Stoiber g, Konigßein^
and Wertheim, by which marriage the counties of Wertheim, Rochefort^
and Montaign, together with the feigniories of Brcuberg, Herbemont, and.
Chafepierre devolved to the houfe of Lowenßein. This Count alfo died
in 161 1. His fon. Count Chrißopher Lewis, mzrned Elizabeth, daughter
to Count foachim of Manderfcbeidt, and thus brought the county of Virnenhurg,
with other eftates, to the houfe of Lowenßein. This Count
Chrißopher is the founder of the elder and Proteftant line of this houfe,
which is failed the Lowenjiein-Wertheim-Virnenburg line, and flill continues
in the State of Counts. His brother, Count John I'heode 'ick, founded the
Roman-C2X\\o\\c line of Lowenßein-Wertbeim-Rochefort, which, in the year
1711, obtained the dignity of Prince of the Empire, and of thefe we are
here prooerly to treat. In the year 1730 this line was admitted in the circle
of Franconia to the bench of Princes, on a promife of accepting and
paying down a matricular evaluation of fixteen florins, till fuch time as it
^
üiould

Hohenlohe.] GERMANY, 4yy
(hould have provided itfelf with immediate Imperial eftates, on which the
ufual evaluation, and that fuitable to a Prince of the circle might be grounded.
At the Diet of the Empire it as yet enjoys neither place nor voice in tlie
council of the Princes thereof. And as the princely voice in the circle of
Francouia is not founded on the (hare which this line poflefles in the county
of fVerthcifti, fo the defcription of that county is not to be fought fot
here but lower down, under the countries in its
proper place.
The
County of
HOHENLOHE,
§. I. (~\^ this county Mr. John Charki Chapiizethzs delineated a good
^^ land chart, which }Iomann% heirs caufed to be engraved in 174S,
and in the Atlas of Germany is the feventy-firft.
§. 2. This county borders on the mafterdom of Mergentheim, the bifhopric
oi Wurzburg y the princely territory oi Hazfeld, the principality of
Onolzbach, the territories of the Imperial cities of Rotenburg and Sivabian-
Hall, the dutchy of Wurtemberg, and a part of the electorates of Mentz,
as alfo on the palatinate. According to Chapuzet's chart, its greateft extent
from weft to eaft is about five German miles and three quarters, and from
north to fouth fix and a half. It was anciently much larger, and formed
nearly one third of all Fraiiconia. Its name it derives from the family feat
©f Hohenloch, otherwife called HcUoch, Honloch, Hello, bcc. which flood not
far from the prefent Brandenhurg-Onolzbacb town of Uffenheim, near the
village of Hollach.
§.3. It has its mountains, valleys, and plains. The fouth-fide of the
firft furnifhes the traveller with a profpedl of fine vineyards, which in fome
places adjoin to each other for feveral hours diftance. The north-fide is
proper for agriculture, and on the tops of thofe mountains are commonly
fdund valuable woods of oak, fir, pine, beech, and birch, in which a
great variety of game find flielter. In the valleys is good meadow-ground,
whence alfo the breed of cattle here is good. Their agriculture alfo turns
to good account, particularly about Vehritigen and Kupferzeit. At Weifzbach
is a falt-work. At MaiTihard, Hojfelbronn and TJnder-Rppach are medicinal
fprings. There are alfo here rivers, brooks, and lakes, or ponds,
abounding in fifh. To the firft belong, i. T\\q Kocher, which ifiuing out
of the territory of the Imperial city of Swalian-Hall enters into the county
of Hohe?ilohe, and out of the latter into the dutchy of JFuriemberg.
2. The

478 GER MANY. [Hohenlohc.
2. The 'Jagß^ which comes out of the principality of Onolzbach, and»
after quitting the county, enters into the archbifhopric of Mentz. 3. The
Tauber, which runs into the prefedlurates oi Schillingsjurß and JVeikerßeim,
and paffes out of the latter into th^ mafterdom of Mergentbelm. 4. The
JVcrnitz, which rlfes at Frankenau not far from Schillingsfurß, and paffes
through the territory of Rothenburg into the principahty of Onolzbach.
§. 4. This county contains in it ten cities, three market-towns, and
twelve citadels,
§. 5. The Reformation, which was begun here in 1540 was thoroughly
.completed in i 556 ; fo that ever fince that time the whole country has acknowledged
the Vroitiiint Lutheran church. But in 1667 Count Lewis
Guftavui oi Hobenhhe-^chiUingsjurß going over to the Koman-C2xh.Q\\c church,
and his elder brother Count Chrijlian of Hohenkhe-Bartenßein foon after
following him, hereupon arofe many vexations and grievances to the
Proteftant fubjedls in the Hobenlohe-Waldenburg countries, at that time under
Counts, but now under Princes, from the year 1718, though ftill more
fiom 1728, and moft of all from 1744. The ftate of the church here is
as follows : Firff, there are three churches in common belonging to the
whole houfe of Hohenlohe, namely thofe at Oehringen, and the feudal
pariflies of Oettelfingen and Schupf, of which a larger account has been
given below. Next, there are ftill fifty-nine pariflies in the county ; for
to the principal line of Neuenßein belong thirty-feven, and to that of JVal~
dcnburg twenty-two. About the year 1579 was eredted a general or upper
confiftory at Oehringen, before which all cafes of greatefl importance in
the church, and likewife the matrimonial affairs of the whole county were
to be brought. At that time alfo confiflorial regulations in common were
made; but as all manner of inconveniences were found to arife therefrom,
io matters relating thereto were decided at the Proteftant adminiftration-office
oi Oehringen,
or at the particular confiflory and the infpeftlonofBce
in each feigniory to which they belonged, though always according
to the rule of the above-mentioned confiflorial regulations 3 or if they regarded
the county in common, were maturely confidered, at the option of
the Sovereign, at the particular confiftories and infpeftions, and at the Senium
Evangelicum an end put to them according to the votes and deliberations
made,
§. 6. The youth here receive their inflrudlion as vftW'xniht gymnafium
at Oehringen, as in the Latin fchools of the other towns,
§. 7, According to Mr. Hanfelmann^ rejearcbes and ilJußrafion of the origin
end propagation of the family cf liohenlche, we mufl form to ourfelves the
following conception of it. Conrad the Wife, Duke in Franconia and Lorrain,
had a fon named Otto, whole third fon Qmo, or Conrad, gave rife
to the younger line of this ducal Fronconian family, and whofe fhare in the
datchy oi EaJl~Fra7icenia confided chiefly of the country between the Mayn
and

:
HohenloKe.] GERMANY. 479
and the Tauber^ in that traft where the citadels of Hohefiloch, Brauneck and
Spcckfeldt-, and the fort of Bernheim lie. The third fon of this laft, viz.
Hermann Count of Eqjl-Franconia, who lived towards the clofe of the
tenth, and in the beginning of the eleventh century, was poll'elTed in the
dutchy of Franconia principally of a fliare in the countries on the Tauber y
y^igfl, and Kocher, of which the county of Hohenlohe at this very day conlifts.
His great reputation appears from hence, namely that he had for
his confort in his fecond marriage the mother of the Emperor ConraJus Sa~
licus. But that Princefs being his afTigned father's brother's widow, and
fuch marriages being at that time with difficulty allowed ; we fhould vvitli
ftill greater probability derive this Count Hermann, to whom all the Counts
of Hohenlohe owe their original, from Duke Eberhard of Franconia, brother
to King Conrad I. as the folidly learned Mr. Counfellor Chrijiian Ludwig
maintains we ought to do. Be this as it will, Sicgjreid the eldeft foa
of this Count Hermann founded the old extindt line of Hohenlohe at
Weickerßjeim, and from the fecond fon Eberhard, who refided at the citadel
of Hohenloch, is defcended the prefent houfe of Hohenlohe. Ulrich and
Godfrey, fons to the latter, and who lived in the twelfth century, feem firft
to have ftiled themfelves from the citadel of Hohenloch. Ulrich had his refidence
at Uff'enheim, and probably from him defcended the Dynajlce of
Uffenheim and Speckfeld, who occur till the clofe of the thirteenth century.
Count Godfrey is the firfi: known Burggrave of Nürnberg. Frederick the
Elder, grandfon to this laft, had in his fon Conrad two fons, named
Godfrey and Conrad, who fhared the lands oi Hohenlohe among them. Conrad
the younger fixed his refidence at the caftle of Brauneck, there founding
a peculiar line ; but the elder Count, named Godfrey, retained his refidence
at the' caftle o( Hohenloch. From Albrecht, eldeft fon to the latter,
is defcended the line oi Speckfeld, which became extindl in 141 2 ; and the
fecond fon, Crato, or Craft I, propagated the ftill flourKhing houfe,
George his grandfon in the fifth generation, and who died in 1551, is
the general ftem-father to the prefent Counts ; his fon by his firft wife,
namely Lewis Cafimir, founding the principal line of Neiienßein , and his
fon, by a fecond venter, named Eberhard, founding the principal line of
JValdefiburg.
The capital line of Neuenßein divided itfelf in the following minner
fiz. of Craft and Philip Erneß, grandfons to their founder, the former
retained his feat of Neuejißein, and of his grandfons, the Counts Charles^
Lewis and John Frederick, the firft refided at Weickerß?eim, and the latter
il Oehringen ; but the former dying in 1756, his fhare upon that fell tO'
the latter. Count Philip Erneß began the line of Lan^enburg, which'
in his grandfons was divided in fuch a manner that Count Albrecht Wolf-'
gang founded the Larjgenburg line s Count Chrißian Craft that of Tngelßng,.
andl

48o
GERMANY. [Hohenlohe.
and Count Frederick Eberhard the collateral line of Kirchberg, which are
all ftill in being. It is true that, in the year 1744, the princely dignity
was offered them by the Emperor ; but they have, as yet, fcrupled to ac-
• cept it.
The prefent capital princely line of Waldenburg is divided as follows:
Count George Frederick the Younger, grandfon to Eberhard., founded a particular
line of Schillingifurß after the divifion made by the brothers;
Philip Charles, his grandfon by his eldeft fon Count Chrißian-, is the founder
of the collateral-line of Bartenßein, which refides partly at BartenJIein and
partly at Pfedelbach ; and his fecond fon, Lewis Gußavus, propagated the
-Schillingsfurß line. The whole of this capital line was raifed, in the year
1744, to the dignity of Princes of the Empire.
§.8. The Princes of the younger Waldenburg capital line flyle themfelves.
Of the holy Kom^n Empire, Princes of YiohcnloYit, Counts 0/ Waldenburg,
and Lords (j/Langenburg, C^c. but the Counts of the elder Neuenßein line
flyle themlelves Counts of Hohenlohe and Gleichen, and Lords of Langenburg
Cranichfield, &c. The arms of the princely Waldenburg capital line
are, on account of Hohenlohe, a Ihield quarterly, in whofe firfl: and fourth
quarters argent are to be feen two leopards fable running diredly againft
each other in a field argent ; and in the fecond and third upper-quarters, a
lion advancing and crowned Or, with an open throat, a red exerted tongue
and a double rolled up tail in a field fable j and, in the lower ones,
on account of Langenburg, eight black ruftres in a field Or. The arms of
the Neuenßein capital line are alfo a fliield quarterly, in whofe firfl; and
fourth quarters are to be feen, in a field argent, two leopards ^^/i? running
over each other ; and in the fecond and third, above, a lion crowned Or
in a field Jable, and below it eight black ruflres in a field Or-. In a middle
fliield alfo is a lion crowned Or in a field verte.
§. 9. At the Diet of the Empire the Princes and Counts of Hohenlohe
belong to the Franconian college of Counts of the Empire, and at the Diets
of Counts are pofi"efled of fix voices, with the right of precedency in the Fran-
£Qnian college; but at the Francojiian Diets they have only two voices, which
follow direäly after thofe of the Princes. The matricular-evaluation of the
JEmpire and Circle for the houfe of Hohenlohe amounted formerly to two hundred
and fitty-fix florins, but has been reduced to one hundred and forty-four.
To this fum the Waldenburg line contributes fifty-fix, and the Neuenßein line
eighty-eight florins. To each chamber-term the former of thefe lines pays
fixty-feven rixdollars, fevenktuitzersand a half; and the latter, eighty-nine
rixdollars, twenty-nine kruitzers and a half,
§. 10. The right of primogeniturefliip has hitherto been introduced only
into xh& Langenburg Wne, and that in the year 171 8, at which time it was
confirmed by the Emperor. The fenior of each of the two princijpal lines
is

Hohenlohc] GERMANY. 481
is at the fame time adminiflratorof the feoda! lordfliips thereof. Each reigning
line has its peculiar chancery and officers.
§. 1 1 . The more accurate defcription ot the county of Hohenlobe falls under
three principal divifions : we being to delcribe
I. The places in common to the whole houfe of Hoheiikhe ;
which are,
I. Oehringcn, in ancient records ftyled Oringowc, Oreugaive and Orengew,
the capital of the county, feated on the rivulet of OhrUt which runs between
the old and new town. One half of this place belongs to the 0(?^'-
ringen line, and the other to the whole of the princely or Waldeiiburg
capital line. The former has its reßdence at the magnificent caftle here, to
which adjoins a fine pleafure-garden. The building called the Stone-houfe
is a grand ftrudture enclofed by a wall with a fpacious court to it, and belongs
to the princely Waldenbiirg line. At this place alfo is a building
which is allotted for the refidence of the Countefs-dowager. The churches
and preachers there are alfo in common. Of the former there are two
here, mz. the foundation and principal church and that of the fpital.
The lazar-houfe has a chapel, and the burial-place without the town has
alfo a church. Of the genera], or upper-confiftory, which formerly was
held here, an account has been given, §. 5. At prefent the common confiftory
of Hohenlobe-Pfcdelbach is held here, as likewife a peculiar confiftory
cit\\e Neue?7ßein\\nQ. The gymnq/ium here wa.s, in the year 1735, formed
on the plan of a gyimiafmm tllußre. In this town alfo are kept the common
archives. Oehringen was a town fo early as the thirteenth century.
In its neighbourhood lie the mountains of Galberg, Lindclberg^ Verreberg,
Pfaffenberg and Heynberg ; the two firft of which yield excellent fruit,
and the others a fine wine.
2. Oettelfingen^ a feodal parifli, feated in the maflerdom of MtT^^;///6f/w,
which is at prefent occupied by the Seniutn eva?igelicum of Hohenlobe, but
was formerly held in fief of the county by the family of Rofenbcrg.
3. Scbup/j a feodal-parifh, fituated in the noble borough of Under-
Schupf, which lies not far from Oettelßiigen,
VoL.V. Q_q q
II. The

482 GERMANY, [Pfedelbach.
II. The prefedurates and places belonging to the princely
Waldenburg capital line.
Which pays eleven florins,
The Bartenßein line,
thirty-two kruitzers and a half to the matricular-evaluation
of the Empire and Circle of the Waldenburg capital line,
poirefled,
1. Of the prefecturateof Bartenstein J
in which is
Bartenßein, a fine refidentiary-palace, featedon a mountain, near which
a confiderable number of houfes are built. This place is incorporated into
one parifli with
Ettenhaufen, a parochial-village.
.
^
Herrenthierbach and Riedbach, both parochial-villages.
2. The prefedurate of Herrenzimmern: in which Is
Herrenzimmern, formerly called alfo Weyprechtzimmern, a village, which
is the refidence of the amt-office, and united into one parifli with
Pfutzingen, a parochial-village, to whofe church alfo belongs the village
of Riiplhaufen.
3. The prefe(f>urate of Sindringen, at
Sindringen, a fmall town, feated on the Kocher, with a citadel which
formerly belonged to the Lords of Weinfperg, but came, by the marriage
of a Countefs oi Hohenlohe with Gebhard of Weinfperg, to the houfe of Hohenlohc,
having been made a donation of to the former by way of dowery.
4. The prefedturate of Schneldorf, feated in the village of that name
and purchafed, in the year 1537, hQV^tQu. i\iQ Onolzbach prefeclurate of
Creilßeim and Fcncht-wang.
is
The Pfedelbach
line,
Which pays eleven florins, thirty-two kruitzers and a half to the matricularevaluation
of the Empire and the circle of the Waldoiburg capital line, ia
poflefled,
1. Of the prefedurate of Pfedelbach : in which is
Pfedelbach, a large market-town, taking its name from the little rivulet
which runs through it, and a refidentiary-palace.
Chorhttenberg, a palace and village.
2. The prefefturateof Mainhard, which has its feat at
Mdinhard, a parochial-village, with a citadel, a mint and a mineral-bath
in it J
but the laft is neeleäed.
The

.
Schilllngsfurft.] GERMANY,
483
The SchilU?2gsfurß
line,
Whicl. pays thirty-two florins, fifty-five kruitzers, to the matricularevaluation
of the Empire and the circle of the Waldenburg capital line, is
'uiz.
pofiTeffed of the following places :
1 Of IValdefibiirg, a fmall town with an old caftle, and feated on a high
mountain in a woody tradt. Their drinking-water the inhabitants are under
a neceflity of carrying about one hundred fteps high. At the parifli-church
here is a fuperintendant, or upper-preacher. Waldenburg alfo contains an
amt-office.
In the united parifli-village o^ Goldbach formerly ftood a monaflery,
2. Efchelbach, a parochial-village.
3. Kupferzell, a parochial- village, with a caftle and an amt-office, lies on
the river Kupfer.
At Hojfelbron, an united parochial-village here, is a medicinal-fpring.
4. Efchefithal, a parochial-village, to which belongs the filial parifhchurch
of Rublingen.
5. Under-Steifibach, a parochial-village and the feat of an amt-office commonly
called the amt in the Ohrnthal. The united parochial-village here of
Gleichen had formerly a ftrong citadel.
6. Geilenkirchen, a parochial-village and amt-office, lying within the
land-protedion of Sivabian-Hall.
7. Under-Munkheim, a parochial-village.
Rem. In the parishes of Geilenkirchen and Under-Mwzkheim.^ which in
Chapuzet's chart are placed in the territory of Hohenlohe, the princely line of
Hohenlohe-Schillingsfurß is poflefled of Enfzlingen on the Kocher and Altdorf
en the Buhler, which in the fame chart are to be feen in the territory of
the Imperal city of Swabian-Hall, together with that Imperial city j and in
refpedl to the two firll enjoys alfo certain privileges in common with Hohenlohe-Kirchberg.
8. Adolzfurt, a citadel and parochial-village, alfo the feat ofan amt-office.
9. JJjtder-Heimbachj a parochial-village.
10. Schillingsfurß, a double and conliderable refidentiary-palace, fituated
on a mountain, with a borough adjoining to it which is the feat of an amtoffice,
and had a communication with
11. FrankenaUy a large market-town, lying diredlly below it, with
which it is alfo united under one civil community. In the year i
y^y,
divers privileges and immunities were promifed to all who fliould fettle at
this place, particularly to handicraftfmen and manufacturers. The parillichurch
here is Proteftant, but in the prefent century many /?ow^7:-catholic
Qjj q 2
inhabitants

484 GERMANY, [Öhringen.
inhabitants have alfo been received here. In its neighbourhood rifes the river
Wernitz.
12. Bellerß.mufen, a village, containing a Proteftant church.
13. JVilde?thoiz, a parochial-village.
III. The prefedlurates and places belonging to the principal
line
of Neuenßein.
I. The line of Ohringefty
Which contributes to the matricular-evaluation of the Empire and Circle,
paid by the principal line of Neuenjiciny fifty-one florins, twenty kruitzers,
is poflefTed of the following places : viz
1. Of one half of the capital town of Ochringen, of which we have
treated above.
2. Oi Neiierißein, afmalltown, with a citadel which, in the year 1351,
was erefted into a town, and is the feat of an amt-office.
At Under-Eppach, a village incorporated into one parifh with Neuenßein^
is
an acid fpring.
3. Kirchmfall, a parochial-village, fituated on the rivulet of Sail. The
amt-office, which had formerly its feat here, has been united with that of
Neiienßei?!.
4. Neufels, a village, feated on the Kupjcr, and which was formerly a
fmall town containing a citadel.
far
5. Michelbach, a parochial-village and the feat of an amt-office. Not
from hence are to be feen the remains of the old fortrefs of Gabtlßein.
6. Cappel, a village, in whicii is a fine pleafu re-garden of the lord of the
country.
7. Beutitjgen, or Lnngcn-Betitingen, in ancient records called 5i///?H^w, a
large borough, with a parirti-church in it and an amt-office, belonging to
the canton of Oden'wald.
8. Baum-Erlinbach., a parochial-village.
9. Ornberg, a parochial-village, feated on the Kocher y and which formerly
conftituted a peculiar prefeflurate of itfelf.
10. Zurißinge?!, a village with a chapel, and the feat of an amt-office.
1 1. Orendelfall, a parochial-village, belonging to the cloyfter of Schoiithaly
but the curate whereof, by virtue of an agreement made in the year 1579,
flands under the jurifdidion oi Hohenhhe.
12. Gnadenthal, formerly a nunnery oi Cißercians, diflant about one fmall
German mile from the Imperial city of Swabian-Hall, and containing a
parifh-church.
The following places belonged to theJine oi Weickerßseitriy and are fince
fallen to that of Oehringen ; viz, 13. Ernjpacby

Langenburg.] GERMANY. 485
13. Ernfpachy a borough, fituated in the Kochcrthal, and containing an
amt-office, a paper-mill, and fome iron, copper and brafs-founderies.
14. Forcb/cfiberg, a fmall town, fituated near the river Kocher, on the
afcent of a hill, and being the feat of an amt-ofHce.
15. Weifzbach, a village, (ezied on the Kocher, and containing a falt-wprk.
1 6. Niedernhall, a fmall town, lying on the Kocher, and in which the
Eledlor of Mefitz is pofleffed of a fliare. See Vol. iv. p. 529.
17. Kunzeljau, a market-town, fituated among high mountains on the
x'wtv Kocher, and carrying on a great trade. This town is cohereditary, and
its
prefent coheirs are Hohen/ohe-Oehrifjge^j, the Eleftor of Mentz, the bifhop
of JVurzburg and the foundation of Comburg. The citadel here was formerly
called the fortrefs of Bartenau. In this town is alfo anamt-otfice belonging
to Hohenlohe-OehringeH.
18. D'urrenzimmcrn, a parochial-village,
19. Hohbacb, alfo a parochial-village, leated on the river y^gß.
20. H llenbach, a borough, and tlis feat of an amt-office, which appears
in records fo early
as the nin:h century.
21. Hrbßhaufen, a village, where, in the year 1645, ^^^ iv-fWÄ general
Turenne was defeated by the Ba'\:arians.
22. Adolßaiifen, a parochial-village.
23. Vorbachz'immern, alfo a parochial-village. The parifh-church here is
alternately
filled up by the Hohenlohe houfes of Oehringen and Bartenßeui.
24. Elperßieim, a parochial-village.
25. Weikerß:eim, a fmall town, having a citadel, and lying on the river
*Taub€r. This town is the feat of an amt-office and a fuperintendtncy.
Hard by it ftands the citadel of Karhberg, which takes its name from
Count Charles Leivis,
26. Scheßerßeim, a parochial-village, feated on the river Tauber, and
formerly containing a
cloyfter.
27. Naffau, a parochial-villag^.
28. Louifgarde, a hunting-feat, and the fpot on which formerly flood
the cloyfler of Lochgarten, which was filled with Monks of the order of
St. Augißiiie.
29. At ikfwz/f^r this line is pofTefTed of the right of patronage, according
to an agreement made in 1556 with 'Zeifolph of RoJe?iberg,
2. The JLanoreJiburo; line.
Which contributes to the matricular-evaluation of the Empire and Circle
paid by the principal line of Hobenlohe-Neuenßein, the fum of twelve florins,
thirteen kruitzers and one third, and is pofil-fTed
I. Of Langenburg, a town, with a flrong refidentiary-palace in it, and
feated on a high mountain, in the valley beneath which runs the river
5 7-zß'

^86 GERMANY. [Kirchberg.
Jagß. The ancient fuperintendency here was, in the beginning of the
prefent century, annulled in name, and the infpedlion of the churches
and fchools here committed to the care of each particular aulic and town
preacher. At this place alfo is an amt-office. The ancient Dynaßa of
Langcnburg or Langenberg^ were in being in the thirteenth century.
2. Lindenbronny a pleafure-houfe with a park belonging to it, feated
about three quarters of an hour's diflance from the above-mentioned town.
3. BachlhigeHy a parochial-village.
4. BilHiigsbach, aUb a parochial-village.
5. Under-Regenbacb, a parochial-village, feated on the Jagß.
6. Belßnbergy a parochial-village, in the neighbourhood of Ingelfingen.
3. The higelßnge?! line,
Which alfo contributes, to the matricular-evaluation of the Empire and
Circle, as paid by the principal line of Hohenlohe-Neuenßein, the fum of
twelve florins, thirteen kruitzers and one third, and is poflefled
1. Of the prefedlurate of Ingelfingen in which is
Ingelfingen, a fmall town with a refidentiary palace, feated on the river
Kocher.
On the mountain near it on this fide the river Kocher, are to be feen the
remains of the ancient citadel of Lichteneck. The citadel of Stein was alfo
fituate over againft the town, and in the territory of Hermerfperg flood the
cloyfter of Frauenzimmern.
Crifpachhojen, a parochial-village.
2. The prefeflurate of Schrotzberg, containing
Schrotzberg, a citadel and borough, which in 1558 and 1609 came by
purchafe to Hohenlohe-Neuenßein. The criminal jurifdidlion here is an Imperial
fief. In 1671 this place was entirely ceded, by virtue of the recefs,
to the houfe of Langenburg, in lieu of its {hare in the town of Oehringe/j,
which was poflefled by them in common.
Crai/ßjaufen, a village with a filial church in it, which belongs to the
parifli of Schrotzberg.
4. The Kirchberg line,
Which alfo contributes to the matricular-evaluation of the Empire and
Circle paid by the principal line of Hohenlohe-Neuenßein, the fum of twelve
florins, thirteen kruitzers and one third. This line is pofl*efled
1. Of the prefedlurate of Kirchberg, in which is
Kirchberg,
In 1758
a fmall town and refidentiary palace, feated on the river 'JagH.
this place fuifered great damage by fire.
Lendßdeli

Cafteli.] GERMAN
r.
487
Lendfidel, a confiderable borough, which formerly had feveral owners
to it, but at prelent belongs almoft entirely to Hohenlobe. .To the parifh
here appertains the filial church of Bembach,
Riipertß^ofen,
a parochial-village.
Gaggßatt, alfo a parochial-village, together with the filial village of
Mißlau, in which formerly ftood a nunnery of Bencdi5lines.
The citadel of Lconfeh was formerly poflefTed by the family of Velberg.
2. Of the prefefturate of Dottingen, containing
Dotti?7gen, a citadel, lying on the river Kocher, with a parlfli-church in
It and a fpital.
Stcinkifchen, a parochial-village, In which the foundation of Comburg Is
pofTefled of the right of patronage. From this pariüi which is incorporated
with
The citadel of Thierberg, a family formerly took Its title.
Hohenhhe-Kirchberg is alfo poffelTed of a fliare in the parilhes of Stdnach^
Enjzli?igen, and Under- Mtmkheim.
Rem, Out of the limits of the county of Hohenlobe the line of Hohenhhe-ScUllingsfurfl
Is polTelled of the feigniory of WilhermfdcrJ, which belongs
to the noble canton of AltmidA, and the principal line of Hohenlobe'
Neuenßein enjoys one half of the county of Gleichen in Tburingia.
The
County^
C A S 1 E L L,
§. I. ^T^HE county of Caßell lies for the moll: part on the Steigerwald,
* between the princely county of Schivarzenberg, the feigniory of
Limhurg-Speckfeldy the billiopric of Wurzburg, and tlie Brandenburg-
Onolzbach prefeöurate ol Little-Lankheim. The prcftfiurate of Remlifigen
is environed by the billiopric of fFurzburg and the county of U'erthcim.
It was formerly far more confiderable than at prefent, but by wars, bad oeconomy,
infolence, divifion among the brothers, and the erection of cloyfters,
has been greatly reduced. The bi(hopric of Witrzburg has in pardcular
brought to itfelf fome confiderable places in this county, as for infiance the
towns of Gerolzhofen and Volkach, (the latter of which Is mortgaged to the
bifiiopric) and alfo that of Schivarzach.
§. 2. The Counts of Caßell are defcended from the old Dukes of Ead-
Franken, by means of the Counts of Rothenburg, yet Count Gerlach, who
lived about the year 1019, ^"^^ feme of the fucceeding Counts ftiled themfelves
Counts of Hohen-Caßell^ by way of diflindion from the Counts of
Caßell

488 GERMANY. [Caftell.
Caßcll In the Nordgau, from whom the row extind Counts of Sulzbach
derived their defcent. In the thirteenth cenmry the houfe of Caflell divided
itfelf into three branches. The firft of thefe branches fprung from
Count Henry II. and became extindt in his fons ; the fecond arofe from
Count Hermann III. and ended in his grandfonsj and the third from Count
FrederickW. who has propagated that line. Conrad III. and George III.
fons to Count Wolfgang., who confiderably improved the county and died
in the year 1546, divided it, in confequence of 'heir father's will, into two
equal (hares. Their brother, Henry V. who at firft was an ecclefiaftic,
obtained of his brother George, after the death of Conrad, one half of his
faid brother's fliare, and both of them entered into an agreement, in the
year 1586, on account of the divifion of the county. WolfgahgNY. fon to
Count George III. who founded the principal line ofRemlingen, had for his
fucceflbr Wolfgang George, who divided his feigniory in fuch a manner that
his eldefl fon, Wolfgang Theodorick, had his feat at Caflell, and Frederick Magnus,
the younger fon, his at Remlingen. Godfrey II. fon to Count G^örg-^ III.
founded the principal
line of Rudenhaufen.
§.3. This county is at prefent, for the moft part, a fief of Wiirzbiirg,
but the Counts enjoy alfo their own confiderable feodal-court ; in matters
relating to which they do not regulate themfelves by the biOiop's feodal-court,
but by the rights commonly prefcribed. Ever fince the year 1168, they
have been hereditary cup-bearers to the billiopric of Wurzbarg. By virtue
of the hereditary union entered into, in the year 1560, between Count
Conrad III. Henry V. and George 111. which was afterwards confirmed by
the Emperors Ferdinand I. in 1562, and by Maximillianll. in 1566, each
particular fenior of the whole family is at the fame time adminiftrator of
the feodal feignories of the whole houfe, and is inverted only with the ofiice
of hereditary cup-bearer by the bilhopric of Wurzburg.
§. 4. The arms of the Counts oiCaßell are a fhield quarterly ^»Zfj and
argent,
§. 5. At the Diet of the Empire they are pofl^efled of two voices in the
college of the Imperial Counts of Franconia ; and in the circle of Franconta
they enjoy feat and voice betwixt Hohetilohe and Wertheim. Their matricular-evaluation
to the Empire and Circle, fince the year 1678, has been
only eighteen florins ; that is to fay, on account of Caßell four florins,
thirty kruitzers ; on account of Remlingen the like fum 3 and on account of
Rudenhaufen, nine florins.
jixdollars,
To each chamber-term this county pays eighteen
eighty-four kruitzers and a half.
I. The

Caftell.] GERMAN
T.
489
I. The elder pi'incipal line of Caßeli-Refnlijigen^ which again
divides itleh into two lines, is poflefled
1. Of the prefe(fturate of Castell, at the StcigerioaU, which takes its
name from the ancient mountain-citadtl and family feat of Caßell, which
in 1525 was wholly laid wafte by an infurredlion of the boors. Below it,
however, ftill lies the village of the like name. In 1332 Count Hermmvi III.
ceded one half of the prefediurate of Caftell, and likewife of the prefent
ruinous citadel, to the Burggraves of Nürnberg ; but Count Wolfgang
^heodorick exchanged the Marggrave of Brandenburg?, fliare in the village
of Caßell in lieu of the other fubjedts oi Caßell, by which means it reverted
again entirely to that houfe ; neverthelefs the ground on which the old citadel
of "Gaßell (kood is ftill a üef o( Brandenburg-Onolzbaclj, and the Onolzbach
prefedlurate of Little-Latikheitn, which belongs to the upper-prefecturate
of Vffenhelm, is yet commonly called the prefedurate of Caßell,
We are to remark here
Caßell, a village, fituated below the ruinous mountain-citadel of that
name, with a new and fine refidentiary palace in it, which Count Wolfgang
Ibeoderick caufed to be eredled, and at which one of the collateral
lines of the Remlingen principal line refides.
Wiefenbron, a village and citadel, the greateft part of which was brought
to the county by Count Conrad III.
Bwklein, a cloyfler, near which the rivulet Ehe has its rife.
Wußenfelden^ a hamlet.
Rehweiler, a fmall village or hamlet, which is the feat of the coufins of
ihe Counts of Caßell.
2. The prefeclurate of Remlingen is formed out of thofe parts of
the prefefturates of Remlingen, which belonged to the ancient race of the
Counts of Wertheim who became extinä: in T556, and of which fome
places defcended by ftipulation to the Counts of Caßell, Conrad III. and
George III. their mother being father's lifter to Michael the laft Count of
Wertheim. Thefe places confift of
A fhare in the market-town of Remlingen, in which alfo that of Loivenßein-Wertheim,
and the bifliopric of Wurzburg are pofTefled of parts.
The villages of Under and Uppcr-Alterbeim, as alfo that of Billingfbüufen.
Vol. V. R r 1 11. Tht

450 GERMANY, [Werthelm.
II. The younger principal line of Caßell-Riide7ihaufcn
is poflefled of the
Prefedurate of Rudenhausen at the Steigeru-ahi, in which is
Rticle72hanfcn, a village, containing a refidentiary-palace.
ylptfchivitid, a parochial-village : together with
The hamlets of Kreuth, Sambach, and Riedcrn.
The County of
IF E R "T H E I M,
§. I. 'T^ HE county of WertheimYxts betvv'ixt the archbifliopric of Mentz
* and the billiopric of Wurzburg, a part of it being bounded alfo
by the county of Erbach. The Mnyn runs through it, and in this county
receives into it the 'T'cniher. Exclufive of other fruits and natural productions
it yields alfo a good growth of wine.
§. 2. The ancient Counts of Wcrthcim in 1398 divided this county into
two parts and feveral governments. Count ^ohn, the elder brother, obtained
for his fliare the town of Wertheitn, together with the prefeflurates
of Reinlingen., Freudenberg, and houtenbach ; and Count Michael, the
younger brother, the feigniory of Breuberg, together with the prefefturate
of Schwanberg. From this divifion arofe two feveral lines in this houfe,
but thefe lines, in 1556, became extindl in male heirs in the perfon
of Count Michael. By his confort Catharine Countefs of Stolberg and
Konigßein he left a daughter four months old, and named Barbara,
who died fourteen days after him, and to her fucceeded her mother. His
father-in-law. Count Lewis of Stolberg and K'>nigllein, endeavoured to
bring over the fief of the county of Wertheitn to himfelf and pofterity, and
in 1556 actually obtained the regalia from the Empire, together with the
Bohemian and Fuldan fiefs. He alfo exerted himfelf in refpedl to thofe
c
of
PFurzburg, and in the fame year a capitulation was propofed to him by the
Wurzburg chancery, by which the Wurzburg fiefs were greatly extended.
Accepting them therefore, as is faid in behalf of the Lowenßein fide, out of
ignorance; he obta'ned the invefliture for himfelf, the male-heirs of his body,
and both his eldeft daughters, viz. the above-mentioned Catherine, Countefs
dowager oi Wertheitn, who afterwards married Philip Count, oi Eberßein ;
and Elizabeth, who was firfl confort to Count Theodorick of Manderjcheidt,
5 and

Werthelm.] G E R M A N 7\ 491
and afterwards, namely in 1594, to Wiliiam, Baron of Krichingen. His
third daughter, Ainic, confort to Count Lewis of Loivenflcin, was palled
over in the capitulation ; notwithftanding which the father ordered in 1566
that all his daughters fliould make the beft of, enjoy and pofTefs his allotted
counties and feigniories, to be held in equal fliares by them and their pofterity
: Which p;Uernal ordination the three KGnigßein husbands to tliefe
daughters, namely the Counts of Eberßehi^ Manderfcheidt, and Loiocnflein^
folemnly accepted and confirmed. But Count Lewis of Stolberg and Kofiigßein
dying in 1574, Count Lewis of Lo%üe?ißein in his own name, and
that of his lady and male-heirs, in conjundtion with both his brothers-inlaw
Ei^^'/y?«'« and Mdmkrfcbeit, took pofleilion of the county. In 1576
thefe three fliarers came to an agreement relating to the government thereof
in common. But the fecond Konigßei?2 heirefs, being married in 1594 to
JVilliat}!, Baron of Krichingen^ this Jaft fought to annull the father's ordination,
for which reafon Lowe?ißein refufed to admit him into the partnerfliip.
It is true, that in 1596 they came to a previous agreement, but that
agreement was not adhered to ; fo far from it that this fecond fifter, who
was married to the Baron of Krichiiigen, after the death of her eidefl fifter,
caufed Julius bifliop of Wiirzburg, in the name of the Wurxburg inveftiture,
and under a pretence that Anne, Countefs of Lowenflein, was incapable
thereof, to deprive the latter and her hufband in 1598, by force of
arms, of the greateft part of the county of Wertheim. But at laft the
Lowenßein houfe arrived to the quiet poiTelTion of their fliare of the county,
which it ftill retains.
The origin, hiftory, and divifion of the Lowenßein or Lowenßein-Wer~
theim houfe has been fhortly defcribed above under Schwarzenberg and
Hohe?ilohe.
§. 3. The arms for the county of Wcrtheim are a crefcent eagle fable, in
a field Or, and on account o{ Breiiberg two ^Q^t% gides, in a i\Q\A argent.
§.4. At the Diet of the Empire the Princes and Counts of Lowenßein-
JVertheim are poflelfed on account of this county of two voices in the Franconian
college of Counts j but the princely line refufes any longer to adhere
to it. At the circle of Franconia they enjoy both feat and voice betwixt
Caßell and Rieneck. To a fingle Roman month eacli of the two principal
lines contributes twenty-fix florins, thirty kruitzers, and to a chamberterm
both unitedly pay eighty-fix rixdoUars, fifty-one kruitzers.
§. 5. The proprietors of the county of Werthcim are hereditary chamberlains
of the bifhopric of IFurzburg. Their under-chamberlains have
been from time of old
the Zobels of Gibellladt.
§. 6. A confiderable part of the county of Wertheim, the biiliopric of
Wurzburg, on the extindion of the old Counts, brought to itfelf, and a fmall
fhare thereof is likewife come to the Counts oi Caßell. The rell: the Princes
and Counts of Lowenßein-Wertheim pofi"efs ; but as I am not able juftlyt
R r r 2 to

.
492 GERMANY. [Wertfeim.
to afllgn the prefent fliare of the latter, it is mofl: advifable to defcribe the
county according to the ftate in which it was pofTeffed by the laft Counts
thereof. Thofe parts therefore which have defccnded to JVurzburg and
Caflell fiiall be taken notice of fo far as I am acquainted with them, but
tliink it neceffary here once for all to obferve that the places and eftatesnext
following, are partly Imperial Bohemian, JVurzburg, and Fuldan
fiefs ; and partly alfo JVerthei?n property. Thus to the ancient county of
Wcrtheim belonged
1. JVertheim, the capital thereof, lying on the river M^vz, which at this
place receives into it the Tauber, after having divided the town. In it are
two Lowenftcin-Wertheim refidentiary palaces, as alfo a parifli-church, at
which in 14 19 was founded a canonry, and which the Lutherans as well
as Roman-cdX\\QX\c^ make ufe of in common, together with a Lati}2 fchool.
The magiftracy here however is wholly Proteftant. The town with its
appendages, and the old Wcrtheim ftem-houfe, are held in fief from the
crown of Bohemia ; but one third of the criminal jurifdidion oi Wertheim i&
a fief of Wurzburg. On the other fide of the MayfiWz^ Kreutz-Wertheim.
At the entrance of the town lies the confiderable feat of Zur Alten-
Held, which is alfo a Bohemian fief
2. The prefecbarate of Remlingen, containing
1. Remli?igen, a market-town, in which the houfe o^ LowejiHein-Wertheim,.
the Counts of Caftell and the bifhopric oi Wurzburg are poffeffed of a fhare,.
and which is a Fuldan fief; but the old citadel, which formerly flood here;,,
was a fief of Wurzburg, and the regalia at and about Remlingen are bellowed
in fief by the Empire.
2. Helmßatt, anciently called Halbijjgßaft, a parochial-village.
3.
Uttingen, alfo a parochial-village.
4. Holzkirchen, a borough, having a cloyfter, and being a fief of
Fulda.
5. The cantred, or criminal jurifdiftion of Michelriedt.
6. The parochial-villages of Dcrdlngen, Urphar^ Eichel, and Rembachx.
•7. Heidenfeld, a market-town.
8. Lengfurt, or Lengfeld, a borough..
9. Tieffhithal, a parochial-village.
10. Erlenbach, alfo a parochial-village.
1 1
Holzkirchhaufen,
12. Zell, or Bofenzell, a village.
13.
likewife a parochial-village.
Buttelbron, one half of it a village.
AT. B. From N° 7 to 13 the bifliopric of Wurzburg is pofTefled ofl
See p. 409.
14. Billingßaufen, a village.
1^. Vpper-Altenheim, alfo a village.
16. Lower-Altenheimj likewife a village;

Weithemi.] G E R M Jl N T.
N. B. Thefe three laft the Counts of Caßell enjoy.
Rem. The above-mentioned parochial-village of Erlenbach refi^ned itfelf
in 1409, under certain conditions, to the protedtion of the Counts of
Werthcim, but arrived again to its former freedom in the year 1556 on the
death of Count Michael. Upon which the bailiff, (heriffs, and community,
as a free people, voluntarily refigned themfelves up a-new, under
certain conditions, to the protedion of the Count of Korngftein and his
daughter Catherine., as the then poffeffors of the county of Wertheim., and
in i574fubjeded themfelves alfo in like manner to the howicoi Loivenfteifiy,
paying it homage.
3. The prefedurate of Freudenberg, in which is
Freudenberg, a town and citadel.
Boxel, or Boxthal, a parochial-village.
Ebnet, or Eboiheit, alfo a parochial-village.
A^. B. Thefe fcveral places are to be found above under the bifliopric of
Wurzburg^ fee p. 409.
4. The prefecfturate of Schwanberg, in which is
Schioamberg, or Schwanberg, a borough and citadel, ceded to the Count&^
oi JVertheim in the year 1296 by the ancient Lords o{ Boxberg.
Hartheim, a market-town and citadel, fee above p. 409.
Bulfrigheim,
a parochial-village.
WaUftetten, alfo a parochial-village.
N. B. Thefe two laft parochial-villages are poflefTed by Wurzburg..
Gifzigheim, a parochial-village.
The feats of Waigerjtctten, Hoffeiden, Betziüiefe?i, and Wolferftetten.
5. The prefedturate, citadel, and borough of Konigheim, which is ai
Bohemian fief, and lies in the territory of the archbifliopric of Mentz,.
See above. Vol. iv. p. 519.
6. The prefedlurate of Lautenbach, in which is
Lautenbach, a citadel and parochial-village, feated on the Mayn.
The villages of Dutenbrunn, Rohrbach, Werfifeld, and Steinjeld : together
with
The right protedion over the cloyfler of Brumbach, or Brunnbach, but
this Wurzburg A.X. prefent enjoys. See above, p. 410.
7. The feign iory of Breiiberg belongs in common to the houfes of Lowenftein-Wertheim
and Erbach, being a fief of Fulda. The ancient Lords
of Breiiberg were a confiderable houfe. Their male line became extindt
in the fourteenth century in the perfons of Arroa and Eberhard, Lords
of Breuberg, each of whom was poffeffcd of one half of this feigniory.
Arroes, who died fo early as the year 1329, bequeathed his half to his
daughter Mecktild, her husband, and their heirs 5 and in c^fe llie died
without iffue, to her fift^r Cunigunda, who wa^ married to Coni'ud oiTryrru.
berg, and her heirs j whom alfo Henry, abbot ot Jt'ulda, invcfled therewith.
m
493

494-
GERMANY. [Wertlielm.
in the year 1323. Eberhard, who died fo early as the year 1324, obtained
of Ht'iirv, abbot of FuJda, for his daughter Eüzüheth, confort to Count
Rudolpbus of Werthcim and Luckart , but who was fiift confort to Conrad,
Lord of Weinjperg, and afterwards to Godjrey, Lord of Epjicin, the inveftiture
of his half of the feigniory of Breuberg. Her ftiare therefore of
this feigniory continued in the Counts of IFertheivi till the extinction cf
their male race, on which it defcended in the following manner to the
houfe oi Erbacb. Mary, aunt by the father's fide to M/V/j

Wertheim.] GERMANY, '
incorporated into one pariili with Bandbach. In its church Divine Service
is performed only every fourteen days.
Hochß, or Hotft, a populous borough with a Proteftant parirti-church ia
it, lying on the river Mumling, and tbrmerly containing a Benedi£line nunnery,
which flood under the infpedlion of Fulda. This place belonged
to the Eledor-palatine,
Gruwbach, Criunpach, or ATumling-Grumbach, a village, which had anciently
Lords of its own, but which probably belonged to the Brcuberg
line. This place takes its furname from the river Mumling, on which it
ftands.
Kircb-Brambach, otherwife called Braubach or Branbach, a parochialvillage
with a Proteftant church in if, and formerly containing a citadel.
Belljiein, or Beilftcin, a village.
Seckmcmern, a vi.lagc with a church in it, which had formerly a curate
of its own, but is now incorporated into one parifh with that of
Vielb?-im,
a parochial-village.
8. The prefeäurate of Little-Heubach, or Heibach, alfo called
Heidbach, which has its feat in the market-town of that name, lying on
the river Mayn, and being well-built and inhabited. In this town is a
citadel, and in 1753
horfes and cattle. Heubach was difpofed of by the Counts of Erbach in
it obtained the right of holding yearly two fairs for
the year 1721 to Prince Dominicus of Lo'wenjtein-Wa-theijn, but on condition
that on the extinöion of his male hne the place Ihould revert
gratis to it in the ftate it fhould then happen to be, no account of any
charges for its improvement or other expences being to be brought to the
male heirs of the houfe Erbach at fuch time extant ; and that in cafe the
female defcendants of Lö'Zi'c';7//f/>;-/^fr//j«w fliould oppofe it, the male line
of Erbach fliould be entitled of their own authority, and that without any
judicial proceedings, to enter upon pofTefTion of the Ejcheat. But if
the male line of Erbach fliould drop firft, and after them alfo the male
line of Lowenßein, that in fuch cafe the daughters of both fides or their
heirs were to divide Little-Heibach among tbem in fuch manner that the
heirs of each line Oiould obtain one half thereof. The ProtePant fubjetts
were to be in no wife aggrieved in the exercife of thtir religion, nor the
Simultaneum to be introduced into the paiifh-church there, and neither in
nor near the borough any Roman- czlhoWc chapel to be built, but the
princely houfe was to confine the exercife of the 7?' »z«7-catholic religion,
both for itfelf, its court, and officers, to the limits of the citadel. The
Proteftant curate was to be appointed by the princely houfe, hut the perfon
fo pitched upon was to be referred for examination to the confifiory of
Erbach, and on obtaining from thence a gocd teftimony to be confecrated
and prefented by one or two curates out of the feigniory of Breubcrg. That
when ever the Proteftant curate or fchoolraafter, or the fubjefts of the
place
4^^^

4^6 GERMANY. {Rieneck
place flioLild think themfelves interrupted or agrieved in the quiet and full
enjoyment of their revenues and the exerclle of the Proteftant religion, and
the mifunderftanding (hould be of I'uch a nature as not to be adjufted in a
friendly manner, both houfes were in fuch cafes to choofe certain arbitrators
for the judicial decilion of the fame; and in cafe the houfe of Loivenßein
fliould be negligent in this point, or refufe to abide by the determination of
the arbitrators, the houfe of Erbach (Lould be entitled to redeem the borough
with its appendages, on paying down the redemption money, &c.
Rem. The houfe of Lowoißein-JVertheim is alfo poffeifed of the county
o^ Lowenßciti under the jurifdidlion of the Duke oi Wurteinherg, (fee above>
p. 214, as likewife of the feigniories oi Chajfepierfe, Cugrion, Herbemojit.,
Fi'ullr, Orgeo, HavrcJJe, Hation, and of one third of Neucbateau in the
dutchy of Luxemburg, (fee Vol. iv. p. 280 ;) as alfo of the county of Fimenburg
in the circle of Wejlphalia, (fee Vol. iv. p. 484 ; and the feveral feigniories
in Bohemia^ as namely Heyde and Altjattel, both which lie in the
Pilfner circle, &c. together with feveral places belonging to the eftates
of the immediate nobility of the Empire,
The C o V N T Y of
R I E N E C K.
THE
county of jR.'V;;e'f^ (not 'Reineck) is environed by the archbifhopric
of Meniz, the county of Ha?!au, and the bifhopric of Wurzburg being
fituated on what is called the Spejzharf. This county had anc'ently
fome confiderable Counts of its own, who held their eftates in fief of toe
Eledtor of Mentz, the bifhopric of Wurzburg, and the Eledor-palatuie.
Their line became extindl in 1559 in the perfon of Count Philip, ujjon
which the county was divided as follows : that is to fay, the bidiopric oi Wurzburg
refumed its fiefs, which confifted of the prefedlurates of Rothenfels,
Schonrain, and Aura in the Sinnegrund, already mendoned. But the prefedlurate
of Wildenßein, or cantred of Eßhau, a palatine fief, was ct Ld ift
property by the Eledor-palatine in the year 1560 to the Counts oi Erbach
-y
and the reft of this county fell to the archbifhopric of Menfz, which firft
fettled a part of it on Margaret, of the houfe of Erbach, reliä; to the laft
Count thereof, but afterwards difpofed of the faid part in fief, in the year
1673, to Count John Hartwig of Noflitz, and in 1684 one half alfo of the
Biebergrund, together with a fourth of the little town of Rieneck, and
the village of Schaibach to the Counts of Hanau. The Eledor of Mentz,
fo

Erbach.]
GERMANY.
fo early as the year 1567, was admitted, on account of this county, in the
aflembly of the circle of Franconia to feat and voice ; befides which the
right of feat and voice on account of this county at the Diets of Franconia,
and likewife at that of the Empire, and the college of the Counts of
Franconia was difpofed of to the above-mentioned Count of Nojlit-z. At
prefent this county pays to each Roman month twenty-eight florins, namely
on account of Rieneck eight florins, fifty-four kruitzers ; and on account
of Lobr nineteen florins, fix kruitzers. Under the nine hundred rixdollars,
twenty-one kruitzers and a half, which the eledlor of Menfz pays to each
chamber-term, is alfo included his evaluation for Rieneck. We are to remark
here
497
1. The fhare of the Counts o? Rieiteck in this county, containing in it
Rieneck, a fmall town and citadel, feated on the rivulet of Sinn, and of
which the co\^v\iy oi Hanau is polTeffed of one fourth. See Vol. iv.
Schaibach, a village,
of Hanau pofTefTes one fourth.
alfo feated on thaSinn, of which likewife the county
2. The fliare of the archbifliopric of Mcntz, or the prefedurate of
LoHR, to which belongs
Lobr, a fmall town, near which the rivulet of the fame name falls into
the Mayn. At this place alfo is a rural chapter, and a very good manufacture
Flammenbach^
for the making of glaffes and mirrours.
a parochial-village.
Wiejhi, alfo a parochial-village.
County of
ERBACH.
The
§. I . r\
F the county of Erbach, Bernard Kanzler has delineated a chart
^^ which is to be found in the Atlas of Blacu and Janßon. This
chart however ftands in need of improvement and diftribution. In
Schneiders hiftory and lineage-table of the houfe of Erbach is alfo to be
met another chart of this county.
§. 2. The county of Erbach lies on the Odcfiivalde, being environed by
the archbifhopric of Mentz, the eledorate-palatine, the upper county of
Katzcnchibogen, and a part of the county oi Wertheim. Its length amounts
to above five and its breadth to four German miles and a half.
§. 3. It is indeed a mountainous country, bat well cultivated, and alfo
pretty fruitful. The more barren lands are fuftered to reft between five
Vol. V. S f 1 and

498 GERMANY. [Erbach.
and ten years ; after which the buflies, heath, and whatever elfe they are
over-run with, are cut down in time of harveft, dug and tore out with the
roots, and a part alfo of the turf, and being laid together in heaps, as foon
as they become dry, are fet on fire ; the aflies of which are fpread abroad,
and then is the land ploughed up and fown. This labour is called grubbing.
In general there are cultivated yearly in this county about 73,91 1 coombs
of rye, fpelt, wheat, barley, oats and buck-wheat, which are fufficient for
the ufe of the inhabitants. They alfo cultivate yearly to the amount of
44,000 coombs of potatoes. The beft paflures and meadows here lie in
the vallies. There are alfo annually prepared at leafl three hundred centners
of pot-afli in this county. The wine in the prefedurate of Schonberg
on the Bergftrafz is called the Bergßrafzer ; but that which grows near
Keichcnbcrg is better and not unlike Ehenißi. The wine of Wildenßei?i alfo
is good, but the other wines here are of no great value. Its forefts are
become thin, and many pieces of ground which were formerly taken up
with woods have been converted into arable land; but at prefent they begin
again to plant wood. The breeding of cattle here is pretty confiderable.
There are good ftone-quarries and marble here. Formerly, but that only
for a little while, fome mines of filver, copper, lead and quickfilver were
likewife worked here, and there are even ftill fome good mines of iron,
which are kept open ; and in the fmelting-furnace near Furßamu are
yearly fnielted, within the fpace of twenty weeks, about 3360 centners of
that metil ; and near Michelfindf, and in the villages of Schellnbach and
Giunmclsbdch are iron forges. The rivulets which take their rife in this
country, among which the Mnmling\% the principal, all difcharge themfelves
into the Mayn, Rhifje and Neckar, and abound in fifli.
§.4. The inhabitants amount to between twenty-three and twenty-four,
thoufand fouls. The country, as well as the houfe of Erbach, profefTes
itfelfof ihit Luthera?i church. Its exports confift of fine meal made of
fpelt, oats, buck-wheat, wood, coals, pot-afii, cattle, iron, nuts, honey and
wax. The wool! produced here is manufacftured into cloth.
§. 5. The ancient Dynaßa of Erbach, after their attainment of the palatine-olhce
of hereditary cup-bearer, generally ftyled themfelves Schenke?!, or
cup-bearers, o^ Erbach, or Schenken Lords of Erbach. In the year 1532,
the Ennperor Charles V. with the confent of Leivis, the Eledtor-palatine,
raifed Schenken Eberhard, Lord of Erbach, and the legitimate heirs of
his body and defcendants, to the State of Counts of the Empire, and the
feigniory of Erbach to the degree of a county. Count George Albrechty
great-grandfon to the faid Eberhard, who died in the year 1647, had, among
other children, tvv'o fons, who founded two principal lines of the houfe of
Erbach: that is to fay, Count George Lewis that of Erbach, and Count
George Albrecht that oi Furßcnaii. The former of thefe lines became extind:
in the year 173 (, in the perfon of Count irt'^/^nV;^ Charles, upon which i'ts
fliare

Erbach.] GERMAN
T.
499
fliare in this country fell to the latter, which is divided again into three
lines ; namely, into thofe of Erbach-Erbach, Erbach-Schonberg and E'rbach-
Furjienau.
§. 6. The county of Erbach is for the moft part a fief of the Electcrpalatine,
and on the raifing of the houfe oi Erbach to the dignity of Counts,
the feodal-rights were exprefsly referved to that of the Eledlor. The oihce
of hereditary cup-bearer, which the Counts of Erbach hold in fief of the
Eledor-paladne, was firil obtained by George, Lord of Erbach, who lived
in the firft half of the thirteenth century ; but, according to others, his
grandfather E/;f;-/:»^;7/, Lord oi Erbach, who is placed in the twelfth century,
was the firft hereditary cup-bearer to the palatinate on the Rhine.
§.7. The title of this family is, Counts o/Erbach and Lords 19/' Breuberg.
Their arms are a fhield quarterly, whofe firft and fourth quarters are divided
gules and argent ; on the former of which they have two ftars argent, but
on the latter a ftar gides, for the county of Erbach. The fecond and
•
ftand
third quarters have two fefles giiks, in a field arg'enty for the feigniory of
Breuberg.
§. 8. The Counts of Erbach are pofi"efi"ed of two voices at the Diet of the
Empire in the college of the Counts oi Franconia. At the circle of the fame
they fit between Rieneck and Limburg. To each Rojnan month they pay
forty florins, and to one chamber-term twenty-feven rix-dollars, two kruitzers
and a
half.
§. 9. At Michelßadt is a regency in common, and likewife a common
fuperintendency of the Counts of Erbach. The affairs of the Empire and
Circle are managed in common by a privy-council.
§. 10. To the county of Erbach belong the following prefedlurates : "Siz.
Erbach, anciently called Erdtpach, an old citadel and a fmall town, feated
in a narrow valley amidft high mountains on the river Mumling, The proper
and original town of Erbach confifts only of fixteen houfes, which
by the citadel, and together with it, are furrounded with a wall ; but
without this wall many other houfes have been built, which have the appearance
of a fuburb. This place was incorporated anciently into one parifli with
Michelßadt, but obtained a chapel, which at length acquired the right of a
parifli-church.
The villaofe of Erbach lies at no ereat diftance from the town, and
through it runs a rivulet which on a meadow hard by the town finks into the
earth, and below it palfes through a mountain, on the other fide of which,
clofe by the Stocldjcini mill, it ilfues out again, and at length runs into the
Mumli7ig.
Wurzberg, a village, which is partly the property of Erbach, but for the
moft part is a fief of Hefe-Darmßadt. The latter fliare in it is pofi"efied by
the family oi Ingelheim. This place pays taxes to the canton of Odemvald.
Together with nine other villages.
S f f 2 2. The

500
GERMANY, [Erbach.
2. The prefedurate of Michelstadt.
Michelßadt,
_
the moft confiderable place in the whole county, is a ftiiall
but ancient town, formerly containing a provoftlhip which belonged to
the cloyller of Lorfih. At this place lies the common regency of Erbach,
as likev/ife their common fuperintendency. Clofe by the town is an ironfoandery.
....
Bullau, a vill;ige, with a chapel in it, is incorporated into one parilh with
Michclßüdi.
Euknhach, or Eidhach, is an ancient place, which was formerly a fmall
village, but is at prefent only a feat belonging to the family.
Stockheim and Zell-, formerly called alfo MangoUs Zell, are likevvife ancient
villages.
3. The prefeäurate of Freienstein, or the upper-cantred, belonging to
the line of Erbach-Furßenau. In it is
Freie?ißeln, a citadel, fortified in the ancient tafte and feated on a mountain
named the Wcckherg, which is in mofl places very fteep and lies on the
borders of the palatinate.
Berfelden, formerly called Buerfelden, Baiierfelden, or Baycrfelden^ a
parochial-village and an ancient place.
Gammehhach, a village, in which are iron-founderies.
Hejfelbach, a village, over which the abbot of Amorbach appoints judges.
Schellnbach, a village, containing a chapel and an iron-foundery.
Senfzbach, a village, which is divided into the Upper and Lower Senjzbcich.
Exclufive of eight other places.
4. The prefedturate ot Furstenau: containing
Furflenau, an old citadel, feated in the Plumgau, or Blumenaii, which is
alfo called the RojenthaU and is a fief of the Eledor of Mentz. Near this
place is
a furnace for the fmelting of iron.
Sfeinbach, a village, having an iron-work and forge, and formerly alfo
eontaining a nunnery.
Gufersbacb, an old village, formerly containing a parilh-church.
HilterßUngcn, a village, one half of which is fimply called HilterßUngen,
but the other HilterJkUngen on the Hort. The for.iier of thefe, with all its
rights and emoluments, belongs to the houfe of Erbach ; but the latter to
the archbiiliopric of Mentz, and therein to the upper prefedurate of Starkmberir;
notwithftanding which Erbach is poflelTed in it of the government
and criminal-jurifdidion.
Lan^^en-Brambach, otherwife called Brabach, or Braubach, a village.
Upper-Mofau, alfo a village, formerly containing a parifh-church, and
havin

Erbach.] GERMANY, 501
Together with four other places.
5. The prefedurate of Ri:icHEKBERG : in which is
R^ichcnberg, a citadel, feated on the borders of the upper county
of Katzenelnbogen.
Rcichcljheim, a parochial-village,
Berfurt, a village, which is divided into Klrch-Berfurt and Ffaffa:-
Berftirt. In the former is a fniall church, or chapel. The latter heiongs
with refpedt to its ground-jurifdiiftion and government, to the foundation of
the Holy-Ghojl at
Heidelberg.
Getjpeuz, a village, which is divided into the Upper and Loiver^ and lies
on a rivulet of the fame name. This place, in conjunction with
Upper-Kei?jfpach., which isalfoa village, conftitutes a particular cantred,
or criminal-jurifdiiftion. The village o^^ Under- Keinfpach was formerly a tief
oi Fulda, but the Eleftor-palatine purchafsd the fuperiority thereof.
Exclufive of eight other places.
6. The prefedlurate of Schonberg. In it is
Scbonberg, anciently called Schonenbnrg, a citadel, which is a pafs leading
out of the Bcrgßrafze into the Odenwald. In the vallev below it lie fome
houfes which form a fmall village, the cantred, or criminal-jurifdiiTtion of
which belongs to Heppenheiniy a kellerey of the Eleäor of Meniz. The
citadel and village are incorporated into one parilh with Benjkeim in the
archbifhopric of Mentz.
Ehnßmujen, or Elmanßaujen, a village, in which is found lead-ore, and
the third part of which has been conferred by the Eledor-palatine on the
houfe of Erbach.
Gadernheim, or Gadern, an old village.
Grünau, a parochial-village, producing a good growth of wine.
The villages of Reichenbach and Rimpach ; the latter of which lies feparate
; together with fix other places.
7. The prefefturate of König, confifting of
König, a parochial-village, which is an ancient place and a fief of the
Elector of Mentz ; together with
The Furß.engrund, which is incorporated into one paridi with König.
8. The prefedlurate of Wildenstein, or the cent-amt of Ejchau,
formerly belonged, as a palatine-fief, to the Counts of Rieneck, and has
now of a long time been mortgaged by them to the houfe of Falkenjtein.
On the extinction of the Counts of Rieneck it reverted, as an open fief, to the
Eledlor-palatine, and by him was ceded, in the year 1560, to the houfe of
Erbach, as property. In it is
Wildenflcin, a citadel, feated on the Spejzhart, and below which lies a;
village.
F.fchaUt
a parochial-village.
HochfladteVj,

502 G E R M A N T. [Limburg.
Hochlladten, alfo called Hofßadten, a village with a church in it, and incorporated
into one pariih with Efchau.
Rem. The borough oi Little-Heibach, which, till the year 172 1, belonged
to this prefefturate, was fold to the princely-houfe of Lowenßein-
Wertheim. See above, in the county of Wertheim.
9. The half of the feigniory and prefedturate of Breuberg : concerning
which fee above, under the county of PFcrtbei}n.
Rem. Tht^rdedLux^Li&oi Dan?ienberg-Seeheivi, which, in the year I C04,
was wrefted from the houfe of Erbach, during the Bavarian war, by William,
Landgrave of iif/Zf? ; and again, in 1510, reflored in a great meafure
to it, though as a Heßan fief, was fold in the year 17 14, after many dilputes
about it, by the houfe of Erbach to Heße-Darmßadt for the fum of 207500
florins. It confifted of the following places : viz. Damie/iberg, or Tannenberg,
a citadel, which was laid wafte in 1399 ; of Seeheim, a village fjtuated
below it ; of Bickenbac.h, alfo a village, near which was fituated the
citadel of Bickenbach, which was the family feat of the ancient lords of
Bickenbach ; and likewife of the villages of Alsbach, Bedenkirchen, Balkhauj'en,
Greai-Rohrheim, °Juge7iheim, Staffeln, Malchen and Wurzelbacb. Thefe
places belong, to this very day, to Zwingenherg, which is an upper-prefecturate
of Hejfe-Darmftadt. See above, p. 75. The houfe of Erbach has
been poflefTed alfo of a fhare in the fortrefs of Habizheim and its appendages ;
but this fortrefs, in the years 1530 and 1664, was alienated to others, and
at prefent is principally poflelTed by the houfe of Lowenjlein-Wertheim.
LIMBURG,
'The Seigniory of
§. I. /^F the proper feigniory of Limburg, Homantis heirs, in the year
^-^ 1749» publidied a chart, which in the Atlas of Germany conftitutes
the feventy-fecond, and took its rife from the meafurements which the
Lords of the county caufed to be made ; but might .and ought to have been
much more accurate than it is.
§. 2. This feigniory lies in Sivabia, being environed by the dutchy of
Wurtemberg, the provoftlhip of Ekanngen, the principality of Onolzbach and
the territory of the Imperial city of S-wabian-Hall ; and in its greatefl: extent,
from fouth to north, is almoft five Gertnan miles, but from weft to
eaft only four and a half. The feigniory of Speckfeld, which belongs to it,
lies in Franconia, being environed by the princely county of Schivarzenberg,
the

Limburg.] GERMANY, .503
the feigniory of Seinjheimy the county of Caßell and the bifliopric of
JVurzburg. In length above two German miles, and between one and
one and a quarter broad. Through the former runs the river Kocher,
which in it receives the rivulets and brooks of Roth, Eisbach, Egelfbach,
&c. having their rife therein. The rivulet of Buhler alfo rifes in this
feigniory.
§. 3. The ancient Lords, but afterwards the Counts, of Limburg, who
were the hereditary cup-bearers of the holy Roman Empire, and always
free, divided themfelves into two principal lines; namely, into thefe of
Speckfeld and Gaildorf, The latter became extindf in its male-heirs in the
year 1690, and the former in 171 3, in the perfon of Count Volrath. The
- c\Q.&.oi2\-\\o\x'iQ, o{ Brandenburg, in the year 1693, caufed the exped:ancy
of the Imperial fiefs of Limburg to be conferred on itfelf by the Emperor
Leopold, which expedancy the Emperor yc/t'/»^, in 1706, and the Emperor
Charles VI. in 171 2, thought fit to ratify. The lad Count of Limburg
therefore dying in the year 1713, the King of Prußa took poirefiion of
his country, but at length ceded it to the allodial heirs, and the Emperor
fequeflrated the Imperial fiefs, but, in 1728, conferred the inveftiture of them
on King Frederick William, as Imperial Sub-vafial. In the year 1742,
King Frederick II. transferred thefe Limburg Imperial fiefs to the princely
houfe of Brandenburg-Ondzbach ; which tranflation was approved of by
the Emperor Charles Yl\. m the year 1744. In 1746, the Mar2;grave
Charles William Frederick of Brandcnburg-Onolzbach determined at length,
by an agreement, the tedious difputes with the allodial heirs oi Limburg,
which agreement was alfo appproved of by the King of Prufjia as well as
by the Marggrave of Brandenburg-Culmhach, and, in 1748, interchnnged
and ratified. By virtue of this agreement the allodial heirs ceded to Brandenburg-Onolzbach,
(i.) three quarters in the circle-voice of Limburg-
Gaildorf-Schmidelfeld ; in confequence of which the princely-houfe of
Onolzbach took upon itfelf the payment of feven florins of the fingle
tax of the Empire and Circle. (2.) The whole of the military feodal-court
oi Limburg, or the noble vaffals and occupiers of military fiefs, who were
allied
to the whole houfe o^ Limburg by homage, together with the inveftiture
of all feodal eftates, parts, rights and dependencies which they were
poflefied of, without exception, and particularly the fhare which was to
fall to the pofterity of Solms-Rodelheim and Saxe-Gctha-RoJa, who derived
their delcent from the Countefs Juliana Dorothea, confort to Wurmbrand
and Countefs by birth of Limburg-Gaildorf, all fuch vaflals and feoffees,
(3.) The fingle fubjedts lying near and commodious to both the Onolzbach
upi-)ev-pvefe

5'^^ GERMANY. [Limburg,
loroprietofy fubjeärs of Under- Sontbeim and Ummenhofeij, On the other
hand, Brandenburg-Onohbach ceded to the allodial heirs of the houfe of
Limburg, in heu of a genuine male and female fub-vaflalage of the Empire,
all and every the Limburg, Imperial, feodal immunities and regalia
of what denomination foever, and as many of them as were declared undoubted
fiefs of the Empire by the condufiim of the Aulic-council of the
Empire of the year 17 lo, with exception however of the Imperial feodaltoU
at Swabian-Hall and GeiJzli?Jgen below the gates, and both the convoys
belonging thereto in that part to Munkheim and GeifzU?igen, as being what
-the princely houfe of Onohbach referved to itfelf, though the proprietary
eftates there, of the Limburg allodial heirs, were alfo to be toll-free.
§.4. The frequently mentioned allodial heirs of Limburg, of the GaiU
dorf, Schmideljeld, Sontheim and Speckfeld lines, with whom this agreement
vi^as made, are, (i.) Wilhehnina Chriftiana, Countefs-dowager of Solms-
Ajfenheim, and Countefs by birth oi Limburg-GaildorJ. (2.) The Princefs
Maria Sophia Charlotta Wilh. Dor. Frederica, con fort to Hohenlohe-Bartenßein,
on account of her mother Chriftina Magdalena, Landgravefs-dowager
to Htjfe-Homburg, and alfo Countefs by birth oi Limburg. (3.) The children
and heirs dignified with the title of Counts, of the V.'äA^ Amone Sophia
Fredericn, Countefs-dowager of Loiaenjtein-Werthcim, and Countefs alfo by
birth 0^ Limburg-Schmidelfeld, Sontheim and Speckfeld. (4.) The children
and heirs, dignified with the title of Counts, of the Lady Frederica Augulla,
Countefs and confort to Schonhurg-Waldenburg, and likewife Countefs
by birth of Limburg-Schmidelfeld, Sontheim and Speckjeld. (5.) "Jidiana
Francifca, confort, Wildgravefs and Rhinegravefsof Grz/OT^öc^, and Countefs
bv birth of Pro/zing and Limburg. (6.) John Lewis Vollrath, Count
of Lowenftein-Wertheim, in the name of his confort Frederica Wilhehnina
Augufta, Countefs of Erbach and Limburg. (7.) Frederick Leiais, Count
of Lowenftein-Weriheim, as Count of Limburg, &c. (8.) Amelia Alexandrina
Frederica, Countefs-dowager of Rechtern and Countefs by birth of
Limburg, &c. (9.) Cbri/tiana Carolina Henrietta, Countefs of Gravenitz
and alfo Countefs by birth of Limburg, &c. (10.) The two daughters of
Frederick Erneft, Count of Welz and Limburg; namely, Mar. Freder.
Amone Chrift. Elizab. Eleonora, and Wilhelm. Carol. Francifca. Exclufive
of thefe, the pofierity of Solms-Rodelheim and Saxe-Gotha-Roda, who were
defcended from the Countefs of "Juliana Dorothea, confort to Wurmhrand
and Countefs hv birth of Limburg-Gaildorf, are alfo poffefTed of a fliare in
the country of Limburg.
§.5. The allodial heirs of Z//w(5«r^ enjoy, on account of this count}^ at
the Diet of the Empire, in the college of Franconian Counts, two voices.
In the circle of Francouia two voices were alfo granted to the houfe of
Limburg in 1589; but on this condition, that in cafe \ht Speckfeld and Gaildorj
lines ihould be united, there fiiould remain to Limburg only one voice.
But

Limburg.] GERMANY. 505
but, in the year 172 1, the circle of Franco/} ia determined for the future to
allow this houfe two voices, under the title of Limburg-Spcckfeld and Limburg-Gaildcrf.
In the latter voice, which takes precedence of the other,
Brandenburg-Onolzbach has, by virtue of the agreement mentioned in (§. 3.)
three quarters, but the remaining quarter the defcendants of the ^Countefs
'Juliana Dorothea, confort to Limburg-Gaildorf ; viz, Sohm-Rcdelheim and
Saxe-Gotha-Rhoda are polTcfled of. The whole county contiibutes to one
Rotnan month fixty-four florins : that is to fay, Limhurg-Qaildorf twenty
florins, twenty kruitzers ; Limburg-Speckfeld eighteen florins, forty-eight
kruitzers, znd Limburg- Sonthei?n iwtnty-iom ^or'in^, fifty-two kruitzers. Of
this matricuiar-evaluation Brandenburg-Onolzbach has, as is already mentioned
above in §. 3. taken upon itfelf the fum of feven florins. To
each chamber-term, in which Braridenbwg-Onolzbach is not concerned,
Limburg-Speckfe/d p-iys twenty-one rixdollars, fifty-nine kruitzers and a half,
and Limburg-Gaildorf the like fum.
§. 6. The allodial heirs of Limburg have not hitherto, as fir as lean learn,
divided the country, though for fome years part fuch a divifion has been labouring.
It confifls, as is already fliewn above,
I. Of the proper feigniory of Limburgs in which the allodial
heirs are poflefled of
1. Gaildorf a fmall town and citadel, lying on t}ne Kocher.
2. Upper-Roth, a parochial-village, fituated not far from the rivulet of
Roth, and
Vichherg, alfoa parochial-village, which has been mentioned already under
the dutchy of Wurtemberg.
3. Eidendorf a parochial-village.
4. Buchhorn, a village.
5. Michelbach, a parochial-village and citadel.
6. Middle-Fitshach, a parochial-village.
7. Upper-Sontheim, a borough, fituated on the Buhler, and containing a
common chancery of Limburg and Schmidelfeld.
8. Schftiideljeld, a citadel,
9. Schulzbach, a village and citadel.
10. The villages of Vpper-Groningen and Ffchach.
J I.
Above one hundred and fixty other vilages and hamlets.
VoL.V. T t t - II. Of

5o6
GERMANY, [B.
Onolzbach.
II. Of the feigniory of Speckfeld^ in which is to be obierved,
I- The market of Einerßeimy which is a market-town, containing a
citadel.
2. Tht vWl^gts o{ Miincb-SontheinJy Nenzenheim, &c.
3. Sommerkaufen, a market-town, fituated on the iWis)'« and fortified with
ramparts and ditches.
4. Winterhaujen, a village, feated on the Mayn.
Rem. The family feat of Limburg, together with the borough and prefecliirate
belonging thereto, was fold, in the year 1451, to the Imperial
city of Sivabian-Hall, for the fum of 45700 florins, by Erafmiis, Lord of
Limburg. The old ruinous citadel of Speckfeld is in the pofleflion of the
bifliopric of Wurzburg. The feigniory of Wehheirn reverted, after the
death of the laft Count of Limburg, as an open m-ale-fief, to the ducalhoufe
of Wurtemberg; and of this feigniory particular mention (hall be made
hereafter.
III.
The Marggraves of Braiideitburg-Onolzhach have, by virtue
of the above-mentioned agreement,
obtained
1. Markeriß:ofen, a village, confining of feventeen dwelling-houfes, together
with its limits, dependencies, and the high and low jurifdidlion
thereof; as alfo the village and community-feigniory, flieep-hook, farm
and pafture, and all other rights and jurifdiftions, as well regarding the fubjedts,
people and eftates, as likewife the profits, tithes, chace and other incomes,
of what denomination foever, without exception.
2. The former free proprietary-fubjeds of Limburg, who refided in the
villages of Under-Sontbeim and Vmmenhofen, together with all the incomes
and prerogatives annexed thereto, and likewife the high and low-jurifdidion
Q^ Limburg, partly as handed down in both thefe places, and partly in any
cafes to be exercifed,
together with chace-jurifdidion and other rights.
Rem. Thefe villages belong in part to the Imperial city of Sivabian-HciII
and the prefedturate of Fel/burg ; but all the three adduced villages are
bounded by the Onolzbach upper prefefturate of Creilß:eim.
3. The former Litnburg fingle fubjedls, feoffees and eftates of Uppers
Speltach, Goldbach, Ingerjheim, GoUacb-Ofrheim (which belongs to the
canton of Odentvald) Pfahlenheim, Herren- Bergtheim and Seydej-zell, together
with all the rights, jurifdidlions, government, mulfts and refpedive taxes,
imports, average, fervice, rents, tythes, &c. particularly thofe relating to
the village and common feigniory of GoJlach-Oftkeim, though with exception

Reichelfberg.] GERMANY, 507
tion of the by-toll handed down to it and the fiinukaneous chace in thefe
parts, as being referved for the Hne of Limburg-Speckfeld. The firft of thefe
places hes near the Upper-Onolzbach prefedlurate of Creilfieim, and the reft
by and in the upper prefedurate of IJffcnbeim.
SEINS
"The Seigniory
HEIM.
of
THE
feigniory of Seinß:!eim lies between the feigniory of Speckfeld and
the mag^ravial Onolzkach upper-prefed urate of IJffenhehn. The reigning
Prince of Schv^a^-zenherg has, on account of this feigniory, both feat
and voice at the Diet of the Empire in the college of Franconian Counts ;
but to this college he rciui'cs any longer to adhere ; and likewife in the circle
oi Franconia. The Imperial matricular-evaluation thereof is included in the
above-mentioned evaluation of Scbivarzenberg, but to each chamber-term it
pays thirty-five rixdoUars. It confifls of three prefedturates ; which are,
1. The adminiflratory-prefedlurate of Wasserndorf : in which is
Wajferndorf,
Markt-Seinß:)eim,
parifli-church.
a borough and citadel.
a market-town and citadel, containing a Roman-czthoWc
2. The vogt-amt oi Huttenheim, having its feat at
Hiittenheimy a parifli-village, in which is a Proteftant and a Roman-cz.i\io\lc
curate.
3. The adminlftratory-prefecflurateof Gnozheim, which has its feat at
Gnozheim, a village, containing a Proteflant parifh-church.
Seigniory of
REICHELSBERG.
I'he
npHE feigniory of Reichehberg, or Reigehberg, lies between the little
* towns of Aub and Rcttingen, which belong to Wiirzbiirg. On the
death of Cotirad of Brauneck it fell to the bifhopric of Batnberg, which
ceded it by way of exchange to the bifliopric of Wurzburg^ and the latter
invefled therewith Conrad oi JVeinfperg. In the year 1521, Catherine of
Weinjperg, confortto Count Eberhard oi Konigllein, difpofed of this feigniory
and likewife of one half of the town of Aub^ to the bilhopric of Wurz-
T t t 2 ^'^^gi

.
;
^o8
GERMANY. [Wkfentheld.
burg, for the fum of 49,300 florins in gold. In the year 1600, the bifliopric
filed, on account thereof, for a voice in the circle of Franconia, but could
not prevail. Afterwards it inverted the Barons of Scho}ibom in fuch a
manner with this feigniory, that they were thereby empowered to avail
themfelves of the title, and all the honours and dignities which the Lords
of Rcicbchbcrg anciently enjoyed, and promifed alfo to anfwer in their name
for all the taxes of the Empire. The Barons of Schonborn addreflcd themfelves
upon this, in the year 1684, to the circle of Fraticonia., and fought
to be received, on account of Reictehberg, to the degree of States cf the circle,
which was alfoetfeded : but, as by virtue of the recefs of the Diet of
the circle for this year, their reception was granted on this condition, that
they fhould promife to procure for themfelves immediate eftates, and fuffer
them to be charged with a proportionable matricular-evaluation; thebilhopric
of Wurzburg paid the Roman months and chamber-terms for this feigniory
and it was reckoned in the Wurzburg upper-prefedurate of Rötungen^
already mentioned, whence it appears that the prefent Counts of Schonborn
enjoy only the Reichchberg voice at the Diets of the Empire and Circle, and
taice their title therefrom without being ad:ual poffefTors of the feigniory
jtfelf At the Diet of the Empire they enjoy alfo, on account of this feigniory,
a voice in the Franconian college of Counts.
It comprizes in it,
1 Reichelsbcrg, or Reigelsberg, a mountain-citadel feated in the neighbourhood
of the litttle town of Aub.
2. The villages of Balkrßpelm, Burgood, or Burgenroth, together with
Bihebreren on the Tauber, &c.
Seigniory of
WIESENTHEID.
T'he
THE feigniory
the county of Caßell and the Omlzbach prefedlurates of Brixenßadt and
of WiefentheidWts between the bifhopric of Wurzhurg,
Little-Lankheim. The Counts of Dernbach, who were poffeffed thereof,
became extindl in the year 1697, "po" which it devolved to a line of the
houfe of Schonborn. The Counts of Schonborn-Wiefentheid are pofTefled, on
account thereof both of feat and voice at the Diet of the Empire in the
FrancoJiian college of Counts and likewife in the Circle of Franconia; and
to each Roman month contribute the fum of four florins. What they pay
This feigniory contains in it,
to a chamber-term I am notable to learn.
1. JViefeniheid, a citadel and village.
2. The villages of Kirch-Schonbach, Jenkerndorf, Atfchaufen, SchwarzcnaUy
Breitenfec, Michclbach, Vpper-Sempach and Dunkdhaujen,
The

Haufen.] GERMANY. 509
WELZHEIM.
l^he Seigniory of
'TP HE feigniory oi Weh.heim lies in Swabia, in the dutchy of Wtirtemberg
and on the river Lcin, in the neighbourhood of the town oi Schcrndorj
and the cloyfter of horch. Formerly the Lords, but afterwards the
Counts, of Limburg held this feigniory in fief of the Dukes of Wurtcvibcrg j
whence, on the extindtion of the former, in the year 1713, it reverted to
the latter. Duke Eberhard Lcinis made a donation of it, in 171 8, to the
Countefs Chrißina Wilhelmina of Würben; which donation fhe again made
over, in 1726, to the houfe of Wurtemberg in fief; but at the fame time it
was flipulated, that her brother, Count William Frederick of GravenitZy
fhould pofl'efs it in common with her. To this lafl: the circle of ¥ranco7iia
granted, in the year 1727, both feat and voice on the bench of Counts.
She likewife paid a matricular-evaluation of five florins, and was poflefTed
alfo, at the Diet of the Empire, both of feat and voice in the Franconian
college of Counts ; but Duke Charles Alexander of Wurtemberg again fupprefled
this feigniory ; and it belongs at prefent to the princely eilates of the
chamber of accounts. The voice, on account thereof, in the circle oi Franco^
nia, is alfo fuppreffed ; and for this reafon it pays no taxation to the circle.
Of Welzheim, or, as it is called in the land-charts, Weizen, is a market-town.
HA
The Seigniory
USE
of
N,
'T^ H E feigniory of Kaufen, or Hauten, lies within the limits of the
•*'
feigniory oi Limburg, and confifts of the village ofthat name. It is
a male-fief of the Eledtor of Bavaria, which reverted after the extinction
of the Counts of Limburg, and upon that was given in fief, firft to the
Baron of Dankelmann, but afterwards to the Baron of Bredow. In the
agreement made between Brandcnburg-Onolzbach and the Limburg allodial
heirs in the year 1746, I find t\n% Haufen adduced as an Imperial male fubvafiallage
dependent on the Elector of Bavaria as a noble male fief, which
was acquired anew by the princely houfe of Brandenburg-Onolzbach, and
appertaining

5IO GERMANY. [Nürnberg.
appertaining thereto with the high and low jurifdidion, as alfo the chace
within all its boundaries, together with all rights, immunities, and appendages.
On account of this feigniory is paid the fum of one florin to each
Romaii month.
NÜRNBERG,
7'he Imperial City of
With its Territory.
f\ F the Imperial city oi Nürnberg itfelf, and likewife of the country lying
^^ for one mile round it,
John Bapt. Hamann has publifhed a profpedl and
plan. Matth. Scutter has given us five other {heets, which partly lay before
the eye an accurate plan of the town of Nürnberg, together with a
general reprefentation of the Nürnberg territory and the Nürnberg circuit
within what is called the Grenz-Wajfer ; and partly alfo the criminal circuit
of the fortrefs and adminiftratory-prefedlurate of Lichtenau, with the
circuit of the adminiftratory-prefedlurates of Herrßruck, Reicheneckt En~
gelthal, and Hohenßein, which were firfl: delineated for the ufe of the
magiftrates, but v/ere for a long time kept private. On the fecond is an infcription
importing that they were executed by Chrißpoher Scheurer. Thefe
charts are alfo to be found in the Delicia Topo-geograpbica Non'bergenfes.
I {hall defcribe
I. The city of Ntirnherg itfelf.
Nürnberg, in Latin Norimberga, is a large and well-built town, but
not populous, fituated in a fpot which is indeed fandy, but well cultivated
and fruitful, and on account of the many pleafure-feats near it, as
alfo the beautiful and large villages round it, extremely pleafant. It
ftands on the Pegnitz, which runs through the middle of the town, and
over it, exclufive of divers wooden bridges, are laid alfo fix others of ftone.
This town is environed with double walls, which are fortified with feveral
fmall and large towers, and thefe again with canon, and a broad and
deep ditch, in circuit about a fhort German mile. The number of its
ftreets amounts to above five hundred, and that of its houfes to 8000,
which latter are alfo. for the moll part large and built of flone ; but yet
the number of its inhabitants is by no means proportionable to the largenefs.
«f

Nürnberg.] GERMANY, 511
of the town. For though in many houfes there refide two or three
families, yet in mon: is but one, and feveral remain quite uninhabited. The
magiftrates and almoft all the inhabitants are Lutherans, but on account
of their having formerly received the Interim, feveral 7?o;;/^;z-catholic cuftoms
are ftill retained in their Divine Service. Exclufive of the two
parilli- church es here of St. SebalJ znd. St. Lauretice, Nürnberg contains aUb
four others, which have their ordinary preachers, together with eleven
churches and chapels, in which fometimes deacons, and fometimes thofe who
are candidates for the priefthood preach. In general there are fix preachers in
this town, thirty-five deacons, and two vicars. The few Cahinifls here,
who have a preacher of their own, perform Divine Service out of the town,
in a houfe feated in a garden and fitted for that purpofe. In the Tetitcnick
houfe, which (liall be mentioned hereafter, the Roman-czthoXic fervice is
tolerated. The town oi Niirnberg is divided into eight parts, or quarters,
improperly fo called, and one hundred and thirty-one captainfliips. Thele
parts are, i. The quarterat the, IFine-tnarket, which is divided into thirteen
captainfliips. In this quarter lies the parifli-church of St. ScbaU, m
which one preacher and eight deacons officiate, and the principal things to
{Qtn in it are the brafs monument of St. Scbald, together with the creation
of the world by the celebrated Albrccht Durer, who was bimfelf a Nürnberger.
The Latin fchool near it is fupplied with eight teachers. The
roof of the Augiiftine church here is ingenioufly contrived. 2. The quarter
at the Milk-market, containing fourteen captainfliips. In this quarter
lies the Imperial fortrefs, being an old-fafhioned citadel ftanding on a
mountain, in which the firfl: counfellor, as Imperial bailiff, always has his
refidence, and is filled the Caflellan. The principal remarkables here are
the Emperor's chapel, with the old tower belonging thereto, as alio the
chapels of St. Waldburg and St. Margaret, together with the obfervatorv,
and the deep well. Not far from the Imperial fortrefs here flood the ofd
citadel of the Burggraves of A7^/72/;£'rg-, which was burnt down in i/t2o,
and in 1427 was difpofed of by the Burggrave and Eledlor Frederick to the
town. At prefent it contains a granary, a pentagonal tower, and a prifon.
The church of St. Mary, which is alfo called the predicant or dominican
church, likewife flands here. In the predicant cloyfler is kept the great library
belonging to the town. In this part alfo flands the chapel of St. Maurice,
3. The quarter at the G//^^;;Z'c/, which confifls of fourteen captainfliips. At
St. Gilei\ church in this quarter, which is built in the modern tafle, and is
thefinefl in the whole town, one preacher and fix deacons adminifler. In
an old cloyfter alfo near it flands a gymnafium, whofe upper clafies are under
the care of a certain number of profeflbrs, and its lower ones under one
redlor and four preceptors. The abbey, which formerly flood near this
church, was once under an Imperial inatricular-evaluation of forty florins,
but by virtue of a fentence of the chamber-court in 1567, is exempted
from

512 GERMANY, [Nürnberg.
from the town Sitie cnere. 4. The quarter at the Salt-market contains in
it twenty-two captain Hi ips. The council-houfe here is one of the moft
magnificent in all Germany, and in its apartments are to be feen feme excellent
paintings. At the church of oiir Lady officiate one preacher and
two deacons. Near the great and rich fpital, in which no lefs than four
hundred people are always maintained, lies the church of the Holy Ghojly
having for its minifiers one preacher and eight deacons, and in this church
are kept the greatefl and principal part of the jewels of the Empire, as for
inflance the crown, the fcepter, the fword and Imperial apple, but thefe
are onlyfl)ovvn to reigning Princes, perfons defcended from ancient noble
houfes, and the emballadors of Emperors, on which occafions the expences
the magiftrates are at amount to above thirty florins. The pretended
relics belonging to it, namely the fpear with which our Saviour's fide was
opened, a thorn of his crown, and a piece of the manger wherein he lay
when an infant, are hung up at a great height in the vault of the church
in a flirine of fjlver gilt. The Latin fchool in the fpital is fupplied with
five teachers. 5. The quarter near the barejooted friars contains in it
twenty-one captainfhips. In this quarter flands the fecond parilh-church
of St. Laure77ce, at which one preacher and eight deacons ofhciate, and
rear it is a Latin fchool under the direöion of eight teachers. In this
quarter alfo flands the church of the barefooted Friars, near which lies a
hofpital for foundlings, together with the church of St. Catherine, near
which formerly flood a nunnery j as alfo that of St. Martha, with a fmall
hofpital ; the church of St. Clare, near which likewife formerly fixiod a
nunnery, and the building, in which the academy of painting, eredled
here in 1662, has its refidence. 6. The quarter at the CoA7/-;;?i:;r^f/ confifls
of feventeen captainfliips, Near the church of St. Sahator formerly
flood a Cartfielite-doyder. The arfenal here is likewife a large, regular,
and well provided building. 7. The quarter near the Cartbujians confifts
of fifteen captainfhips, containing in it the church of Marienzeil, near
which formerly fl:ood a charter-houfe, and the chapel of the twelve apoftles.
8. The quarter near St. Elizabeth alfo confifls of fifteen captainfhips.
At St. yafncs's church in it ofhciate one preacher and three deacons, and
the Latin fchool near it confifls of three teachers. The Teiitonick houfe
here is the refidence of the eommandery oi Nürnberg, and in the church
of St. Elizabeth, in this quarter, the 'Teutonick order celebrate their form
of worlhip, and the deacons of St. yacob alfo have their mafs or hours
of prayer there every day early in the morning.
The patriciate here took its rife in 11 98, the Emperor Henry VI. afTifling
here, at that time at a tournament, at which time he alfo raifed thirtyeight
burghers families to the degree of nobility. In its carefulnefs to maintain
its nobility it has greatly the fuperiority over almofl all other degrees
of nobility in Germany. The noble families belonging to it are thofe oi
3
^ßn2.ing

Nürnberg.] GERM A N T. 513
Pßnzing olHcnfcnfcld, Tiubcr oi Siwmelfdorf, Hohjchuhe'- o'i Afpach, Scheurl
oi Defcrjdorf, Ebner of EJcbcnbacb, Hallcr of Jiallerjlciii, Krefz of Kreßenßeiu,
Lofclhoh. of Colbcrg, Grundherr o'i Akentbann, Gender of Heroldfberg,
Pomer of Muffel, IVaUßromer of Rcichelfdorf, that of Harfdorf, the Weljer
of Neubof ill the Hof\ or Imbof, that of Volkamer, the jFir/rrr of Heimendcrf^
and thofe of Bekaim and Stromer, out of which twenty families, who are
capable of affuming the office of Councellors, thofe or the council are ordinarily
chofen. If one of thefe families (hould become extindt there are
ftill four other noble families here, one of vviiich would ftep into the place
of the extindt line ; namely thole of the Gugel, the Oelbafen of Schollenhach,
the 77'/// and the Pefzler. Over the judicatories and prefefturate offices
here the following families, moreover, prefide, viz. the Pelkr, the Petz'r.\
the DUberren, the Murr, the Fezer, the Welker, and the Schleicber. The
council of Nürnberg conlids of thirty-four noble, and eight handicraft
couniellors. The former are divided into twenty-fix burgomafters, and
eight old Genannte. Thefe twenty-fix burgomafters confifl: of thirteen old
and thirteen voung; ones: and everv four weeks an old and a vouna: one
prefide. The thirteen old burgomallers compofe the (tvtn firft counfellor%
who are ftiled the feptemvirate, and look to the mofi: important and fecret
affairs of the town, and frequently fit alone ; together with the fix next to
them who compofe the councillors of appeal. Of the former the three
firft are fi:iled thefupreme head-people, and are always Imperial councilors.
The firfl: of them is alfo Imperial bailiff, refides at the Imperial fort, and
is fiiled the Caftellan. Out of the thirteen younger burgomafters as
well as out of the older ones, all the offices which hereafter occur, are
filled up. The eight old Genannte, in many of the prefefturates, form the
deputations. Laftly, the eight handicrafts go alio yearly, at certain times,,
to council, and thefe are compofed of the goldfmiths, the brewers, the
tanners, the taylors, the cutlers, the clothiers, the bakers, and the furriers,
who are nominated the leffer council. The great council here, which
mufl confift of two hundred perfons, is compofed of perfons eledfed by the
burghers from the higheft to the loweft. The judicatories in Nürnberg
are the appeal and upper-court, together with that of the town and marriage,
the country, the peafant-court, the under-court, inftituted for the
recovery of fmall debts, the quinquevirate-court for the reparation of
injuries, the foreft-court belonging to the wood of Sebald, the foreftcourt
of Laurence wood, and the wild-honey-court in the latter. The
jurifdiilions here are, i. The bailiff-office. 2. The tax-office. 3. The
adminiflratory -office for the county, as for inllance, the upper-prefedurate
of the adminiftratory-amts fituated therein. 4. The waroffice.
5. The fupreme guardian and ecclefiaftical-office. 6. The building-office.
7, The toll-office. 8. The brewery-office. 9. The office
for the levying of toll upon wine. 10. The pawn-office, or leiiding-houfe.
Vol. V. U u u 1,1. The

514 GERMANY. [Nürnberg.
II. The corn-office. 12. The cenfor-office, eftabliihed for the government
of handicrafrs. 13. The tallow-ottice. 14. The rent-inafter's
oßice. 15. The ilieriff's, or inquifition-office. 16. The office belonging
to the town charity. 17. The country charity office. 18. The Scbald
wood office. 19. The Z,tfz/r£7;tT wood office. 20. The fpital-office, belonging
to ihe order of the tlch Gboft. 21. The cloyfter-officeof St. Clare
and Fulmeuib. 22. The twelve fraternities of Mendel. 23. The twelve
fraternities of Landauer. 24. The fpltal of St. Martha., ereöed for the
reception of pilgrims. 25. The arfenal-office. 26. The cheft-office.
27. The mint-office. 28. The office belonging to the orphan-houfe or
foundling-hofpital. All thefe feveral offices are filled up with deputies
of the council, deliberators, afleflors, adminiftrators, (äc. Some of them,
namely as for inftance, N" 17— 22, and 24— 26, are to be confidered as
adminiriraiory country prefeöurates, they having their jurifdidion there.
Niirnberg has no particular conliftory, but the magiftracy in it exercife all
confiftorial rights in capital matters. The greateft part of the clergy in the
town are referred io the fcholarchate and the ecclefiaftic office, and thofe
who officiate at the fpital to the upper adminiftrator thereof, that is to the
firft councellor at the Imperial fortrefs, for their firft inftance. Moft of
the country curates are referred to the adminlftratory-prefeiturates, and
feventeen of them to the country charity office. The town-court prefides
in matrimonial affairs, and the theological faculty at Altorj confecrates the
new ecclefiaflics. The military * force of this town confifts of feven
companies of foot, each of which in time of peace contains one hundred
men, but in time of war is one hundred and eighty- five ftrong ; of two
companies of cuiraffiers, each confifling of eighty-five men, and two
of invalids, amounting to two hundred and twenty-fix. Out of the
burgherffiip twenty-five fbandards are always kept in arms, each of which
confirts of between three and four hundred men, exclufive of two hundred
gunners, and two companies of the town cavalry.
I fhall not infift here upon the great reputation which divers Nurnbergers
have for a long time part: acquired in the arts of painting and engraving,
but only mention the number of its ingenious artifts and handicrafts people
who execute in ivory, wood, and metal, numberlefs ingenious things at
a very low price, which are exported all over the world. It is true, indeed,
thofe
toys do not bring in fomuch money to the town at prefent as they did
formerly, but this article is even yet confiderable, Niirnberg being one of
the greateft trading towns in Germany. Geography is much indebted to the
celebrated {hop for land-charts eftabliihed here by "^ohn Bapt. Homajin, and
this (hop is alfo a real ornament and a great honour to the town.
The Nürnbergeri'\\t originally defcended from the Norici, who quitting
their own country fettled in the ancient Nordgau, and there founded the
O.'firum Ncricum. Lambertus Schafnaburgenßi furniihes us with the earlieft
account
I

Nürnberg.] GERMANY. 515
account of the town of Nur?! l>erg, that account being written in the year
1072 : Clara ct Celebris -valde his temporihiis (fays he) per Galliam erat
memoria SanBi Sebaldi in Nürnberg. It is probable that the town belonged
neither to the dutchy of Fra?iconia, nor even to that of Swabia, but was
immediately fubjedt to the Emperor ; whence alfo the Emperor Lotharius
was empowered to confer it on Duke Henry the Proud-, who was father to
Duke Henry the Lion, The Emperor C/v/rA'i IV. and /Fc'/.'zr/ promifed to
keep it annexed to the Empire. At the Diet thereof in the college of the
Imperial cities it enjoys the third place and voice on the Sivabian bench,
but on the bench of the Imperial cities in the circle of Franconia the firft.
In the Imperial matricida oi Worms this town is rated to one Roman month
at 14S0 florins, which fum conftitutes about one feventh part of the tax
of the whole circle ot Franconia. But this evaluation being reduced in
1678 Nw-nberg alio was remitted one third of her fliare in it, and her rate
fixed at nine hundred and eighty-fix florins, by which it ftid continues to
pay the above-mentioned proportion. In 1701 it was charged onlv witiv
leven hundred and ninety-fix florins; but in 1720 its evaluation was raifed
to eight hundred and tv.'enty-eight. This new evaluation it paid till the
year 173^,
but from that time has confented only to the feventh part of the
common impolts of the circle. To each chamber-term it contributes eight
hundred and twelve rixdollars.
The traift next adjoining round the town is environed with lines, on
which too the weft are two fconces called the Bern and Stern-
Sconce,
2. Of the territory belonging to the town.
I. The trad: called the Nürnberg dxxcXt., or compafs, is furrounded by
the rivers Sehivarzbach, Pegnitz, and Schwabach, to which the Nuniber^ers
give the title of the border-waters. It comprizes within it two confiderable
Imperial forefts, called the Sebald and Laurence forefts, which
confill: of pines: The former lies between the Schivabach and Pegnitz;
the latter between Pegnitz and Schwarzach. Each of thefe forefts ftands
under an office which is denominated from it, and both of them under the
foreft-office or jurifdiction at Niirnberg,
On the fide of the Sebald foreft is to be remarked,
1. Grundlach, a market-town and citadel, feated on the rivulet oi Griindlach,
and belonging to the noble family of Pßnzing Henjhifeld, which is alfo
pofTeflfed of the neighbouring village of Reuttes.
2. Heroldßerg, a market-town and citadel. The Amnionen were poffefTed
of this town in the time of the Emperor Frederick II. from whom.
U u u 2 it:

5i6
GERMANY. [Nurnberg.
it defccnded to the Counts of Naßiu, and from the latter to the Burggraves
of Nürnberg. The Burggrave Frederick gave it to Duke Suaniihr
of Fonierania, with his daughter Anne, and other places in dowery. In
1391 it was fold to the Gender family, which is ftiU in pofleffion of it.
I'he noble Gt.v^A'r criaiinal jurifdiftion over this town and an adjoining diftridl,
which, exclufive of other places, aifo comprizes in it the foUov^'ing,
is difclaimed on the fide of the Marggrave of Brandenburg.
3. Kalchreui, a parochial-village and citadel, belonging to the Hallers
of Hallerdein.
4. Neuhof, a citadel and village; and Beerbach, a parochial-village, belonging
to the family of IVeljer, which exercifes the criminal jurifdiction
over thele places.
On the fule oi Laurence foreft lie alfo many places belonging to the patricians
of Nurnberg ; together with others, as for inftance, Fifchbach, a
parochial-village and citadel, the fubjeäis of which belong for the moft
part to the family of Harjdorf; Mogeldcrf, alfo a parochial village ; and
THinrcuw, formerly a cloyfler, which is united with the C/ör^w-prefedfurate
of Nurnberg, 6cc.
Of the immunities of the town of Nurnberg in the Hofmark of Fürth
we have treated above, under the principality oi Onolzbach.
Feucht, a market-town, containing a parifh-church, and being the capital
of all the Zicdlers, (a people who have permilTion to breed bees and colledl
honey) as alfo of the Ziedel eftates. Here too the Zeidel-court is held
yearly on the firft of May, at which court the complaints of the pofleflbrs
of the Zeidel eftates are taken into conlideration.
II. The following adminiftratory-prefedliiratcs, which {land
under the rural adminiftratory-prefedlurate of Nur7iberg.
I. Within the lines which furround the neareft tracfl to the town of
Nürnberg is
1. The adminiftratory-prefeflurate of Wohrd, having Its feat in the
market-town of that name, which lies on the river Pegnitz, and conftitutes
a fuburb of Nurnberg. At the parifh-church here officiate one curate and
one deacon Frederick I. eledlior of Brandenburg and Burggrave of Nürnberg
fold
this place to the town of Nurnberg.
2. The adminiftratory-prefedurate of Gostenhof, having its feat in
the great borough of Gojlcnbcf, which is alfo confidered as a fuburb to
Nurnberg.
3. The Weiber hofpital of St. 'John, together with a parifh-church and a
church-yard to it, which contains in it divers very confiderable and remarkable

Nürnberg.] GERMANY. 517
markable monuments. The hofpital here has its own adminiftration-p-mt
which prelides over its own inhabitants and eftates.
On the Pegnitz are ered;ed caferns in which fome foldiers refide, who
have a curate of their ov/n.
II. Without the hnes are
1. The Wtiher hofpitals of St. Leonhard, St. Peter, and St. Jcl^jl, wiiich .
have their parifli-churches. They enjoy likewife their own adniinillrationoffices,
which prefide over their fubjed;s and eftatcs.
2. The adminiftratory-prefedurate of Altorf, in which is
Altorf\ or Altdorf, a fmall town, containing about two hundred and
eight hearths. It confifts principally of one large ftreet, which is called
the Markt, and of feveral little ones, but thefe are rendered difagreeable
by the many dunghills in them. At the parifli-church here a profefibr of
divinity always preaches, and the two deacons belonging to it are likewife
profelTors of divinity. The citadel here is an ancient (tone building, confifting
of twelve large courts, in which the Altorf adminiftrator has his
refidence. In the year 1575 z gyinnqßum was founded here, which, in 1
1^78,
obtained of the Emperor academical immunities, was confecrated in 158a,
and in 1623 raifed to an univerfity. The fine univerfity-ftrudure confift's
of a building three ft:ory high, which is terminated by two v.'ings, and contains
in it the valuable library belonging to the univerfity, an anatomical
theatre, and a chymical laboratory. In the main body of it alfo is an
obfervatory. Without the town lies a large botanical garden, which is
kept in a good condition. Altorf h a place of antiquity, and of it mention
is made in fome records fo early as the year 912. It belonged anciently to
the Counts oi Najfau, from whom it descended to the Burggraves of Nürnberg.
The Burggrave Frederick conferred it in the year 1390 en his daughter
Anne, who was married to Duke Suantibor of Pomerania. That ducal
houfe fold it in 1393 to the Pfalzgrave Ruprecht, who was afterwards
Emperor. It continued with the Pfalzgrave till the year 1504, at which
time the Pfalzgrave Ruprecht was put under the ban ; and among other
Imperial States the execution thereof was alfo confeired on the town of
Nürnberg, which, exclufive of other places, took poflefiion alfo of the town
oi Altorf, which was adjudged by right of conqueft to it, and alfo retained
as property by virtue of the agreement entered into in the year 152 i with
the Pfalzgrave. In 1448 it was flormed by the Marggrave Albrecht, and
one half of it burnt down. In the fixteenth century it was often taken,
and in 1553 for the mofl part reduced to aflies by the Marggrave Albrecht
the younger.
Rajch, a parochial-village, feated on the Schwarzach, and in which the
family of V/eljer are pofTefied of a lliare.
The villages of Rotenbuch and Wei[fenbrim.
3. The adminiflratory-prefedurate of Lauf comprizes in it a part of
the foreft of Sebald and Laurence. In it is Lauf,

^i8 G E R M A N T, [Nürnberg.
Laufy a fmall town, feated on the Prgiiitz, and containing a citadel, with
about two hundred and thirty-feven hearths. At the time this place was
difpofed of in 1307 by Godfrey of Schhiffclberg to the town of Nürnbergs
it was only a vilhije, which the Emperor Charles IV. eredled into a town.
Leimhurg and Ritckcrjdorf, two parochial-villages.
Peringerflorf, a!fo a parochial-village and citadel belonging to the Tücher
of Shnmeljuorj.
JJnterburg, or the Lower-Burg, a citadel, belonging to the heirs of the
Dorrcr, and which was anciently an Imperial foreft and chace citadel, as
fome records executed there by the Emperor Wenz-el prove.
Bnm/i, a fmall village, fituated not far from the Rothenbach, and near
which anciently ftood an Imperial foreft and chace-citadel, which in 1449
V as deftroyed in the war of the Marggrave Albrccht.
4. The adminiftratory-preff(Ilurate of Herrsbkuck, which is reckoned
the largeft, and with refpecfl to its criminal jurifdiction extends over four
admi liftration-offices, which are,
I. The adminiftration-office of ii/(?rr/Jrwf/^ iti'elf, containing in it
Herrßruck, a fmall town, fituated on the Pegfiitz, and containing a citadel,
with about two hundred and twenty-five hearths. Formerly this
place alfo contained a provoftfliip, which the Pfalzgraves of the Rhine difpofed
of in 1529 to the town of Nürnberg.
A.'ten-Sittenbach, a village, containing a filial-church, which is incorporated
into one parirti with Hcrrßruck.
Pommehbrun and Aalfeld-, both parochial-villages.
Kirchen-Sitteiibach, alfo a parochial-village and citadel, which the families
of Volkamer and Pßnzing are poffefled of in traft. To this parilh
belong alfo the filial churches of Upper-Krumbach and Alfaltern.
Vorracb, a parochial-village and citadel, belonging to the family of
ScheurJ^ and lying on the river Pegnitz, appertaining alfo in part to this adminiftration-office,
and partly to the rural adminiftration-office of Felden.
Eßhenbachy a parochial-village and citadel, belonging to the family of
Ebner.
Reichenßhiüajjd-, a parochial-village and citadel, which is the property of
the family of Furtenbach, and lies on the river Peg?iitz.
Henßenfeld, alfo a parochial-village and citadel, beIongii>g to the family
of Pßnzing. The citadel is a Bohe}}iian fief.
2. The adminiftration-otnce oi Reicheneck, containing in it
Reicheneck,
a citadel, feated on a high mountain, and belonging anciently
to a confiderable noble family, which adminiftered the office of cup-bearer
at the court of Bavaria. The Emperor Charles IV. brought this citadel
from the Dukes of Bavaria to the crown of Bohemia, but afterwards ceded
it again to the fons of Lewis by way of mortgage, from whom at length
il came. to. the town of Nürnberg.
Happurg,

Nürnberg.] GERMANY. 51g
filial
Happurg, a citadel and parochial-village, to whofe church is annexed the
church of Kcinfpach.
Forrenbach,
alfo a parochial-village.
Thalheim, a village and citadel, containing an iron-foundery, arid belonging
to the Holzjckuhern of AJpach, or the bare-footed Monks.
3. The adminiflration-office o{ Eugelthal, in which is
Engelthal, formerly a nunnery of y^/(g-?
Letipoltjlein, a nobleman's feat, containing a hamlet, and belonging to the
family
of Eglojßein.
7. The adminiftration-office of HiLPOLTSTEiN, in which is
Hilpoltjlein,

520 GERMANY. [Nürnberg.
Hihpoltßeiti, a citadel and market-town, feated on a mountain. This
place belonged anciently to the Dukes of Bavaria, of whom in all probability
the noble family of Hilpoltßcin held it in fief, and in 1353 was
fold to the crown of Bohemia, but was firft mortgaged to the family of
Seckendorf, afterwards to that of Riefe?iberg, and at lafl, namely in 1503,
to the town of Nürnberg.
Wildenfcls, a decayed citadel, which is alfo a Bohemian fief, and to it belong
certain farms and eftates. The council of Nürnberg purchafed this
citadel in the year 151 1 of the brothers Conrad and Frederick Belecken.
Strollenfels, an old citadel, which the family oi Wildenjlein are poffeffed of
as a palatine fub-valTalage, but is a Bohemian fief.
St. Helena, a parochial-village, belonging to the Tuchers of Simmelfdorf ,
to whom alfo appertain the village o{ Winterßein, in which is a citadel, together
with thofe of Großengfee and Grafenbergerhill.
The parochial-villages of Walkersbrnn, Igenjdorf, and Stcckach.
8. The adminiftration-office of Grafenberg, which is wholly environed
by the foregoing, and comprizes in it only
Grafenberg, a fmall town, in which is a citadel, and about one hundred
and forty hearths. This place belonged to an old family called the Grafen
or Grafenbcrger, one of whom held it in fief of the crown of Bohemia^
though on condition that it fliould be a male and female fief, and fhould
fall to the next relations. Afterwards it became divided into a number of
parts, which were gradually purchafed by the town of Nürnberg.
9. The adminifiration-ofiice of Lichtenau, which is divided from
the foregoing, and lies in the center of the principality of Onolzbach.
In it
is
Lichtenau, a market-town, feated on an ifland in the Retzat, with a
ftrong citadel in it which anciently belonged to the family of Haideck, who
fold it in 1406 with all its appurtenances to the council oi Nürnberg. The
Marggrave Albrecht took this citadel in 1552 and razed it, but the city of
Nnrnberg caufed it to be rebuilt anew.
Immeldorf a parochial-village.
Bcchfen, alfo a parochial-village.
7ke

Rothenburg.] GERMANY.
521
ROTHENBURG
l'he Imperial City of
above the Tauber, with its territory,
I. Of the town itfelf.
"O OTHENBURG above the Tauber is feated on a mountain, and
* *• receives the water for its neceflary ufes out ot the river Tauber, by
means of a machine, by which it is forced up the mountain, and from
thence afcends in a direct hue to what is called the KJingenthur7i, from
which it falls down again, producing three fountains in the town. Rothenburg
is envuoned with ditches and walls, the latter of which are fortified
with towers. The inhabitants here profefs the Lutheran dodrine. In the
town are five churches, but there is ordinarily no preaching but in two of
them, namely, in the parifh-church of St. James, and that near the hofpital.
The gymna/ium here confifts of feven clafles,
In it
and the like number of teachers.
are maintained twelve j^lumni who have a candidate of the holy order
for their infpedor. The feat of the order of St. John is inhabited of an
adminirtrator. The council is divided into the inner and outer, the former
of which are chofen out of the latter. Rothenburg is a very ancient place.
Formerly it boailed fome Counts of that name, one line of whom filled
itfelf from the ancient citadel here, which is now converted into the noble
foundation of Camburg. Thefe Counts are faid to derive thefr original from
an Eajl-Franconian Duke named Gosbert ; but of the more modern genealogy-tables
of their family little account is to be made, efpecially as it is
known that other Franconian Counts befides thefe of different houfes were
formerly ftiled Counts of Rothenburg, and that barely on this account,
namely, becaufe they refided at Rothenburg. But the real family of the
Counts o'( Rothenburg became extincl about the year 1 1 lo in the pcrfon of
Count Henry, who ceded the town of Rothenburg to the Empire. The
Emperors Co7irad IV. and Leivis mortgaged it to the houle of Hohenhhe ;
but the lafl: time of it being mortgaged it redeemed itfelf, and in 13 -55 obtained
from the Emperor Liewis an affurance that it l]:iould not be mortgao-ed
any more, which afiurance alfo the Empeiors Charles \\ . and
JVefizel \\kewife
confirmed. At the Diet of the Empire it polTelfes the eighth place
and voice in the college of Imperial cities on the Swabian bench, and
at the circle of Franconia on the bench of Imperial cities the fecond.
To a Roman month it contributes one hundred and forty-eight florins, and
to each chamber-term one hundred and fixty-two rix-dollars, thirty-two
kruitzers and a
half.
Vol. V. X X X 2. Of

522 GERMANY. [Rothenburg.
2. Of its territory.
The beft view of its territory is to be li;id in Cbapiae-h chart of the
«ounty of Hohenlohe, and in that of , Vetters of the 'principaHty of
Onolzbach. It is furrouiided with a iand-fence, which coniilts of a living
hedore, ditches, high towers, and in fome parts alfo of lakes, mountains,
and wood. In it the following places are principally to be noticed : 'uiz.
1. Gebfattel, a citadel, feated on the 'Tauber, and belonging to the noble
foundation
of C'-^mburg.
2. The p:irochial-villages of Kirnberg, Neufes, Dettwcvigcn, Scbiveinfdorj\
Gottenkojen, Steinsjeld, Ohrenbach, ar,d Scheckenbach.
3. Upper and Lower-Nordcnberg, two fmall hamlets, which preferve the
memory of the ancient Lords of Nordcnberg, who were hereditary purveyors
of the holy Roman Empire, and had a caftle at Upper-Ncrdenberg,
which callle, in the year 140B, was pulled down by order of the Emperor
Ruprecht. In 1407 they difpofed of the caftle of Nordenberg, together
with the furrounding villages belonging thereto, as namely Sch'iceinjdorf,
Harderjhofe/i, Stetrnfeld, and Windelsbach, to the town of Rothenburg.
4. Endjee, Enje, or Enfcnheim, a hamlet, feated on an inland lake, and
formerly containing a citadel, to which belonged a confiderable feigniory, and
whofe ancient poficfiors were knights bannerets. This place has been alienated
partly by the owners themlelves, and partly alter their deceafe came
to the houfe of Hchenlohe, by whom it was fold in 1367 to the town of
Rothenburg. The citadel here the Emperor Ruprecht ordered to be deftroyed
in 1408.
5. Steinach below Endfce, a parochial-village, the parifh-church of which
is filled up by the feveral feniors of the houfe of Cajiell.
6. The parochial-villages of Schmerbach, JVihienthierbach, Spilbcch, Leu-i
zenbron, Leuzendorf, Bettenfeid, Lohr, and Gammesfelden, in the lafl: of
which is a citadel j together with thole of Injingen, Haufen, Breftheiin,
Vnder-O'dhiim., Under-Wernitz, and Wettringen, near the lall of which riles
the Tauber, as alfo that of Raibach.
7. Under-Gaimou, a parochial-village on which the Emperor Charles IV.
in 1373 conferred town-privileges, notwithftanding which it ffill continues
a village. Hard by it lies Upper-Gailnau, formerly a very flrong citadel.
Thefe places were anciently pofTeffed by the Counts of Hohenlohe, but in
1406 Count yohn of Hohenlohe difpofed of them to the town of Rothenburg
for the fum of 9000 florins. In that very year too the citadel was pulled
down by order of the Emperor Ruprecht.
8. Seideneck, a citadel, not far from the Tauber, and which was purchafed
by the town of Rothenburg in the year 1404 of the Burggrave Frederick
of Nürnberg, for the fum of 8000 florins.
9. Reinsburg, a citadel, lying not far from Raibach.
5
"The

Wiadilieim.] GERMANY, 523
WIND
The Imperial
SHE
City of
IM,
JVith its territory.
W
IN
I. Of the town itfelf.
D SHE IM, a town, feated on ih^ r'wev Aifch, is principally
divided into the inner and outer. The prevailing religion here is
the LiUtheran, and in the town is one parifh-church, together with a hofpital-church,
and a good Latin fchooi. The government of the place is
under the diredion of an upper-judge, and twenty-four counfellors, who
divide themfelves into the inner and outer college. In the former fit
thirteen, but in the latter only twelve perfons. The prefident of each
of them is one of the four burgomafters in office, who every quarter
of a year take their turn in the government. That the town is a
very old place appears from hence, namely, that in a record of the Emperor
Z/fitv5 I. of the year 822 it occurs as 2. villa, and in fome ancient
records is even ftiled 'villa regia. Its oldeft privilege known at prefent was
conferred on it by the Emperor Adolphus in the year 1295. In the fourteenth
century it was mortgaged to the Burggraves o^ Numbers;, but redeemed
itfelf, and thereupon, in 1360, obtained of the Emperor CharleslV.
affurances that it fliould never be mortgaged again, but continue always annexed
to theEmpire, which promifethe Emperor Wenzel alfo confirmed. At
the Diet of the Empire it poilefles the twenty-firfl: feat and voice in the college
of Imperiil cities on the Swabiaji bench, and at that of the circle of
Franconia the third on the bench of Imperial cities. To a Roman month
it pays twenty-nine florins, and to each chaniber-term thirty-fix rlxdollarsj
eight kruitzers. In the fixleenth century the greatell part of the circlediets
of Franconia were held here.
2. Of its territory.
To this belong the pariflies of Wihelß:cim and lilcjleim.
X X X 2 -The

-24. GERMANY.
[Schweinturt.
The
Imperial City of
S C H JV E I N F U R %
JVith its territory,
I. Of the town itfelf.
QCUWEINFURT, in ancient records termed Svinford^ and Swift-
'^ flirt, is generally denominated in Latin Suevofurtum, or TrajeBtis Suevorum,
the Swabians once having a paffage here over the Mayn, but
over that river a ftone bridge is now built. The town itfelf is addifted
to the Proteftant religion, and its principal churches are th« pariih-church,
and that near the hofpital. It alio contains a gymnafmm. Of the two
prelate-forms here, one belongs to the cloyfter of Ehemch, and the other
to that of Bildbaufen, both of which appertain to the bilhopric of Wurzburg.
Anciently there was an Imperial land-judicatory at this place, and
the Franconian upper-court was alfo held here. The Imperial fheriff,
whofe office is ftill in being here, is eleded by the council. This council
tonfifts of twenty-four perfons. The town was anciently a villa regia. The
GermaJi Kings and i^öww/z Emperors have honoured it with Marggraves and
Burggraves, who were poffeited of confiderable hereditary eftates in and
about the town, and the lafl: of thefe named Rherhard was billiop oi Eichßett
; but their own eftates were exchanged for the Imperial ones of Greding,
and then annexed to the Empire. The town itlelf was mortgaged
by the Kings and Emperors Albrecht, Henry and Lewis to the Counts of
Heiineberg, and by the laft again one half of it
to the biflicipric of Würzburg,
but it redeemed itfelf, and upon that obtained aflurances in the years 1361,
J362, and 1368, of the Emperor C^^r/(?i IV. and in 1387 of the Emperor
IVenzel, as alio in 14°? of the Emperor Ruprecht, and in 1417 and 1431
of the Emperor Sigifmmid, that it fliould never be mortgaged again. At
the Diet of the Empire it pofleffes the nineteenth place and voice in the
college of Imperial cities on the Swabian bench, and at that of the
circle of iv'^;7

Wciflenburg.] GERMANY.
525
Madenhaufen. The Imperial villages of Gochßjeim and Semifcid, which
belonged to the Imperial vogtey or amtmanihip, have been diipoled of to the
bifliopric of Wurzbnrg.
The Imperial City of
WEISSE NBURG,
JVith its territory,
I. Of the town itfelf.
"VXT EI S S E NBURG en the Nordgau, in ancient records alfo called
' '^
WizeJiburch, lies in the neighbourhood of the fort of Wuhburg belonging
to the Marggrave of Onolzbach, being furrounded by the Onohbach
upper-prefedturate of Gutizenhaufen and the county of Pappenheim. The
prevailing religion here is the Lutheran., and it contains two churches. In
it alfo is a mineral bath. The rife and firft commencement of its Imperial
freedom is not known. In 1262 it was befieged by Duke Lewis of Bavaria,
by whom it was taken and burnt, and laid level with the ground.
In 13 14 it was mortgaged by the Emperor Lewis to the bifhopric oi Eic/jßett,
and in 1325 by the fame to the Burggraves of Nürnberg, but it redeemed
itfelf again, and upon that obtained of the Emperors Charles IV. and lVe?7zel
in the years 1360 and 1387 aflurances that it Ihould never be mortgaged
again, but be kept annexed to the Empire. At the Diet of the Fmpire
it poflefTes the thirtieth place and voice in the college of Imperial cities
on the Swabian bench, and at the circle of Franconia the fifth or lafl on
the bench of the Imperial cities. To a Roman month it contributes
thirty-four florins, and to each chamber-term thirty-three rixdollars, feventyfive
kruitzers.
2. Of its territory.
Of the ancient Imperial adminiflration here over what is filled the
royal villages, which the town of Weiffenbiirg was pofTefTed of as an Imperial
mortgage, mention has been made above under the bifliopric of
Eich/lett. In the fame place it alfo has been fliown that the town retained
only Wengen of thefe royal villages, but ceded the refl by agreement
in 1680 to the bifhopric of Eich/lett. This village of }Vengen is
furrounded by the Onolzbach upper-prefedurate of Siauff'.
THE

[ 5^6 ]
THE
C I R, C L E
O
F
UPPER-SAXONY.
Of the Circle 0/' Upper-Saxony w general.
§. I. ' ^HIS circle, on account of its extent, cannot well be reprefented
I
f on one fingle flieet of the ufual fize of land-charts, fo as to
afford us a diftinft and comprehenfive view of it, for which reafon it is divided
into the fouth and north ;
to each of which a proper Hieet is allotted:
but there is ftill, however, wanting a juft mathematical and hiflorical reprefentation
of the fea-coafts. The charts of the fouth part which were publiflied
by Sanfon have been improved by 'JaiUot and copied by Mortier. Thofe
which de Witt, Vifjcher, Valk and IDankert, as alfo the firft which Homaiin
publiflied, are equally faulty with the foregoing. In the year 1731, Homanns
heirs publidied a better in the largeft fize, which chart was delineated
by Philip Henry and Frederick Zollmann ; and, in 1734, they gave us alfo
another, in the ufual form or fize, with the improvements of Zolhnann and
Zxirner ; which chart, in the Atlas of Germany, confiitutes the forty-fifth.
Of the north part of this circle de Witt, Vijfcher, Valk, Danken and Hoinann
have furnifhed us with feparate charts ; all which require an improvement.
That of Homann^ confiitutes the fixtieth in the Atlas of Gerrnany.
§. 2. This circle terminates on that of Franconia, the Upper-Rhine and
the circle of Lcurr-Saxofiy,
as alfo on the BaJtic-Jea, PruJ/la, Poland, Sile/ia,
Lujatia

Jiri^t/i S/t7/tr^ JC/iM c'ff
tn aj)e^n-e. f>*
s
/•' '

K.t.lf /.,','././ /-'"/// />/7'-

U. Saxony.]
•
GERMANY,
Lufatia and Bohemia. Its extent may be eftimated at 1950 fquare gcvocraphical
miles.
§. 3. Thetwenty-two States whrch compofe this circle, as taken in their
proper order, are the Eledtor of Saxony, the Eledtor of Brandenburg, Saxe-
M'eimar, Saxe-Eifcnach, Saxe-Cokrrg, Saxe-Gotha, Saxe-Altenburg*, Saxi-
^erfurt, the Hither and Farther-Fcinerania, Camin, Anhalt, ^edli?:burgj
Gernrode, Walkenried, Schwarzburg-Sonderjhaujen, Schioarzburg-Rudoldadt,
(to the two laft of which houfes the Eledor of Saxony, by virtue of an
agreement made in the year 1719, has promifed at future Diets of the
Empire to procure two places fuited to their princely dignity) Mansfeld,
Stolberg, Barby, the Counts of Reuben and the Counts of Schcnberg^
§. 4. In this circle the Eledfor of Saxony has always been fo!e fummonino-
Prince and direflor; hut ever lince the eleiftoral-houfe of Saxonv went over
to the i?(?w//Z'-catholic church, it appeared dangerous to the electoral houfe
527
of Brandenburg, that the direSlorium of this circle, which is wholly addiä:ed
to the Proteftant religion, ihould remain on the former footing. What
negotiations were carried on, on this head, in 1718, between both the elcöoral-houfes
and the Eleäor of Brandenburg and Anhalt, appear from Mofer'?,
German State-right, p. 27, p. 267— 277. The Diets of the Empire have
been formerly held, for the moft part at Leipjick, and fometimes alfo at
Frankfort on the Oder, as likewife at Juterbock: but ever fince the year
1683, in which year the lafl: Diet was held, thefe have been difcontinued.
The chancery of the circle is kept at Drefden.
§.5. In the year 1682, the military ftate of the whole Empire being
fettled, at an average, in times of peace at 40,000 men, to the iliare of th«
upper circle of Ä?X5;;>' fell 1322 horfe and 2707 foot j and at the partition
of the 300,000 florins granted to the operation-cheft of the Empire in 1707,
to this circle were allotted 31,271 florins, twenty-eight kruitzers. Thus it
has obtained an equal evaluation with the circles of Burgundy, Swabia,
Weßpbalia and Lower-Saxony, though in fadl it is much larger than either
of them.
§. 6. The colleclive members of this circle, the prefent Eled^or o^ Saxonv
excepted, are addidted to the Proteflant religion. This circle, by virtue of
the peace oi Weßpbalia, has the filling up of eight places in the' chambercourt
: that is to fay, the Eledlor of 6'tfxo;iy two, the Eledor oi Brandenburq^b
alfo two, and the coUeftive States of the circle the remaining four, to which
is to be added one more, which is to be filled alternately by this circle and
* The alteration between the princely houfes of Saxony, from one day to another, was
agreed on, in the year 1 7C4, for the adjufting of the rank and order of the voices at the Diets
of the Empire and Circle. By virtue of this agreement they are firft to begin as above, but on
the fecond day the following order is to take place : vix. Sa-.v-Cohitrg, Saxe-Gntlki, Saxc-
Jltenlwg, Saxi-Wdmar and Snxe-EifenaJ}. tsee John Jacob Mofcrt German State-right, p. 3a,
P- 3^3-
the

:;,8 GERMANY.
fSaxonv.
the circle of the Loiver-Saxony. On account of the nomination to the five
latter places, the higher States of the circle, notwithftanding the oppolition
formed by the Counts and Lords in the recefs of the circle of the year
1654, came to a refolution that it (liould happen in fuch manner alternately
by the colledive States of the circle, agreeably to the number and order of
their voices, and that the eledoral and princely houfes, quite down to Anhalt,
fliould, according to the order and number of their voices, each name
one aflefibr of the chamber-court, the three foundations one, and the Counts
and Lords alfo one : but the alternate nomination of an alTeffor between
this and the circle of Lower- Saxojiy, is not at prefent kept up, the whole
circle now adually nominating only two afleflbrs of the chamber-court,
agreeably
the
circle.
to the regulation concluded upon in the aforementioned recefs of
§.7. In the year 1571, the towns of Lf?/'2;/^, Berlin^ StettmiSinASaalJeld
were appointed mint-towns to Upper-Saxony. The laft mint-proof of this
circle was held, in 1680, at Francfort on the Oder ; fince which time they
have been difcontinued.
"The
Electorate of
S A X o N r.
§. I. A BAM FREDERICK ZURNER, who was firft curate at
-^^ Ska/fa, and afterwards geographer and land and limit-commiflary
to the King of Poland, Eledtor of Saxony, has, at the command ofyfwffiillus
U. rnea(ured and delineated, with uncommon fkill and application,
the eledoral Saxon territories. From thefe his labours and drawings fprung
up the very mao-nificent Atlas Augu/icui, which is kept at Drefden, andconfifts
of a weneral and fpecial part, each of which contains forty charts in the
ufual large fize. A more accurate defcription of it is to be found in Dr.
Eberh. Dav. Haubers additions and improvements to his Sketch of a circumftantial
hiftory of land-charts, p.
1 1 .
feq. Were thefe charts but rendered
ftill more perfeft by fome new refearches and labours, and permitted to be
en^^raved and publiflied, they would form an excellent Atlas: but thofe
only of the fuperintendencies of Großn-Hayn and Drefden have been made
public ; though there are many drawings of Zumer's, which falling into
Peter Schenk's hands furniHied him with an opportunity of collefting a Saxon
Atlas, to which, in the year 1751, was added what is called a Complete Geographical
Defcription ; but this laft is very defedive and erroneous. Schreiber
alfo, together with Seutter dinA Ho)nami% heirs, have publiflied a great number

Saxony.] GERMANY. 529
ber of particular charts of the eledorate of Saxony,
whicli fhall be hereafter
mentioned under each circle and prefecturate : but all thefe fpecial charts of
the Saxom hitherto publiihed ftand more or lefs in need of improvement.
There are likewife extant poft-charts of this eledorate. The firft of thefe
was drawn by the upper poft-mafter "Job. Ja. Kafcn, and engraved on
copper by Peter Schenk : the fecond, and by much the beil of them, was
delineated by Zwnerzt the command and expence of the Sovereign, under
the tide of a new eledoral Saxon poft-chart, on two very large liieets, and
publiihed by Peter Schenk in the ufual fize :
but thefe charts being delineated
at a time when Ziirner had fcarce meafured one tenth part of the elcvfloral
Saxon territories, they are ftill full of faults ; for which reafon a new edition
of them, with improvements, on two large Iheets was ordered to be publiihed
by command of the Sovereign. Homann's, heirs aho, in the year
1752, publiflied a chart of the high-ways throughout the cleclornte of
Saxony, which was delineated, in 1728, by y. C. K. and this chart, in the
Atlas oi Germany, conftitutes the fo'"y-ninth. Laftly, it is moreover tc be
obferved, that this eledorate is the only country in all Germany whofe hi:^hways
are accurately meafured, and the diftances marked upon large and
fmall ftone-pillars, or miliaries; which excellent inftitution,
fo worthy of imitation,
was enaded by royal command in the year 1722. An eledoral
Saxon policy-mile contains 16,000 Drefden * ells, or 293332. Rhineland -yfeet.
§.2. The eledorate con fifts of the dutchy of Saxony, the greateft part
of the marggravate of Meijfen, a part of the Vogtla?id and the northern
half of the landgravate of Thuringia. The Liijntias and the eledoral Saxo?i
fhare in the princely county o{ Henneberg, appertain not to the circle of Upper-
Saxony ; for which reafon they have been already defcribed above. All the
countries which at prefent belong to the eledoral-houfe of Saxo?iy, taken
together, amount to about feven hundred and twenty-nine fquare o-eooraphical
miles, being of equal bignefs with the whole circle of Sicabia, the
eledoral Bavarian countries and the Kingdom oiPriißia put together. But
if the extent of the eledorate only be fought after fo far as it belonas to the
circle ci Upper-Saxony, we are to dedud from the above eltimate the county
of Lujatia, which makes about one hundred and eighty fquare miles,
as alfo the lliare in Henneberg, which amounts only to a few miles, and then
there remain to the eledorate about five hundred and forty-fix geoo-raphical
fquare miles.
§.3. Saxony, taken in general, is one of the befl: countries in all Germany.
It yields, in many trads, a rich increafe of all kinds of "rain
• The Le'tp%ig ell is two feet and V^%°. Whether that of Drefckn be precifely the fame we
are not able to determine.
t The Rhineland foot is a little more than twelve inches of our Englifi meafure,
VoL.V. Y y y fuch

530 GERMANY. [Saxony,
fach as, pulfe, garden-fluffs and fruit. They likewife cultivate hops, flax,
hemp, tobacco, aniic and wild-laffron there, as aUb woad near Langenfatza
in Thuringia, and wine, though chiefly in Meijfen. There are hkcwife
confidcrable and profitable foreffs here, as alfo pitch and coals j the latter
of which are burnt or charred in great quantities.
The minerals in Mäßen
are of great importance, and the learching after, wadiing, working and exportation
of them conftitute the principal means of fubfiftance of the country.
The porcelain-earth near Aue is excellent. The terra figillata and fullersearth,
likewife, which are found up and down in it, are extremely good.
There is alfo a variety of fine coloured earth here ; befides which, Saxony
yields fine fliiver, together with various forts of beautiful marble, of which
Mr. Schulze has given us a catalogue in the Hamburg Magazine, T. xix.
p. 298, fcq. ferpentine-ftone, and almofl all the different fpecies of precious
flones, as, namely, diamonds, topazes, hyacinths, rubies, granates, ame~
thyfts, faphires and opals ; different fpecies of agates, as chalcedonies and
cornelian ;
jafper and very good land and free-flone. Vitriol and alum are
likewife prepared here, and Saxony yields alfo an earth very ferviceable in
the preparation of borax ; and out of it that ingredient is made at Drefden^
where a fingle pound of it is fold for two rixdollars, fixtcen ggr. This
borax too yields in no refpedl to the Venetian, excepting that it does not
come up to it in its medicinal qualities. Salt-fprings and falt-works are
likewife to be found in fome parts here, but thofe in no great number.
Near Grofzivich, in the prefedurate oi Pretjch, has been dug a tranfparent
and opake amber of different colours; and in fome other parts alfo amber is
(lill found.
Stone-coal and turf are likewife dug here, and Saxony prepares
a very beautiful fulphur. In it too cinnabar and quickfilver are to be had.
The femi-metals, luch as antimony, bifmuth and arfenic, are likewife to
be met with here. To the lafk of thefe belongs the Cobalt, or Kobald, out
of which fmalt, or blue colour, is made in vail quantities, which is extraordinary
good and in very great repute, being exported far and near, and
bringing in almofl: as much gain to this country as its mines of filver,
though the latter are alfo very important and yield filver annually to the
amount of four tons of gold. Their mines of copper, tin, lead and iron,
are alfo confidcrable. The tin here, in particular, is of a very peculiar
goodnefs. In many parts alfo Saxony has a good breed of horned cattle,
horfes and iTieep. Venifon is plentiful here j but its wholefome cold-baths
medicinal-fprings of note.
are more numerous than its
The Elbe is the principal river in this country and greatly promotes its
trade. That river comes out of Boheinia, and having traverled the whole
circle of Meijfen and a part alfo of the eledoral circle, enters next into the
principality of Anhalt, out of which it goes into the eledloral Saxon county
of Bar by and the prcfedlu rates ot Elbenau and Gommern. running at lafl
into the dutchy of Magdeburg. The Schwarze Elfter, which comes o,.it of
hujatia

Saxony.] GERMANY. 531
Lujatia and runs alfo through the Mlfnian and eletftoral circle", pours itfclf
into the TLlbe above El/ler below GorfJorf. The Mulde divides itfclf into
two branches, one of which is called the F7'eyberg-MulJt', and rifes in the
circle of the Erzgcbirg on the borders of Bobemia ; the other is named the
Zivickau- Mulde, but at its rife in the Vogtland circle is termed the Wkitc-
Mulde. Both thefe Muldes unite in the circle of Leipzig, and this united
ftream fails into the Elbe in the principality ot Anhalt. The fecond river
in this country is the Saale, which rifing in the principality o1 Culmhach at the
Fichtelbcrg in the Zellerwalde (fee p. 416.) palles through the Vogtland towards
Thtiringia ; and having traverfed a part of the dutchy of Magdeburg
and the principality of Anhalt^ runs into the Elbe. Below Naumburg the
Saale receives into it the Unßrut, which rifes in the Eichsfelde, and between
Merjcburg and Halle the Weiß} Eljler, which has its fource in the circle of
the Plcilfe.
Vogtland^ and among other rivulets receives into it
Thefe rivers, as well as the rivu]ets and lakes here, yic^ld all forts of filh;
and in the fVhtte-Elßer are found pearl-mufcles, the beautiful pearls,
which are fome of them of the fize of a cherry-ftone.
§. 4. This electorate is well cultivated and inh;ibi:ed. Dr. Hernpel, m
his geographical tables of the whole of the eledoral Saxon countries, alTerts,
that in this eledorate there are two hundred and ten towns, fixty-one
market-towns, 3 157 villages, 1591 gentlemens eflates, with villages annexed
to them ; and thus in the whole 474S villages, about one hundred and fiftyfix
royal citadels, and one hundred and ninety-fix royal manors. The privvconv\{

532
GER MA N r. [Saxony.
does not atftually occupy it himfelf, the Amtman has no jurlfdidlion over
him, excenting in real adlions, A Land-ftate is one who, either with refpcdt
to his fortune, or on account of a certain privilege, or ehe on account
of defcent, enjoys both feat and voice at provincial and feledl Diets. The
provincial Diets confift of three clafles. To the firft belong the prelates,
which are the foundations of Meiffen, Merfeburg and Naumburg. 2. The
Counts and Lords : namely, formerly the Counts, but at prefent the
Princes, of Schwarzbiirg, together with the Counts of Mansfeld, Solms^
Stolberg, Barby and Schonburg ; and, laftly, the two univerfities of Leipzig
and Wittenberg. The Prelates, Counts and Lords form together a peculiar
college; and the univerfides alfo, ever fince the year 1666, another; but
their deputies have their places among the prelates. To the fecond
clafs belongs the nobility in general. Each nobleman who, by virtue of the
eledoral ordinance of the year 1530, can produce eight degrees of defcent
both by the father's and mother's fide, and is polTeffed of an ancient immediate
nobleman's eftate, enjoys both feat and voice at the provincial Diets,
and is alfo fummoned by a private or fealed order ; but he has only one
voice though poffefled of two, three or mora immediate eftates. Any
ancient nobleman, however, having a new immediate elfate, may indeed
appear, but has not his expence defrayed unlefs he be exprefly mentioned
in the Sovereign's ordinance iffued for that purpofe. Compofed of this
nobility each of the feven circles of the eleftorate takes its
feat at aflemblies
at a table to itfelf, according to its refpedive rank, though each member
indeed feats himfelf, without diftindion, juft as occafion or fancy lead
him. Every circle has its diredor and co-diredor, who fit always in the
middle at the table. The mediate nobility are fummoned together, at the
command of the regency, by the Amtmen ; but appear only by deputies,
of whom two at mofl: are fent out of each prefedurate. The third provincial
clafs is formed of the towns in general, of which there are feventeen
in the eledoral circle, feven in that of Tburingia^ twenty-three in that of
MeiJJen, fifteen in that of Leipzig, thirty-two in the circle of the Erzgebirge
five in that of the Vogtland, and three in the circle of Neufladt, amounting
in all to one hundred and two.
The general provincial Diets here are ordinarily held every fix years, the
provincial grants ufually extending to that time, or whenever a new regency
commences. The regency difpatches for that purpofe printed fummons
to each immediate vailal of Prelates, Counts and Lords, nobility, towns
and univerfities, fummoning them to appear in perfon ; but the mediate
vaflalsare convoked by the Amtmen of the refpedive prefedurates to which
they belong. The immediate vafials appear in perfon at the provincial
Diets ; the Prelates, Counts, Lords and towns by their deputies : the laft
of whom, according to their bignefs, fend two, three or more reprefentatives
J
and the mediate vafials, out of each prefedurate, two or three nobles
r
invefled

Saxony.] GERMANY. y^.
inverted with full power. The opening of the Sovereign's propofition
happens ordinarily in the Sovereign's prefence, in a hall in the eleöoral
palace. If during the provincial grant any v/eighty matters occur which
admit of no delay, or even other matters, have continued undifcuffed at
provincial Diets J
Diets of fcledion, deputations and conventions are held,
which are ordinarily appointed every two years. Seledions are made out
of the three provincial claßes, and are termed the lefler or greater. The
lelTer feleftion of the nobility confifts of forty-two perfons, who prefide ar
two boards, at which the Stadtholder of the bailiwick of T^fo/r/w^/Vz and the
commandatory of Grifliadt have both feat and voice. The other forty perfons
are, live out of the eleftoral circle, including the hereditary-marflial ;
eleven out of the circle of Thuringia ; fix out of that of Meifen ; feven out
oixh'iXo'i Leipzig ; one out of the foundation o^ JFurzen ; four out of the
Erzgebirg; four out of the circle of the Vogtland, and two out of that of A'iv^ßadt.
By thislelTer feledtion others are chofen out of the greater one of the
nobility, according to the above-mentioned circles, in order to fill up the
place of the deputed ; and after the nomination made by the Sovereign, are
confirmed as fuch by his privy-council. The greater felecftion comprehends
in it fixty perfons, at which at the fame time appear the deputies of the
Counts and Lords of Schonhurg. The deputed perfons are nominated out
of the nobility in general and the circles by the lefler feledlion, each circle
having therein the following : inz. the elefloral circle fix j that of T^bwingia
fifteen ; that of MeiJJcn nine ; that of Leipzig ten ; the foundation of
IVurzen two ; the circle of the Erzgebirg fix ; that of the Fogf/and eighty
and that of Neujhdt four. The dignity of hereditary-marflial is hereditary
in the noble houfe of Lojcr of the houfe of Salis, and muft properly be referred
to the eledloral circle, that circle being the prefiding one. If at any
time the hcreditary-marflial happen to be a minor, the oldefi: of the family
bears the dircclorimn in his flead. The archives of the province are alio
committed to the carcof the hereditary-marflial, and in thefe are kept the
original records. In the three archives of the circles of Thuringia, Meiffen,
the Erzgebirg and the Vogtland are kept only the \:id!?mis copies of the
original records which are to be found in the principal archives. Laflly,
with refpect to the feleöion of the towns, to the lefier feic(ftion appertains
Leipzig, which bears the direBoriitm as well here as throughout the whole
of the towns, Wittenberg, Drejden and Zicickau, \^hich four are the prefiding
towns, Freyberg, Chenmilz, Langenfalze and Torgau : To the greater
feleöion, Annaberg, which alfo bears the dire^oriiim, Weiffenfch^ Mcijjen,
Eidenbu7g, Hayn, IVciJJcnJce, Herzberg, Schniedeberg, Scbneeberg, Liebeniverde,
which at the towns is poffelTcd of the right of convocation, Marienherg.
Flauen, Neulladt on the Orla, JVcyde, Dolitjcb, Fy'urzen und-Teniijladt.
All this is more fully defcribed in The complete account cf the pro'cujcial and
fekSiion Diets of the eleSlorate r/ Saxony, ^roni the sear 1 1S5, to Q-J^^, pub^
liflied

534 GERMANY. [Saxony,
lifhed by Dr. Dan. Godfrey Schreber from a manufcript which came to his
hands. See p. 9— 38.
§. 5. This eledorate has had the happinefs and honour of giving rift
to the Reformation in the fixteenth century, and the Proteftant Lutheran
church is the prevailing fedl here. The Kin'5 and Eleftor Frederick Auguftin
going over, in 1697, to the i?wW7?-cathohc religion, he gave that fame
year the moft gracious afTurances that he would moft powerfully maintain
the Land-ftates and the whole of the fubjeds, in the enjoyment of the
Augjburg confeffion and the liberty oi confcience which had been happily
handed down to them, as alfo in their churches, worfliip, ceremonies,
univerfilies, fchools and all other prerogatives which they were pofTelTed of
at that time; that he would neither undertake nor fufF.r any alteration to
be made on that account, nor force any body to embrace the religion which
he himfelf had adopted. By virtue of the peace of A'tranßadt, concluded
between this King and Charles XII. of Siveden, in the year 1706, it was
agreed, that in this eledorate and in Liijatia no alteration (hould at
any time be permitted, introduced or granted, either in or to the Proteftant
religion ; and that no churches, fchools, academies, colleges, cloyflers, or
any other places, where fuch foundations might happen to be ereded,
fliould ever be ceded to thofe of the church oi' Rome. The like aflurances
were made alfo on the part of the eledoral Prince, afterwards the reigning
King, Frederick Augußus, on his embracing the Roman-ciiihoWc religion :
and on his Majefty's entering on the government of his countries, he gave
likewife, in 1734, an ajTurance fubfcribed by bis own hand, in which he
promifed and declared, for himfelf and fucceflbrs in the eledorate, on the
word, troth and faith of a King, Eledor and Sovereign, that he would leave
undiflurbed in its whole extent the ftate of the Augsburg confeffion, with
all churches, worfliip, ceremonies, ufages, univerfities, country and other
fchco's, benefices, incomes and profits, pice catiße, jurifdidions and immunities
belonging thereto, in fuch manner as they had been happily handed
down, occupied and enjoyed ever fince. and were alfo at that very time pofieffed
and ufed: likewife that he would himfelf neither pretend nor fuffer others
to break in upon them ; and that all that had been regulated and concluded
upon for the benefit of the Proteftant leligion and the Augsburg confeftion
in thife couniries by the peace of Wefipkaiia, and particularly by its fifth,
article, refpeding the ftate of religion, was to remain in full force and
effed, and to be maintained firm and inviolable by his Majefty and his fucceftbrs
in the eledorate. The above aflurances, however, were not to
prejudice the exercife of his Majefty's religion, in proportion, manner and
wife, as it is grounded in the above-mentioned peace of Weßphalia, and
the judicial Ciiftoms of the Roman Empire.
In Hempc/'s tables, which have been mentioned above (§. 4.) the number
of parilh-churches in the villages of this eledorate is computed at 1517,
and

Saxony.] GERMANY.
535
and the filial churches belonging thereto at feven hundred and one ; confequently
of both here are 2218; and the number of the preachers in the
feveral fuperintendencies and infpedions amounts to 2135. In the towns
are about two hundred and forty parifli-churches, exclufive of thofe
of the citadel, hofpital, and burial-places. The pariHies here are divided
into fpiritual infpeftions, and thefe h& again into the following confiftories,
viz. under the upper conliftory at Drcfden, which is here conlidered only
as an under confiflory, ftand thirteen infpedtions, which have their feats
at Drcjden, Freyberg, Leijznig, Bifchofswerda, Pima., Ofchatz, Meißn, Annaberg,
Hayn, JValdhtir/i, Chemnitz., Cclditz and Dobrilugk. Under the
confiftory at Leipzig fland twenty-two infpections, namely thofe at Leipzig,
Eulenburg, Grimma, Borna, Roelolitz, Penig, Zwickau, Plauen, Oelfnitz,
JVeyda, Neußadt on the Orla, Frauenpreijnitz, Pegau, Delitzfch, TVeiflenfeh,
Freyburg, Eckartsberga, Langenjalza, Weiffcnfee, Sangerhaufen, ^erfurt
Heldrungen. Under the confilfory at Wittenberg fland eighteen infpeöions,
namely thofe at Wittenberg, Grajenhaynichen, Jeßen, Herzberg, Baruth,
Seyda, SchUeben, Kemberg, Torgau, Gonimern, Belzig, Licbenivcrda, Clcden,
Bitterfeld, Zahna, Dahme, 'Jüterbog and Barby. To the foundation
confiftory at Würzen, belongs the infpedion oi Würzen ;
to the confiflory of
the foundation ol Naumburg at Zeitz the infpedtion oi Zeitz-, to the confiftory
of the foundation at Merjehurg, the churches in the prefedurates of
Merfeburg, Lutzen, Schkeuditz and Lauchßad ; to the confiftory of the
county of Schonburg the infpeöions at Glauchau, Hartenßein, Lichten/lein,
Lofztsltz and Waldenhurg. Under the confiftory at Eijleben ftand all the
churches in the county of Mansfcld, which are divided into eight decanates,
exclufive of the prefeöurate of Amftein. At Ebelebcn is an infpection-oliice
of the Prince of Schwarzburg's, at Rofzla a confiftory of the
Count of Stoibers;, and at Sojvicwalde a confiftory of the Count of Solms.
Over all thefe confiftories is placed the ecclefiaftical council and the upper
confiftory at Drejden. Both thefe are connefted together ; and the latter,
which has been confidered above barely as an under confiftory over a number
of infpedions, occurs to us again in this place in as much as in conjundion
with the ecclefiaftical council, it difpatches orders to all underconfiftories.
But the ecclefiaftical council here, as well as the upper-confiftory,
have each their own peculiar departments ; and in weighty cafes
both apply to the privy-council.
The Calvini/ls as well as the 7?öw^zH-catholics
have at Drefden and Leipzig
the free exercife of their religion.
§. 6. The fciences flourifti in this electorate ; book-printing being at no
place more common, and book-felling no where more confiderable than at
Leipzig. The univerfities of Leipzig and Wittenberg have retained and
even increafed their ancient reputation. At Leipzig are focieties for the liberal
arts and the German language. At Meiffen, Pjorte and Grimtna are
princely

536 G E R M A Pf r, [Saxony.
princely or country-fchools, which were founded by the Eleflor Mnurice,
and there are likewife gymnafm and good fchools at JVciffenfeh, Mcrfebwg^
Zeitz, Naimburg, Freyberg, Leipzig, Drcjdcn, Chemnitz, and other
towns. Thefe numerous and well regulated inflitutions facilitate education
and promote the reception ot the Iciences in an uncommon manner,
producing: many able, learned, and celebrated men.
§. 7. The ufeful and fine manufacftures and fabricks are likewife very numerous
in this elediorate. Great quantities of yarn too are fpun here, thread
bleached, coarfe and fine linen wove, and tick made, together with cerecloth,
fine lace, ribbon, edging and paper. The porcelain which is manufadured at
Meißen is famous throughout all Ewope, and known alfo in the other principal
parts of the world. Fine glades and mirrors are made here, and out of the
ferpent-ftone all manner of things. Of the tbundaries in which the coloured
earths, and falts, and fixed fcmimetals are purified, and prepared for
all manner ofufes mention has been made above (§. 3.) Iron is wrought
here into black and white plates in the greateft quantity, as alfo in other
fliapes. Steel, brafs, and Ipineback are made and worked here. Saxo?7y
has alfo its manufadures of gold and filver. Cotton, wool, and filk are
made up here in hankerchiefs, neck-cloths, canvas, nettle-cloth, fuftians,
cloths, freezes, flannels, mock-velvet and many other ftufi^s, velvet, pluih,
and flockings. It makes alfo gloves, caps and hats. The dye-houfes are
likewife excellent, and fine tapeftries are alfo made here. In thefe manufadured
wares, as well as in the natural produdions of the country, namely
in corn, flax, anife, fennel, woad, faflor, or wild-faffron, and gardenfruits,
wood, blue, or ftarch, arlenic, &c. as alio in cattle, wool, and
many other articles an important foreign commerce is carried on. Leipzig
is not only the greateft trading town in this eledorate, but alfo one of
the greateft in all Germajty.
§. 8. The prefent Eledors and Dukes oi SaxcJiy are defcended from the
Mar2;graves of Meifferi, who acquired firft the landgravate of Tburingia,
and afterwards the eledorate of Saxony, and other countries and places, as
will appear below from their particular hiftory. The firft Marggrave of
Meijjen, who in 1 42 2 was Eledor of Scixony, was named Frederick the
Warlike. To his Ion the Eledor Frederick li. or the Mild, fucceeded in
the government his fons the Eledor Eriir/i and Albrecht, who for twenty
years governed in common, but in 1485 divided the countries among them,
founding two principal lines, which were named after them. The eledoral
dignity was at firlt vefted in the Erneßine principal line, Frederick the M^ife
and John the Conllant, fons to the above-mentioned Eledor Erneft, enjoying
it fucceflively, and after them John Frederick, fon to the latter : But
this lafl: was put under the ban by the Emperor Charles V. in the year 1547,
and together with the eledoral dignity, ftript of all his countries and fubjeds,
which were made a donation of to Duke Maurice of the Albertine
line.

Saxony.] GERMANY. ^'i^-^
line. Duke McMr'ice, however, was obliged to allow the children of yohn
Frederick a yearly income of 50,000 guldens, and for the imburrement
thereof to grant certain prefefturates, places and cftates ; out of which, and
the countries afterwards added thereto, arofe the prefent poffelTions of the
Dukes of Saxony of the Erncßine line, whofe further hiftory will occur below.
George^ Ion to the above-mentioned Duke Albrccht, founder of the
Albertine principal line, obtained by virtue of his father's teftament, the
paternal hereditary countries ; but his brother Henry only a fmall freebench
in Meijfen. After the death, however, of the former the latter arrived
to the regency, in which he was fucceeded by his fons Maurice and
In 1547 Dukz Maurice obtained of the Emperor Charles V. the
Augulhis.
Saxon eledloral dignity, which was taken from yohn Frederick of the Ermftine
line, together with all his countries and fubjefts ; and from this time
forvvards the eledoral dignity has continued in the Albertine line. His brothf;r
Augußus, who fucceeded him in tiie regency and eledloral dignity,
propagated the eledloral Albertine branch. This Prince entered into a ftipulation
in 1554 with his coufin, the dcpofed Eleftor Jobu 'Frederick^ or»
account of the fucceffion and eledforal dignity, and gave him aifo fome
paying him moreover an old debt of 100,000 guldens,
towns in Thtiringia,
and likewife forming between both their families an hereditary union.
increafed his country with fome confiderable territories, and alio within it
put matters on a very regular footing. His fon and fuccelfor the Elcdor
Chrißian I. who entered on the regency in i^^d, had firft his eldefl; fon
Chriflian II. and afterwards the fecond ion John George I. for his fucceffbrs.
The latter acquired to his houfe the marggravates of Upper and Loiver Lufatia,
with other countries; but by his will in 1652 divided the eledloral
lands among his four fons, the eldeft of whom, namely, Duke John
George II. fucceeded to the eledtorate > Duke Augußus founding the collateral
line oi Weijfenfeh or S>uerfurt ; Duke Chrißian, i\\z\. oi Me?-fcburg, and
Duke Maurice, that of Zeitz. "John George II, was fucceeded in the
eledloral dignity by his fon John George III. and to this laft fucceeded his
eldeft fon John George IV, and after his death the fecond fon Frederick Auguflus\.
or Augußus \\. who in 1697 embraced the /?5//7^7/7-cathoIic religion,
and was foon after eledled King of Poland. In 171 8 he took pof-
(eflion of the hereditary lands of the line of Zeitz. After his c'eath, which
happened in 1733, his Roman-csxhoWc fon alfo named Frederick Auguftus
II. or Augußus III. entered upon the eledoral regency, being likewise
in the fame year elected King oi Poland, and has lived to fee the extindion
of the Mfr/^'^Z:(r^ collateral line, which happened in 1738, as alfo that of
the collateral line oi JVcife-nfels in 1746: So that in him the eledoral
(Söx-o?; countries, which had been divided, were again united. In 1 750
the whole electorate was reduced to the fubjedtion of the King of PruJJia,
in whofe hands it continued till 17
Vol. V, Z z z §. 9. An
He

;
538 GERMANY. [Saxony.
§. 9. An Eleftor of Saxony ftiles himfelf : Duke of Saxony, Juliers,
Cleve and the Berg, ai aljo of Engern aiui Weftphalia, Arch-Marjhal and
Elector oj the hok Roman Empire, Landgrave in Thuringia, Marggrave of
Meißen, and iike-ccife &/" Upper ^W Lower Lufatia, Burggrave oJ Ma^dcburg,
PriKcely Count of Henneberg, Count 0/ the Mark, Ravensberg,
Barbv and Hanau, and Lord of Ravenftein. The arms on account of the
dutchy of Saxony are a garland of rue (or according to Zollman, an ornamental
filatee for the head and hair) placed obliquely from right to left
over eight, or according to others, over ten hüesfa/?k and Or, ranged alternately
above each other ; on account of Thuringia, a lion marked with
four tranfverfe ftrokes argent and gules, drawn alternately, open jaws, an.
exerted tongue guks, and gripes projetfled Or, and on the head a crown of
the fame, in a field azure; on account of Meijfen, a Y\on fable, with an
exerted tongue gules, gripes projefled of the fame, and a double inverted
tail, in a field Or ; on account of fullers, a lion armed fable and argent,
with a tongue exerted gules, in a field Or ; on account of Clcves, in a field
gules^ an efcutcheon argent, in the center of which are eight fcepters conjoined
Or ; on account of the Berg, a lion guks, crowned azure, in a field
argent ; on account of Engern. and Weßphalia, an eagle crowned Or, in a
field azure, with three hornets horns gules, in a fi.eld. argent ; on account
of the Palatinate of Saxony, an eagle difplayed Or, and crowned witli the
ikme, ia a field azure, as alfo an eagle uncrowned Or, in a field fable-,
on account of Loiver Lufatia, an ox gules and courant with a belly argent,
in a field of the fame > on account of Upper Lifatia, part of a wall Or,
trowelled fable, and built battlement fafliion, in a field azure ; on account
of the Mark of Landsberg, \.\\o eredl fefles in a field Or ; on account of
the leigniory of Pleffein, a lion divided Or and argent, in a field azure
for the county of Orlamunde, a Won fable crowned gules, and clothed with
rofe-leaves of the fame, in a field Or ; on account of the burggravate of
Magdeburg, an efcutcheon divided longitudinally downwards, in whole
fore-field gules appears a fe?ni-argent eagle crowned Or, and in the hinder-field
argent, four bars gules ; for the county of Brene, three femicircles
gules, or three hornets horns cantoned argent,, in a field of the
fame 3 on account of the burggraviate of Altenburg, a rofe gules with
feeds Or, and painted "certe, in a field argent; for the county, of Eifen^
berg, three feftes azure in a field argent ; for the county of Ravensberg,
three chevrons gules, placed above each other, and from below to
the top fixed or conjoined in each other, in a field argent ; for the
county of the Mark, a fefle confifting of th-iee cheq^uers ^«/fi and argent,
in a field Or ; on account of the Regalia^ a-n efcutcheon modelled Or ; for
the county of Hanau, three chevrons gules, in a field Or ; for the princely
county oi Henneberg, a hen placed on a mount verte, and in a

Saxony.]
GERMANY.
azure-, on ^ccoMnt oi Munzenberg, a field divided croirwiie, In its upper
part Or and in its \o\vcv argent ; on dicconnloi Lichtenberg, a Y\on fable,
in a field argent; and on account of the orHce of arch-marHial of the holy
Roman Empire, an efcutcheon divided croffvvife, whofe upper part is fable
and its under argent, the two eledoral fwords gulei lying croffwife over
each other.
§. lo. Among the Ele

540 GERMANY, [Saxony.
and comprizes in it the principal expedition, or chancery; the general military
commilTariate, which again divides itfelf into the expedition of the
commiflariate and ammunition-office, and the general military numberotHce,
with the expedition of accounts. The chamber-college provides for
all chamber and ceconomical matters. Under it (lands the chamber apartment
expedition-office, the chace and float-rent expedition, the exchequer
and the treafury. The float-infpedion has the care of the feveral floats in
the eledlorate. The regency is appointed over all feudal, judiciary and
policy matters. The immediate vaflals have at it their firfl:
lie
from the confiftories there,
refort, and appeals
thereto from the upper and aulic judicatories oi Leipzig and Wittenberg^
from the confiftories of the foundations of /^wzeti,
Merjehurg and Zeitz, from the regencies of the Prince of Sckicarzburg
at Sonderß)auj'en and Frcnkenhaujen, from all chanceries of Counts, and
from other inferior judicatories. It is filled with a chancellor, vice-chancellor,
and aulic and jufticiary-counfellors ; and to the aulic and jufliciarychancery
belong feveral expedition-offices. The court of appeals pronounces ia
matters that come from the inferior courts to the regency by the admitted
appeal, receives the complaints againft immediate valfals in the firfl: refort,
and the feudal matters which come to a procefs, being under the diredionof
a prelident, a vice-prefident, counfellors of appeal, and other officers.
The upper tax-college has its diredlor, and both its eledloral and provincial
upper receiver. To this college belongs the upper tax-off.ce, the
principal office of the land and drink-tax, the principal office of the
militia-tax the principal office of the extraordinary tax, the principal expedition
of the ordinary tax, the fecretariate expedition of the extraordinary
tax, the tax-accompt expedition, the perfons appointed for the
examination and calculation of the accompts of the pole and eftate-tax,
the tax-archive, the fiamp-office, and the receipts of the taxes of the circles
which are in number as many as there are circles, and to thefe
alio is added that of the foundation of Würzen. The general excifecollec^e
has its director, general excife-counfellors, chancery, archive, accompt-chancery,
and principal offices. The upper accompt deputation is
fupplied with a diredor, counfellois deputed from the chamber-college, the
re2;ency of the tax and alfo from the excife-college, with fecretaries, examiners
and clerks. Of the ecclefiaftical council and upper confirtorv here
we have treated above (§. 5.) The mine-apartment, which is appointed
over all the mines in this country, has its diredor, mine-counfellors, and
other ofiicers. At Freyherg is the upper mine-office, and the upper tenth
and dividend-off.ce ; and at Altenherg, Annaberg, Berggießubel, GIcißiittey
EhrenfriederßiorJ, Eyhenflock, Freyberg, Geyer^ Johann-Georgenfladt , Mari-^
enberg, Schneeberg, Scheibenberg, JJpper-Witßenthal, Schivdrzenberg, Fcigtfberg,
and likewife in the circle of Neußadt are mine-offices. Under the
mine-chamber fland alfo the upper amt-office, the mint, the draining-huts
of Gruntbtjl, and the double irnalt-work at Oberfchknwja near Schneeberg.
Th&

Saxony.]
GERMANY,
The upper port-office has its feat at Leipzig. To conclude, there are
moreover here the upper aulic-judicatory at Leipzig, the aulic-judicatory at
Wittenberg^ and the upper infpedion-office at Rijzkben.
§. 13. The prelent cuftomary taxes here are partly ordinary and partly
541
extraordinary. The ordinary taxes are thofe which are granted every 'ixx
years by the country. To this head belongs i. The land-tax, which
from each Schock, that is from each fixty gr. of the value of an immoveable
eftate, amounts yearly to fixteen pfennings, which are paid at two
feparate payments. The fum produced is partly received by the Eledior
and partly applied towards the reimburfement and intereft of the tax-debts,
as alfo for the maintenance of the pice caiija. z. The taxes upon liquorr.
which arife from the imports laid upon white and brown beer, that is to
fay for each vefl*el of the former two rixdollars, and for each of the latter
one and a half. They are alio paid partly to the Electors, and partly applied
towards the difcharge of the tax-debts, both in capital and intercrt.
The nobility and pofTefTors of noble eftates, as alfo the ecclefiaftics are for
themfelves and families freed from any imports upon the liquor they confume
at their tables ; and the foundation of Würzen, together with the
mine-towns, as alfo thofe of Wittenberg and Weijjenfec, pay only the half.
3. The flefh-penny, or fleOi-tax here amounts at the flaughter-houfe to
two pence upon each pound of ilerti, and from private flaughter-houfes to one
penny. From this tax the nobility and clergy are exempted, and the
foundation of Würzen pays only one half. This is applied for the defrayment
of the eledoral council-colleges, and the overplus allotted for the
Eleäor's exchequer. The extraordinary taxes are ufually, i. The pennytax,
which rifes and falls in proportion to the damage done by fire and
ftorm ; but each of thefe ordinarily amounts to 13000 florins. 2. The
ember-tax, which alfo rifes and falls, but ufually amounts to 24000 florins.
The ember, or four feafons are fomewhat perfonal, and may be called a
profefTion-tax ; for every individual, whether a fubjedt or not, pays out of
his earnings and occupation a certain fum. Every town and village has
generally a fettled aid or contribution, which murt be delivered by the inhabitants,
according to the aflelTment made by the magiftrate. But fuch
contribution is fometimes raifed higher by the upper tax-college according
to the circumrtances of thofe who are to pay it. Both thefe kinds of extraordinary
taxes are ufually applied, for the mort part, to the defrayment of
the militia, embafTies, chamber-aids, reimburfements of capitals taken up
and their interert, the defrayment of leafes, and other occaiions. 3. The
excife, which is twofold. The land-excife amounts to three pence in the
dollar out of the price of certain goods fold, and is paid into the eledforal
exchequer. The general confumption-excife has been introduced into fuch
towns and villages as handicrafts and tradefmen relide, and into places distant
a quarter of a mile from towns. Befldes this laft, there are more-
3 over.

542 GERMANY. [Saxony.
over here fome other extraordinary and well known impofls, as for inftance
the pole and eftate taxes, the flamp duties levied upon paper,
cards, flioes, &c. On the marriage alfo of a new fovereign, as likewilfe
on other occafions, it is cuftomary to make a donation in money. In
1 660 the country obtained the full direBorium of all the taxes. The electoral
prefedurates and domains, which are ufually farmed out, the mines
and wood-floats bring in annually very confiderable fums of money to the
eledoral cheft. It is aflerted that the eledoral S^xon countries yield aijd
bring in yearly between fix and feven millions of rixddlars. In 1758 it
was ftiptilated that the eled:oral exchequer fhould pay to the military chefl:
of the King of Prußia for the incomes of that year one million of rixdollars,
and the land-ftates of the eledorate for the taxes and other landrevenues,
two millions and feven tons of gold in rixdollars.
§. 14. There are ufually maintained in this county about 20,000 regular
troops, exclufive of a well regulated land-militia.
5j, 1 5. The whole electorate is divided into circles, which according to their
order of rank are, the eledtoral circle, the circle of Tfmringia, that of Meif-
Jcn, that o{ Leipzig with the foundation of Würzen, the circle of the Erzgel>i>'g,
that of the Vogtland, and the circle of Neußadt, exclufive of two
other foundations, namely, thofe of Merjeburg and Naumburg-Zeitz. Next
follows a more accurate defcription of each.
The Electoral Circle,

Saxony.]
GERMANY.
dred and twenty) villages, one hundred and fixty-four noblemens eflates,
one hundred and fifty-lix parifli-churches in the villages, one hundred and
fifty-nine filial churches belonging tothe lame, eleven luperintendencies, three
inlpeftions, one under-confilliory, and elven prefedlurates. Of the towns
feventeen are general, being fuch as belong to the third clafs of the country
of the eledtorate, and three belonging to the town-felecTtion, namely, one
to the leffer, and two to the greater feledlion. The other immediate vaffals
here are feventy-one in number, and the mediate valfals one hundred
andtwo.
§. 5. The prefent dutchy of Saxony is not to be confounded with the
old. The ancient dutchy of Saxony comprized in it three large countries,
namely, Eaßphalia, Engern^, and Weflphalia. In Etißpbalia again were
reckoned the Eaßphali who were fettled in the countries of Brimfu-ick and
Limeburg, the North people in Holßein, and the Eajierlings or Eaß peopleon
the river Saale and Elbe quite to the OU Mark. The Eaßcrlings were
aUb called Nortb-Thuringi, but this name became obliterated by time, and
the country itfelf has fince been called Eafl Saxony. Witiklnii was Dukeof
the Saxons; but it is difputed whether this name, which all apply tohim,
denotes a civil or military dignity ? It is certain, however, that he
was pollefled of confiderable eftates of his own in WeßphaUa. His confort
Gexia was fifter to Siegfrid, King of the Danes. The Emperor Charlemagne
fubdued this country of the Saxons. Ecbert, or Egbert, fecond
grandfon to Witikind by his daughter Hafala, or Gifela, who was married
to Bruno Prince of the Angrll, was, indeed alfo ftiled Duke ; but it cannot
be proved that he belongs to the Saxon Dukes in a political lenfe. His
confort was Saint Ida. From his elder brother Bruno Prince of the y^n

54.4-
G E R M A N r. [Saxony.
daughter to the latter married the fon of Duke Henry the Swartfoy, named
Henry the Magnaniraom (but whom his enemies called Henry the Haughty)
Duke of Bavaria, who obtained of his father-in-law cither in 1126 or
1127 alfo the dutchy of Saxony. But K^mg Conrad III. ftripped him of it,
and conferred it on Adelbert Marggrave of Salzwedel, commonly fWed
Albert the Bear, and fon to the above-mentioned Otto oi Afcania by his
confort Eilika, but he was driven out by the Saxons. Henry the Lion, fon
to Henry the Magnani^mm, arrived again to the poffeffion of all his paternal
countries, and was a very powerful Prince, commanding from the Rhine to
the V/eichfcl, but was by the Emperor Frederick I. in the year 1
179, unjuftly
put under the ban, by which means he loft his countries and eftates in
Italy and Swabia, as alfo the dutchies of Bavaria and Saxony, infomuch
that he onlv retained his hereditary eftates and conquerred countries,
together
with the fiefs which he held not of the Empire but of other Lords,
i\nd even in thefe his enemies afterwards made great encroachments. In
this place we are only to mention fomething of the previous difmembering
of the dutchy of Saxony at that time. The unfortunate Duke Henry the
Lion retained Eaflphafia almoft entirely, and the greateft part of it even
belonged to his hereditary eftates, which the Emperor could not deprive
Ijim of. But Wejlphalia and Engern were divided by the Emperor, and
given one part of them to the archbifhop oi Cologn, the other (which extended
through the trad; of the Lower-Rhine, the biflioprics of Munßer,
Ojnabruck, and Minden, which by tlie Wej'er was feparated from Eaflphalia)
to Bernhard of AJcania, fon to the above-mentioned Albert the Bear, whom
he declared Duke of Saxony. This new Duke, however, obtained no part
of the dutchy of Saxony except the title,
neither did he venture to aflume to
himfelf any degree of power in the (hare of the dutchy of IVeßphalia and
Entern, which had been conferred upon him ; the Marggrave oi Salzwedel
or Brandenburg did not fubmit to him ; the Landgraves of I'huringia no
longer acknowledged his power ; the IVendiJh Lords, over whom Henry
the Lion had exercifed a fevere fubjeftion, raifed up their heads ; the Counts
of Holßein, Ratzeburg, Danneber g, Oldenburg, Schwerin, Hoya, Diepholz,
Luchau, with fome others in Saxony refufed any longer to own the fuperiority
of the new Duke ; the archbilhops of Hamburg, or Bremen, and
Magdeburg, as alfo the \i\^oy^%oi Ojnabruck, Paderborn, Verden, Hildeßoeim,
Munjkr, Halberßadt, Minden, &c. together with the town of Lübeck, fet
themfelves likewife at liberty. For which reafon Count Henry of Afca^na,
fiift-born fon to Duke Bernhard, preferred the county of Anhalt to the
dutchy of iSöÄ-öW, ceding the latter to his younger brother Duke Albert.
This Duke Albert, however, re-annexed feveral parts of the old dutchy
by his bravery and condu6t, fubjedting to his dominion Count Henry of
Scb-iioerin,
and reducing alfo Ratzeburg and Lauenburg, and even laying the
foundation of a new principality in Lower-Saxony. This ihort hiftory carried

Saxony.]
GERMANY,
ried thus far of the dutchy of Saxony is collected out of the third and fourth
volumes of the Origi?ies Guclficce, in which are to be found its proofs. In
the family of Afcania remained vefted till the fifteenth century the dutchy
of Saxony., and the eleftoral dignity founded thereon, but after the death of
Duke Albert III. the Marggrave Frederick of MetJJen, who was alfo Land-.'
grave oi Thuringia, was, in 1422, by virtue of the expedancy obtained ia
1420, inverted with the dutchy of Saxony, or the Saxon electoral dignity,
by the Emperor Sigifmund.
The prefent electoral circle belonged not to the old dutchy of Saxony^
but the Marggrave Albert the Bear took this country from the Wcnds^ and
it became his fon Bernhard's property in the inheritance oi' Afcania. This
Bernhard therefore obtaining the dignity of a Duke of Saxofiy, the name
of the dutchy of Saxony became applied at length to the portion of it in
this country ; and the eledoral dignity being attached to the dutchy it has
obtained the title of the eledoral circle. In the middle age the greateft
part thereof belonged to the Gau of Plonim., and the lefier to the Gau of
Lufizi.
§. 6. The eledloral circle confifls of eleven prefedurates : viz.
I. The circle-amt of Wittenberg, in which alfo is reckoned the county
of Barby, containing both together twenty-two immediate and nineteen mediate
vaflais, with about one hundred and fourteen villages. But the county
of Barby having a peculiar place and voice at the Diets of the circle of
Upper- Saxony, its defcription is to be fought for further on in its proper
place. In this prefedturate we fliall take notice
I. Of Wittenberg, in Latin called Witteberga, or Leucorea, lying not
far from the Elbe, over which it has a ferry, and the head-town of the
electoral circle,
being under immediate vaflalage, and the fecond among the
four prefiding towns, as they are called, in the narrower feledion of the
towns, as alfo the feat of an aulic-judicatory, before which the mediate
and immediate vaflals of the electoral circle appear partly in the firfl, and
partly in the fecond refort. In it too is the feat of the affize, as alfo a confiftory,
together with that of the general fuperintendency of the elecloral
circle, a fpiritual infpedion, the circle-amt, and a famous univerfity founded
in 1502, at which in 1517 the Reformation took its rife by means Oi Martin
Luther. This town is not large but fortified. The old citadel here was
formerly the eleiftoral refidence. Near it ftands an arfenal. The citadelchurch,
or tiie cathedral oi All- Saints, is the univerfity-church, and a profeflbr
of divinity its provoft. In it is faid to be Luther's monument, with
feveral other curiofities. In the large round tower, which flands by it, are
kept the common archieves of the eledoral and princely Saxon houfes. At
the parifh-church belonging to the town ftands the genei-al fuperintendency.
The Latin tovvn-fchool here contains fix teachers. The univerfity-Iibrary
is kept in what was formerly an Augnfline cloyfler. The firft founder of
Vol. V. '4 A the
54-5

54^ GERMAN T: [Sax'ony.
the town of Wittejiberg was Bernhard Duke of Saxony. In 1 547
it was
taken by the Emperor Charles Y. In 1640 it fufFered great damage byfire.
In 1756 it was poiTefled by ihe Pnt/Jiajis, who aUb broke down a
baftion of the fortifications. As its fliare in the tax levied upon liquors Wittenberg
pays only one half.
To the univerfity here belong the villages of Melzivig, and Eutfch, the
latter of which is a parochial-village ; together with thofe of Reuden, Polnfdorf\
Pißeritz^ Copenig, Dieterichjdorf, Tciichel, the little mill oi Abjdorff]
and a fmall eftate fitiiated at Seegrchn.
2. Kemberg, in Latin called Cameracum, a fmall town, under Immediate
vaflalage, and at the provincial Diets enjoying both feat and voice. In this
town is a citadel, together with a provoftlliip or fpiritual infpeftion. The
inhabitants of this place apply themfelves with great diligence to the culture
of hops. The town itfelf was iirft founded by fome Flcinings who came
out of the province of Cambrnv, or Camcryk.
3. Zabna., a fmall town, under immediate vaflalage, and enjoying both
feat and voice at the Provincial Diets, and being alfo the feat of a fuperintendency.
In the year 1719 this place fuffered greatly by fire.
4. Schmiedeberg^ a fmall town, under immediate vaflalage, and environed
by mountains.
5. Eljler, a borough, fubjeil to mediate vaflalage, and fituated not far
from the river Elbe, into which at no great diftance from this place runs
the
Black Eljler.
6. Reinhards, or Reijiharz, a church-village and nobleman's eftate, the
proprietor of wliich, namely, the privy-counfellor, and hereditary marihal,
John Count of Lojer, has rendered it worthy notice by the laboratory
founded there at a very great expence, and with ftill greater judgment,
for the making of divers mechanical and optical machines.
7. Grofzivig, a nobleman's eftate and village, near which, in 173 i, were
dug up fome tranfparent and opake ambers of various colours.
^. Blankenjee, a church- village, with a nobleman's eflate of the family
of Thiemen, and lying on a lake of the fame name, being, as well as the
church-village of Stangenhagen, wholly furrounded by the Middle Mark.
9. Dabrim, Gaditz, Jahme, K'-obßadt, Nuderfdcrf, Radis, Rackitb, and
Wartenbing, all church-villages with noblemens efl:ates.
II. The prcfedurate of Grafenhavnchen, containing in it one immediate
vafial, one mediate vafllil, and eight villages. In this prefedurate is
1, Grafenhayneben,, a finall town under mediate vaflalage, and having'
both feat and voice at the Provincial Diets, as alfo a fuperintendency.
2. Slroh'walde, a royal domain.
III. The prefeöurate of Bklzig, in which are eight immediate vaflals,
ieventeen mediate ones, and eighty-three villages.. In this prefedurate we
are
fiifl to remark.
1 Ti''lzi'y

Saxony.]
GERMANY.
1. Belzig, a town, under mediate valTalage, and having both feat and
voice at the Provincial Diets, together with a citadel and fuperintendencv.
In the year 1750 this place fufFered greatly by fire.
2. Bruck^ an inconliderable little town under mediate vaffalage, but having
notwithftanding both feat and voice at the Provincial Diets, as aUb a
citadel.
3. Niemeck, a fmall town, under mediate vaflalage, and having both
feat and voice at the Provincial Diets.
547
4. Rabenjlein, a citadel and nobleman's eflate, polTefied at prefent by a.
proprietor of the name of Lofcke.
5. Benken, Caiiiti, with Clcßo, Frederfdorf^ Hagelberg, KlehigUcn, huhnitz,
Rietz, and IViejenburg, all church-villages, containing noblemen's
eftates.
IV. The preiedurate of Gommern with Elbenau, which lies on the
river B.lbe, between the dutchy of Magdeburg, the principality of ^-nhalf^
and the county o{ Barby, containing in it two immediate vaflals, three mediate
ones, and twenty-two villages. Formerly it confifted of two prefecturates
which the Emperor Albert III. of Saxony and the laft of the Afcanian
line, mortaged in the year 1420 as prefedurates of the burggravate of
Magdeburg for the fum of 22,000 gold guldens to the town-council of
Magdeburg; but the El-edtor John Frederick again redeemed them. In
16 19 both thefe prefedlurates were united into one. In them we fliall
take notice of
1. Gommern, a fmall town, under mediate vaflalage, and containing a
citadel and fuperintendency.
2. Elbenau, a church-village, fituated on an ifland in the river Elbe.
3.
Jhleburg, a church-village, with a nobleman's eflate, belonging to the
Barons of Plotho.
V. The prefedlurate of Seyda, in which is one immediate and three
mediate valfals, together with feventeen villages. In tliis prefedurate we
are to remark,
1. Seyda, anciently called 5/V^zi^, a fmall town, under mediate vafTalage,
and enjoying both feat and voice at the Provincial Diets. In it too is a
fuperintendency. This place was formerly ftiled a feigniory.
2. Gadegajl, Golfdorf, Kurzlipfdorf, Mollnitz, Morxdorf, Niederfeefeld,
Oehna, and Seehaufen, all church villages.
VI. The prefedurate of AxNABURG, in which are two immediate vaffals,
one mediate valTal, and fixteen villages. The heath of Annaburg or
Lochau is very extenfive. In this prefedurate is
I. Annaburg, formerly called Lochau, a borough, fituated on an ifland
which forms the new dyke, and containing in it a citadel, which An72e coniovt
to the Eledlor Augußus caufed to be rebuilt in the year i
572 ; upon which
both that and the town itfelf were called after her name.
4 A 2 z R/37ns-

54-8
GERMANY,
[Saxony.
2. Ranhburg, a church-village, in which is an eftate of Count Brubl's.
VII. The prefedurate of Schweinitz, in which are fourteen immediate
and nineteen mediate vafTals, together with eighty villages. In this
prefedurate is
I . Sctnveinitz, a fmall town, under immediate vaflalage, and enjoying
both feat and voice at the Provincial Diets, Schweifiitz lies on the Black
Eljier. The amt-office here is inverted with the upper and hereditary jurifdidion.
In 1406 the tower of the citadel, which formerly flood at this
place, fell in and flew Wenzel and Sigifmmid two fons of the eledor Rtidolp
III. with other perfons. In 1637 the Swedes fct this little town on
fire, and in 1758 it was taken by the vidorious King of Prujia.
"2. Jejfen, a fmall town, fituated or» the Black Elßer, and having both
feat and voice at the Provincial Diets, being alfo under immediate vafTalage^
but over it the prefedurate of Scbweinifz notwithftanding exercifes not the
upper and hereditary jurifdidion. At this place is a fuperintendency. In
1729 a great part of the town was burnt down. On the Gohrenberg is a
growth of wine commonly calkd Gohren beer.
3. Schonewalde, a fmall town under mediate vaflalage, and having both
feat and voice at the Provincial Diets. In the year 17 14 the greatefl: part of
this place was confumed by fire.
4. Herzberg, anciently called Hirzberg, alfo a fmall town, feated ort
the Black Elfler, and being under immediate vaflalage. This place belongs
to the greater feledion of the towns, and is the feat of a fuperintendencv.
The inhabitants deal in wool and cloths, and here is alfo a houfe for the
making offalt-petre. In 1703 the greatefl: part alfo of this town was confumed
by fire.
5. Prettin, in ancient records ftiled Brettin, Pretyn, or Prittyn, a fmall
town, under immediate vaflTalage, and having both feat and voice at the
P;-ovincial Diets. This place lies on the river Elbe.
6. Lichtenburg, a fine eledoral palace with a pleafure-garden belongs
ing to it, and which was firfl: founded by Anne confort to the Eledor
Aiiguftin.
7. Cloden, a borough, with a nobleman's eftiate, and appertaining to the
Counts of Lofcr, as alfo containing a provoftfliip or fpiritual infpedion.
8. Kreyjcha, a royal manor, in which, as well as in that of Dohlen, not
far from it, is a ftud of horfes.
all
9. Grcfzreben, Jiemjendorj, Kniippelfdorf, Werehau, WildenaUy Zwethan,
church-villages with noblemen's eftates.
VIII. The prefedurate of Pretsch, containing fifteen villages. In it is
I. Pretfch, a fmall-town, under mediate vaflalage, and lying not far
from the river Elbe. This town enjoys both feat and voice at the Provincial
Diets, and in it is a palace having a fine garden. Pretfch formerly belonged,
and that too for a long time, to the family oi Lojer j afterwards to
3
that

Saxony.]
GERMANY.
th^t of Arnim, of the latter of which it was purchafed by the Elector
Jobn George III. It was the dowager feat of Queen Chri/iiana Eberhardine^
who died in 1727.
2. Patzfchwig, a church-village, belonging to the provoftfhip of Cloden.
IX. The prefedurate of Schlieben, with the feigniory of Bariitb and
Sonnewalde, in which are eleven immediate and fourteen mediate vafTals,
together with fifty villages.
In this prefedturate is
1. Schliebt'n, a fm..ll town, having both feat and voice at the Provincial
Diets, and the council of which is indeed in fome particulars under immediate
vaflalage, but the amt-office is poflefTed of the upper and hereditary
jurifdidion. At this place is a provoflfhip or fuperintendency. In ijzi
the greatefl: part of it was confumed by fire.
2. Colochau, Hei?ijJorf\ Hibncrfdorfy Lebufa, Petkits, Stechau, Strieja,
and Wujlermark^ all church-viliages, having noblemen's eftates.
3. Hohenbuckau, a hunting-feat belonging to the Elector.
4. The leigniory of Baruth, which is under immediate vallalage, and
was hereditarily purchafed by Count Otto of Solms in 1596. This prefecturate
ftill belongs to a collateral line of the principal branch of Solms-
1 1 1. In it we are to remark
Lich, of which we treated above, p
1. Baruth, a fmall town, under immediate vaflalage, and lying on the
Goila, as alfo containing a citadel and a fuperintendency. In the year 1671
the greatefl part of this place was confumed by fire.
2. The church-villages ofGrofzziefcht, Kemlitz, Merzdorf, Paplitz, and
Schonefeld.
5. The feigniory of Sonnewalde, which lies, indeed, in Lower-Lufatia,
but has for many years part been incorporated with the eledloral circle.
Count Philip of ^ö/wj purchafed this feigniory in 1532 of the noble family of
Minkwitz, and ar prefent it belongs to a collateral line of the principal branch
of Solms-Ljch. In it is
1. Somievoalde, in the Wendiß) called Hordzifchczo, or Grodzifchczo, a
fmall town, containing a refidentiary palace of the Counts.
2. The church-villages of Friederjdorj, Gofmar, Great-Kraiifig, Schoneivald,
Wendifchtrahne, Wenfdorf and Zekrin.
X. The prefedurate of Liebenwerda, in which are ten immediate
and ten mediate vafTals, and forty-one villages : namely,
1. Liebenwerda, a fmall town, ftziti^ on th^ Black Elßer, and under immediate
vaff^lage, belonging to the greater feledion of the towns. In it is a
fuperintendency. In the year 1733 this place fuffered greatly by fire.
2. Wahrenbruck, fituated not far from the Black Rißer, together with
3. Ubigau, or Uebigau, are both fmall towns, under immediate vaflalage^
and enjoying feat and voice at the Provincial Diets. To the prefedlurate
of Liebenwerda however is annexed the fupreme and hereditary jurifdidtion
over them.
4. DoHinf
549

550 G E R M A N r. [Thurlngia.
4. Dolliiigen^ Falkenberg, Schmerkendorf, and Wiederau, all church-villages,
having noble eftates.
XI. The prefeöurate of Bitterfeld, which belonged formerly to the
Merfebwg collateral line of the eledtoral houfe of Saxony. In it are fifteen
mediate vafTals, and forty-eight villages : namely,
1. Bitterfeld, a fm all town, under immediate vaflalage, and having both
feat and voice at the Provincial Diets. In it too is a luperintendency, and
this place lies on the river Mulde.
2. Brebna, a fmall town, under mediate vaffalage, and having both feat
and voice at the Provincial Diets. This place was anciently the capital of
the county of Brebna, the proprietors of which were of the Wettin line.
On the extindion of thofe Counts the county fell to the Eledors of Saxony
of the Afcanian race.
3. Pouch, a citadel, lying not far from the river Muldc, together with its
appropriated leigniory, of which the collateral branch of the principal line of
the Counts of Solms-Lich is
pofiefled.
4. Oid-Jefznitz, Niemeck, Priorau, Ranißn, and Roitzfch, the laft of
which confill:s of eight fliares, as alfo Schhrau, are all church-villages with
noble eftates. Wclff'en likewife is a church-village.
The
Circle«?/^
T H U R I N G I J.
§.i. /^ F the landgravate of Thuringta are extant fome old drawings
^^ taken by John Mellinger and Adolarin Erichhis ; the latter of
which have alfo been copied by Bbeuw, fanffon and others. The chart
publifhed hy fohn Bapt. Homann, was firft improved, in the year 1729, by
his fon john Chriß. Homann, and afterwards, in 1738, by Frederick Chrrßian
Lcffer. The laft edition of this chart is to be found in the Atlas oi. Germany,
in which it conftitutes the fifty-firftj and in number fifty-five is likewife to
be found a chart of F-aH-T^huringia, publifhed by Homann a heirs, in the
y«ar 1747, on two fheets.
§. 2. The circle of Thuringia forms the north part of the landgravate
of that name. The country is well watered, yields good pafturage and
abundance of corn, particularly wheat, which is excellent, as alfo fine
woods, and produces woad at Laitgenfalza, together with fafior, anife, fennel
aad wine in other places ; and has alfo a confiderable breed of horfes,
horned-cattle and flieep. Of thefe natural produdions of the country a great
part is exported.
§. 3. T^bu-

Thimngia.] GERMANY, 551
§.3. Thiiringla cov\\.s\\^% in it forty-feven towns, fourteen boroughs, fix
hundred and feventy-four (or according to Henipel^ table eight hundred and
thirty-three) villages, three hundred noble eftates, two hundied and fittvtwo
pariih-churches at the villages, ninety-fix filial-churches, {t\tn fiaperintendencies
and five under-conhftories. Among the towns there are four
here which belong to the feledion of the towns ; namely, one to the leifer
and three to the wider feledtion ; feven general towns, whicti belong to the
third clafs of the provinces, and one hundred and feventy-fix immediate
vaffals.
§. 4. Thuringia takes its name from the ancient Tlmringi ; but the modern
'Thuringia, which lies nearly between the Saale and the Werra^ the
foreft oi Thurijigia and the Harzivalde, is but a part of the ancient Thuringia,
(a country formerly comprized under that name,) extending itfelf much
farther every way. In the fixth century the Franks and Saxons fubjefted
the T^huringiajis to their dominion, whofe country from that time forwards
became divided into the north and fouth. The limits between both were
notfo much the JJnllriit as the foreft of iJ-rrrz'ti'^/fl't' and the v'wtr Heline which
flows in the golden Auc or meadow. North-Thuriugia towards the north
extended itfelf beyond the Harz\calde quite to the river Elbe, and belonged to
the Saxons. It was united with the dutchy of Saxony, loft its name, and
was at length annexed to Eaßphalia, or to the eaftern part of the country
of Saxony. Sotith-Thuringia belonged to the Franks, and comprized in it
the modern Thuringia, together with a large (liare of the modern Franconia,
Helfe, &c. It was divided into feveral cantons or Pagi, over which
Counts were appointed. Til! the eleventh century it ftood under the Emperors
and Kings, and befides the Counts we find alfo fome Dukes mentioned,
to whom the German Kings entrufted the government of this country.
In the eleventh century the Emperors Conrad II. and Henry III.
made Count Lewis the Bearded (of whofe pedigree fome account has been
given above) a donation of certain eftates in Thuringia, to which that
Count added likewife fome others by means of purchale and marriage.
His fon Lewis II. who was alfo furnamed the Springer or Vaulter, refided^
it is true, at the paternal citadel of Schanenlmrg, but built, moreover, other
citadel?. His fon again, named Lewis III. vv^as by the Emperor Lotharius
created, in the year 1152, Landgrave oi Thuringia, after having ftripped
Hermann of Winzenburg of that dignity. And thus this Lewis is reckoned
the firft of that name among the Landgraves of Thuringia. His race became
extin(fl in the vear 1247 in the perfon of the Landgrave Henry Rafpc^
Sophia, daughter to his elder brother St. Lewis, was married to Hetiry V.
V)kxV.^ oi Brabant ; and Henry I, fon to them both, and furnamed /y6^ C/j/A/,
afpired now to the landgravate of Thuringia : But the Marggrave Henry
ilh' lilußrious of Meißn, fifter's fon to the laft-mentioned Landgrave, annexed
the langravate to himfelf, as well on account of a nearer hereditary
right

552 GERMANY. [Tliurlngia.
right, as alfo by virtue of the expedtancy of it which had been obtained in
1 242 of the Emperor Frederick II. Upon this a war enfued, which was at
length terminated in 1263 by means of a ftipulation ; by virtue of which
theMarggrave Henry oi MeiJJen obtained the landgravate of Thuringia, and
Henry of Brabant, Heße.
Ever fiivce this time the Marggraves of Mcijfen, who afterwards became
Eledlors oi Saxony, have been in poffefTion of the landgravate of TVjwr/^^/t?,
which was at one time divided among feparate Hnes, but returned again by
the extindlion of the latter to that of Meißen, At length, however, by the
divifion of the countries, made between the brothers Erneß and Albert,
it fell to the {hare of the former. It continued veiled in his defcendents
till the Eledor John Frederick, in 1547 loft all his countries, which together
with the eleäioral dignity, were conferred by the Emperor on Duke
Maurice of the Albertine line ; but that Prince was obliged to cede certain
countries among them which had been partly taken from out of Thiiringia,
and partly out of the Ofler-lande, and of which hereafter a more accurate account
(hall be given, to the children of 'John Frederick, in heu of the yearly
revenue allowed them of 50,000 guldens.
§. 5. The Elector of Saxony, it is true, has infifled on a voice on account
of the landgravate of Thuringia in the council of the Princes of the Empire,
but has always been refufed. The Dukes o^ Saxony of the Erneßine
line were the parties who oppofed it, and thefe alledged, that they had hitherto
carried their voices fingly on account of the countries of 'Thuringia,
for which reafon no general voice could take place on account thereof.
The Eledor of Saxony in reply to this fays, that the Erneßine lines were
not poflefTed of the whole landgravate, of Thuringia, but only of certain

Thuringla,] GERMANY,
553
2. Thefchool-amt of P/or/^, in which is
Pforte, or Schulpforte, the principal of the three fovereign or provincial
fchools of the eledlorate, and lying on the river Saale, about one hour's diftance
from Nawnburg. In it formerly was a confiderable monaflery of
CißercJans, which Duke Maurice converted in 1 543 into what is at prefent
called the Prince's fchool ; in which to this very day one hundred and fifty
fcholars are maintained and taught gratis. This place is under immediate
vaflalage. The fuperintendency too, which formerly was held here, was
abolillied in 1749.
Memlebcn, a parochial-village feated on the TJnftrut, in a pleafant and
fruitful trad: between Nebra and Wiehe. The BenediEline monaftery which
formerly ftood near it was one of the moft celebrated in all Thurifigia, and
In it died the Emperors Henry and Otko I. This monaftery was diflblved
about the year 1545, at which time it became an eledoral manor, and the
kmds were farmed out ; but the ufe thereof applied in 1551 by the Eledor
Maurice towards the better maintenance of the Schulpforte,
Kofen, a village feated on the Saale, and containing a good falt-work.
Together with twenty-three other villages, among which are the churchvillages
of Altenburg, Befindorf, Lijdotf, Upper-Mollern, Pojnnitz, Pappel^
Rehhaufen, Spielberg, Tauchivitz, Zockwar, 6cc.
3. The prefedurate of Tautenburg. In it
"Taiitefiburg, an ancient citadel feated upon a mountain about one German
mile's diftance from Cambiirg, and having a parochial-village and a feigniory
annexed to it which belonged to the Schenken, who fliled themfelves
from hence the Schefiken of Tautenburg. On their extindion, it came fucceflively
into the pofleffion of the family of Werthern, the Dukes of Saxe-
Zeitz, and Count Maurice of Saxony, and at length reverted again to the
eledoral houfe,
fum of twenty florins.
which on account thereof pays to each Roman month the
Frauenpriefjiitz, anciently called Priefnitz, or more fimply Briefnitz, a
market-town, citadel and feigniory, formerly belonging alfo to the Schenken^
and which together with its nunnery, has had the fame fate with the feigniory
q{ Tautenburg. At this place is a fuperintendency, under which ftand
fifteen mother and filial churches. In 1638 it was entirely burnt down.
Niedertrebra, a noble eflate and church-village feated on the Urn, and
belonging formerly, together with the preceding places and feigniories, to
the Schenken, after which it pafied to the Counts oi Werthern, and from them
to Duke Maurice of Saxe-Zeitz, who in 1677 difpofed of it to a member
of the family of Erffa, and this laft to one of the family of Bodenhaufen, to
which family it ftill belongs.
Together with feventeen villages, among which are the church-villages
oi Mai'tcndorf, Pfuhlsborn, Poppendorf, Poxdorf, Staudnitz, Wetzdorf, Sec.
4, The prefedurate of Treffurt, with its annexed vogtev, is co-here-
'
VoL. V. 4 B
ditarv.

554- GERMANY. [Thuringk.
ditary, in as much as befides the Eleflor of Saxony, Mentz alfo and Hejfe
are polTefled of a Ihare therein, as is already fliewn in vol. iv. and likewile
vol. V. p. 34, ^c. where an account may be found of the town of Trr/furt
and the feven villages belonging to its prefedlurate and vogtey.
The following prefefturates were in the poirelhon of the now extind
Dukes of Saxc-PFdJfenfels, who were a collateral line of the ele

GERMANY. Thurlngia.]
5^3
Droyfzigy a borough, citadel and feigniory belonging to the Count of
Hoym.
Lijfen, a parochial-village, formerly containing a cloyfter under the diredion
of a provoft, whence the curate ftill enjoys the title of provoft.
Lcwgejidorf, a village, which in conjundlion with Obcrgrcifzlau forms one
parifh. At this place alfo is a kind of royal domain, which was formeiy a
nunnery, but is partly likewife a foundation eredted by a pious carrier,
named Cbrißopher Buchen, as an orphan-houfe, but which was afterwards
converted into a foundation, in which people of all ranks, ages and fexes,
who wanted to pafs their life peaceably, were fure to meet with an agreeable
fupport ; the young alfo were inftruded here in fuch things as were
ufeful, and poor children maintained and taught.
Untergreifzlau, Lobitz, Great-Goßnüitz, Grob/fz, Meineweb, Meyhen
and Goldfchau, all parochial-villages with noble eflates belonging to them.
4. The tribunal oi Molfen. To it belongs
Moljen, or Hohen Moljen, a fmall town in which a provincial court is
In 1639 this place was almofl: wholely confumed by fire.
ye"arly held.
Teuchern, alfo a fmall town and eftate under immediate vaflalage, and at
prefent belonging to one of the family of Ftmk.
Wahlltz and Gottewitz (commonly called Gictz) Zembfchen with Jaiicha,
Oberneffa, Webau with Roffeln, Retiden and Natindorf, all parochial-villages
with eftates.
6. The prefedurate of Frevburg, containing eighty-eight villages and
eighteen vaflals. The villages here are ranged among five tribunals. In it
we fliall take notice of
Frcyburg, a fmall town lying on the U?ißrut, and under immediate vaffalage,
but having both feat and voice at the Provincial Diets, At this
place alfo is an old citadel ftanding on a mountain, together with a fuperintendency,
to which belong feventy-nine parochial and filial churches, and
which is divided into five circles, namely, into thofe of Freyburq;, Lauch,
Nebra, Mucheln and Bedra. In the year 163 i this town was plundered and
fet on fire by the Imperialißs. In 1682 it fuffered greatly again by fire,
and in 1740 was almoft wholly burnt down. In it is one of the five tribunals
belonging to the prefedturate of the fame name.
Mucheln, a fmall town under immediate vaflalage, and having both feat
and voice at the Provincial Diets, as alfo being one of the five tribunals belonging
to the prefedlurate of F?ryburg. In the year 1631 this place was
plundered and burnt by the Imperialißs ; and in 171 8 the greatefl: part of it
was again confumed by fire.
St. Micheln, a filial-village, incorporated into one parilh with the former,
and belonging to the prefedlurate of JVeiffenJeh.
Laucha, a fmall town under immediate vafl'alage, and having both feat
and voice at the Provincial Diets. This town lies in a fertile and pleafant
4 B 2 meadow

556 GER M ANT. [Thuringia.
meadow on the 17«/?^//, and in 14 19 obtained town-privileges, as alfo in
1483 the upper and lower jurifdidlion. In it 1731 was ail burnt down but
twenty houfes.
Ne'bra, a fmall town under immediate vadalage, and ftated on the Unfimt.
Its citadel is poireffed by the Count of Hoym as a noble eftate. It
belonged formerly to a line of the Schenkoi. Duke Willicim the Brave ceded
it in 145S to the Lords of A^i/wzVzinlieu of his half of the citadel and town
oi Freyburg. In 1641 it was almofl: wholly reduced to afhes by the SwedeSy
and in 1655 was again confumed by fire.
Burg- Sehetduvgen, a church-village lying on the Uiißriä, with an eftate
annexed to it belonging to the family of Schuletiburg, was anciently
a town and fortrefs, which devolved at length as an Imperial fief to the
biOiopric oi Bamberg, by which it was given again in fief to other poffeffors
; as for inftance in 1376 to Gebhard a noble Lord of S^uerftirt.
Bruno XI. in whom this ^lerfurt line became extinft, ceded the fief in
J 495 to Vnnce Woldemar oi Anhalt ; fince which the princely houfe of
Anhalt has conftantly received it in fief of the bifliops of Bamberg, but
generally again inverted others with it by way of fub-fief,
Carfdorf, a church-village, in which is one of the five tribunals of this
prefedturate.
Rofzbacb-, a church-village, alfo containing one of the five tribunals of
this prefefturate. In the neighbourhood of this place in 1757 happened
one of the moft glorious adtions that ever was known ; Frederick II. King
o{ Prußia, with a fmall army and a very inconfiderable lofs, routing with the
greateft eafe a powerful army of the combined French and Imperialilh.
Eichjletty a village, alfo containing one of the five tribunals of this prefedlurate.
Gofeck, a parochial village, with a nobleman's feat under immediate vaffalage,
and containing a citadel-church, in which the principal divine fervice
here is performed ; but in the village- church alfo hours of prayer are
obferved, and other divine rites celebrated. In this town alio formerly was
a famous BenediBine cloyfter.
Alberfrcda, Balgßadt, Baumerjroda, Bedra, Brajjdercda, Braunfroda,
Crumpa, Eulau, Oieina, Groß, Kirchjcheidtingen, Markrohliz, Oberfchmon,
(anciently called Schman) Oberwund/ch, Judendorf, Oechlitz, Reinjdorf,
St. Ulrich, Schnelrcda, Vitzenburg, JVeifchutz, JVeiJfenfchirmbach and Zöbicker,
all church-villages with eftates.
ZfchleipUtz, a noble eftate and village, anciently called Weijjenburg. At
this place was a nunnery.
7. The prefedurate of EcKARTSBERGA, in which are fixty-feven. villages
and thirty-five immediate vaflals,
namely,
I. Eckartsberga, an open little town under immediate vaflalage, and
having both feat and voice at the Provincial Diets. In it is an old ruinous
piountain-

.
Thuringia.] GERMANY.
557
mountain-citadel, and a fuperintendency. This town fuffered greatly by
fire in the years 1562, 1681 and 1744, and in former times, together
with its appurtenances, conditutcd a county.
2. Bibra, or Bebra, an inconfiderable Httle town, which in the year
1707 was fet on fire hy the Swedfs, and the greatelt part of it burnt down.
At this place is an eledtoral manor. Formerly there was alfo a cathedral
church here, of which the mod; certain and oldeft account extani occurs in a
record of the Emperor Hetiry V. bearing date in 1 107. But that fo early as
the year 768 one of the four fpiritual courts of Thuringia was, as fome affert
founded here, is difficult to be believed, and ftill more difficult to be
proved
3, The county of Beichlingeri has had formerly Counts of its own, who
were ftiled from it and formed a very ancient, confiderable and powerful
family who were hereditary marfhals in Thiiringia\ but gradually alienated
their efiates and became extindl in
1 567. A confiderable part of thefe
eflates the Lords of Werthern procured to themfelves by purchafe ;
Ham of
Werthern purchafing in 151 9 of Count Adam of Beichlingen the county of
Beichlingef2, with the town of Colleda, and in 1526 and 1528 two vilLiges
more in the fame county, after which in 1520 the above Lords received from
Duke George of Saxcny the inveftiture thereof The Elecftor John George 1.
alfo invefied George of Werthern in 1633 with the noble vafTals of the
county, whom Count Adam of Beichli?igen, at the time of his difpofing of
the county, had referved to himfelf. The family of Werthern divided itfelf
in the fifteenth century in the fons of Frederick of Werthern, named John
and Thilo, into two principal lines, of which that of Thilo became extinct
in 1
710. The John line was divided again, i. Into that of George, to
which again belongs, (i). That oi Frohndorf, which ftill continues in the
rank of nobles. (2). That ol Great-Neuhauj'en, and (3). That of i?f/t73-
lingen, both which lines, ever fince the year 1702, are polTefTed of the
dignity of Counts of the Empire. 2. Into that of George Thilo, which
ftiles itfelf of Werthern and Bnicken, and ffill continues in the rank of
nobles; And 3. Into that oi John Henry, to which belong three collateral
lines, viz. the Counts of Bachra, the Barons of Wiehe, and the noble
family of Lojfa. The Counts of Werthern are polfefled of the office of
hereditary door-keepers of the Empire. To the county oi Beichlingen, as
difpofed of in the manner above-mentioned, to the family of Werthern
belongs
Beichlingen, a citadel, {landing on a mountain : together with
The church-villages of Altenbeichlingen, Biirfgwenden, Hemmleben, Leuhingen,
and Stodten.
4. The feigniory of Wiehe has belonged to the Barons and Lords of
Werthern, ever fince the time that it was purchafed by Dieterich oi Werthern
in the year 1452 of the Counts of Schivarzbi/rg as a fub-fief thereof. This
feigniory is divided into two parts, and comprizes in it Wiehe ,

^rS GERMANY. [Thuringk.
Wiche, a fmall town, fituated not far from the Unflruf, and which in
the year 1342 was fet on fire and deftroyed. In 1609 alfo it was wholly
burnt down, and in 1700 and 17 12 fuifered hkewife greatly by the fame
dreadful calamity-
The church-villages of Bächra and DmnJorf, in the latter of which was
formerly a nunnery, in which the family of Wertbern founded a fchool ;
together with tiie villages of Garnbccb, Langetiroda, and LoJJa.
5. The feigniory of Frohndorf, anciently belonging to the Counts of
Beichlingen, but which was mortgaged by them in 1448 to the Counts
of Stolbcrg and. Sclnvarzburg ; and in 1467 was fold out-right. In 1505
was purchafed by the Lords of Wertheni of the Counts of Stolberg with
confent of the Counts of Schwarzbwg, and held as a fief. It ftill belongs to
the Lords of Weribern, who are polTeiled therein of a fpiritual under-court,
and contains in it the church-villages of Backleben, Batgendorf, Elkrßeben^
Frohndorf, Great and Little-Neuhaufen, Orlißmufen, and Retgenjiedt.
6. The bailiwick of Thuringia, belonging to the Teut07iick order, is fubjedl
to the Elector of Saxony as fovereign, and the lieutenant thereof is a
Vree-holder. In the lefler feleftion of the nobility he enjoys the firft voice,
if prefent, in perfon. His annual revenues are eftimated at 6000 guldens.
To this bailiwick belong four commanderies : viz.
1. The commandery of Zivetzen, in which is
Zivetzen, or Z'-^atzen, a church-village, feated on a mountain on the
river Saak^ and in the neighbourhood of °Jena. This village is the head
place of the bailiwick, and the commendatory 's palace in it is allotted for
the refidence of the lieutenant. In the year 1722 it fuffered greatly
by fire.
The church-villages of Altengonne, Nerkivitz, Rodgen, Wolßorn, and the
village of IVitterJrode.
2. The commandery of Leheßcn, having its feat at Leheflen, Lehßen, or
Labßen, a church-village, in which is the commendatory's palace.
3. The commandery of Liebßadt, having its feat at Liebfladt, or Liehßett,
a church-village, in which alfo is the commendatory's palace.
Rem. The commandery of Negelßadt belongs to the prefedurate of
Langenfalza.
7. Mariejithal, formerly a nunnery belonging to the families of Hagen
and Seebach as a noble eftate. Cbri/iian William of Miincbhaujen, the ancient
poffefibr of this nunnery, caufed the old buildings, which ftood in
a plealant valley, to be pulled down, and in their room, in 1732, new ones
to be erected in a magnificent tafte on a mountain at fome diftance, whith
buildings he allotted for a foundation of Lutheran ladies ; but this regulation
was never brought to bear.
8. Klo/ler-HaJeler, or Upper-Hafeler, a church-village, fituated on the
river Hafel, and having the privilege of holding a fair, and formerly alfo
ccntalning in it a nunnery. 9. Rofzleben,

Thuringla.] GERMANY.
559
9. Rofzkbeii, or Koffd, a borough, with a pariih-church belonging to it
feated on the Unßruty at the entrance of what is called i\\e. Golden An oz
Meadoic. Formerly there was an Augullinc nunnery at this place, which
at prefent belongs as a noble eftate to the family of Witzkhen. Henry of
WItzkben, in 1554, founded, in what was formerly a cloyfter here, a good
fchool, which is ftill extant, and the fcholars belonging to it are eitlier
maintained gratis, or pay but an inconfiderable falary. In i 686 the cloyfter
buildings, together with the greatell: part of the borough, were burnt down;
but in 1730 a beginning was made for reftoring them, by eredting a new
fchool-houfe, which was finiflied in 1742. The cloyfter-community has its
own preacher.
10. Letitejithal, Sacbfenhanjcn, Nikclß^aiijcn, and Li?idcbcrg, are four
fovereign
farms.
11. AllerHad t, Aucrlladt, Bncba, Burghafelcr or Undcr-Hafclcr, Bnrgholzhaufen,
Dermjdorf, Efzleben, Gofznitz, Hcrrngojjerftodt, Naufcfz in the
valley, Ilpper-Keiffen, Rotc?iberga, Steinburg, Taiicbard, Vehra, and li'olmerßadt,
all church-villages with noble eflates.
8, The prefedlurate of Sangerhausen contains in it twenty-five villages,
and eighteen immediate vaflalages. In this prefedlurate is
Sangerbai/Jen, a town, under immediate vaflalage, and having both feat
and voice at the Provincial Diets. This town lies in the neighbourhood of
the foreft of Harz. In it are computed feven hundred hearths, and it
contains alfo an old citadel with a church in it, and two other parillichurches,
viz. one in the lower the other in the upper-town ; together
with a hofpital and a foundation of the Holy Gbojl with a church belonging
to it, as alfo two other hofpitals with churches, a good Latin fchool in
what was formerly a monaltery of Augi/ßines, and a fuperintendency.
It is one of the oldeft towns in T'buringia, and formerly, together with its
appendages, conftituted a proper feigniory, which came by marriage to
Count Lewis the Bearded, and after the extindion of the Landgraves of
Thuringia, to the Marggrave Henry of Meijfen. Under his fon the Marggriwt
Albert, and that probably by virtue of his ad: of alienation, it fell,
together with Landßyerg, to Henry one of the Brandenburg Marggraves of
the Afianian line and fon to John I. whofe daughter Sophia brought it to
her confort Magnus the Pious, Duke of Brufi/wick. His fon again narned
Duke Magnus with the Chain, mortgaged Sangerbaufen in 1369 (not in
1367) to the Marggraves of Meijj'en, to whom he alfo ceded it in 1372
on condition that it fliould be at liberty to redeem thefe countries again
within two years fpace. In the laft-mentioned year it was almoft laid level
with the ground by what was called the Society of Star-bearers, in Latin
Societas StcUigerorum, In the years 1398, 143 i, and i 9 iq it was almoft
wholly confumed by fire. The commendatory's palace here belonging to
the 'Teutonick order has been appropriated by the council to itfelf.
Walhaufeiiy

560 GERMANY. [Thuringia.
Walhaufen, a market-town, with a citadel and eftate of the Barons of
Ajjcburg. This place was anciently an Imperial palatine town, which in
I 1 1 ^ was deftroyed, and afterwards converted into a market-town.
Kaltcnhorn, a ruinous cloyfler, which was once a magnificent building.
Koda, formerly a cloyHer of P7-av207tßratenJes, but at prefent a noble
eftate, belonging to the family of Schulenkirg.
Roblhigcii, a citadel, in which formerly was kept the prefedlurate-office
of three villages, but this was afterwards united with that oi Sangerhaujcn,
Grulleuberg, a church- village, formerly alfo containing a peculiar prefefturate-office.
Oberfdorf, a parochial-village, with a royal domain.
Bcycrnanmburg, Brücken, Hackpjiiffel, and Schonewerda, all churchvillages
with noble eftates.
9. The prefe6lurate of Sachsenburg, in which is
Sachfenburg, a church-village and citadel, lying near the Unßriit at the
foot of the mountain o( Finne.
The old decayed citadel of this name ftands
not far from it on the mountain, and was firft founded by the Saxons.
The parochial-villages of Bilzingßebcn, Cannaivurf, and two others.
10. The prefedlurate of Weissensee, containing in it twenty-feven
villages and nineteen immediate vaflals. In this prefedurate is
Weiffcnfec, a fmall town, fituated in the center of Thuringia, near what
formerly conlVituted an inland lake, which was divided into the greater and
lefs, or into the upper and lower, between both which it lay ; but the former
being drained in 1705 and converted into arable and meadow grounds,
a fraall part of it only remains at prefent, and this alfo has been fince
dried up. The town itfelf is under immediate vaflalage, and belongs to the
greater feledlion of the towns, containing in it alfo an old decayed citadel,
and a fuperintendency. On account of its fidelity to its Sovereigns, in the
time of the great infurreftion of the peafants in the year 1525, it obtained
of Duke George letters of freedom ; by virtue of which it is only to pay
one half of the feveral cuftomary provincial grants, evaluations, taxes, and
tenths ; whence it ftill pays but one half of the tax upon liquor. In the
years 12 12, 1248 or 1249, 1354, and 1750, it was entirely burnt down,
and in 1457, 1474, 1565, 1590, 1598, and 1640, either the greateft
or at lead: a confiderable part of it confumed by the fame dreadful calamity.
The palace of the commendatory of the Teutonick order, which once
ftood here, the magiftracy appropriated wholly to itfelf in 1594.
Kindelbruck, a fmall town, under immediate vaflalage, and lying on the
Wipper. This place has both feat and voice at the Provincial Diets. In
the year 1291 it was flill a village, but in that year obtained the fame
privileges with the town oi IVeißenfee. In 1372 it obtained full town-privileges,
and in 1 1507 permiflion alfo of being environed with walls, a beginning
towards which was made in the following year. In 1359, 1528, 1569,
1582, and 1650, it fuffered greatly by fire. Colleda,

Thuringia.] GERMANY. 561
Colleda, othervvife called Colin on the_ Unßnit, that river running not far
from it, as alfo Kub-Colln, from the great breed of cattle, in its neighbourhood,
is a finall town belonging to the Counts of Wcythi7-n. Hans of Werthern
purchafed this place in 15 19 of Qo\\x\\. Adam of Beichlingen, and
brought alfo hereditarily to himfelf from the abbey of Henfcld the office
of bailiff over it. In the year 1683 it fuffcred great damage by fire. Near
the burying-church here formerly ftood a BmcdiSline nunnery.
Gebefee, a market-town, lying on the Gera, and having a noble citadel,
near which ftands a church, one capital church, three hundred and fifty
houfes, and four free farms. In the years 1641 and 1745 this place fuftained
great damage by fire, and in 1750 the greatclT: part of it was burnt
down. Count Adam of Beichlingen purchafed it in 1522 of Duke George
of Saxony. In 1567 Bartholomew, the laft Count o^ Beichlingen died at this
place, upon which it reverted again to the Eled;or Augrißm of Saxo?i\\
and fince that has already obtained a feventh new owner, who is at prefent
the Lord of Olderßjaufen.
The commandery of Griffßadt, or Grieffßett, belonging to the Tetitonick
bailiwick of Hejfen. This commendatory has both feat and voice in the
leffer feleclion of the nobility. Belonging to the commendam is a church,
and to the village another.
Grißjiadt, a parochial-village, lying not far from the Vnßrut.
Straiisfiirth, a parochial-village and noble eftate, belonging to the Baroa
of Munchbaufen, and containing an orphan-houfe. Between this place and
the church-village oiVehra the Emperor Henry IV. obtained a great vidtory
over the Saxom. In 1592 feventy-four houfes were burnt down here.
Bendeleben, Cranichborn, Gajiglofjhnmern, Großenfiirra, Grojzmonra,
Gruningen, Lutzenfommern, Niedertopfßadt, Noda, Ottenhaufen, Schliffe,
Schonßed, Tunze}ihanßn, and Wenigenßommern.
Gnnßadt, a parochial-village, very famous for its fair, which is called
the Indulgence oj Gnnßadt.
II. The prefedlurate of Langensalza comprizes in it thirty-fix villages,
and thirty-three immediate vaffals. Among them is
Langenßalza, the capital of all the eledloral Saxon 'Thuringia, lying on
the Salza, in a fpot very fertile in corn, and being under immediate vaffalage.
This town belongs to the leffer feledlion of towns ; contains an
ancient citadel, which in old times was called Dryburg; about nine hundred
houfes, two parifh-churches, one fuperintendency, whofe fpiritual jurifdidion
is divided into the upper and lower circle -, a Latin fchool, and
fome manufadures of ftufts ; and carries on moreover a good trade in half
filks, ferges, corn, and other commodities. Fonnerly it belonged at firft
to the cloyfter of Homburg, which ftood at no great diftance from it, but
afterwards fell to the Lords of S^/z«?, and in 121 1 was made a town. The
Lords of Salza, who became extinft in 1409, fo early as towards the mid-
VoL. V. 4 C die

562 GERMANY. [Thuringla.
die of the fourteenth century alienated this town ; at which time one half
of it came to the Landgraves oi Thuringia, and afterwards the whole of it.
In the years 148^, I ^o5, 1662, and 171 r, it fuffered great damage by fire.
'Tbamß^rtick, vulgarly called Thomaßmck, and othervvife alfo Thunghbruck^
or Tbingsbruck, a fmall town, lying on the Unßrut, and having both feat
and voice at the Provincial Diets, as alio a citadel, and above two hundred
houfes. In 142 1 this place was endowed with town-privileges and freedom.
At it was formerly an amt-office. In the year 1335
it was laid wafte by
the Counts oi Erfurt, and in 1632 fet on fire by the ImperiaUjh.
The commandery of Nageißadt, or Negelßett, which is alfo otherwife
called Neiljktt, belongs to the bailiwick of Thuririgia of the Teutonick
order. The parochial-village of this name lies on the Utißrut, containing
in it about one hundred and fifty-fix houfes, and the upper part thereof
belongs to the prefeclurate of Langetijalza , but the lower to the commandery
jurifdiclion here. In 17 15 fixty-two dwelling-houfes were burnt
down at this
place.
Great-Gottern, or B'iß:of% Göttern, a confiderable market-town, containing
two churches, a foundation and a hofpital, and which in 159B loft no
lefs than one hundred and forty-three houles by fire, exclufive of barns
and ftables.
Old-Gottern, containing two parifli-churches, Cammerforß, Clettftadt,
Freyenhejzingen, Henningßeben., Little or JVenigen-Vargula, Merxleben, Mulverßadt,
at which is a cloyfter, Neunhellingen, Opperß:iaufen, Schonßadt,
containing two parifli-churches ; Seebach, Ußhoven, Weberßedt, and ZaunrodcUy
all church-villages with noble eftates.
12. The prefedurate of Wendelstein, in which is
Wendelilein, a ruinous citadel, containing a chapel and a manor, and
ftanding on a mountain not far from the U?idrut. At this place is a ftud
ofhorles belonging to the Eleftors. The hmWy oi JFitzlebeti were long
poffdTed of this citadel, and from them it came by way of mortgage to
the family of Hcfzler in the year 1626, in lieu of the fum of 86,500
florins j whic'.i family ceded their right therein to the Eleftor jGh?i George I.
who in 1656 obtained it entirely by a ftipulation.
And eight villages.
13. The prefefturate of Sittichenbach, which borders on the county
of Mansjeld, arofe out of what was formerly an abbey of Ciftercian.
Monks, and was alfo called Sichern. This abbey was founded by the abbey
of fFalkenried, and in 1141 honoured with its firfl abbot, but in 1547 was
laid waftc, and then fecularized. From the Counts of Mamjeid it came
to the tledoral houfe oiSaxojiy, and though ceded hereditarily by that houfe
to Le-a:is of Wurni, yet after his death it reverted again to the Elcdlor 'John
George I. To this prefefturate belong the villages oi Sittichenbach, Rothen-
Scbirmhach, Great and Little-Ofterhaiifin, having parifh-churches.
Rem.

MeifTen.] GERMANY,
^
563
Rem. The two laft prefefturates were in 1687 annexed to the principality
oi ^erjurt ; but when the latter, together with the other countries belonging
to the collateral line of M'^eiffenfeh, reverted on the extindlion of
that line to the eledloral houfe, thefe prefedlurates were again taken from it.
The principality of ^erftirf, which indeed is reckoned in the circle of
Thuringia, occurs below in its order as a peculiar State of the circle of
Upper-Saxony.
The fhare of the county of Mansfeld, which is under the fovereignty of
the eledor of Saxony, belongs alfo indeed to the circle of Tburifig/'a, but
fliall be firft properly defcribed below under the whole county oi MansfeU.
The fliare of the countries of the Prince of Schicarzburgy over which
the ^XtGiorso^ Saxony exercife certain high privileges, are alfo to be mentioned
and defcribed below under the principality of Schwarzburg.
The countries of the Counts of Stoilberg, which ftand under the fovereignty
of the Eledor of Saxony, occur alio below under the whole of the
countries of the Counts oi Stoilberg.
The
Marggravate of
ME I S S E N.
§. I. 'T^HE old general charts of the marggravate oi Meijfen, publirtied
-* by Fred, de Witt, Olaus 'Johannes Gothiis, David Funk and others,
are not fo good as the fmaller one thereof, which is to be found among
the neweft general charts of the fouthern half of the circle of Upper-Saxony^
though not even that is without its defedls.
§. 2. Of the circuit and limits of the marggravate of Meiffen it is impoffible
to treat either juftly or intelligibly without diftinguifhing the times
and the fometimes lefs confined, but at others the more general acceptation
of that name. Its firft beginning it received in the tenth century from the
fort and town oi Meißen, and its limits were afterwards gradually extended.
But I (hall only fhew in this place what was underftood in the fourteenth
century by the marggravate of Meiffen. The brothers Frederick, Balthajar,
and William, marggravcs of Meißen, divided the whole of the marggraval
countries in 1382 into three parts, namely, into the Meifnerland, Oßerland,
and Hhuringia. What was at that and in the following times reckoned as
belonging to the proper marggravate of Meijen, appears from the hereditary
union between Wladißaro King of Bdwinia, the Eledor Ernefl, and
Albert Duke of Saxony, bearing date in the year 1482; namely, Drejden,
4 C 2 Pima,

^64
GERMAN T. [MeffTen.
Firna, Konigßi'in, JVehlcn, Ratben, Hobenftein, 7ViUc)iftein, StoJpet?,
Liebenthal, Bijcbofncerdn, Radeberg, Laiicnpein, Btrnjtein, Freyberg, Wof-
Uenftcin, Scharfeiiftein, Schelhiberg, Chemnitz, Oedern, Zjchopau, holberg,
Hayn, Ortrandt, Senftenberg, Finfterioalde, Sckajfli, Tharaiidt, Muhlbergy
'Torgau, Dommitzjch, Schilda, Ojchatz, Mugdn, Lommatzjch, Dobeln,
Mittweyda, Rochlitz, Grimma, Naueiihof, Leifzjiig, Colditz, Würzen, Eilcnburg,
hüben, and Geithayn, and thus the marggravate of Meißen was terminated
to the north, eaft, and fouth by the dutchy oi Saxony, or the ehctoral
circle, as alfo by Liifatia and Bohemia , but to the weft it extends at
prefent not only to but even fomewhat beyond the Mulde. All the other
countries which were under the dominion of the marggraval houfe, exclufive
of this marggravate, quite to the river 5Wif, were ftiled the 0/?t';VßW. But
this Ofterland denotes not as much as the prefent Eaft-Fhurivgia, but wa?
a part of the country of the Old Saxo?2S, which till the thirteenth century
was called Oriens, pars orientalis, plaga orientalis, or provincia Orientalin,
and was formerly taken by the Saxons from the Thuringi ; nay, in it alfa
was reckoned the country which the Eafterling Saxons had wrefted from
the Wends. Though this laft-mentioned trad: loft the name of the OJterland;
yet that title ftill remained peculiar to the country conquered by the Saxons
on the eaft fide of the river Saale ; and the Princes and Counts, who dwelt,
therein, were ftiled Ofterland or Eafterling Princes. And thus, as has been
ibewn above, all the country which the marggraval houfe was poflefled of
to the eaft of the river Saal^, the proper marggravate of Mei//en excepted^.
was named in the chancery ftile of that marggravate, the Ofterland. Now
as in this trad it was fometime poftefTed of frnall portion? of land, and at
other times of greater ; fa alfo the Ofterland has not been always of one and
the fame circuit. Between the years 1 157 and 1382 Lifatia was reckoned
in it. The Pleifznerland, between the Pleifje and White Elfter, appertained,
till the middle of the thirteenth century, to the Emperors, and though the
marggraval houfe obtained jurifdidion thereof, yet in this fpace of time it
was ftill confidered as a peculiar country, and diftind from the Ofterland,
The county of Brene, while it appertained to the marggraval houfe, was
alfo reckoned in the Ofterland. The marggravate of Landsberg likewife
belonged thereto ; but that marggravate, after having been for fome time
in ftrange hands, coming again in i 347 to the Marggraves of Meißen, it
was for feme years confidered as a diftind country of the Ofterland, and
borne particularly in the maggraval title. In what latitude the name of
Ofterland v^'&% taken from 1382 forwards, may be alfo fee n from the hereditary
union mentioned above ; by which in the principality of Ofterland
were reckoned Leipzig, Delitzfch, Zorbig, Pegau, Luckau, Borna, Gf-oitzfch,
Altenburg, Schmolln, Krymitzfchau, Werda, and Rofineberg ; as alfo the
Vogtland and the bifhops of Meißen, Naumburg, and Merfiburg ; together
with all the abbots, prelates, and their foundations, palaces, towns, markets, (ic.
Nov/.

Meiffen] GERMANY. 565
Now though all the Offerlande towns are not mentioned in this place, yet
fuch occur as will fuffice to ihevv us the limits between it and the Mcijfen.
Thus the Oßerland reached from the S>aale not quite to the Muldt, there
being a traft on the well fliore of that river, about a mile in breadth,
which is ftill reckoned in the Meijznerlande. See S. M. I. F. R's. DiJJcrtation
on the Ofterlande, publijhed i?i Krey fig's Supplement to the Hi/lory of the Electoral
Saxon Countries, T. iii. p. 69, feq. In fucceeding and more modern
times the hitherto defcribed OJlerland was reckoned as belonging
to the marggravate of Meißen, and according to this limitation, or extent,
the marggravate terminates on Lujatia, Bchemia, Franconia, Ihimngia,
the principality of Anhalt, and the eledoral circle, being indeed at this
day for the moft part in the hands of the eledloral houle of Saxony, but
is alfo fome of it in the poffelTion of the Frneßine line of the houle of
Saxony, the Counts of Reujfen, and the Marggraves of Brandaibiü-g-Ciilmlmch.
The greateft fliare which belongs to the elefloral Sax.n, and of which
we fhall here treat, is to be feen in §. 6,
§. 3. The natural produdions, manufaäures, and works, mentioned
above (§. 3, and 7.) in the general introduftion to the eledorate of Saxony,
are for the moft part to be found in this excellent country ; in particular
the important minerals, and that which is prepared from them. The rivers
by which it is watered have alfo been defctibed there.
§. 4. We know of no elder Marggrave of Meijfen with any degree of
certairty than Rigda, who lived about the year 980 under the Emperor
0/to II. To him fucceeded Eckard \. to this lafl: his brother Gu?icelin;
afrerwards Hermann, fon to the foregoing,
and next to him Eckard 11. brother
to this laft. On the death of the latter, which happened in 1046, the
Emperor Henry conferred the Mark of Mci/fen on Count Drdo II. fon to
Dedo I. Count of J'Fettin, from whom it came to his fon Henry, and to
the fon of this lafl, named Henry the Tounger, who died in 1127 without
heirs ; upon which the Emperor Lothariiis made a donation of the marggravate
of Meißen to his coufin Conrad, whom he alfo created Marggrave
in Lower Lufatia. This lafl left the marggravate of Meijj'cn to his
eldeft fon Otto the Rieh, under whom the filver mines at Freyberg were difcovered.
To him fucceflively fucceeded his fons Albert s.uA T'heodorick, and
to this laft his youngeft fon Henry the Illußrious, who brought the landgravate
of 7huri?2gia to his houfe, and gave it to his eldeft fon Albert ; to
his fecond fon -Jheodorick, MeiJJen ; and to his third {onFrederick, the Oßerland.
After Theodorick's death Frederick 'with the bitten Cheek, and elder fon to
his elder brother Albert, arrived to be Marggrave of Meißen, but died in 1326,
and was fucceeded by his fon the Marggrave Frederick the Stern, whofe fon,
Frederick the Rigid, propagated this line. Frederick the Warlike, iow to the
latter, brought, in 1422, the eleäorate of Saxof^y to himfelf and houfe.
.
His fucceflbrs have been defcribed above in the general hiftory of the electorate.
§. ^. The-

;
566 GERMANY. [MeifTen.
§. 5. The Eleflor of Saxony has, indeed, as well on account of the
marggravate as theburggravate oi Meißen, fued for two feparate feats and
voices at the council of the Princes of the Empire, but has hitherto been
refufed.
§. 6. The marggravate, as far as it belongs to the eledloral houfe of
Saxony, comprizes in it the circle of Meißen, together with that of Leipzig,
and the foundation of JVurzen, as alfo the circle of Erzgebirg, the circle
of the Vogtland, and that of Neuftadt, to which moreover are to be added
the foundations of Merjeburg and Naumburg-Zeitz. Next follows the more
accurate defcription of it.
MEISSEN.
The C I R c L E of
This circle terminates on that of the eledlorate, Lufatia and Bohemia,
and alfo on the circles of the Erzgebirg and Leipzig, comprizing in it
likewife what formerly conftituted the foundation of Meißen. A pare of it
is very beautifully exhibited in Zurner's charts of the dioceie and prefedturate
of Drefderi, as alfo of the diocefe of Grojfenhayn. Peter Schenk has engraved
both thefe chars, and Matthew Seutter likewife has copied the firü. The
circle contains in it forty boroughs, four market-towns, 1393 (or accordding
to Hewpel's tables only 1049) villages, two hundred and eighty-three
immediate vaflals, one hundred and eighty-nine mediate ones, and twenty
fovereign palaces. To it belong the following prefedlurates : viz.
I. The four Meifznian prefedturates. In the town of Meißen were formerly
feveral jurifdidions ; namely, that of the Marggrave, who was poffeffed
of the center of the citadel ; that of the Bifhop, v;ho was proprietor
of the hindmofl: part; that of the Burggrave, who poflefTed the fore part
and that of the Provoft of St. Ajra.
Out of thefe jurifdidions arofe what
are called the four prefedturates of Meißen, each of which has not a peculiar
extent of country fubjed to its office, but only certain villages which lie
Scattered up and down. Thefe prefedurates are,
I. The hereditary or circle-prefedurate of Meissen, containing in it
fifty-five immediate and twenty-five mediate valTals, with three hundred
and twenty-four villages. In it is
Meißen, in Latin Mifena, a town, feated on the Elbe and the rivulets
of Triebifch and Meife, which pour themfelves into it, from the lafl of
which alio it takes its name. It ftands partly on mountains, partly in the
valley, and belongs to the greater feledion of the towns, being under immediate
vaflalage, and likewife the feat of the four Mifnian prefedurates,
as alfo of a fuperintendency, under whofe fpiritual jurifdidion ftand two
towns.

Meiffen] GERMANY. 567
towns, in which are eight churches, together with twenty-nine motherchurches
in the country, four tilials, and three chapels, and this again is
divided into the circles of Nciu/ladt, Zfchcyl, and Zchr. The bifl^iopric
here, which was firit founded in the year nine hundred and forty-eight,
but in the year nine hundred and fixty- eight was fully fettled, and ceded
in 1 58 1 by thelaft bifliop thereof, namely, 'John IX. of Haugivitz to the
Eledtor Augußus, had a confiderable fpiritual jurifdidlion belonging to it,
which was divided into nine archdiaconatcs. By virtue of a flipulation
made with the chapter in 1663, or of an abiding capitulation, an Eledor
oi Saxony, on entering upon his government, is confidered at the fame time
as poftulated bifliop of MeiJJen^ renews and confirms the faid capitulation,
and fuffcrs himfelf to be done homage to thereupon. Alfo according tu
this capitulation both the Eledior and poftulated Bifliop and the Chapter are
to be and continue of the Proteftant Luihcrati church. Of the eftates of
the bifliopric thofe only are flill remaining to it which conftitute the procuracy-pretedturate
hereafter to be defcribed. The chapter confifts of a
provoft, a dean, a fenior, a chanter, and five canons. The burggravate,
which formerly exifted here, has alfo fometimes enjoyed princely dignity.
To it belonged a part of the citadel of this place, together with the citadel
oi Frauenßein, the county of Hartenßein. the feign'.ovy oi PFilt^enJe/s, and a
number of villages. By virtue of certain ftipulations made with the laft
Burggraves in the years 1428, 1439, and 1546, it came all gradually to
the eledtoral houfe, which on account thereof wants a peculiar place and
voice at the council of the Princes of the Empire, but has hitherto obtained
neither. Of the old citadel here which ftands on a mountain, the fore
part which belonged to the Burggraves, and the hind part which belonged
to the Bifliops, are now become ruinous, and the center or marggraval part
only flill remains, which is otherwife called Albreffchsbiirg, and in this
part alfo is carried on the celebrated manufadure of the excellent Mifnian
porcelane. The former BenediSline cXoyOitx of St. Afra here was converted
by Duke Maurice in 1543 into a princely fchool, called tht Afrarieum, the
number of fcholars, who are taught and maintained gratis in which, has
been raifed from fixty to one hundred and eighteen. Befides this there is
moreover a town-lchool here called Fra?icifcaneum. The churches in and
near the town are the cathedral,^ in which is the princely burying-vault, the
town and parifli-churcb, the cloyfter or Francifcan church, the church of
St. yf/rÄ near the provincial fchool, and three burying-churches belonging to
the head church of St. Afra, which has many others united with it both in
the town and country, and together with the provincial fchool ftands immediately
under the upper confiftory at Drefden. At this place alfo is a
manu fadory of cloth. The firft foundation of this town was began by
King Henry I. about the year 930. In the year 1545 Duke Maurice eftablilhed
a confiilory here, which was removed by the Eledor Augußus
ia

568 GERMAN r.-
[Meiffen.
rn 1580 io Drefdi-fU It is true that the Eledor Chriftianl. sgain ereded
aconliftoi'-v here in 1588, but in 1606 this was again entirely fupprefled.
In 1745
their fick at this place, and in
the Pn

;
Melffen.] GERMANY, .5,^
date in 121 6 it is ftiled a town, and thus obtained town-privileges Tooner
by two hundred years than Ohi-Drefden. This part lies to the rig'u of the
river Elhc, containing in it two market-places, which are called the old and
new. The eledtoral refidentiary palace here is an old building, which was
ere(5led in the lixteenth century, and after the great damage it fufFered by
a fire in 1702, was again rebuilt. In it are divers magnificent apartments,
but the principal thing to be obferved here is that called the grcc?i --cauk,
which vies with the moft magnificent and celebrated colledions of rarities
in Europe. This cabinet lies in the inner court of the palace, and takes its
name from \.\\q green vault, in which it was at firft kept : Thera are, however,
ftill fome green apartments here. It is thought that the Eledor yluguflus
made the firft beginning towards this colledlion, fince whofe time it
has been gradually encreafed. It is divided into feven apartments; in the firft
are feen all manner of models of metal ftatues and buftoes in plafter o^ Paris;
in the fecond is a variety of curious works in ivory ; in the third, pure filver
work ; in the fourth gilt filver plate, and veflels of pure gold ; in the fifth,
pure precious ilones, and curiofities formed out of them ; in the fixth the
arms of the feveral Saxon countries, the crown, fceptre, and Imperial apple
which were ufed at the royal coronation in Poland, and other pieces
and in the feventh fome very rare jewels, &c. In the Ziuinger-gardefi and
its fine buildings is feen a cabinet of artificial and another of natural curiofities,
which do very great honour to Germany, and in particular to the electorate
of Saxotiy, as aUb cabinets containing chirurgical, anatomical, phyfical
and mathematical inflruments, together with copper-plates and other things
worthy to be feen, and likewife the royal library. The other remarkable
buildings and regulations in this refidence-city are, the opera-houfe, the
aflembly-houfe, the flables, the outfide of which is grand and the infide
well contrived, and in which alfo are contained the eledoral pidure-gallery,
and the armoury; the arfenal, which was ftripped by the Pruffians in
1756, and under which large building lies the electoral cellar; the palace
of the eledloral Prince on the Tafchenbcrg, the palace of the other Princes
of the royal and eledtoral houfe in the Pirna-jlrect ; the eledoral chanceryoffice,
the mint-ofiice, the foundery, the flaple of the Mijnian porcelane,
the court-difpenfary, the Turkijh garden, which is fituated in the -plaußreet
; the royal foundation for Romaji-c'SXhoXic boys and girls in the fame
flreet, the academy for painting, which lies in the Crofs-ftrcet , in what is
called the houfe oj our Lady, which was inhabited by the widow of Chri- .
ßian I. Count Bruhl's palace, {landing in Auguflus\ flreet, and his gallery
of paintings at the rampart ; the palace of Prince Lubomirßii, the hotel de
Saxe, and other grand palaces and buildings. The churches here are, i . The
church of the Holy Crofs, which is the head church, and at this the fuperintendent
of the diocefe of Drefden officiates. That diocefe is divided into
the circles of Plau, Kaditz^ Leubnitz and Radcberg, but in general com-
VoL. V. 4 D prizes

570
GERMANY. [Meiffen.
prizes in It eight boroughs, one market-town, forty-feven mother and fix
lilial churches in the country. Near this church ahb ftands a Latin fchcol.
2. St. Mary%, or the church of our Lads. 3. Sophia church. 4. The
garrifon-church ; and 5. The /?owtf«-cathulic chapel near the Elbe-bridge^
which is a curious piece of architedure. In the fuburbs before the Pirna-
^iife lies St. Jokins church, belonging to the Bohemian community ; the
corredlion and orphan-houfes, with a church in them, and the large electoral
garden containing a palace. In the fuburbs before the IVilfdruf-gate
are, the churches of St. y]7ine and St. James, the latter of which ftands
near an hofpital, as alfo that of St. Bartholomew, likewife ftanding near a
hofpital ; the Lazar church, the large poor-houfe, the foundling-houfe,
the great charity-fchool founded by the merchant Ehrlich, the court
kitchen-garden, with the orangery, the Birkenholz garden, the countefs
ot Mcfzinska's garden, behind the Burgerwieje ; the iron, copper, and filver
fcunderies ; the boring-mill, the marble founderies, and the mill for the
polifhing of glafs
mirrors.
The Elbe-bridge, which joins this and the following town, is one of the
mnll celebrated in all Germany, being built of pure fine free-ftone, ftanding
on very large foundation-blocks, and confifting of feventeen piers and
arches. This bridge was on each fide widened by King Aiigiiflm II. by
foot-paflengers.
the ereäion of a commodious pafTage and refting-places for
On it ftands a gilt crucifix placed on an artificial rock, and over-againft
it two ftatues, one of which reprefents the kingdom of Poland, the other,
the electorate of Saxojiy, and between them arc neatly engraved, in ftone,
the royal and eledoral arms.
The Neuftadt, near Drefden, was otherwife called Old-Drejden, as being
older than the foregoing, being indebted for its firft rife to a fort founded
there by Charlemagne in the year 808, though it was firft railed from a borough
to a town in the year 1403. In the market-place here is feen a metal
cqueftrian ftatue gilt, reprefenting Aiigufins II. and which was ereded in
1736. From hence runs a long walk of lime-trees, whkh extends quite
to the black-gate. The Cajern building here is extenfive, and ferves among
other things for the inftrudion and provifion of about a hundred children,
containing in it alfo the anatomical theatre. The hunting-houfe, the
lion-houfe, in which numbers of wild beafts are kept ;
the riding-houfe for
the cadets, the eleftoral college, and in particular, that called the Japanpalace,
with the very rich and valuable ftock of home and foreign porcelaneinitj
as alfo the garden belonging thereto are likewife remarJcable.
In this part is the church of the three wife men, and 2. Latin fchool.
Ths Friderichßadt at Drefden lies near the refidence-town, on the fpot
on which formerly ftaod the village of Oßra. This village the Eledor Äu.-
gußus converted into a farm, and near it the Eledor John George II. in the
year 1670 founded a town, which he named Neiißadt-Oßra^ but King
2
Frederick

Meieren.] GERMANY. 571
Frederick Augußm II. Friderichßadt ; and in 1725 endowed it with a peculiar
parilli. The eledoral fcirm is ftill extant. In this part is Count Bruhl's
fummer-palace, together with a walk of trees which begins at the Wcije-
called the Scbajlrey, cv ßjccp-cotes.
7-itz-hridge, and extends quite to what is
About the year 1730 the number of houfes in Drefden, including the
fuburbs, were eftimated at about 2500 only, and that of the inhabitants at
not much above 40,000, in which number was included the garrifon ; but
in 1755 there were reckoned here about 80,000 men, or according to
others 90,000. In this city and its neighbourhood many ingenious and fine
manufadures are carried on, and wares made ; as namely, fine cloths,
ferges, ftockings and fluffs, fome of which are wholly linen, others mixed
with illk ; as alfo knitting manufadlures, lace and embroidery, Spanißj
leather, fine cut glafles in the glafs-houfe at the JVcifcritz, mines of mineral,
which make blue colour, gold and filver manufactures, &c. In the mirror
pcliniifig-mill, before the JVilfdrnf-gatc, the mirrors which are cafl near
Senfti'fiberg are poliOied. Here is alfo a moft ingenious foundery for beüa
and cannon. In the fawing of marble, as well as the carving of it, in flatuary,
in painting, and in enamelling we find here likevvife the mofl excellent
performances and artifls. By means of the Elbe too a confiderable
commerce is carried on here. In 1429, 1491, and 16 14 Drejden fuffercd
greatly by fire ; and in 1756 it was feized by the Friiß'uins.
To the town-magiflracy here belong the following prefcdurates and
country-eflates ; namely,
1. The bridge-amt, which properly belongs to the church of the holycrofs,
and to this amt appertains the villages of BlafewitZy Prohlls, Obergolis,
onehzM oi Seitewitz, Gutterße, and fome fubjeds in the church- village
of Foßendorß.
2. The Hofpital-amt, or prefedurate of St. Matern us, together with
the parochial-village of Flauen^
from which a circle of the fuperintcndency
of Dreßden takes its name; as alfo that of Lofchwitz, and the villages of
Upper and L(nver Hermfdorß, with fome fubjeds in Obergolis and Frohlis.
3. The religion-amt, together with the villages of 'Tolkctüitz and Grune^
one half of Seitewitz, fome fubjeds in Mugeln and Meißche, and the fanners
of Tracbau.
4. The Leibmtz-3imt, together with the parochial-village and cftate of
Leubfiitz, or Leibnitz, from which a circle of the fuperintcndency of Drcfden
takes its name ; as alfo the villages of Strehlen, Goppeln, Gcßritz, Torna,
Reik, Gomlitz, and fome of the inhabitants of Krebs.
2. Filnitz, an agreeable pleafure-houfe and manor belonging to the fovereign
lying on the Elbe. This houfe confifls partly of an old citadel and
partly of a new building ereded in a fine tafle by King AuguHin II. and
ornamented in a grand manner. To it belongs the filial village of Filnitz,
together with the parochial-village of Hoflerinitz, which is called a French
4 Ü 2 village,

572
GERMANY. [Meifibn.
village, and contains in it thirty houfes of an equal height and bignefs,
for the reception of the King's retinue at fuch times as the court is at Pilnitz
; as alio the villages of Upper-Poyritz, Sabrigen, &c.
3. Wiljdruf, or Wilfdorf, an old little town and a nobleman's eftate belonging
to the family of Scbonberg, who have been in pofleflion of it ever
iince the year 1442. This town has frequently and particularly in 1744
fuflained great lofs
by fire.
4. Koijcbenbroda, a market-town, in the neighbourhood of which grows
a pretty good wine.
5. Keßelfdorf, a parochial-village, in which in 1745 a very bloody engagement
happened betVv'een the Saxons, who had entrenched themfelves
there, and the Prußians, to the difadvantage of the former.
6. The parochial-villages of Wilfchdorf and Laujh, which belong to
Count Flemming, and are at prefent fequeftrated to the upper prefedlurate
at
Drejden.
7. Cunnerfdorf, Gnmberg, Upper-Kreyfcha, Lockivitz, Lomnitz, PeßerivifZt
Scbonfeldy Seyferjdorf, Wacbau, Wfijzig and Weisßrop, all parochial-villages,
having noblemen's eftates.
III. The prefeäurate of Dippoldiswalda contains in it feven immediate,
two mediate vaflals, and twenty-eight villages. In it is
1. Dippoldißvalda, a fmall town under mediate vaflalage, and having
both feat and voice at the Provincial Diets. This place lies on the Dippoldifwald
WeiJJeritz, and has for a long time belonged to the family of
Miihiiz; but in 1569 or 68, together with the whole right of adminiftration,
was again redeemed by the Eledtor Augtißus to the eledoral
chamber. Dippoldijkvalda is a Bohemia?! fief.
2. Rabenau, a fmall town under mediate vaflalage, and having both feat
and voice at the Provincial Diets. This place formerly in conjundlion withitsap--
purtenances conftituted a peculiar feigniory. Rabenau is alfo ^Bohemianhzf,
3. The noble eftates of /^fiVMört'/, Barreutb ^nd Eckerfdorf.
IV. The prefediurate of Pirna, containing in it twenty-feven immediate
and twenty-two mediate vailals, together with. villages. In it is
Pirna, a town under immediate vaflalage, and enjoying both feat and
voice at the Provincial Diets. This town lies on the E/be, into which at
tliis place the rivulet of Gottleube pours itfelf. It is the feat of a fuperintendency,
whofe fpiritual jurifdidlion is divided into the upper and middle circles,
and that beyond the Elbe, comprizing in it fifty-one mother-churches
and eight filials. Exclufive of the principal and parochial-church here, in
this town moreover is the cloyfter-church, near which formerly flood a
c\oy?i.QX oi Dominica?is, and a burying-church. The inhabitants carry on
all manner of commerce by means of the river Elbe, and the neighbouring
quarries of fand-flone yield here the fineft blocks of thatflone, which are
exported to remote places. Pima anciently belonged to the bifhopric of
Meifen,

GERMANY.
Mtlfr-n]
Mcißn, of wh'ch the Bohemian King, Wenzel 11. purchafed it in the year
1299
; but in 140H it came to the Marggraves of Meißen, who lb early as
the thirteenth century wtre for a long time in pofleffinn thereof. This place
likewife is a Bohemian fief. On a high rock near it ftands
Sonnenjlein, a fortrefs, betwefin which and the fortrefs of Konigftein the
Saxon army, confifting of 17500 men, encamped and entrenched itfelf in
the year 1756 ; but on its endeavouring to pafs the Elbe into Bohemia, was
compelled by the Pruffians, who held it dole blocked up at Ebe?iheit, below
Lilienjiein, to furrender prifoners of war.
2. Konigftein, a fmall town, under mediate vaflalage, and lying on the
Elbe. This place enjoys both feat and voice at the Provincial Diets. It
eonfirts of one hundred and feventy-fix houfes, and has a good furtian manufadture.
The name of a town was firft given it in fome records bearing
date in the year 1460. In 1639 it was reduced to aOies by the Swedeu The
S7Z
next to it, and that too on the high rock beneath which it lies, is
The mountain-fcrtrefs of Komgßein. Of this laft the firft certain account
to be found of it bears date in the year 1289. It belonged originaliy to Bohemia,
but in 1396, King Wenzel mortgaged it, together with Pirna and
Liiienßein, io Burkard, otherwife named Siir?2ad of Winferberg or of yanowicz
; foon after, however, it came to the Burggraves of Dokna, and
from them to William, Marggrave of Meißen, who ftripped them of it, in
1403, as rebellious fubjecls. Ever fince this it has continued annexed to
the marggravate of Meijfen as a Bohemian fief. In the year 1425, the old
citadel here was deftroyed by the Hujites, upon which the rock lay defolate
till about the year 1483, when it was conferred on fome private people.
Duke George, however, refuming it into his poflclTion, founded thereon,
in 1516, a Celefline cloyfter, which was filled with Monks from Oybinn^^r
Zittau j but on the breaking out of the Reformation it was deierted by
them. The Eledlor Chriilian\. in the year I5

57i GERMANY. [Mdflln.
pofiible to reduce it by blockade. It ferves not, however, fo much for the
defence of the country as for a fafe retreat to the Sovereign and for the fafe
keeping of the archives and other things of value. It is fo fituated, indeed,
that it commands the Elbs, and is able to defend the little towns below it.
There is always a fmall garrifon here with a commanding officer; and it
has likewife a church of its own with a preacher. In the year 1756, it
was declared neutral during the war and till fuch time as peace fliall be
reltored.
3. Dohna, in ancient records called Donyn, Doni/i, Dona, Dhona and
Dor.aUy an open, little town under mediate vaffalage and confiftlngof about
one hundred houfes. This place lies on the Muglitz and partly alfo on a
hill called the Tafchenberg. It enjoys both feat and voice at the Provincial
Diets, and, exclufive of the principal and parochial-church here, contains
moreover a church near the hofpital. In the years i6q8, 1611, 1663,
and likewife at other times, it fuffered great damage by fire.
On the mountain-citadel near it are ftill to be feen fome traces of the old
burg or fort of Dohna, which was the original feat of the ancient and celebrated
Burggraves of that name, 'who ftill continue to flourifli in the
Kingdom oi Prußa, The Marggrave William oi Meißen deprived them of
this fort in the year 1403, and razed it. The Eledlor of Saxony holds
one half of the citadel, with its appurtenances, as a fief of the crown of
Bohemia.
4. Gottkuhe, a fmall mine-town, having both feat and voice at the Provincial
Diet, and whofe council, on account of the houfes in it, is under
immediate vaffalage; but to its prefedurate belong the upper and hereditary
jurifdidfion. This place is alfo a Bohemian fief.
5. BerggiefzJjubel, another fmall mine-town, under immediate vaffalage,
and having feat and voice at the Provincial Diets, together with a mineoffice.
At this place is an acid-fpring called the Friderichprunn^ as alfo a
warm bath known by the appellation of the JohnGeorge bath.
6. lÄebßadt, a fmall town and citadel, in an agreeable fituation in a fine
'
valley, and being a noble eftate. This place, after repeated changes of its
owners, was purchafed, in the year 1751, by the commiffion-council of
Franconia.
7. Baretißein, or Benißein, a pretty little town, with a citadel belonging
to it, lying on the Muglitz, and which, in the year 1734, confifted of
fifty-four houfes. This place is a Bohemian fief. In 1495, Dr. Peter, of
Barenßein, with the confent of Duke William, founded a market-town near
his citadel here, on which Duke G-eorge conferred town-privileges. Towards
the middle of the feventeenth century, Barenßein came, after a thirty years
fequeftration, to Wolfgang of Liittichau, but in the century after to Hans
Henry oi Schonberg, and by virtue of his teftament, in 17 11, to the Count
•Qi Hohendorf. In the years 1622, 1630, 1669, 1723 and 1738, it fuffered

Meiflen.]
fered great damage by fire.
is alfo a tin-mine.
GERMANY.
Near it is a village of the fame name, and here
8. Schmiedeberg on the Weißritz, a fmall town and nobleman's eftale, belonging
in part to the Lord of Bulaiv.
g. Weefenßein, or Wejenfleiuy a village, containing a nobleman's eftate and
citadel, and belonging to the family of Biinau. The citadel has a chapel
and preacher of its own. This place is a Bohemian fief.
10. Great-Sedliz, a village, with an eledloral domain and citadel belonging
to it, which is united into one parifli with Dohfia. The citadel here was
conftrudled on a fine plan by its former owner, Count Augtißm Chrißopher
oi Wackerbarthy and had a beautiful pleafure-garden likewife ereäed near it.
11. Zehißa, an eftate of Count Bruhl's, with a citadel and familychurch.
12. Cotta, La?igef7hemer/dorf, Maxett, Ottendorf, Reinhardfg>immay
Rohrfdorf 2iVidi Struppen, all parochial-villages with nobiemens eftates. Gamigy
Ziifchendorf, and other noble eftates with villages.
13. Between the above-mentioned village of Cotta and the village of
Rothwernjdorf, is dug at the Gottlenbe the fined Pima fand-ftone, which is
found extremely proper for the tendcreft fort of ftatuary work, for which
purpofes alone it is dag.
14. The feigpiory of Laiienliein, which is under immediate vafTalage,
and ever fince the year 152 1 has appertained to the noble family of Bwiaii.
This feigniory comprizes in it,
1. Lauenßei?!, anciently called La'we?ißein, or Lowenßein, a fmall town-.
Near it was formerly dug a rich tin and iron-mine ; and here has alfo been
difcovered a jafper-quarry, which has continued ever fince unworked, partly
becaufe the jafper in it is too brittle and partly becaufe it defrays not the expence.
This place is a Bohemian fief.
2. New-Geyjzi)7g, a fmall town, feated in a valley between mountains,
and parted by what is called the Geyfzing s-hrook from Old-Geyfzitig, which
belongs to the prefedurate of Altenberg in the circle of the Erzgebirg, At
this place is a mine-office belonging to the family of Bunau, which has the
direction of the tin-mine here.
3. A part of the mine-town of Zienivald, which ftands on Bohemian
ground on the borders of &xo/;_y. One fourth of this place belongs to the
Lords of Bunau at haiienflein and Weejenßein, and has its own mine-li^ts,
which are drawn together in the name of the United Zwitterfeld. A fins
dug at this place.
tin is
4. The village of Furßenau and the borough of Gcttrau.
5. Lobenhayn, a village.
6. Furfteinvalde and Riidolphjdorf, both villages,
7. The Oi'lfengrund.
8. The village of Of/y?;;,
9s
The
575

5^6
GERMANY. [Meiffen,
9. The villages oi Breitenau, Bemerßo;/ and Henncrfiacb.
10. Thoi'e oi Diciterfclorf, Ruckeubayn &x\d Neudorffel.
Rem. The prefedturates of D-ippcldiJkvalda and Ph'na are by fome reckoned
in the circle of the Erzgebirg; but in the account publidied by
Dr. Schrebeni of the Eledtoral, Provincial and Seledtion Diets, and likewife
elfewhere, I find it annexed to the Meijhiian circle ; for which reafon I
have alfo defcribed it under the fame.
V. The prefeöurate of Hohenstein and Lohmen contains in it twelve
immediate and eleven mediate vaflals, together with fifty-five villages. This
prefedlurate confifts of twenty-two united prefedturates, which Duke Maurice
exchanged, in the year 154.3, with the Lords of Schovburg for the
\'t\gmoxy oi Pcnig and ZJchillen, and an overplus of 4000 florins in money.
In it
is,
f . Hohenßein, a fmall town, fituated on the borders oi Bohemia, and having
both feat and voice at the Provincial-Diets. This place conüft:s of upwards
of one hundred houfes, and the inhabitants maintain themfelves principally
t>y fpinning and the weaving of linen. In the year 1724, the greateft'part
of it was burnt down. In it is an old citadel, and Hoheußünii alfo a Bohemian
fief.
2. Neiißadt, near Hohenßein, a fmall town, under mediate vafTalage,
and having both feat and voice at the Provincial Diets. The inhabitants of
this place make great quantities of linen and ftockings. Anciently it belonged
to the Bilhops of Meiffen, In the year 1708 it was burnt down, and in
lyS^t
again fuffered great damage by fire.
3. Sebnitz, a fmall town under mediate vaffalage and wholly furrounded
by mountains. This place has both feat and voice at the Provincial Diets,
and its inhabitants fubfift principally by linen-weaving. In it, in particular,
js made an excellent ftriped, variegated filk tick, which is very llrong and
extremely proper for night-gowns and other ufes.
4. Schandau, a fmall town, under mediate vafiFalage, and lying on the
river Elbe. This place has both feat and voice at the Provincial-Diet. The
inhabitants employ themfelves in fpinning linen and woollen yarn,
floating
timber down to Drcfden, and in trading in corn. In the years 1^78 and
1704, Schandau fuffered great damage by fire.
5. ff'''ehlen, or Wehlau, a fmall town, under mediate vafTalage, alfo lying
on the river Elbe. This place likewife enjoys both feat and voice at the Provincial
Diets.
Its church is a filial of the State-church in the village of Weh-
Jen, which lies not far from it j and the town is alfo a Bohemian fief.
6. Lohmen, a borough, anciently belonging to the Bohemian famijy of
Chhmen, or Lohmen, which was p'-dlliTed in thefe parts of a confiderable
trad of country, in which weie included Hohenflein, Rathen, Wehlen, Kctiigflein,
Lilienjiein and Sehreckenßein. This tradl extended quite to Dippoldifwaldei,
Dut was laken fiom them, on account of their extortions, by
the

Meiffen.] GERMANY.
577
the Marggraves of Miißen, and at firft given to the family of the Baubc,
but afterwards to that of Siialbaujen, of whom the Lords of Schonbur"-
purchafed it.
7. Lichtaihayn, a parochial-village, formerly a market-town and united
with the little town of Scbandiui here into one parifL.
H, Dittersbach, Efchdorf znd Ulbnfdorf, all parochial-villages and nobieir.ens
eftates.
9. Rathcn, a village, feated on the Elbe, and being a Bohemian fief.
10. Ebenheit y
a place confifting of a few houfes and lying beneath the
rock of Lilienftcin, where, in ij^b, the capitulation of the Saxon army,
at the time of its furrender to the FruJ]ians, was drawn op.
The rock of LiUcnftet7i is higher than that of Kmigftein, lies over againft
it and had anciently a ftrong citadel, of which fome traces are flül to
be feen.
VI. The prefedurate of Stolpen, containing in it feventeen immediate
and thirty mediate vaflals, together with eighty villages,
1. Bifchofswerda, in Latin Epifcopi injula, is a town under immediate
vaflahge, and alfo pofTeffed of the upper and hereditary jurifdlction.
It enioys
likewife both feat and voice at the Provincial Diet. This place lies on the
JVefeniiz, being fituated upon what was formerly a werder, or iiland, and
is ahb ftill, exclufwe of the above-mentioned river, furrounded with feveral
ponds ; among which that of the bilhop is the largeft. Befides tl>e townchurch
here it has likewife another for interments. The fpiritual jurifdiction
of its Hipefhitendency is divided into the German and Wendijh adminiftration,
and comprizes in it three towns, fifteen mother and fix filialchurches.
Bijchojstverda pays only one half of the tax levied upon liquor.
It trafficks alfo in white yarn. The Mijman bifliop, Benno, in the year
1076, eredled this place into a town; and, in 1559, it came by exchange
from the bifhopric to the marggravate of Meißen.
2. Stolpen, a fmall town, under immediate vafi'alage and lying on the
river IFeJenitz. This place enjoys both feat and voice at the Land-diets, and,
exclufive of the principal and parochial-church here, contains in it another
for interments. On a mountain near it flands a citadel with a church in it
the fortifications of which were demolifhed by the Prujjians in the year j 756.
Out of this rock too a very hard (tone is dug which is ufed by way of
beating-ftones for book-binders and gold-beaters, as alfo for touch-ftones.
The town itl'elf belonged formerly to the bifhopric of Mciffen, but, in J
559,
the Eleftor Auguftm brought it by exchange to himfelf. In the year 1632,
it was reduced to afhes by the Croats, and, in 1723, it fiiffered great damage
by fire. Hard by it lies
Altftadt, a borough, on the fite of which anciently flood the town of
Jockrym. This place was dcflroyed, in the year 1429, by the HiiJJites,
and afterwards the prefent town rebuilt on the fpot on which it ftood, that
VoL.V, 4 E is

5^8
GERMANY. [MdfTen.
is to fay clofe to the citadel, for which reafon it was called Stolpe-, and ever
fince t\-\9.i Altftadt has continued an open town.
3. Neufalza, a pretty little town, belonging to the Counts oi Hoym, and
ereded by ""Job of Salza, with the confent of the Eleäor, in the year 1668,
on Spremberg ground, for the reception of the exiles out of Hungary, Boheima
and Moravia ; though at preient there is not one Bohemiaii inhabitant
in
it.
4. Spremberg, a borough, citadel and nobleman's eftate, belonging to
the Counts of Hoym.
5. Godaii, a parochial-village, the church belonging to which was
founded in the year 1076. Formerly alio it contained an amt-office of the
bifliop of Meijfen.
6. Wilthen^ Beyerfdorf, Bifchdorf, Stei}iicht'wohnfdorf, Putzkau a.ndUpper-
Otiendorf, all parochiiil-villages with noble eftates.
7. Liebenthal, a ruinous citadel, belonging to the bifliops of Meijfen ;
and which, together with its appurtenance, conftituted a peculiar prefedlurate.
This citadel is a Bohemian fief.
VIJ. The prefedurate of Radeberg, together with that of Lausznitz,
containing in them eight immediate, one mediate vaflal and twenty-three
villages. In thefe prefecturates is,
1. Radebers;, a fmall town, under immediate vaflalage, and having both
feat and voice at the Land-diets. This town flands on the river Roder,
with a citadel without, and is a Bohemian fief.
2. The Augtijtusbnmv, fituated about half an hour's diftance from this
place, is a medicinal-fpring which was difcovered in the year 1717. Its
waters are ufed both for drinking and bathing.
3. Little-WolmfdorJ, together with Great and Little-RohrJdorJ, as alfo
Lichtenberg and Great-NaundorJ, are all parochial-villages. In the firft of
them is a nobleman's eftate.
4. Laijznitz, an eledoral hunting-feat and citadel, which, in conjundion
with its appurtenance, formerly conftituted a peculiar prefedurate.
5. Grajenhayn, a manor.
VIII. The prefedurate of Moritzburg, which contains in it three immediate,
two mediate vaftals, and thirteen villages. In this prefedurate is,
1. Moritzburg, a fine citadel and hunting-feat, ereded, in the year 1542,
by the Eledfor Maurice, but which received great improvements from King
Augujtus II. in 1698. This place was for a longtime likewife called DianenbuKg.
Clofe by it lies,
2. EiJeJiberg, a market-town.
3. Nauenhcf', a parochial- village with a nobleman's eftate.
IX. The prefedurate of Grossenhayn, containing in it fifty-nine immediate,
eleven mediate vaftals, and one hundred and feventy-three villages.
Am.ong them is,
4
I. Hayn,

.
MeilTen,]
GERMANY.
1. Hayn, or GroJfe?ihayn, a town under immediate vallalage and belonging
to the wider ieiedion of towns. This place lies on the Roder, and fince
the great fire which reduced it almofl; wholly to a(hes in the year ]744,
has been regularly rebuilt. In it, exclufive of the principal church, ftands
moreover the Monks church here, together with another, as aUb a good
Latin fchool. It is hkewife the feat of a fuperintendency, the fpiritual
jurifdidtion of which is divided into the circles of Senftenberg-Fijifteyucald,
Mublberg, Ortrand-Eifteywcrd, Zabeltitz and Radeburg-Lampertfivald, and
comprizes in it eight boroughs, two market-iowns, forty-eight motherchurches
in the country and thirty-fix filials. Here are alfo fome manufactures
of cloth, ftockings and gloves : and a fine green colour is likewife prepared
here, which in foreign countries is known by the name of ä/aw; green.
The citadel which formerly ftood here was laid watlic, in the year 1540, by
fire. The woad-trade likewife fiouriilied much once at this place, it being
which came out of Thuringia.
the flaple for that part cf it
2. Ortrand, a fmall town, under immediate vallalage, and having both
feat and voice at the Provincial-Diets. This place lies on the nver Pu/ffiitz.
Formerly alfo it contained a citadel and a peculiar amt-office.
3. Elfterurfda, a fmall town, fituated on the Black El/ter, with a citadel
belonging to it, which ever fince the year 1727, has been a fovereign domain.
This place is held in fief of the crown oi Bohemia.
4. Radeburg, likewife a fmall town, fituated on the i^o^T^r, with a citadel
in it, and belonging atprelent to the Princefs Sophia Chrijl. Charl. Frid. Erd^
tnutha of Najau-Saarbruck, who is alfo Countefs by birth of Evbach.
Muckenberg, a borough and nobleman's eflate, belonging to the famih'
5.
of Lonvejidnl. The church here is a filial ofthat at Bockis^itz. To this nobleman's
feat belong five villages. The eledoral-houfe receives it in fief
from Bohemia.
6. Crakau, in old records called Krocka, a market-town and a nobleman's
eftate, belonging at prefent to the Schaffer family. In the year 1745, this
place fufifered
great damage by fire.
7. Zabeltitz, a parochial-village and nobleman's eftate, belonging at pre^
fent to the Counts ol Wackerbarth. This place alfo is a Bohemian Si'^tL
8. Kalkreut y a fovereign manor, containing a ftud of horfcs and a
pheafantry
9. Cofelitz, Frauenhayn, Glaiibitz, Merfchioitz, Oclfnitz, Roden?, Saathayn,
Sacca, Schofifeld, Sckaßa, Seufzlitz, Strauch, Walda, all parochialvillages
with noble efi:ates. The fecond, third and feventh of thefe places
are likewife Bohemian fiefs.
10. Zeitbayn, a parochial-village, belonging to the Counts oi Wolferjdorf,
and famous for the pleafure-£amp which King Augußus II. made there in
the year 1730, at the expence of five millions of rixdollars. On the.fpot
which is uled for this camp and the exercifing of the army, are eredted fix:
4 E 2 large
579

.
^80 GERMANY, [MeifTen,
large pyramids, and medals have likewife been ftruck upon it, and a grand
reprefentation thereof engraved in copper.
X. The prefefturate of Senftenberg, containing in it three immediate,
three mediate vallals, and twenty-nine villages. This prefedurate belonged
who
formerly to the Loioer-Lufatia and appertained to the family oi Polenz,
dilpofed of it, in the year 1446, to the Eitöior Frederick, upon which it
was added to the marggravate of Meißen. In it is,
1. Senftenberg, a town under immediate vallalage and having both feat and
voice at the Provincial-Diets, together with a citadel which is environed with'
ditches and ramparts. This place is likewife a Bohemian fief.
2. Fridericbflhal, an eledtoral manufaclory for the making of mirrourswhich
¥J\ü§Augulhis\l. caufcd to be built, and in which looking-glafTes of
an extraordinary iize and beauty are made. Some pieces are caft here which
are from ninety to one hundred inches big. Thefe mirrours are polilhed
at Drejdeti.
XI. The prefe6turate of Finsterwalda, containing in it feven villages.
This prefedurate lies in the Loioer-Liifatia, but fo early as the fifteenth
century was a- part of the marggravate of Metfen ; and, in the years 1436,
144^ and 14H6, came into the divifions of the eledtoral houfe. For fome
time the family of Minkwitz, and after them that of Dieskau, were poffeiTed
of this prefedturate 3 but the latter difpofed of it, in 1625, to the
Eledor Jr)hn George I. Afterwards it belonged to the Merjehurg collateralline
of the eledoral houfe, on the extinction of which it came again to the
principal line. In it is
Finßerivalda,
a fmall town with a citadel, but formerly bigger, better and'
more thriving than at prefent. This place is a Bohemian fief.
XII. The prefedlurate of Muhlberg, containing in it eleven immediatCi
fix mediate vaflals, and forty-nine villages. Among them is,
1 Mublberg, atown, fituated on the Elbe and under immediate vafTalage.
This place enjoys both- feat and voice at the Land-diets. In the old town
flnnds an ancient citadel and a church, and in the new town here is alfo
aaother church, which ferves likewife for interments, and 0. Latin fchool..
Muhlberg, together v^ith its appurtenances, anciently conflituted a feparate
feigniorv. Not far from this place, on the heath of Lochau, the
FJedlor 'John Frederick, in the year 1547, was vanquidied and made pri--
foner by the Emperor Charles V. This place is alfo a Bohemian fief.
2. Borfcbutz and Schnvetitz, two electoral, farms.
3. Kreynitz, a parochial-village and nobleman's eflate-.
XIII. The prefedturate of Torgau, containing in it twelve immediate
and forty-five mediate vaiTals, with fixty- eight villages. In it we /halli
remark,
I .
Torgau, a town under immediate vafTalage, and belonging to the fefTcr
fcledlion of towns. Tliis place lies on the Elbe, from which, in the year
1756, at the command of the King of Prujia, a ditch was carried round it
and)

Meiffen.] GERMANY. 581
and the town itfelf alfo fortified. It is the feat of a fuperintendency, containsin
it two churches, a priory and an orphan-houfe, in which is a church, as alfo
a Latin fchool and manufadtures of cloth, velvet and filk. The fine citadel
of Hortenfels, which ftands without the town, has a feparate church of its
own. "Toj'gau was anciently the head place of a peculiar feigniory, which
paffed in fief from the Eleä:ors of Saxony of the Jljcanian line. In the year
1530, the feventeen T'orgau articles of the Proteftantdodrine were prefented
at this place to the Eleftor fohn ; and, in i 576, the "Jorgau writing was
made here, out of the Swabian Concordat and the Maulbrun Formula ; from
which writing, the year following, the Formula Concordirv was drawn up at
Kloßer- Bergen. In the year 1745, the Pn/^/*-;;« pafled the £/i^^ here; in
1756 they fixed their military direclorium at this place ; and, in 1757, for
th'e fecurity thereof, broke down the ingenious wooden bridge thrown over
the Elbe.
2. Schilda, an open little town, under immediate vaflalage and having
both feat and voice at the Provincial-Diets. This place was ereded into
& town about the )ear 1
170.
3. Dom7n!tzlch, a fmall open town, having both feat and voice at the
Land-diets ; but the amt-office is polTefled of the upper and hereditary jurifdidion
over it. Ac this place lilcewife is a commandery of the Teiitonick
order, which belongs to the bailiwick of Saxonv.
4. Btlgern, one of the oldefl towns in al4 Meißen and lying on the li.'cr
Elbe. This place is fmall, but enjoys both feat and voice at the Landdiets
, and the council here is poflcfTed of the upper and hereditary jurifdidion
by way' of form. Beigem belonged formerly to the billiopric of
Würzen.
5. Repitz, or Ropitz, an eledoral ftud of horfes fituated ne^r Torgati.
6. JVeydenhayn, a parochial-village with an eledoral hunting-feat, lying'
on the heath of Torgait.
7. Cunziverda, a fovereign farm.
8. Dorrenteichenbach^ Klitzfchen, Koberßjayn and Rocknitz (a part of the
laft of which belongs to the foundation oi Würzen) together with Roitzfcb^
Strellen and Trielicwitz (the lafl; of which alfo in part belongs to the iov^ndaüon
of Scinceinitz) as MoTroJzin, Welfau znd Wefzuig, all parochial villages
with noble eftates.
XIV. The prefedurate of Oschatz, containing in it thirty-two immediate,
nine mediate vaflals, and ninety-eight villages. In this prefedurate is,
1. OJcbalz, in ancient records ftiltd O/z^T^ Ozzek and Ozzets, a town
under immediate vaffalage, and having both feat and voice at the Provincial
Diets. It lies in a fertile ipot, is the feat of a iuperintendency, whofe fpiritual
jurifdidion is divider into the upper and lower circle, and extends
over four towns, comprizing in it fix churches, forty-one mother-churches
in. the country and ninetee« filials. In this town alfo are three churches ;.
namely,.

4
582 GERMANS. [Meifl^n,
namely, the principal chiiich, the cloyfter-church, near which formerly
ftood a Francifcon cloyfter, and that for interments, together with a
Latin fchool. It derives good fublidence as well from agriculture, as
cloth-weaving, and feveral other manufactures. It was probably founded
by the Wends. In a record of the Emperor Henry IV. of 1065, by which it
was incorporated with the bifliopric of Naumburg, it was at that time
called a town. In 1616 it was burnt down, ever fince which time a
hundred building places have continued empty here,
2. Sfrehla, a fmall town and nobleman's eftate, belonging to the noble family
of iy^^/g-. This place was anciently a feigniory, the proprietors of which
Itiled themfelves Burggraves, and were likewife Burggraves of Leifz?iig.
The Emperor Henry IV. made a donation of it to the billiopric oi Naurnburg,
and this lail in 1238 in fief to the Mijnian Marggrave Henry the
Illußrioiis. In 1304 the biihopric difpofed of it to the Lords of Iknburg.
In 1370 the Emperor Charles IV. purchai'ed it to the crown of Bohemia,
but his fon ^/'d'««^'/ conferred it in 1384 on one Otto Pßng a nobleman.
The eflate here is divided into the "Trebriitz and Gorzig fliare, and the place
itfelf is
a Bohemian fief.
3. Dahlen a fmall town and nobleman's eftate, belonging to the Counts

5
Leipzig.] GERMANY, 583
"The
Circle of
L E I P Z IG.
TFith the foundation of Würzen.
np H E circle of Leipzig, including the foundation of Würzen, termi-
-*-
nates on the Meijznian and Erzgebirg circles, as alfo on a part of the
dutchy oi Altenbwg, on the bifhoprics of Merfeburg and Naumbwg-Zeiiz,
and on the 'Thuritigian and eledloral circles. Of the prefecfturates belonc^ing
to this circle engravings have been publiilied, as namely, that of the
circle-amt
of Leipzig by P. Schenk the Youngej- and "John George Schreiber-,
thofe of the prefedlurates of Delitfch and Bitterfeld (belonging to the
eledloral circle) as alfo that of Zorbig by the fame, and M. Seutter ; thofe
of Würzen, Eilenburg, and Dieben, alfo by Seutter ; and thofe of Colditz,
Leijhiig, Rochlitz, and the fchool-amt of Grimma by the fame. It contains
in it thirty-two towns, one market-town, 1056 (or according to Heinpel\
tables only 947) villages, two hundred and fourteen immediate and one
hundred and fifty mediate vaffals, and conhfts of the following prefecturates;
namely,
I. The circle-amt of Z/«/>2z^, containing in it forty-one immediate, twentyfive
mediate vaffals, and one hundred and fifty-three villages. In this prefefturate
is
I. Leipzig, formerly called Lipzk, that is, the place of lime-trees, and
in Latin Lipßa, one of the fineft and moft celebrated towns in all Germany,
lying in 51"^ 22^' of latitude, in a pleafant and fertile plain on the
Pleijfe. In its neighbourhood are fome other rivulets, as namely the Barde,
the Elßer, and the Luppe. Its circuit indeed is eftimated only at 8954 paces
but Leipzig has alfo fome large and well built fuburbs, with fine gardens.
Between the town itfelf and the fuburbs a fine walk of lime-trees was laid
out in the year 1702, which runs quite round the town. In the town-ditches
alfo are planted mulberry-trees. Theflreets here, everfince the year 1701,
have been provided with upwards of feven hundred lamps ; and, fince the
year 1742 fev\'ers have been erefted for the cleanfing of them, as aUo
many fine large houles built which look like palaces, and the town itfelf is
populous. It is under immediate vaffalage, and in the leffer feleäion of the
towns reckoned the firlf. It bears alfo the direSioritun as well here as
among the colledlive towns at the Provincial Diets, is moreover the feat
of the circle-amt, as likewife of the upper aulic-judicatory, of the upper
pofl-oflice, of an affize, of a commerce-court, of a book-commiffariate, of
a con-

5^4 GER M ANT. [Leipzig.
a confiftory, under which ftand twenty-three fuperintendencies ; of a fuperintendency
whole fpiritiial jurifdiaion is divided into the circles of Taucha, Rotha,
DcUtzjcb-Zorbig and Äniftcin, and which comprizes in it in general twelve
churches lying in hve different towns, forty-feven mother-churches in tlie
coLiutrv, and thirty-five filials. It is likewife the feat of a very flourrfliing
and famous univerfity, which was founded and dedicated in 1409, and condifts
of four nations, namely of the Mifnian, Saxo?i, Bavarwn or Francovieut,
and the Poliß:, and contains in it fix colleges ; as alio ©f two good
Lcifin fchools, namely, thofe of St. Nicolas and St. Thomas; and likewife of
two celebrated focieties, as namely, a German lociety, and another for the
encourii-^ement of the liberal arts. Leipzig is alfo one of the four towns
where the contingents of the Empire are paid in ; and likewife one of the
principal trading towns in all Ge?-ma)iy, in as much as it enjoys not only
an important foreign trade, but alfo at its three celebrated fairs, which are
kept at Eafler, Michaelmas, and the beginning of the new year, carries on
a very extenlive commerce both in domeftic and foreign wares. It is likewife
poflcfled of the fiaple-right, by virtue of which all ftaple commodities
imported within fifteen Gcniian miles round muft be unladen here, at leaft
for three da3'S, and offered to fale to fuch of the trading and mercantile
people here as are burgher?, and then for the firff time carried farther, but
to be unladen no where elfe.
The Pki/Jeiikirg here is a ffrong citadel on the Pleije before Peters-gate,
and in it, in 1752, was founded a mint. In a chapel alfo at the fame place
The i^5Wi7;;-cat:hülics perform their worlhip. In the centre of the town is a
fpacious and -fine market-place, near which alfo the council-houfe ffands.
The exchange near the Ajh-market is well built, and the roof of its hall
well painted. The cloth-hall here contains likewife the grand councillibrary.
The fix colleges of the univerfity are the Paulij^e-college, in which
is the'univerfity-library, the anatomical theatre, X.\\e conviäcrium, and the
phyfical-garden, near the Prince's houfe ;
the great Prince's college, the
little Prince's college, Peters, or the Jefuit's college, our Lady's college,
and the new or red college. The churches here are thofe of St. Nicolas^
St. Thomas, the Ncm) church, Peter's church, near which is alfo a Setninarium
Catechetariim, the univerfity-church in the Pauline-college, the church near
the corredion and orphan-houfe, St. Jolm's and the hofpital-church before
xhtGrimma-gate, as alfo the Z/flz^jr^? church before the gate oiRanfiadt.
The Calvinijis, ever fince the year 170-', have been pofl"efled in the court of
the exchequer-houfe of a large room for the celebration of their public
worOiip, which is performed in French. Mention has already been made of
the 7^ow^7«-catholic chapel. All forts of manfadures are made in this town,
gold, filver, filk, wool, and linen yarn being worked here in all manner of
iluffs, velvets, flockings, cloths and linen. There are alfo houfes here for the
dying of filk, as likewife for the tnaking of tapeffry and linnen, and the
ptinting of cotton, Leathtr and Berlin, or Prußian blue, ^c. are moreover
prepared

Leipzig.] GERMANY. 585
prepared here, and the orphan-houfe is appropriated to the culture of filk-
In Leipzig are computed about tvvent)'^ bookfellers, fifty French and Italian
mercantile and trading people, one hundred and fifty wholefale dealers,
above two hundred and fifty retailers, and many dealers in cloth. The town
itfelf in all probability received its original from the Sorbejiivcfids. Ditbmar,
in his chronicle, fpeaks of it fo early as the year 1015, under the title of a
town. According to the received opinion it belonged to the billiopric of
Merfeburgy till Conrad Marggrave of Meißen brought it in 1 134 by exchange
to himfelf. In 1519 a theological conference was held here between
Dr. Luther and Dr. Eck, and in 163 i another appointed between the Saxon
or Lutheran, and the BrandeJiburg and Heßan, or Cahiniit divines. In i
J47
this town was befieged in vain by the Eledlor 'John Frederick, as aUb in
1637 by Banner the Sijoedißi general. In 163 1 and 1632 it was taken bv
the Itnperialißs, and in 1642 by the Sivedes. In 1745 and 1756 it was garrifoncd
by the Prujians, to whom it was obliged to pay vert conuderable
fums of money by way of contribution. The larks, which are caught in
great n\imbers in the neighbourhood of this town, are much noted.
2. Taiicha, a fmall town under immediate vaflalage, together with a cjtadel
and a nobleman's eftate, ever fince the year 1569 have belonged to the
council oi Leipzig. This town lies on the Barde. In 1750 it loll twentytwo
of its beft houfes by fire. The villages of Grafodorf, Cradefeld, Plofitz
and Portitz, which are incorporated into oae parifh with the church
here, appertain alfo to the council of Leipzig.
3. Rotha, a fmall town, citadel and nobleman's eftate, belonging to the
Barons of Friefi, and containing two churches.
4. Liebertwolkwitz, a fmall town, which in the year 1 752, on the extindlion
of the family of Fu/Ien, came by virtue of a marriage with the heirefs
and daughter of the laft owner, to the Counts oiVizthum. At this place, in
1707, the ftipulation on account of the Silejian religious freedom, which
was concluded at Altranliadt between the Emperor and King CharleslLW.
of Sweden, was fubfcribed by that King and the Imperial plenipotentiary
Count Wratißaiv.
the well known peace with King Augußin II.
5. Old-Ranüadt, a parochial- village and nobleman's eftate, which with
fome other villages is furrounded by the bifliopric of Mcrfcburg, and formerly
belonged to the Barons of Friefe, but at prefent appertains to the
Cammanjch family. Charles XII. of Sweden in 1706 and 1707 had his headquarters
at this place for almoft a whole year, and concluded here in 1706
and with the Imperial plenipotentiary
Count Wratißaw, in 1 707, the celebrated ftipulation on account of
the religious freedom of the Proteftant inhabitants of the dutchy of Silcßa.
6. Gautzfch, Grojzdeuben, Grofzpozfna, Grofzftadeln, Grojzfchocher, Gulden
Gofza, Knauthayn zndLobnitz (the laft of which confifts of the court and citadel
part) Lojznig, Marktkleeberg, Mockau, Oeltzfcbaii) Paunjdor/, Podel-
VoL. V. 4 F ci-vVr,

85 GERMANY. [Leipzig.
ivitz, Rotha, Rden, Schenkenherg, ScbiaJitz, Schonfeldy Seegeritz, Stormthai,
Stotteritz, Zcbmen, Zobicker, ZweynaiaidorJ\ all parochial villages
with noble eftates.
_ . . #
II, The preiefturate of Delitzch, containing in it nmeteen mediate
vaffals and one hundred and twenty-one villages. This prefedturate be-
and
longed formerly to the Merjeburg collateral line of the eledloral houfe,
comprizes,
1. Delitzfch, or Dolitzfch, in L^tm Deliciim, a town under immediate
vaffalage, aiid belonging to the greater feieoion of the towns. In it is a
citadel with a chapel and three churches, namely, one parochial-church,
one for interments, and one hofpital-church. To the fpiritual jurifdicflion
of the fuperintendency here belong five churches which lie in three towns,
nineteen mother-churches in the country and ten filials. Great quantities
of woolen (lockings are knit here. In 1527 this place was burnt down,
and in 1661 a great part of it was confumed by the fame dreadful calamity.
2. Landsberg, a fmall town under mediate vaffalage, and near which
on a high mountain to the eaft formerly flood the citadel of the Marggraves
oi Landsberg, at which is flill a chapel. The Marggrave Thecdorkky
who fucceeded his father Conrad the Great, in the marggravate of Lu/atia
and the Oßerland, was the firft founder of the fort of Landsberg, and frequently
(filed himfelf only Marggrave thereof. This title, as far as appears
from record?, was firft affumed by him in 1180, and though originally,
and that too for a good while, it was merely perfonal, yet the Emperor
LevAs of Bavaria and Charles IV. made no fcruple of conferring on the
circumjacent country the title of a Marggravate, as appears from records
bearin

Lepzig.] GERMANY, ^r^
time, namely In tfie beginning of the fourteenth .century, from Latidshet-g,
and likevvife refiding there and at Sangerbmifen. His widow Agnes, fiftcr
to the Emperor Lcwii of Bavaria, refided for a confiderable time in thefc
parts, as being her jointure ; and Sophia, daughter to them both, was married
in 1328 or 132g to Düko. Magnus of Bninßvich, who thereby obtained
Landsberg, Sangerhanfen, and other citadels and places. But in 1347 he
difpofed of the citadels of Landsherg and Ahenhof to the A'larggrave Fredederick
oi Meijjen, in 1369 mortgaged Sangerhaiijen to the Marggraves, and
in 1372 ceded it to them. The Marggraves of /kfw/^'iv, indeed, bore the
mark of Landsberg for fome time in their title, but at length dropped it.
notwithftanding which, both they, as well as their fucceßbrs the Eledors and
Dukes of 6'rtxo«)', retained the arms thereof, confifting of two bars ^x:?/;r,
drawn longitudinally downwards (which bars are alfo confidercd as balks
and piles) in a field Or. It is to be obferved, that Landsberg again lofl the
title of a marggravate, and was only ftiled a noble feigniory ; which, according
to Horns conjedlure, either -arofe from hence, namely, that the
towns and citadels fituate in the marggravate of Landsberg were again gradually
torn from it, and the adminiflration thereof more clofely united with
the marggravate of Meijfen ; or that it was done on purpofe in order to deprefs
Landsberg, and thereby exalt Meijfen, to which laft the marggraval
dignity was referved.
3. Dobernitz, Freyroda, Glefzien, Gohna, Oßrau, Sieizfih, Zfchcj-mfz,
Zchortaii, all parochial-villages with noble eflates.
III. The prefedlurate of Zorbig, containing in it fix immediate vafials
and thirteen villages. From the year 1656 to 1738 this prefedlurate alfo
belonged to the Merjeburg collateral line of the eletSloral houfe of Saxony.
In it is,
1. Zorbig, commonly called Littk-Zerbß and ZippeJ-Zerbß, a town
under immediate vaflalage, and confifting of about four hundred and fifty
dwelling-houfes. To the fouth-fide of it ftands a citadel which is feparated
by a ditch from the town, and contains in it a chapel ; and in
this citadel Duke Augußtis refided from 1692 to 17 15, after which
his widow and daughter made it their place of refidence. Near the citadel
is a noble eftate under immediate vaflalage, and which ever fince the year
1562 has belonged to the council. In this town alfo anciently was aburggravate,
and Count Theodorick, of the line of Buzici, which flourifhed till
982, inherited the C2iiWto^ Zurbici, or Zorbig, from his parents. In 15 18,
16 10, i6i6 and 1647, this place fuffered gready by fire.
2. Spohren, a parochial-village and nobleman's eftate. With the church
here is
incorporated the eftate of Prußendorf.
3. ^letz, a parochial-village and nobleman's eflate belonging to the
family of Mollendorf.
4 F 2 ly. The

.
588 GERMANY. [Leipzig.
IV. The prefedturateof DuBEN, containing in it four immediate, feven
among which is,
mediate vaiTals and ten villages ;
1. Dubcn, a fmall town feated on the Mulde, and under immediate
vafTalage. This place enjoys both feat and voice at the Land-diets. In
the year 1 710 it
fuffered greatly by fire.
From it the neighbouring wood talces the name of the Duben-heath, but
is ahb called the heath of Tornau. In this wood is a pitch-houfe.
Not far from the village of Schnverz, which is incorporated into one parish
with Duben, is an alum-work.
2. Sollichau, a parochial-village, with which the villages of Tö/v/öz^ and
Schwemjal (in the latter of which is a noble eftate) as alfo that of Durchivehna,
are incorporated into one parilli.
3 Gorfchlitz, a village, having a noble eftate.
V. The prefedlurate of Eilenburg, containing in it fourteen immediate
eight mediate vaffals, and twenty-three villages. In this prefed:urate is,
1. Eiletiburg, ov Eulenburg, anciently called 7/fw^z/r^, Ileburg, or Ilburg,
a town feated between the Mulde and an arm of the fame river called the
Mill-ditch, or trench, and under immediate vaflalage. This place belongs
to the greater feleftion of the towns, has three churches, and near it on
tlie other fide of the mill-trench ftands an old mountain-citadel. In it too
is a fuperintendency, under whofe fpiritual jurifdiflion are two towns,
twenty-three mother-churches in the country, and twenty-one filials. The
ancient Lords oi Ilburg, who were originally common nobles, but afterwards
advanced to the fi:ate of Lords, were for a long time vcgts, or marggraval
amt-headfmen of £/A';/i^//r^, but in 1302 and in 1325 became pofi!efi"ed of
this town. They like wife acquired to themfelves by degrees thirteen other
towns, and divers villages ; but their eftate lies partly in Meißen about the
T'orgau, Bilgern and Muhlberg, and partly in the Lower Lufatia, near Dobrilug
and Sonneivaldc. The Marggrave William the One-eyed, purchafed
the town of Eilenburg, not of the Lords of Ilburg, but of thofe of Colditz..
The laft Lord of Ilburg, of the Mifnian line, was flain in the battle between
King Matthias of Hungary and Duke John of Sagan, The Pruffian
Lords of Ilburg feem to be defcended from Botho the Elder of Ilburg and
Lord of Sonnewalde, v/ho lived in the fifteenth century. In 10 18, 1384 or
1386, 1435, 1449, and 1533, this town was confumed by fire.
Battauna^ a parochial-village belonging to the council of Eilenburg, who
purchafed it in 1403.
2. Auf dem Berge, which lies before the Leipzig-gate of the town of
Eilenburg, is an eftate and freehold.
3. CoJJa, Niederglauche, Priejlablicb, Zfcbepplin, all parochial villages
with noble eftates.
4. Groitzjch, or Greutfch, a noble eftate feated on a mountain on the.
Mulde, and belonging to the family oi Funk.
5» Gruna^

Leipzig.] GERMANY. 5S9
5. Grundy a parochial-village and eftate belonging to the Baron of Ho-
and in which was anciently a celebrated caflle of the Sorbewwends.
henthal,
To this eftate belongs alfo the village oil.aufzig.
VI. The hereditary prefedlurate of Grimma, containing in it twentyfour
immediate, fourteen mediate vaflals, and ninety-five villages. In this
prefedurate is,
I. Gritfima., a town lying on the Mulde, and under immediate vafTalage.
It enjoys both feat and voice at the Land-Diets, and contains alfo an old
ruinous citadel. Grunma is divided into the Upper and Lower., in each of
which is a church, exclufive of another for interments, and the hofpital-church
of St. George, which lies before the bridge-gate. The Prince's or provincial
fchool here was firft founded by the Eleäor Maurice at Merfclmrg, but
not fucceeding there, was on the 14th of September 1550, opened here. It
was fixed in what was formerly the Augiißine cloyfler, and has a church
of its own. The number of fcholars taught and maintained in it has increafed
from feventy to eighty. Of the prefedlurate belonging to it a fuller
account follows immediately. Befides this, there is alfo a town-fchool here.
The fpiritual jurifdidlion of the fuperintendency at this town lies partly on
this fide and partly on the other fide of the Mulde, comprizing in it eight
churches which lie in four towns, and forty-eight in the villages. The
fubfiftence of the inhabitants depends, exclufive of the common means,
more particularly on wood, cloth and thread ; the dealers here in the latter
greatly frequent the Leipzig fairs, their thread being exported far and near.
This town was the firft in all Saxony that imitated the Englißo flannel ; and
a flannel printing-houfe has been founded here. The wooden wares, which
are floated thither down the Zjchoppau and Mulde, muft be alfo unladen and
expofed to fale at this place.
2. Nauenhof, an open little town, and a noble eftate under immediate
vafi"alage lying on the 5ördi?. This place, ever fince the year 1557, haa
belonged to the family of Ponickau.
3. Brandis, a fmall town and noble eftate under immediate vafiTalage,
and belonging to the family of Bodenbaujen. Ditmar makes mention of
it in the year 984. In the thirteenth century it belonged to the family of
Brandis, and after having been poflefi'ed by feveral families, came at length,
namely, in 1690, to that oi Bodenhaufen, though at firft in part onlv, but
afterwards entirely. In 1637 it was wholly burnt down, and in 1664 and
1696 again fuffered great damage by fire.
4. Trebfen on the Mulde, and
5. Nerchau, not far from the fame river, are two petty little towns belonging
to the noble family of Dieskau.
6. Eicka, a manor of the family of PßwV^^«, and united into one parifts
with Albrechtßoayn, This place was formerly a cloyfter, to which pilgrimages
were made.
7. Altenhayn.,

Among
590 GERMANY, [Leipzig.
Altenhayriy Bekha, BelgerßMyn, Dohcn^ Flosherg, Hohnflcd, Otterwifcb^
Tolenz, Fovibjcn, all parochial villages with noble eftates.
VII. The' lchoo!-amt of Grimvia belongs to the Prince's fchool of
Grimma, and comprizes in it,
1. Nimmizfch, JSimtJche??, or Nimtfcbe, a manor feated on the Mulde,
about a quarter of aii hour's diftance from Grimma, and which was formerly
a Cißercian nunnery, but in 1555, together with all its incomes,
was allotted by the Eleäor Augiißus to the provincial fchool oi Grimma.
2. Great Barda, or Partha, on the Barde, together with Great-Botben
and Hoffgcn, all parochial-villages.
3. The villages of Furßgen, Skortilz, Katitzjch, Schädel and Little^
Botbai.
Vill. The prefefturate of MuTscHEN, contain'ng in it two immediate,
them is,
one mediate vallal, and eighteen villages. .
1. Mutjcben, or Miitz.jchen, a fmall town undei mcduire vafTalage, and.
containing a citadel. This place was foniierly under the jurifdiction of
noble owners, but was purchafed of them by the E ecior Augu'hts. In
168 I it fuffered greatly by fire; and in J723 was v\ holly burnt down.
The noble eftate oi Mutjcken, which is incorporated in one parith with
the church of this little town, is not to be confounded with it.
2. Wcrmjdorj, a market-town and a hunting-feat. Hard by it lies
3. Hubertsburg, a magnificent pleafure and hunting-feat, lying in a pleafant
trad, which King Aiigußui III. as eledoral Prince, caufed to be built
between the years 1721 and 1724.
4. CoUmen, or Cullmeti, anciently called Cullmitz, a parochial-village and
cledtoral domain lying on the nvtr Collmenberg, at which in 1185, 11 98,.
1200, 1205, 1218, 1219, 1233, 1254, and 1259 were held fome Provincial-Diets
under the open fky. The wood bordering on this mountain,
which is alfo covered with timber, and furrounds borh that, the village and
its fields, is fur the conveniency oi \he par farce hunting, cut through with
avenues, one of which -ex'ends from the fmall hunting-feat of Hallaly^
which lies at the end of the village, quite to the citadel of Hubertsberg-,
about one hour's diflance therefrom.
fituate at
5. Mchlis, a parochial-village and eleöoral domain.
IX. The pretedurate of Leisznig and Döbeln, containing in it
twenty-two immediate, fixteen mediate valTals, and one hundred and
nineteen villages. In this prcfedurate is,
I. Leijznig, in Latin Leißiiciuvt, a town under immediate vafllUage, and
having both le.n and voice at the Land-Diets. It lies on the Fnyberg
Mulde, and contains in it, exclufive of the town and parifli-church, another
alfo for interments, being hkewife the feat of a fuperintendency, to whofe
fpiritual juriid.ft on belongs «he town itfclf, together with fcven motherchurchcvS
in the country and five fiiials. In this town are mechanics, together

Leipzig.]
GERMANY.
gether with manufacturers in cloth, laoe, knitted ftockings, linen and fuftian,
as alfo in hats an J combs, and the bleaching of yarn and linen. In
59'
the Mulde too is a trap for the catching of faimon. The citadel here is
called Mildenjlein. Anciently this place had its Burggraves, who became
extindt in 153B. The Eledor of Saxony anfwers for this old burggravate
to the Empire in one horfe and two foot, or twenty florins. In the
year 1700 Leifznig was conlumed by fire.
2. Dobeln, a town under immediate vaflalage, and having both feat and
voice at the Land-Diets. This place lies between two branches of the
Freyberg Mulde, and contains in it, exclufive of the town and parifh-church,
another alfo for interments, together with a hofpital-church. In it ar«
made fine hats, as alfo good country-cloths, fine linen, damafk, and tick.
In 1292, 1333, H3°' H5° ^^^ ^5^3' '^ '^'^^^ confumed and laid wailc
by fire. In 1730 it again fuffered great damage by the fame dreadful
calamity. The citadel, which formerly ftood here, was the feat of the
Lords of Dobeln. Anciently too there was a feparate amt-ofiice here.
3. Old-Lei/zm'g, a parocihal-village.
4. Hermjdorf, Rittmitz, Sclrweta, Zitten and Ziegra, all parochialvillages,
with noble eftates.
X. The prefedurate of Rochlitz, containing in it fifteen immediate,
eleven mediate vaflals, and one hundred and thirty villages. Amonothem
is,
1. Rcchlitz, a town under immediate valTalage, and having both feat
and voice at the Latid-Diets. This place lies on the Mulde, contains in it
above four hundred houfes, and to the weft, on a high gray rock near it,
Hands alfo a citadel. Bochlig is likewife the feat of a fuperintendency,
whofe fpiritual jurifdicSion comprehends under it three towns, ten mother-churches
in the country and two fihals. It has alfo three churches,
one of which lies near the hofpital, together with a burying-place and a
good Latin fchool. In this town too cloths, ftuffs, and linen are made.
It was anciently the head-place of a county. In 1632 and 1648 it fuffered
greatly by fire, and in 1681 was wholly burnt down. On the point
of the high Rchliiz mountain, or wood, not far from the town, are fome
excellent ftone-quarries, the red ftone dug in which is exported far and
near ; and in thefe quarries grows alfo ftone-marrow. Marble, jafper,
chalcedony, and other beautiful ftones are likewife found here.
2. Geithayrt, or Gcithen, a fmall town, under immediate vaflalage and
having tx)ih feat and voice at the Land-Diets. In it are two churches. Not
far from hence ftands the Wickerß)oyn church, with which a part of what is
called the Neumarkt, or fuburhs ; as alio the villages of Wickcrß:ayn and
Narfdorf,
are incorporated into one pariOi.
3. Gcringjkaalda, a fmall town, under immediate valTalage, and having
both feat and voice at the Land-Diets. Near it the Lords of Schonbnrgy
3 whofe

592 GERMANY. [Leipzig.
whofe firft feat in Meißen was this little town, founded a cloyfter, which is
at prefent a noble eftate. Not far alfo from this little town lies OA/-.
Gerifigfivaldii, a village, containing a church ; and near it ftandsthe ancient
citadel of Furßenni'ald.
4. Hartha, a fmall town, under mediate vafial age, and having both feat
and voice at the Land-Diets. Near this village lies the farm of Stein.
5. Waldheim, a fmall town, under mediate vaflalage, and lying on the
Zfchopa, over which a covered ftone-bridge is laid. This place has both
feat and voice at the Land-Diets, and is alfo the feat of a fuperintendency,
under whofe fpiritual jurifdidlion ftand three churches, lying in two towns,
together with five mother-churches in the country and one filial. The
building which ferved formerly as an Augvfiine monaftery was converted,
by the Eledor Chriftian L into a hunting-feat, or citadel, which, in
1716, was allotted and ordered for a corredlion, poor and orphanhoufe
; and the citadel-church rendered commodious for the ufe thereof.
Here are likewife fome manufadories, and in particular a houfe for the
printing of flannels. In 1684, Waldheim was confumed by fire. The
Eledtor Chriftian I. purchafed this town, in 1588, of the family oi Karloivitz.
6. Miticeydd, a fmall town, under immediate vaflalage and lying on the
Zfchopa. This place enjoys both feat and voice at the Land-Diets. In it are
fome cloth and ftuif-manufadures. In 1624 and 1672, it fufFered greatly
by fire,
7. Konigsfeldy Offa,
cftates.
Schweickerß:ayn, all parochial-villages, having noble
8. Beerivalie, a parochial-village, belonging, together with its citadel and
the noble eftate of Kriebßcin, which is united with it into one parifli, to the
family of Milkau.
XI. The prefedurate of Colditz, containing in it fix immediate, fixteen
mediate vaffals, and fixty-nine villages. In this prefeduratc we fliall
remark,
1. Colditz, a town under immediate vafTalage, and lying on the river
Mulde. This place enjoys both feat and voice at the Land-Diets, and contains
in it likewife an old citadel, near which is a large park and a fuperintendency,
to whofe fpiritual jurifdi

Leipzig.]
GERMANY.
3. Collmen, Lelpnitz^ and Zfchirln, all parochial-villages, having noble
eftates.
XII. The prefe(flurate of Borna, containing in it twenty-feven immediate,
the like number of mediate vaflals, and one hundred and twenty-five
villages.
In.this prefe(!lurate is,
1. Borna, a tov/n under immediate vaflalac^e, and fituated between two
branches of the river IVicbra. It enjoys both feat and voice at the Land-
Diet-, and has two churches belonging to it, one of which lies without the
town and is ufed for a burying place j together with a fuperintendency,-
whofe fpiritual jurifdidiion is divided into three circles, and comprizes in it
three churches lying in two towns, forty-one mother-churches in the
country and twelve filials. In the year 1549, this place was reduced to
afhes. In 1668, ninety-two houfes and eighteen barns were burnt down
here ; and, in 1750, alnioll the whole town was dedroyed. The family of
Von Borna, who were fewers to the Marggraves of Meijfen, were poffelfed
of this town till towards the year 1260.
Not far from hence lie the villages of ^////.Wz-B^r;.'^ ^ndlVenigen-Borna.
2. Frohhtirg, a fmall town, citadel and nobleman's eftate, lying on the
593
river Wiehra and belonging to the family of Hardenberg. At this place is
made a good pottery-ware. In the year 1719, it fuffered great damage
by fire.
3. Lohßadt, a fmall town 5 and
4. Choren, which is otherwife called Kohren, a borough, both belonging
to the family of Einßedel.
5. Benndorf, Bubendorf, Deutzen, Gnajidliein, Great-Hermfdorf, Haytiieben,
Hohenkirchen, Hopfgarten Kauffungen, Kieritzfch, Kitzfcher, Lubfchiüitz,
Molbis, Nenkerjdorf, Neukirchen, Priefznitz, Riidigjdorf, Steinbach,
Syra, Tbierbach, Witznitz, Wolkenburg and Zopen.
XIII. The prefedurateof Pegau, containing in it fixteen immediate, fix
mediate vaflals, and fixty-feven villages. This prefeäurate belonged to the
Zeitz collateral line of the eleftoral houfe of Saxofiy ; and on the extinction
thereof reverted to the latter. In it is,
I. Pegau, a town, under mediate vaflialage and lying in a pleafant fpot
on the river Elßer. This place enjoys both feat and voice at the Land-Diets.
Exclufive too of the principal and parochial-church, here is, moreover,
another for interments, together with z Latin fchool and a fuperintendency,
under whofe fpiritual jurifdidlion are comprized two towns, nine motherchurches
in the country and three filials. This place was originally, and
even fo long as till the year 1090, only a village. The celebrated Count
Wiprecht of Groitzfcb founded a BencdiBiiie cloyfter here, which was
finifhed in 1095, and confecrated in 1096. In the fame year alfoPf^

GERMANY, [Leipzig.
594
was itfelf rendered immediately fubjedt to the papal fee, and by various donations
greatly enriched. In 1545, Duke Maurice, with the confentofhis
brother Duke^«^z^/z«, purchafed the cloyfler of the council ofPegau, together
with the buildings and eftates thereof, as alfo the upper and lower juiifdictions,
for the fum of 9500 florins. The prefent amt-houfe here ftands on
the fpot on which formerly flood the cloyrter. In 1 644, Pegau was clofely
befieged by Torße?ifon the S'-i.vedifj
general.
2. Groiizfch, a fmall town, fituated not far from the Eißer, in a pleafant
fpot between the rivulets of Schwenke and Sclmauder, and belonging at prefent
to the family of Winkler^ who are iikewife Barons of SchwetideiidorJ . The
old Counts of Groitzjch are famous in hiftory, particularly the brave Count
Wiprecht, who was alfo Marggrave of Lufatia and Burggrave of Magdeburg^
One half hour's diftance from hence lies Altcn-Groiizjch, a village, in which
formerly was an adminiftration.
3. Schwerzen, a village, feated on the canal near Pegau, and anciently
called Schworz. In the year 1084, this place was erected into a town and
fortified by Count Wiprecht, but funk again to a village.
4. Aiidigaß, Bohlen, Elßertrehnitz, Great-Storkewitz, Medeivitzßh and
Wiederau, all parochial-villages containing noble eftates.
5. The adminiftration oiLobnitz, belonging to the Counts oiWerther, and
comprizing in it Lobnitz and other villages,
XIV. The foundation amt of Würzen, containing in it twenty-twoimmediate
vaflals and feventy-fix villages. The Sates of the Vogtland
circle, in the larger feledion, wanting, at the Land-Diet of 1718, to procure
to themfelves the precedency of the States of the foundation of Würzen,
and maintaining that the circles ought to follow each other without interruption,
and not be feparated by the admixture of the States of the foundation ;.
the latter, and in conjundtion with them thofe alfo of the Leipzig circle,
added, by way of reply, that, by virtue of the conftant poftulation, and the
thereby eftablirtied capitulation and agreement of the foundation oi Meißen,.
they were received in the above manner into the hereditary countries, and
were not to be feparated from them again ; that there was alfo a gracious
order, bearing date in March 17, to be found in the adts of the Diet of
1661, by which the States of the foundation were annexed to the nobility
of the Leipzig circle, and confequently to be confidered, in this refpedl,
as no other than States of that circle, to the direftion of which fome
alfo among them had been chofen at different times by the whole circle ;,
and thus they ought to enjoy the like privileges with them, as the province
at the nomination of the perfons of the larger feledion, and the Sovereigns,
by the confirmation thereof, had always gracioufly allowed it, and added,
them immediately to the Leipzig circle. The conclufion therefore of thefe
difputes was, that they fubmitted to the fentence of the lefter feledion :.
upon which that feiedtion decreed, by a majority of voices, that the States
of

Leipzig.]
GERMANY.
of the foundation were, for the alledged reafons, abfolutely belonging to
tht Leipzig c\rc\t, and not to be feparated therefrom; and confequently
ought, together with the latter, to take precedency in the greater feledlioa
of the States of the Vogtland and NciiPiadt circles : and here at length the
matter refted.
In the narrower feleftion of the nobility this foundation has
the filling up of one place ; and in that of the wider, of filhng up two.
The foundation has its own regency, which confilb of the captain of the
foundation, a chancellor, fix counfellors of the foundation, a fecretary
and fome clerks, and (lands immediately under the privy-council at Drefden.
Thefe, in conjundion with the fuperintendant, form the confiflory of the
foundation, undsr which ftand twenty-one parifli- churches. With refpedl
to other matters, the foundation has its own peculiar amt-man and taxreceiver.
The chapter of Würzen confifts of a provofl:,
a dean and fix canons,
I. Würzen is a town under immediate vafialage and lying on the river
595
Miilda. It belongs to the larger feledion of towns. Würzen itfelf is
but fmall, but the fuburbs here are much bigger, and contain in them alfo
the old citadel and the cathedral-church, together with that of St. Wenzelaus
and thofe of the hofpital, or burying-ground, as alfo a Z,ö//« fchool. The
beer here is reckoned equal to any in Saxony, and exported in great quantities.
We find here alfo many houfes for the dying of cloth ; and leveral
fine bleaching-grounds for linen. Knitting too is much pradifed here. Under
its fuperintendency ftand twenty-one preachers. This town, with its appurtenances,
was in old times a county, which the fecond Mi/man bifliop,
by name Volkrad, purchafed to the bifhopric of Meijfen. The eleventh bifliop
of Meißen, by name ÜZifruv]^, founded, in 1114, a collegiate-church at
Würzen, or the foundation, which is ftill extant here ; which foundation,
in 1 58 1, entered into a capitulation with the Eledlor Augußus ; by
virtue of which the adminiftration of it vvas ceded to him ; but the further
pofleflion of its eftates was referved to the canons. The Eledor John
George 1. brought it at the fame time with the biiLopric oi Meiffcn, namely,
in 1653, wholly to his own houfe; and afterwards enadted, that his
fon, John George II. and his fuccefi"or in the eledlorate, fliould polTefs
hereditarily the bifhopric of MciJJen and the foundation of Würzen. The
canons of the bifliopric of Meißen hold their yearly convention at this place.
In 1704, Würzen fuffered greatly by fire.
2. Faikenhayn, Great-Zfchepa, Kunitzjch, Muglcnz, Nitzfchivitz, Thalivifz
and Zfchorna, all parochial-villages, containing noblemen's eftates.
3 . Bohliiz, Korlitz, Kidjren, Luptitz, Kembtau and Paußtz, all likewife
parochial-villages.
4. The noble eftates of Adehvitz, Anwielgofzijoitz, or Ammeljiißeivitz,
BurkartP:ayn, Drofchkau, Goldhaujen, Hohbiirg, Lieberfcc, Lofe, MartinJ-
4 G 2 kirchen.

:
596 GERMANY. [Erzgebirg.
kirchen, Muhlhacb, Puchau, part of Rocknilz, Roitzfch, Sachfendorf^ Taufchwiiz,
Thammenhayn and Vagtßmyn.
5. That tract which formerly' conftituted the prefedurate of M/^f/;/, and
comprizes in it
Mugeln, or Neiv-Mugeln, a fmall town under immediate vaflalage, and
having both feat and voice at the Land-Diets. This place is mentioned by
Ditmar^ under the year 984, by the name of Mogelini ; and, in 1003,
under that of Mogilina iirbu The old citadel here is called Rugethal.
Old-Mugehy Jabiia and Kiebitz, all parochial-villages, together with
feveral others.
6. The cloyfter-amt of Sornzig, which took its rife out of a Benedi^ine
nunnery, and has belonged, ever fince the year 1665,^ to the Barons of
Burhrfrod, as a nobleman's eftate. To this cloyfter-amt belongs Scrnzig,
a parochial-village ; together with Pafchkowitz, a manor and Iheep-cote j,
and eight other places.
OF
ERZGEBIRG.
I'he C I R C L E 0/*
this circle M. Setitter h^s delineated a chart on two fheets. It terminates
on the Leipzig and Mifnian circles, as alfo on Bohemia, the Vogtland
^n^ Naißadt civdts, the feigniories of i^cz^/z and the principality o'i Alteiiburg;
and has its name from the mountains here, which are very rich in
ore, and in which alfo it abounds. On the fearching and working of this
ore and the other minerals here, as well as on fome manufactures, the
fubfiftance of the inhabitants depends, as they cannot receive it from
agriculture. This circle contains in it, including the feigniories of the Count
oi Scbotiburg, fifty-four towns, ten mine and market-towns, feven hundred
and fixty-one (or according to HempeW tables only fix hundred and fixty-five)
villages, one hundred and twenty-one immediate, and one hundred and
forty-two mediate valTals s and confifts of the following prefedturates
namely,
I. Of the circle amt of Freyberg ; which contains in it twenty immediate,
feventeen mediate vaffals, and feventy-eight villages. In it is,
I. Freyberg, the principal mine-town of the Lle&or of Saxony , lying on that
Mulde, which takes its name from it, and the rivulet of Lz^/te, ox Munzbach,
which after running through the town falls into the Mulde. This town is
about 7500 ells in compafs, confifts of about 2000 houfes, and in the year

Erzgebirg.]
GERMANY.
1725, the number of its inhabitants was efteemed at 60,000. It is environed
with a double waU, each of which has towers and out-works to it, but the
inner of the two the greatell number. Round it runs aho a lined ditch.
The circumjacent country is fertile, but the traft about it pretty mountainous.
The town itfelf is under immediate vaflalage, and belongs to the
lefler felection of towns. It is likewife the feat of the circle-amt and
an upper mine-office, which has the diredtion of the whole Mifnian minecircle,
as alfo of all the mines of the country, of a mine-affize, which is appointed
by the council, and from which fentences relating to mine-affliirs
are finally received;
of an upper tenth-office, which has the infpeftion of all
other tenth-offices ; of a mine-office, which has in particular the infpeflion
of the mine-works ; and of a fuperintendency, whofe fpiritual jurifdidtion is
divided into two circles, namely, into the firft or lower, and into the fecond
or upper; and comprizes in it nine towns, fifty-eight mother-churches in
the country and fourteen filials. The citadel of Freiuienßein lies not far
from the Kreuz-gate, being feparated a little from the town and environed
with a remarkable deep ditch, as alfo having a church of its own. The
other churches here are the cathedral, which is the principal and head
church, together with the eleftoral burying-chapel near it in which the Electors
down from Maurice, and many other princely perfons, have been interred;
St. P^/^r's church, S(. NljJo/as*s and that of St. James. Before
Peters gate ftands the church of St. John, with a hofpital, and St. Bartholomews
church, having likewife a hofpital. In this town are eleven preachers,
including the fuperintendant. The gyvinafmm has eight teachers belonging
to it, and in it is kept the public library. The filver mine-works here are
important and the mofl: profitable in all Meißen. It yields likewife copper,
tin and lead. From the year 1529 to 1630, the profits of thefe mines
after deducing all expences, amounted to 3,725,337 florins ; and froiri
1630 to 1708, to 9, 10,592 dollars. Freyberg contains alfo a cannon and bellfoundery;
makes thread, fine Lye« lace and lace of Tomback; and near the
town is a fulphur and vitriol-houie. Its excellent beer is exported to a great
diflance. In 13 18, it obtained the privilege, that all carriers who go to
Bohemia fhould be obliged to expofe their wares to public fale, for three
whole days, to the Freybergers. The difcovery of the filver mines he-e, in
the year 1171, gave occafion to the building of this town, which was
done in 1175; at which time the villages of Chrijiianfdorf and Lofznitz were
joined, ere(f^ed into one town and furrounded with walls. The greateft
fires it has fuft'ered by, were thofe of 1375, 1386, 1471 and- 1484. In
1632, it was befieged and taken by the /»;/»ir/fl/zy?j ; and, in 1643, briikly
cannonaded by the Swedes, but not taken ; not to mention other calamities
which it has endured by war.
2. Brand, or The Brand, a mine-town, inhabited only by miners, and
united into one parifli with Erbijdorf.
3. Haynichn,.
'
597

2g8
GERMANY, [ErzgeLlrg.
3. Haynichen, a fmall town on the Strignitz, and belonging to the Lord
of Scbonberg at JVingendorf. This place has frequently fuffered great damage
by fire.
4. The feigniory of Porfchenfiein appertains to the Lords of Schonberg,
who, in 1429, were inveifled therewith by the Eledor Frederick. The
principal places in it
are,
Porfchenfiein, or Purfchenftein, a very ancient citadel.
Sayda, a Imall town, in being in 1289, and having formerly a citadel,
which was laid wafle in the year 1634. In 1465, the town was entirely
deftroyed by fire.
Seijfc?!,
a mine-town.
Claufznitz, Kammerjwalda and Pfafroda, all parochial-villages.
5. The draining-houfe of Gruntbal, which lies on the Flohe. At this
place the copper is drained} that is, has the filver feparated from it. The
refidue of it is afterwards refined and forced. Ever fince the year 1752,
copper coins have alfo been ftruck here according to the Polißj ftandard.
The ElecSor Auguflus purchafed this place, in 1567, of the Uihmanners.
6. Cohmitz, Dorenthal (properly called Dorotheenthal) Granitz, Langenau,
Pretzjchejidorf, Ringenthal and WciJJ'enborn, all parochial-villages with
noble eftates,
IL The prefeöurate of Augustusburg, containing in it
twenty-fix mediate vaflals and fifty-four villages.
fix immediate,
In this prefedturate is,
1. Augußusburg, an eled;oraI citadel, feated on a high mountain on the
'Tfcbopa, and {landing on the fpot on which formerly flood the citadel of
Schellenb:rg, which was pulled down by the Eiedor Auguflus in the year
1567, and the prefent citadel caufed to be built in its ftead, and alfo called
after his name. In this citadel is a church. Below it lies,
2. Schellenberg, a fmall town under mediate vaflTalage, and having
both feat and voice at the Land-Diets.
3. TJchopa, or ZJchopau, alfo a fmall town under mediate vaflalage, and
having both feat and voice at the Land-Diets. This place lies on the ^JchopOy
containing in it a citadel, and was formerly a feparate amt of itfelf. Anciently
too it belonged to the feigniory of /^//Jf«/?f/«. In 1743 and 1750, it
was deftroyed by fire. Near it lies the above-mentioned fmelting-houfe of
Zjchopenthal.
4. Oederan, or Oedern, a fmall town under mediate vafi^alage, and
having both feat and voice at the Land-Diets, as alfo fome manufadures
of cloth, freeze, flannel and canvas. In the year 1709, this place was
wholly confu med by fire ; in 1733, half burnt downj and, in i753, loft
by the fame dreadful calamity fixty-eight houfes and fome public buildings.
5. Floha, a parochial-village, feated on the river of that name,
6. Rrdmavjdorf, alfo a parochial-village, having a nobleman's eftate.
C III. The

Erzgebirg,]
GERMANY,
III. The prefedurate of Chemnitz, containing in it nine immediate,
four mediate vaflals, and fifty-one viJlages. Among them we fliail take
notice
of,
I. Cbevviitz, Q

6oo GERMANY. [Erzgebirg.
it ftands a citadel. Noffen belonged formerly to the bifliopric of Me'ijen,
and afterwards to the cloyder of Aketizelk,
2. Siebetdehji, commonly called Sicbeln, a fmall town, under mediate
vafl'alaffe, and having both feat and voice at the Land-Diets. Before it
{lands a foreft-court.
2. Rojzivein, or Rufpen, a fmall town likewife under mediate vaffalage,
a-nd havin» both feat and voice at the Land-Diets. This place lies on the
Frcvber^ Mitlde. In it are numbers of clothiers, fuUerSj and dyers, and it
formerly belonged to the cloyfter of Altenzelle,
Altenzelle, anciently a rich Cißercian cloyfter, feated on the Freyberg
4.
Mulde, and in 1548 fecularized.
The ftud of Zelle and the doyfter-farm of Kaltenbom are united into
one parifh with
5. Marbach, a fine and large village, divided into the upper, middle,
and lower ; the latter of which is commonly called the Rofenihal. This
village is under the direäion of an hereditary judge, whofe revenue is
confiderable,
6. Auguflusberg, otherwife called Kafeberg, an eftate of the Baron of
Seifertitz,
incorporated into one parifli with NoJJeJi.
VL The prefedurate of Gryllenburg, with Tharand, containing
in it three immediate, three mediate vaflals, and thirteen villages. In it is
1. Gryllenburg, or Grilhiburg, a citadel and hunting-feat, lying in the
wood oi Tharand, and built in 1558 by the Eledor Augußus.
2. Tharand, an old mountain-citadel, fituated in the Wild Weißritz,
and which formerly, together with its appurtenances, conftituted a feigniory.
Below it lies
3. Granaten, a borough, under mediate vaffalage.
4. Braunfdorf, a nobleman's eftate ; Fordergerfdorf, a parochial-village,
with which ii/Wr^^r/^ör/" is incorporated into one parifh j Somfdorf, alfo
a parochial-village, and other villages.
VIL The prefedlurate of Frauenstein, containing in it two immediate,
two -mediate vafTals, and nineteen villages. Among which is
1. Frauenßein, a fmall town, under mediate vaffalage, and lying below
a mountain-citadel, which anciently belonged to the burggravate of Meißen^
and together with it was difpofed of in 1439 by the Burggrave Henry II.
to the Eleftor Frederick II. Upon this the family oi Scbeinitz became poffeffed
of it for a time, and after them the family of Schonberg. In 1647
the 'EXtCtor yohn George I. purchafed it again, and eredted it and its appurtenances
into a prefedlurate. In 1728 it was wholly confumed by fire.
2. Rechenberg, a market-town and citadel, feated on the Freyberg Mulde,
and containing a filial church, being united into one parifli with Naßdu.
3. Mulda, a parochial-village and nobleman's eftate.
VIII.
The

1
Erzgeblrg.] GERMANY. 60
VIII. The prefediirate of Altenberg, containing in it two immediate,
five mediate vaflals, and twelve villages. In this prefe6lurate is
1. Altenbergy a little open free mine-town, under immediate vaffalage,
and having both feat and voice at the Land-Diets. This place lies near
the fource of the two little rivers JVaJeritz. It contains in it hardly two
hundred houfes, of which almoft one third lie towards the bottom, but
the reft ftand on an eminence, and are called the New io"j}v. The occafion
of building this place was owing to the rich tin-mine here, which
was difcovered in 1458. The tin which this vein yields is reckoned the
beft next to that of the Englijh and Bohemian. The mine-office here has
the infpedion of this mine-work. At this place alfo has been difcovered a
cement-fpring. Great quantities of lace too are wove here. In 1531 almoft
the whole town was burnt down. In 1576 it fuffered a fecond time
by a great fire. In 1639 it was fet on fire by the Swedes, and in 1675 the
greateft part of it was for the fourth time burnt down.
2. Ghfzhutte, a fmall town, fcated in the midft of mountains and eminences,
on the river Moglitz, and taking its name from the rich glafs-ore
which was formerly dug there. This place is under mediate vaflalage, but
enjoys both the upper and hereditary jurifdiclion, and has alfo both feat
and voice at the Land-Diets, being likewife together with Berg-GufohuM,
the feat of a mine-office. The filver, tin, and iron mines here were formerly
more profitable than at prefent. But the ßlver-ore as it cannot
be worked at this place, is fent to Freyherg to be tried.
3. Old-Geyfzing, a fmall town under mediate vafiTalage, and having both
feat and voice at the Land-Diets, This place is feparated by the rivulet
of Geyfzirig from Ncw-Geyfzing in the prefedlurate of Pima. The miners
here work partly at the Neicfange, and partly alfo and chiefly at the Zifin-
•walde.
In Gey/h'ngs ground are between fix and feven mills, together with
three fmelting-huts.
4. St. Georgenfeld, a mine-town, which in the year 1671 was erefted in
the outmoft borders oi Bohemia, and in 1728 was ftill further enlarged by
the expuifion of the Proteftant inhabitants out of their {hares in the Zimi-
-ii-alde by their Bohemian Lords of the Roman-c^.'&ioXxc perfuafion. It conftitutes
properly one fifth part of the mine-town of Zimiwald.
5. Barenjeh, an eledforal foreft and hunting feat, lying on the Weiffcritz.
6. Scbellerau, or Neudorf, a parochial-village.
IX. The prefedurate of Lautekstein, containing in it ten immediate,
two mediate vaflfals, and twenty-five villages, and confifting of the lower
part, which formerly conftituted the feigniory of Lauterßein, and was obtained
by the family of Berbifdotfoi the Burggraves oiLeifznig, at firft by
way of mortgage, but afterwards hereditarily; by which family the faid
lower part of it was dilpofed of in 1559 to tlie Eleä:or Atigußm, who
Vol. V. 4 H railed

6o2 GERMANY. [Erzgebiig.
raifed it to a prefeöurate. In ^teinbachen% hiftory of the little town of
Zohlitz is to be found a fmall land-chart of this prefedurate. We fliall
remark here
1. Lciuterßcln^ a citadel which was laid in aflies in 1639 by the Stoediß:)
cavalry, and ever fince that time has lain warte. This citadel was feated
on a rock at the conflux of the Red and Black Water. The oppofite Burgberg
or OUi-LaiitcrjIcin is ftill more ancient than it.
2. The farm of Loiver-Lauterßeiti, or that called the Schweiz farm of
Ncudccky
and the Huttenfeld or Geijelroda.
3. Zoblitz, a fmall town, under mediate vaflalage, and having both
feat and voice at the Land-Diets. This place confifts of one hundred
and ten houfes, and the inhabitants fubfift principally by working
the ferpent-ftone, which is found here, into pitchers, bowls, tea, and
coffee-dillies, mortars, cups, writing implements, boxes, pipes, cafkets,
candle-fticks, fnuffers, tobacco-boxes, gaming and defert tables, and other
ingenious trinkets ; as alfo by trading in lace^ yarn, linen, and the other
rnore common occupations.
The ferpent-ftone is dug juft above the town, and farther on to the
eafl of it is found a red fpecies which is reckoned among the fineft,
and for that reafon is alfo confidered by the Sovereign as his property;
together with a yellow, green, brown, gray, and black fort. In the electoral
red quarry is alfo found afbeftos of divers colours, together with
granates
4. Rothenthal, an iron-foundery,
5. Olbernhau, a parochial-village and nobleman's eftate.
6. The upper part of what was formerly the feigniory of Lauterßein
and which the Lords Oi Berbijdcrf ^xt Hill pofTeffed of. This part contains
in it Forchheim, a parochial-village, which is divided into the upper and
lower, and in each of them is a nobleman's eftate ; Middle-Sayda, a parochial-village
and nobleman's eflate ; Upper and Loiver-Sayda, and other
villages.
X. The prefedurate of Wolkenstein cum Rauenstein, containing
in it fourteen immediate, twenty-eight mediate vafTals, and fifty-two villages.
In it is
1. Wclkenßein, a fmall town, under mediate vaffalage, and having bcth
feat and vo'ce at the Land-Diets. This place ftands on a rock on the
river ZJchopn, and contains a citadel. The town with its appurtenances
formerly conftituted a feigniory.
The Wolkmßein warm baths, or the bath oi our Lady on the Sand, lies in
an agreeable valley at about half an hour's diftance from this place.
2. Marienberg, a mine-town, under immediate valliilage, and the ftreets
of which are regularly laid out. The filver-mine here was formerly more
profitable than at prefent, but is notwithftanding even yet confiderable
enough.

Erzgebirg.] GERMANY, 603
enough. Cobalt and iron are likewife found here, and vitriol and fine fulphur
prepared, as alfo fine lace made. The medicinal bath in this town is rendered
warm for ufe. At Marienberg is a mine-office.
3. Annaberg, ov St. Ajinaberg, a mine-town under immediate vaflalage,
and the feat of a mine-otfice, as alio of a mill-office and a fuperintendency,
whofe fpiritual jurifdidion is divided into the Buchholz and Marienberg circles,
and comprizes in it eighteen boroughs and mine-towns, twenty-eight mother-churches
in the country and eight filials. The occupation of its inhabitants
confifts partly in mining, but partly alfo and chiefly in the lacetrade.
Not far from the town lies the Scbreckenberg, in which are Ibme
celebrated filver-mines, and from which alfo the Schreckenberger, a piece
of coin, has received its name. The filver-mines here were fo profitable
from 1496 to 1500, that in thele four years they yielded 124,838 gold
guldens in clear gain, and this gave occafion to Duke George to found this
town : But at prefent their produce is not by a great deal fo confiderable.
In 173 I this town fuffered great damage by fire.
About one half hour's diftance from it, in what is called the Rofenau,
lies the JVieß?ibad, which was formerly named Sophienbad, and before
that Job's bath. It belongs, together with the village, to the Count of
Watzdorf. Vitriol alio is prepared here.
4. Goßadt, Joßadt, or Jofephßadt, a fmall mine-town under mediate
vaflaiage, and having both feat and voice at the Land-Diets. This place
lies on the borders of Bohemia.
5. Buchbolz, or St. Catherinenberg by the Buchholz, a fmall mine-town
under immediate vaflaiage, and likewife having both feat and voice at the
Land-Diets. At this place confiderable quantities of lace- work are made.
6. Geyer, a fmall mine-town under immediate vaflaiage, and havin':^
both feat and voice at the Land-Diets ; as alfo a mine-office. Near it is a
mine of filver and tin ; and at this place fulphur, vitriol, alum, and arfenic
are likewife prepared.
7. Ehrenfriederfdorf, or Irberfdorf, a fmall mine-town, having both feat
and voice at the Land-Diets, and owing its rife, which began in 1407, to
to the neighbouring tin-mines on the Sauberge, but which at prefent no longer
yield any more ofthat mineral. At this place alfo is a mine-office.
The ftone-quarry ol Greiffenßein lies within the jurifdidion of the town,
and takes its name from the rough rock of Greiffenßein.
8. Thumb, a fmall mine-town under mediate vaflaiage, and containing
a nobleman's eftate. This place enjoys both feat and voice at the Land-
Diets, and belongs at prefent to the Lord of Schutz.
9. Lengefeld, a market and mine-town, feated on the Flohe.
10. Rauenflein, a mcuntain-citadel, belonging at prefent to the family
o{ Baudis. The Ele6tor ^«^;///;/i purchafed this citadel in 1567 of the family
of Gunterode, and ereded it together with its appurtenances into a fe-
4 H 2 parate

;
6o4 GERMANY, [Erzgebirg.
parate prefe(^urate, but this prefediirate in 1596 was united to that of
IVolkenjlem. Rauejiflein is incorporated into one parifli with Lengefdd.
11. Drebach, a confiderable mine-town and noble sftate belonging to
the family of Bunau.
1 2. Wiefa, an eledoral domain and a filial of Schofibrun.
13. Geletiau, Groj2.hartmanJdorj\ Tannenberg and Weifzbach, all parochialvillages
having noble eftates.
XI. The prefedurate of Stolberg, containing in it three immediate
and mediate valTals, and twelve villages. The Eledor Augußus purchaled
this prefedlurate in 1563 of the family of Schonberg. In it is,
1. Stolberg, a fmall town under immediate vafTalage, and having both
feat and voice at the Land-Diets.
In this town refide numbers of clothiers.
2. Niederzuwiiitz, a parochial-village containing two churches and a
nobleman's eflate,
and belonging to the Lord of Schonberg.
XII. The prefedurats of Gr unhavn cum Schlettau, containing
three immediate, fourteen mediate valTals, and twenty-eight villages
among which is,
1. Grimhayn, a fmall mine-town under mediate vafTalage, and in which
formerly flood a confiderable Cijlcrcian abbey for Monks, out of whofe fccularized
eflates was eredled in 1593 the prefedlurate oiGrunhayn.
2. Elterlein, a fmall mine-town under mediate vafTalage, and having
both feat and voice at the Land-Diets. This place was purchafed to this
prefedlurate in 1559 of the Lord oiHartenßein. In lyi/it fuflained great
damage by fire.
3. ZiuonitZy alfo a fmall mine-town under mediate vafTalage, and having
both feat and voice at the Land-Diets. This town confifts of one hundred
and feventy hearths, and anciently belonged to the abbey of Grufihayn. In
1708 it was almofl entirely confumed by fire.
4. Schlettau, an old little mine-town under mediate vafTalage, and having
both feat and voice at the Land-Diets. This place lies on the Tfchopa^
and contains in it a citadel. Formerly it belonged to the abbey of Grunhayn.
In 1733
it fuffered confiderably by fire.
5. ZJchoken, a parochial-village and noble eflate belonging to the
Count of Schonberg, and coniifting of one hundred and twenty-four hearths,
thirty-two of which belong to Schonbcrg, and twenty-eight to Solms-
Wildenfeh.
XIII.
The circle-amt of Schwarzenberg cum Crottendorf, containing
in it eight immediate, eleven mediate vafTals, and forty-feven villages.
In this amt or prefedlurate
is,
I . Scbwarzenberg, a very old little town under mediate vafTalage, and
having both feat and voice at the Land-Diets, as alfo a mine-office. This
place lies on a rivulet called the black-'water, and contains a citadel which
is built on the point of a high rock, and was anciently called Schicarzhrg.

;
Erzgebirg.] GERMANY. 605
burg. The laft pofTcflbrs of the town, and likewife of the felgniory which
was named from it, were the family of Tettau, who difpofed of the latter in
1533 ^" property and hereditarily to the Eledlor yohn Frederick for the
fum of 126,000 guldens. To it belonged, exclufive of the little town of
Schwarzenberg, alfo Eybenlhck and Ane, together with the mine-towns
of Gottefgab and Platten, which belong at prel'ent to Bohemia, and fourteen
villages. In this town and its neighbourhood are feveral iron-forges
and the mines here yield both tin and lead. The adjoining fovereign foffil-work
yields alfo all manner of crude and prepared colour-earths.
2. Schneeberg, a mine-town under immediate valTalage, and belonging
to the larger feledion of towns. In it is a mine-ofiice; and it ftands
on a mountain not far from the Mulde^ being likewife wholly furrounded
by mountains. It contains one town and parochial-church, as alfo a
hofpital and orphan-houfe, with a church and a good Latin fchool. In it
are made thread, filk, gold and filver-lace. The filver-mine here, which
Was difcovered in 147 1, gave occafion to the building of this towr,
which in 1479 obtained its right conftitution, and in 1481 llill greater immunities.
In 1543 one hundred and thirty-eight houfes were burnt
down here.
Schneeberg and its circumjacent territory is famous for its fiver-mines,
which on their firfl difcovery yielded unufual profit. In 1477 Duke Albert
oi Saxony dined in the St. Georgenzeche on a hewn maflive block of filver by
way of table, out of which were afterwards made four hundred centners of
that metal. At prefent its profits in filver are not great, but much more
confiderable is
the Sovereign's double fmalt-work in
Oberfchlemma, which was form.erly a private work, and in the year
1651 was bequeathed by the lart poffeflbr, John Burchard, to the then electoral
Prince °John George II. after which, namely in 1682, the fmalt-work
at Jugri was alfo removed hither. In this part likewife is Schindlers colour-work
on the Midde ; and one German mile from Schneeberg the work
oi Pfannenßiel, which lies alfo not far from Schneeberg; together with the
Zchopenthal near ^Jchcpau. In thefe works the finefl blue colour or linalt
is prepared in the largefh quantities, and exported far and near, from
cobalt, which mufl be delivered there at a fixed price out of all parts of
the country. Thefe four fmalt-works ftand firft in a general fellowfliip,
or partnership, fo that one obtains as much cobalt from the mines as the
other, and each alfo makes the fame quantity of colours, only that the
fovereign work obtains and again gives out a double delivery. Next the
partners of each work are united under a particular fellowfhip, and maintain
at each work their feparate faftor of accounts for the dividing of the
profits, in proportion to their refpedtive fhares.
3. Neußadt near Schneeberg, or Neußadfel, a fmall mine-town under mediate
vafTalage, and having both feat and voice at the Provincial-Diets.
This

6o6 GERMANY. [Erzgebirg.
This place lies in what is called the Sanfte, under a part of the lofty mountain
of the Gebirg, or between the middle, Gtbirg on the one fide and the
Scheibenberg or Widderberg on the other, and confifts of one hundred and
thirty eftates and houfes. The feventeen houfes which lie between this
little' town and the Schneeberg, and join both towns as it were together, are
under the jurifdidion of the council of Schneeberg.
4. Eybenßcck, a mine-town under mediate vaflalage, and having both feat
and voice at the Land-Diets, as alfo a mine-ot^ce. This place lies on the
Dc7Jbach, which runs into the Mulde about a quarter of a German mile's
diftance below the town. It contains about three hundred and twenty houfes.
The inhabitants fubfift by mining, and trading in lace, which they weave
themfelves. Of what great importance the former of thefe articles are to
them the experience of latter times may fliow. In 1748 there were fmelted
in the territory of this mine-office 393 7 centners of tin, and 5290 loads of
iron-ltone landed and meafured out, as alfo eight hundred and twenty
loads of refined tin wrought into balls or plates. The true and real origin
of the town is not known. That it belonged to the feigniory of Schwarzenberg,
and therewith came to the electoral houfe of Saxony, has been mentioned
above under the town of Schivarzenbcrg. At that time this place
was only flill a market-town, though it afterwards obtained the privileges
of a borough.
With the parochial-church of E-jbcnflock are united the following adjoining
forges ; namely i.T\\& Muldenhammer, ov Windifchthal, on the Mulde.
2. The Under-Blauenthal ; and 3. The Upper-Blaucnthal, both which lie
on the Mulde : And 4. The Wildenthal, lying on the Great-Buckau. Thefe
conftantly deliver many black and white, or tinned iron plates, which are
exported in great quantities beyond Leipzig to Hamburg, Amlierdaju and
London, as alfo to other places and countries.
For other matters we find in the trad of Eybenßock fometimes alfo grains
of gold, together with amethyfls, topazes, opals, aqua marina s, good
loadflones, and white tranfparent quarze.
5. Joha?in-Georgen Stadt, a town under immediate vafialage, and having
both feat and voice at the Land-Diets, as alfo a mine-office. This place was
founded in 1654 by the Protefi:ant-miners, who were driven out of the little
Bohemian mine-town of Platten, and was named after the Eledor John
George I. On the corn which is cultivated near the town the inhabitants
would hardly be able to fubfift even for a few days, but on the other hand,
their breed of cattle here is good, the women weave lace and the men
apply themfelves to mining. At firft tin only was found here, but in
1662 a filver vein was difcovered at this place, and upon that a filver-hut
eftabliflied, though at prefent the filver-ore dug here is delivered in at
Freybcrg. We alfo fometimes find here a copper-ore. Its cobalt is delivered
in at Schnceberg. Emery alfo is prepared here; not to mention
other minerals which are found at this place.
With

Erzgebirg.] GERMANY. 607
With its church are united,
The forges of Wittichßhal, which were firfl: founded by Cafpar tVittich,
in the valley hard by the Fa/ienberge. At this place too white or tinned
iron-plates are prepared ; together with
The glafs-houle of Jugler.
6. Deutfcb-Wiefentkal-, fo called in contradiftindion to Bohmifch-Wiejenthalt
from which it is feparated by a bound or meer. This place lies on
the borders of Bohemia, and is divided into
Under, or Old-Wiefenthal, which is an ancient mine-town containing
two forges,
and into
Neiijladt, or Vpper-Wiefenthal, a fmall mine-town, having both feat and
voice at the Land-Diets. A beginning was made with the building of this
place in the year 1526 by Proteftant Bohemimis. The Lords of Schonhurg
conferred on it, with Duke George's confent, the firft mine immunities.
It has one common mine-ofHce with Scheibenberg.
The inhabitants fubfift
chiefly by the mines and forges, and by their traffic in lace. Both places
devolved from the Lords of Schonburg to the eledtoral houfe oi Saxony.
7. Scheibenberg, a fmall open mine-town under mediate vaffalage, and
having both feat and voice at the Land-Diets. The mine-works here yield
iilver, iron, (jc. The town itfelf has one common mint-office with Upper-
Wiejenthal. In 1710 it was almofl: wholly burnt down.
8. Alle, alio a fmall mine-town under mediate valialage, and having both
feat and voice at the Land-Diets. This place Wes, on the. Mulde, and contains
about one hundred and one houfes. Not far from it is the white
earth-pit, out of which the earth for the Mifnian porcelane is dug.
Beyond the Mulde, betwixt this town and the Sckneeberg, lies the forge
of Auer.
9. Crottendorf, a large parochial-village fituate on the Zfchopa, and containing
an eledloral hunting-houfe. Much lace is wove here. Formerly,
together with its appurtenances, it conflituted a feparate prefedurate, which
the Lords of Schonburg difpofed of in 1 559 to the Eledfor Augußus.
10. Carlsjeld, a mine-town and forge leated on the river //v/Z^/Z'. This
place was firfl founded in 1678 by Viet Ham Schnorren, and fo named
after George Charles of Carlowitz.
1 1. Sola, a mine-town, lying about one hour's diflance from Eyhenßcck, in
a valley through which runs the Soja, and containing in it one hundred fire-r
places. Its inhabitants are chiefly miners.
12. Hundßubel, a fmall mine-town containing a church, which is a fil'al
to that of Barenwalda.
i-^. Bocka, or Buckau, a mine-town confifling of about one hundred
and forty houfes.
14. Oberfchlemma, a parochial-village of feventy-five fire-places, and
joining immediately to the Schneeberg. In this place is the above-defcribed
5
double

.
6o8 GERMANY, [Erzgebirg.
double electoral fmalt-vvork.
To the church here that of Khjierlein, where
the Emperor Frederick founded a cloyfter in 1173, is a filial. This place
alfo together with Zella,
belongs to the family of Wolferfdorj\
15. Schofiheyda, a parochial-village, which is the property of the noble
family of Planitz. It has arrived to its very thriving condition by means
of the lace, iron-plates and v/ares fold here. Hard by it lies the foundery of
Schonheyda.
XIV, The prefedurate of Wiesenburg, containing eighteen villages.
The Eledtor fohn George \. purchafed this prefedurate in 1618 of the
council of ZuvVy^^«.* But the Eledlor ^0/6;/ Gfcr^^ II. fold it again in 1664
to Philip Lewis, Duke of Holßein-Sonderhurg, whofe line from thence obtained
the title of Wiejeyiburg. Duke Leopold, of Holdßein-JViefenburg, in
whom this line became extind:, fold it again in 1725 to the eledloral houfe.
In it is,
1. Wiejenburg, a citadel lying on the Mulde.
2. Kirchberg, a fmall town of about two hundred houfes, and which
in the thirty years war fufFered great damage by fire. At this place is a
manufadure of cloth.
3. Z/chorlau, a mine-town feated about half an hour's diftance from the
Schneeberg, on the rivulet of that name, and containing one hundred and
forty dwelling-houfes.
With this town are united into one pariOi Neidhardßhal, not far from the
Mulde; a foundery commonly called the Schiocfelhutte;
the Schindler {mzltmill,
lying on the Mulde ; Albeniau, a nobleman's eftate and manor ; and
Burckhardfgrun
exclufive of the parfonage and fchool-houfe.
5. Schonau, alfo a parochial-village and manor.
XV. The prefedlurate of Zwickau cum Werdau, containing in it
4. Hirfchfeld, a parochial-village confifting of eighty-fix dwellinghoufes,
thirty-fix immediate vafi*als, twenty mediate ones, and one hundred and
twenty-one villages. In it are fome pits of fi:one-coal which lie between
Planitz, Bockwa and Wilka, as alfo fome free-ftone quarries not far from the
coal-fhaft oi Planitz ; marble and lime-ftone in the feigniory oi Wildenfels ;
quarries of filver at Weijzbach, and in its territory rock-quarries not far from
Zwickau, and in the trad of Planitz. The places to be remarked
here are,
I. Zwickau, in the oldeft records called Zwickotoe, but commonly in
Latin, through miftake Cygnea, or Cygnavia, a town under immediate vaffalage,
and belonging to the narrower feledion of towns. It is the lafl: of
the four prefiding towns, lies on the river Mulde, is one of the largeft
towns in all Meifen, has a citadel, which is feparated from it by a ditch,
and is called Oßerftein ; as alfo a church which lies in the upper part of the
town, together with another in the lower part, and a third in the lower
fuburbs.

Erzgebirg.] GERMANY. 609
luburbs, a good Latin fchool, in the library belonging to which are above
20,000 volumes, and a fuperintendency whole fpiritual jurifdiclion is divided
into three circles, in which are fifteen boroughs and mine-towns, together
with fixty-fix mother and filial churches in the country. At this
place is alfo a manufadture of cloth. They likewife make here great numbers
of cards (an inftrumcnt indifpenfably neceffary to the feveral handy-crafts
and manufaclurcrs who deal in wool, hair, cotton and flock-filk) as alfo
good fole-leather. The trade carried on here is in thefc cloths, cards and foleleather,
and they trallic likewife in deal, iron, ftone-coals, fand-fione, marble,
fliiver and corn. The town itfelf was anciently an Imperial city, but in
1^08 chofe the Landgrave and Marggrave, Frederick with the bitten Cheek
for its protedor, upon which it fell entirely under the marggraval fovereignty.
In 1530 a mint-office w^as founded -here, which in 1534 was
again removed to Sch?ieeberg, and from thence to Drejden. In 1602 a confiftory
was eredted at this place, which is called both the Ziinckau and
/'C;^//(rW confiflory : But this in fix years afterwards was fupprefied, and
annexed to the confiflory oi Leipzig. Jn 1383 and 1387 Zivickau fuffcred
great damage by fire.
2. Werdau, a fmall town under mediate jurifdidion, and which was purchafed
by the Eledlor Fredericii of the Burggrave of Dohna. This place at
firll: had feparate officers of its own, but was afterwards annexed to the
prefeifturate of Zivickau. In 1504 it was entirely burnt down, in 1547
plundered and fet on fire, and in 1671, together with the citadel, again
confumed by the fame dreadful calamity. In it are manufactures both of
cloth and fluff.
3. Crimmitzjchau, a fmall town, having both feat and voice at the Land-
Diets, and lying on \k\tFleiJe. In this town are manufactures of fluffs and
linen, as alfo a dyery, a flaneland calamanco-printing. Its name has hitherto
been found for the firfl: time under the year 12 12, at which time a family
was ftiled from it, which appears to have become extinö towards the clole
of the 13th century ; at leaft fo early as the year 1291 the Lords of SlI.wiburg
were in pofieilion of this little town, and in 1414 it was fubjeft to the
marggraval fovereignty. In 1430 it was reduced to allies by the Bohemians.
In 1457 it was no longer under the Lords of Schonbiirg, but under the
LoxA% Retiffl'n oi Planen. In 1468 it was again wholly burnt down. In
1472 it was no longer in the iurifdiftion of the Lords Rciiffcn, but under
that of the eleftoral houfe oi Saxony, which kept its Amt-men, or officers
at this place, but foon after mortgaged it, though in 1500 it redeemed
it again, and ceded it in 1524, with a right of redemption, to EkrcnfrieJ
'vcn E>;de ; but in 1528 conferred it as an hereditary male-fief on Hans of
Weifjenbacb. In 1583 it came to the hm\\y oi Eifißedel, in 1605 to that of
Starfckadel^ next to the houfe of Bofen, and afterwards to that of BerbiJdorj,
which is ftill in pofieffion thereof.
Vol. V. 4 I 4. Franken-

6io GERMANY. [Vogtland.
4. Frankenhaufen, Gablenz, Langenheßn, Lauterbach, Lichtentlmina^
Marienthal, Mojel, Newnark, Oeljhitz, Flanitx, Schojtfeh, Stangengrun,
Steinpleijz, Trinzig, and Ziegelheim, all parochial villages, having noble
eftates ;
together with Schiveinßurg likewife a noble eftate.
if. The feigniory of IVildenfeh belonged anciently to the Dynaßce of
Wildenfeh, who were ftiled from it, and were States of the Empire, as alfo
of the circle of Upper-Saxony, but became extind in 1600: Upon which
this eleäoral Saxon fief devolved to a line of the Counts of Sohns-Laiibach,
which ftiled itfelf from it, and on account thereof belonged to the firft
clafs of the eleftoral Saxon province. The arms of the feigniory are a
rofe fable, in a field Or. The Eleftor of Saxony anfwers for it to the Empire
for each Roman month in one horfe and two foot, or twenty florins.
To it
belongs,
*^
Wildenfeh, a fmall town and citadel, flanding on a mountain j together
with
The parochial- villages of TFeifzbach, Hermerfdorf and Reinjdorf, as alfo^
twenty-eight houfes in that of Zjchoken-, and likewife the villages oi Hartenfdcrf&x\A
Orthmanjdorf.
6. The Imperial Counts of Schonburg are, on account of their feigniories,
alfo referred to the prefcfturate of Zw/Vy^czz^ ; but as they more properly
belong to the circle-ftates of Vpper-Saxony, I wave the defcription of their
leisniories till we come to the end of that circle.
THIS
^he
Circle of the
r o G t: L A N n.
circle terminates on thatof theErz^c?;^/';-^,
Bohemia, the principality
of Cidmbach, and the fhare of the Counts of Renffen in the Vogtland,
and contains in it fifteen towns, and three hundred and twenty-three (or
according to Hcmpd's tables only two hundred and fixty-fix) villages, together
with twenty-three immediate, and one hundred and thirty-two mediate
vaflals.
It comprizes in it that part of the Vogtland which appertains to the electoral
houfe. I fhall not however here treat of the Vogtland in general, but below
under the fliare which the Counts o^ Reujfen are ftill poflefTed of. This
circle, with other countries, was by the teftament of the Elector fohn-
George \. conferred on his youngeft fon Duke Maurice, who was the
founder of the collateral line of Zeitz ; huX in 1718, after the death of
Duke

Vogtland.] GERMANY. 6ir
Duke Maurice William^ came again together with his other countries to
the eledoral houfe. To it belong the three following prefedurates : viz.
I, The prefedurate of Voigtsberg, containing in it ten immediate,
fifty-four mediate vaflals, and one hundred and twenty-feven villages. In
this
prefedurate is
1. Voigtjbergy in fome ancient records written Foigtßurg, a mountaincitadel,
concerning which it is falfely pretended that it was built long before
the birth of Chriß, and after the manner of the Romans, whereas
it is wholly Gothick. According to the conjedlure of fome it was fir(t
built, as was alfo Oclfiiitz, by the Sorben-Wends, and obtained its prefent
name from the vogts of the Empire. Ina writing of 1349, which was
addreffed to the Emperor Charles IV. by all
the vogts of Weyda and Plauen^
it is faid that both they and their predeceiTors had been in polTeffion of the
citadel of Voigtjherg as an Imperial fief In 1356 they loft the feigniory
of Voigtjhrg in the war with the Landgraves of Thuringia, but obtained
it again in 1547; though together with Plauen it was again mortgaged in
1560, and alfo fully ceded in 1569 to the eledoral houfe of Saxony. At
the citadel is the feat of the amt-office. Beneath it lies
2. Oeljhitz, a town, under immediate vaflalage, and having both feat
and voice at the Land-Diets. This place ftands on the Eljier, and contains
in it about three hundred and eighty fire-places and two fuburbs, exclufive
of the principal church, as alfo of a hofpital church, and another fmall
one for interments, and is likewife the feat of a fuperintendency, the fpiritual
jurifdidion belonging to which is divided into the upper and lower circle,
and comprizes in it five towns, together with twenty mother churches in the
country, and three fihals. In the years 1430, 1519, 1632, and 172c,
it was wholly deftroyed by fire. Oelfnitz has always belonged to the
feigniory of the Voigtjherg^ and near it in the Elßer is a pearl-fifliery.
3. Adorfs a fmall town, having both feat and voice at the Land-Diets,
and likewife lying on the El/hr. This place too has always belonged to
the feigniory of the Fo/^g-^/Z-r?-^. In 171 1 it was almoft wholly dellroyed
by fire.
4. Mark-Neuhrchen, oi fimply Keukirchen, in ancient records ftiled in
Latin 'Neofanum, a fmall town, under mediate valfalage, and having both
feat and voice at the Land-Diets. The dealers in fiddles here travel far and
jiear with their wares. The Barons of Schlick have been for fome time pall
pofTefi^ed of this place.
5. Schoneck, a finall free town under immediate vafialage, and which
only with refpect to its woods and the rents arifing from what was formerly
the Hof-felde, belongs to the prefedurate of the Voigtjberg. It ftands on
an eminence, and contains about one hundred and

6i2 G E R M A N T. [Vogtland.
fubjeä: to him, fome very extraordinary immunities, as namely equal privileges
and rights with the Bohemian town o^ Ellnbogen ; among which this
is chiefly to be remarked, that it pays no exaäions to its Sovereigns, but
prefents them only, when they vifit it in perfon, once a year, in a new
wooden bowl, with five pound weight of hellers. This immunity Schoneck
enjoys to this day, and it was confirmed to it as well by the Bohemian King
Wenzel, as alfo in 1424 by the Landgrave and Marggrave William, and by
all the fucceeding Eleftors o^ Snxojiy. But when in 1708 they moil; humbly
prefcnted to their Sovereign and King, as he pafled through their town for
the firft time, a new v/ooden bowl with hellers ; there were found among,
the latter 6063 pieces, which in value were hardly reckoned equal to tea.
rixdoUars. In 1680 this town was all burnt down excepting a few houfes.
6. Schadenbeck and Kojfel, two villages united into one parifli with Adorf,,
and having town-privileges.
7. Klingenthal, a parochial-village and mine-place, the inhabitants of
which are defcended from the Proteftant Bohemians, who fettled there.
They are for the moft part fiddle-makers and miners.
8. Schonberg, Droda, Pojfeck, and Bobenneukirchen, all parochial-villages
and noble eftates, belonging to the family of Reitzenßein. In the firft of
thefe places is a good medicinal fpring.
9. Bofenbrunn and 'Triebelf two parochial villages, belonging to the family,
of Brandenßein.
10. Werda and Tirperjdorf, two parochial-villages, having noble eftates.
Rem. The miniftcrs of Zobern, Krebes, Mifzlareuth, Wiedenberg, Sachfgrun,
and Eichigt, as alfo of Gefell in the prefedturate of Plauen, are, on
accoup.t of the difpute between the electoral houfe o{ Saxony and the princely
houfe of Brandenburg-Culmbach, ftiled the difputed minifters. The Marggrave
of Brandenburg-Culmbach, aftually exercifes the right of patronage
over them.
11. The prefedurate of Plauen, containing in it thirteen immediate,
feventy-eight mediate vallals, and one hundred and ninety-one villages.
In it is
I. Blauen, the head town of this circle, and likewife of the eledoral'
Saxon ihare in the Vogtland, and belonging to the wider feledion of towns.
It lies on the river Elßer, and contains an old citadel, which is called
Ratfehauer, together with one parifh-church, and another for interments,,
as alfo a Latin fchool, and a fuperintendency, whofe fpiritual jurifdldion.
is divided into the Theuma and Taltitz circles, and contains in it ten towns,,
twency-feven mother-churches in the country, and twelve filials. Here
The Teiitonick order had formerly a commendary at this place.
Rem. About a quarter of an hour's diftance from this town ftood an^
ciently the citadel of Dobcnau, which now lies quite wafte^ though there
are alfo manufadures of cotton and cloth, and likewife another for cottonprinting.
is-

Vogtland.] G E R M A N Yi 613
is ftiU extant a fmall eftate ofthat name. To this citadel belonged a confiderable
territory, and to this territory among other places the town of
'Blauet}. The former Counts oi Eberßcin were in poffeffion of this territory
of Dcbetiau, and inverted the noble Lords of ReuJJen, who were likewife
vogts of Plauen, with the town and icigniory of Plauen, and other portions
of it. In 1 3 28 Hermann Count oi Eberßein, with the confent of his brother
Otto, Canon of Hildeßieim and Minden^ made a ftipulation with Henry the
Eider, Vogt of Plauen, and his heirs, that both he and they fhould for the
future hold all the then fiefs of Ebcrßein in the territory of Dobenau, of
the Bohemian King John and his fucceffors. This Henry the Elder, Vogf
oi Plauen, as alfo his Ton Henry, had fo early as the year 1327 conferred
the feigniory oi Plauen in fief on the Bohemian King jcbn, at which time
to this feigniory were alfo reckoned the citadels of Lubo'w, "Johannefgrun,
Schoneck, Plonjhvicz, Stein, Tirbit, and Ganfdorf. Plauen, was for a long
the refidence of the burggraval line of the Vogts of the Empire;
time ftill
but Henry II. Burgcjrave of Meißen and Lord of Plauen, engaging in a
difficult procefs with feverai of his vafials and being thereupon put under
the ban, the execution thereof was conferred on the Eleftor Ernefl and
Duke Albert of Saxony, who in 1460 took Plauen and in 1466 at laft fi;ipulated
with th'e faid Burggrave, as he was again fet free from the ban,
that they ftiould retain Planen, and give him only a fum of money. But
the Eledlor John Frederick being put ut.der the ban of the Empire in the
year 1547, Henry Y. Burggrave oi Metjfen, and defcended from the Lords
oi Plauen, again took poflelTion of that place ; but after his death his fons
mortgaged it in 1550 together with other feigniories, to the Eledtor Aiigußus
of Saxony, who in 1569 fully purchafed both that and the Voigtsberg
of them.
2. Elßerbcrg,. a fmall town, feated on the Elßer, and belonging to the
Lord oi Bunaii. This p!ace was anciently a feparate feigniory, which belonged
to a family who were filled therefrom, and who likewife as well,
as the Counts oi Aniß:)aiigk were defcended from the Counts oi Lobdcburg.
3. Netzjchkau, a fmall town, belonging to the Count of Boje.
4. Myku, alfo a fmall town, belonging to the noh\t% oi Planitz. This^
place is of great antiquity, inafmuch as together with its appurtenance it
was fo fully a feigniory, and that io early as the year 121 2, that the Emperor
Frederick was enabled to invcil: therewith at the fame time with
other places Ottocar King of Bohemia. The firft: poffeßbrs ftiled themfelves
from it, and their race continued till the middle of the fixteenth century, ^
but before it became extincl, this feigniory fo early as about the year
1364 was already in the hands of the Lords of Reuß'en, and in the fifteenth
century in the poflefllon of the family oi Metzfch. From the laft it
came to the Lords of Bojen, and at leng^th to the nobles of the Planitz.
c, . Reichen^-

6i4 GERMANY. [Vogtland.
'
5, Reichenbach, a town, belonging to the noble family of Metzfch,
and containing in it near feven hundred houfes, together with two churches
and a Latm fchocl, in which are five teachers. Formerly there was alfo
at this place a commendary of the leutonick order. In the year 1697 ^
fpiritual infpedlion was erefted here, but in 1720 again fuppreffed. The
greateil part of the inhabitants are clothiers, and dealers in cloth ; their
method of dying here is alfo held in great efteem, the moft beautiful
fcarlet in the whole eleöorate being made at this place. In 1681 afire
conlumed about one fourth of this town ; and in 1720 above five hundred
houfes, together with all the public buildings, were deftroyed by the like
dreadful calamity.
6. Lengefeld, o': Lengenfeld, a fmall town, belonging to the nobles of the
Tlamtz, whofe inhabitants fubfiil for the moft part by weaving and dealing
in cloth.
7. freuen, or Dreyen, a very ancient little town, belonging to the family
of Feilitzfch, and divided into the upper and lower.
8. Auerbach, alfo a fmall town, which is the property of the nobles
of the Planitz, This place carries on a trade in cloth and iron-wares ;
the former of which are made here, but the latter at the neighbouring
iron-founderies.
Thefe founderies are thofe of Morgenrothe, Rautenh'anz, Thannenbergfthaly
Waldhaufer, the Gottberg, Sachfengrund, and Mefoinghammer.
9. Falkenßcin, a place belonging to the family of the Ttutzjchler, and which
by Marbach, in his defcription of the petty town of Schoneck, as alfo by
others, is called a fmall place. In the neighbouring village of Ellfeld is an
eflate, and a forge, as alfo fome brafs works. In the territory of the mineamt
of Falkenßcin in that part called the Wild Wand, which lies about two
hours diftance from Auerbach, is a quarry of excellent topazes.
10. Muhltrof, a fmall town, belonging to the Barons of Bodenhaufen.
11. Gtfell, alfo a fmall town, having both feat and voice at the Land-
Diets, Over the church here the IVIarggrave of Brajidenburg-Culmbach
exercifes the right of patronage.
12. Bergen, Clofchwitz, Geilfdorf, Jofznitz, Irferfgrtin, Kurbitz, Leubnitz,
Limbach, Neundorf, Plohn, Fehlen, Reuih, Rcdau, Roderfdorf Ruppertjgrun.
Schwand, Syrau, and Taltitz, all parochial-villages with noble
ellates.
HI. The prefedlurate of Pausa, containing five villages. In it is
1. Paujd, a fmall town, under immediate vaflalage, and having both
feat and voice at the Land-Diets.
2. The villages of Lind, Upper and IJnder-Reichenau, as alfo of Unterbirg,
which lalt is united with the parifh-church oi Pauja.
3. Ebeijgrun, a parochial-village.
the

Neuftadt.] GERMANY, 615
The
Circle of
NEUS'TADT,
npHIS circle terminates on a part of the circle of the Erzgebirge
as alfo
-*-
on the principalities of yf/'677/wrg- and Saalfeld, and the feigniories of
the Counts of Reufz; and comprizes in it the old Gaus or Pagi of Orla
and JVeyda. In it are feven boroughs, together with two market-towns,
and two hundred and twenty-nine (or according to HempePs tables two
hundred and twenty-two) villages, as alfo feventy-five immediate, and
twenty-two mediate vaflals. It is divided into three prefedurates, which
in conjundlion with the amt of Sachfenlmrg, conftituted the four affured
amis, as they are called, which Johfi Frederick II. Duke of Saxe-Gotha was
firft obliged to mortgage in 1567 to the Eledor Aiigußus, by way of fecurity
for the cofts laid out on the latter in the execution of the ban of the
Empire againft him; but afterwards in 1660 he conferred them on Duke
Maurice of Saxe-Zeitz, at which time they were alfo ceded in property by
the Emeßine line of the houfe of Saxony to the eleftoral houfe. On the
extindion of the line of Zeitz thefe prefedlurates came again to the electoral
houfe ;
and they ftill enjoy to this vtry day a feparale Imperial matricular
evaluation (fee p. 536.
I. The prefedurate of Arnshaug with Triptitz, contains in it thirtynine
immediate, eleven mediate vaflals, and one hundred and one villages.
This prefedurate is no part of the Vogtland. In it is
1. Ar?if:aiig, or Arnßmugk, an old citadel, feated on an eminence, and
containing a chapel. The former Counts of Arnjhaugk, have only been in
poffelTion of the upper part of the Gaii of Orla. Count Otto, the laft of
this houfe, died in the beginning of the fourteenth century, and the
Marggrave Albert of Meißen married his widow Adelheid; and his fon the
MTirg^^TTivc Frederick ivith the. bitten Cheek her daughter, that is to fay, his
ftep-mother's, and thereby brought the county of Arnß:>aug to his houfe.
2. Neujladt en the Orla, the head town of this circle, being under immediate
vaffalage, and belonging to the wider feledion of towns. In it is
a citadel, which Duke Frederick Henry of Saxe-Zeitz built and inhabited',
as alfo two churches, and a fuperintendency, whofe fpiritual jurifdidon is
divided into the upper and lower circle, and contains in it five borouo^hs,
together with one market-town, thirty-one mother churches in the country,
and forty-feven filials. At this place is alfo a mine-office for the circle o£
Neudadt.
3 3. Tr/>/;V,.

6i6 GERMAN T.
[NeiiP:adt,
3. Tripth, a very ancient little town under immediate vaßalage, and
having both feat and voice at the Land-Diets. In the year 1561 an amtoffice
was founded here, and to it v/ereannexe.d fourteen villages. Duke
Maurice William of Saxe-Zeitz mortgaged this town for a time to John George,
noble Banneret and Baron of Mnifcbach. The Landgrave Frederick or" Tburingia,
in the year 1328, ivivt^itdi He7iry the l^ouiiger, Vogt of Plauen, and
his heirs for ever, with the towns of Triptis, Auma, Ziegenruck^ and their
appurtenances; but the fons of the fame Landgrave took poffeffion of them
by force of arms.
again
4. Auma, a fmall town under immediate vaffalage, and lying on the river
of the like name. This place has both feat and voice at the Land-Diets, and
the council has alfo purchafed the fuperiority over it. That it belonged for
fome time to the 'Vogts of Plauen, has been ihewn above under Triptis.
5. Ranis, a fmall town and jurifdidtion pofTefl'ed in common by the families
of ßr^/;^^'«//«;?, Breitenbauch, Geyersberg ^nA Brockdo7f. T lie Landgrave
JVilliam IIL purchafed the fort and fel.jniory of Ratiis oi Ctic Ccnnts
of Schwarzenburg, and, in 1465, made s. doiiaiion thtvcoi to EberharJ of
JBrajidenßein.
6. The feigniory of Oppurg, which takes its name from the old citadel
of Oppurg which the fanvcius Marggrave fViprecht was poflefico of. After
'his death it defcended to William, Count of ArnJ/.-diig, with all its appurtenances;
as, namely, Colba, Pofitz, Nimritz, &c. This laft poffcfibr appointed
Maurice of Brandenjhin, Caßellan theieof, to whom he alfo foon
after made a donation of the Wiprecht eflates which he had himfelf
purchafed. "Henry of BrandenßeinsNz^'mvtfktd, in 1354, by the Landgrave
Frederick with the- citadel of Oppurg, and alfo obtained leave to furround it
with walls and towers : for which reafon too, in honour of the faid Landgrave,
he called it Friedenßein, which name it long bore; but, in 1667,
the Brandcnflein eflates of Oppurg, Crobitz, Grünau and Knau, being all
Ibid, "John Albert, Coxint of Ronov znA Bieberßein, brought them, by purchafe,
to his family. After him Kay of Rumobr obtained them, who caufed
the old Frieden/lein, whici) flood on an elevated rock, to be demoliflicd at a
great expence (there being above 3000 rixdoUarfworth of gunpowder confumed
on that occafion) and a new building to be ereded in its ftead, which
was completed in 1705. The daughter and heirefs of this laft, namely^/;;/cz
Sophia, widow to Einßedel, left Oppurg to her fons, from whom it came, in
1745, to Count Julius Gebhard of Hoym, who has improved both the citadel
and the garden. To it belong the parochial-villages of t/Wcr and Upper-
Oppurg.
7. Braunfdcrf, Colba with Pofiiz, Ccjpoda, Dneitzfch, Gutterlitz, Letnnitz,
Moderwitz, Mofzbach, Nimritz, Schwarzbach, Wenigenauma and
Wernburg, all parochial-villages with noble eftates.
8. Wcltewitz, alfo a parochial-viilage with a fovereign domain eüate which
was formerly a nunnery. IL The

Neuftadt.] GERMANY. 617
II. The prefecflurate of Wevda with Mildenpurt, containing in it
thirty-two immediate, Jix mediate valTals, and one hundred and three villaf^es.
This prefedlurate is a part of the Vogtland. In it is,
i, IVeyda, a town under immediate vaffalage, and belonging to the
wider fetedion of towns. This place lies not far from the El/ier on the
Weyda 'water, which runs through the middle of the town. To the fpiritual
jurifdiäiion of the fuperintendency here belong three towns, in which
are the like number of churches, together with fit'ty-feven mother-churches
and nineteen filials in the country. Anciently there flood in this tract on
the Veitsberg a citadel and a town named Gifzberg, which was pulled down
in the twelfth century and built anew on the other fide of the Elßcr, and
named from the water IVeyda. From this citadel of Gifzberg the anceftors
of the Counts of Reujfen originally filled themfelves, having obtained both
that and the feigniory belonging thereto by marriage. The Vogts of the
Empire likewife remained in pofTelfion thereof till the fourteenth century,
at which time, in that called the Vogtland war, they fell to the fliare of the
Landgraves of T'huringia. In 1633 and 1756, this town was wholly deflroyed
by fire. In it are made fine calamancoes and camlets, and at the
citadel here has alfo been eflablifhed a pecuhar privileged manufadlure of
woollen fluffs,
together with a dyery.
2. Berga, an open little town, feated on the Elßer and containing a citadel
and nobleman's eflate. This place belongs to the family of JVatzdorf, and
that as well to the line refiding at the citadel as alfo to that at Markerfdorf.
3. Mimcloenbernjdorf, a market-town and noble eflate under immediate
vaffalage to the family of Leiibnitz.
4. Wildenflirt, formerly a monaflery of Prcemonßratenfes wliich Henry
the Rich, Lord of the whole Vogtlajid, founded in 1193 j ^^^ which at prefent,
together with the manors and villages belonging thereto, conftitutes
an eledloral amt-ol?ice. Under it is
Cronjchwitz, in ancient records filled Cröw/icj//^;, or Crunfwitz, a village,
containing a manor, on which Jictta, conlbrt to Hemy the Elder, Vogt of
Gera,
founded, in 123g, an Augiijlinc nunnery which has been fecularized.
All thefe villages are united into one parifh with,
5. Veitiberg, a parochial-village, lying on the Elfter.
6. Burkerfdorf Clodra, Culmitzfch, Endfchutz, Friefnitz, Kidodorf, Lindenkreuz,
Markerfdorf, Steirfdorf Teichivolframfdorf Uhlerfdcrf IVolferfdorf,
commonly called Wolfdorf, all parochial-villages, containing noble
eilates.
ni. The prefedlurate of Ziegenruck, comprehending in it four immediate,
five mediate vafTals, and twenty-fix villages. This prefedlurate
alfo belongs to the Vogtland. In it is,
I. Ziegenruck, a fmall town under mediate vaffalage, and lying on the
Saale, as alfo having both feat and voice at the Land-Diets.
Vol. V. 4 K = Gofziiz,

6i8
GERMANY. [Merfeburg.
2. Gofzifz, a parochial-villnge
; together with Kmu, Licbfchutz and
Neideiiberge, all parochial-villages, having noble eftates.
•7 Liebengrunn, a market-town, the church belonging to which is a filial
of that of Liebjchntz. In 1 7 1 8, this place loft feventy-eight dwelling-houfes
by a fire.
MERSEBURG.
7he Foundation of
^.3. |r\F this foundation P . Schenk \\i% engraved a land-chart under the
"-^ title of A geometrical general draught of the foundation of Merfeburo-
; and, in 1745, publiflied alfo a new one : both, however, have fliil
their defedts,
§.2. This foundation Is environed by the prefcflurates of Leipzig and
Pegau in the heifz^ig circle, as alfo by thofe of Wciffl'ufeh and Frcyberg in
the circle of Thiiringia ; by the prefedurate of the like name in the principality
0^ ^ier/urt ; that of Schraplau in the county oi Mansfeld, and by the
Saal c\rc\t o^ ihQ 6\itc\\y oi Magdeburg. In its greateft length, which is
to be computed from Zivenkau to beyond Deutfchenthal, it extends above
five miles of 16000 ells each j and in its greateft breadth, which is from
T'orriau, in the prefedurate oi Liitzen, to beyond i&/sö in the prefeöurate
of Schkenditz,
three and a half of the like miles.
§.3. Their agriculture here is very good and confiderable, fo that much
corn may be exported out of it, which is of particular advantage to the
neighbouring Saal circle of the dutchy of Magdeburg. Millet alfo and great
quantities of flax are cultivated here. It contains likewife but few holts..
The rivers and ponds in it yield great numbers and various forts of fifli.
Thefe rivers are the Saale and the Eljler; the latter of which, as well as its
branch the Luppe^ falls into the Saale. At Lauchßadt is a medicinal and an
acid fpring ; and there is alfo here a falt-fpring.
§.4. In the whole foundation are reckoned feven towns, one- borough,
two hundred and twelve (or, according to Hempel^ tables^ two hundred
and twenty-five) villages, and feventy-eight noble eftates.
§. 5. The Emperor Otto the Great, fo early as in the year

To
Merfeburg.] G E R M A N Ti 619
jurifdidlion over the town of Merfeburg j and, in 974, that prelate alfo
obtained the regalia within the fiime : but at what time the citadel, with its
prcfedlurate, fell to the fliare of the bifliops, is unknown ; though that
could not happen before the thirteenth century. The fecond bi(hop,
named Gifikr, who was likewife archbifliop of Magdeburg, divided the
ertates of the bifliopric and converted it into an abbey : but the Emperor
Henry II, again reftored the bifhopric in 1007, appointing Wlgbert archbilhop
thereof; at which time ahb the greatefl: part of the eftates which
had been torn from it came again to the bilhopric. The Marggraves of
Meißen have always appropriated to themfelves the fuperiority over it ; and,
though the Marggrave Frederick refigned it in 1288, and Bifliop Sigifmund
of Lindenau obtained alfo, in J 541, of the Emperor Charles W. an advantageous
refcript, that both he and his billiopric, in his State of Prince,
fhould be left to the freedom and evaluation of the Empire; yet the bifhops
are confidered by the Marggraves and Eledors as provincial fubjeÄs or
vaflals,
and have been obliged to own themfelves provincial States of ^'i-ja'^;?)',
the bilhopric even ftill to this very day belonging to the firll: clafs of the
electoral Saxoti province and therein to the college of the prelates. In the
iixteenth century this bifhopric profefled the Protedant religion.
From the
year 1561, Princes of the eledioral houfe of Saxony have been conftantly
poftulated by the chapter as adminilfrators of the bilhopric : but the Eledor
"John George I. who, in 1592, was poftulated as adminiftrator, and, in
1603, aftually entered upon the regency thereof, refigned the adminiftration
of it, in 1650, to the chapter, caulmg his third fon, Chrijlia?!, to be
poftulated by them as adminiftrator ; who alfo, in 1653, obtained in a
great meafure the regency of the bilhopric; and, in 1656, after his father's
death, acquired it entirely, as he did likewife, by virtue of his teftament of
1652, the Loiver-Liifatia, together with the feigniories of Dobrilug and
FtJißerwalde, and the prefed urates of Delitzfch, Bitterfcld and Zorbig.
Thus this Prince became the founder of iht Merfeburg collateral line of the
eledtoral houfe, which line became extind:, in 1738, in the perfon of Duke
Henry ; upon which King Aiigußin III. affiimed the regency of the
foundation, and by a perpetual capitulation united it for ever to his electoral
houfe.
§. 6. The arms of the foundation are a crofs Jable in a field Or. The
Dukes of Saxe-Merfeburg have alio bore the fame arms ; but at prefent they
remain only in the chancery-leal of the regency of the foundation.
§. 7, This bilhopric has indeed been charged with an Imperial inatricularevaluation
of ten hcrfe and thirty foot, or two hundred and forty liorins ;
the Eledlor of
Saxony exempts lijinecnere.
§. 8. The chapter confills of pure Proteftant Lutheran pcrfons of ancient
genuine nobility, and thofe of fixteen canons major., among whom are-fitjc
prelates, and four minor canons. .
but
it belong the villages of Ilobenhlx-.
4 K 2 Koizfchefi,

620 G E R M A N r. [Merfeburg.
Kofzfcben, Lama, Ltndnamfdorf, Poppitz, Prcbitz mA Roßn. It has alfo
fome fubjeds at Geifclmimdorß Kotzfchlitz and 'Tragarth. To the provoftfliip
here are annexed the villages of Gohlitzjch, Kaja, Meyken, Nieder-
'wiinfck, Oberkhbikau, Sittel and Vencnin, as allb one half of Atzendorf. It
is likewjfe poiTefled of fuhjedls at Grofzfcorlop, Rahna and Ziveymen.
§. 9. The foundation has its own regency, together with a peculiar chamber-college
and confiftory.
§. 10. The prefeäurates into which it is divided are the following :
namely,
•
I. The prefedurate, or kitchen-amt of Merseburg, comprizing in it
forty-five villages and nineteen noble eftates. In this prefeöurate is,
I, Merfeburg, in Latin Martisburgum, a town feated in a pleafant tradl
on the river Saale. Within the liberties of the chapter fl:ands the epifcopal
palace, together with the cathedral, in which are to be feen, among other
things, the metal monument of the Emperov Rudolph of Sivabra, his right
hand, which he loft in 1080, in the battle againft the Emperor Henry IV.
and the burying-vault of the Dukes of Saxe-Merfebiirg ; as alfo the gymna-
Jium, or foundation-fchool, the refidence of the fuperintendant of the foundation,
thechancery-houfe, the chapter-houfe, the n^r/'^ or abodes of the
canons, and other buildings. The town itfelf has a parifli-church of its
own, and draws its befb fubfiftance from the flrong beer which is brewed
here and exported to diftant places.
Its fuburbs, that is to fay the Neumarkt and the Altenburg, f!:and under
the amt-office. Each of thefe has its own church, and in the latter are
alfo to be found an orphan-houfe, a water-engine, by means of which the
water is conveyed out of the SaaJe into the palace, the town and fuburbs j
th e palace-garden, the Jagerhof 3.ndi the Bauhof.
The ancient county of Merfeburg was probably ere6led by Charlemagne,
The Counts have refided in this town, but it belonged as little to them
as it did to the prefedurate, they being pofTefTed only of the ban, and at
firft of fome regalia in it. The extent of this county cannot be determined
with any degree of certainty. The firfl; Count in Merfeburg, of whom we
have any certain account, was named Sigfrid, and was Count of this
place in the year 932. The laft Count, whom we have any tolerable
knowledge of, was alfo named Sigfrid, and died in 1038. What was
the fucceeding fate of this county remains üill a fecret to this v^ry day.
The two lafl: Counts whom we know with any degree of certainty, namely,
Burcbard and the above-named Sigfrid, at the fame time adminiflered
the palatine county, to which belonged a confiderable tradl of land about
Alßed, ^lerfurt and Eifzlebe?i. We likewife find fome Burggraves here
who were ftiled from Merfeburg, and whofe chief refidence was fixed by
the Saxon Emperor at the citadel of Merfeburg, which, together with the
kurgivard, belonged to them in property .^
This

Merfeburg.] G E R M A N T, 6^2t
This town has, in the fourteenth century, and more particularly in ijSji
as alfo in the fifteenth century, fufFered by great fires ; which calamity
likewile befell it in 1662, and in latter times. In 1757, the j^ulirian
and circle-troops burnt the Saal-hvidgt at this place.
2. The prefefturate-villages here are divided into rhofe fituate in the
Geßldcy and the Aue. Among them are the parochial-villages of Collenberg
and Liebenau, together with a Sovereign's manor, which was formerly a-;
citadel ; as alfo Niederklobikau, Schbdehach, Spcrgaii and IVallcjidorf. The
noble parochial-villages which at the fame time are polTefied of noblemens
eftates, are thofe of Frankleben, Geuja, Kreypau, Kriegßed and Nauendorf'.
II.
The prefeöurate of Lutzen, containing in it fcventy-two villages and
twenty-four noblemens eftates.
In this prefedurate is^
1. Lutzen, a fmall town containing a citadel. Near this town, in 1632,
happened the famous battle between the )S''ZO^^(?j- and Imperialißs, in which
the former got the better, but at the fame time loft their great King
Gußaius Adolpkus. On the fpot on which he was found dead nothing
more than a bare ftone has been erected, which is ftill to be feen.
2. Mark-Ranßadt, a fmall town, which, in the year 1707, was for the
moll part burnt down.
3. Exfzdorf, a borough.
4. Keufchberg, a parochial-village, near which King i/^wry I. defeated
the Humn in the year 933.
5. Grofzgohren, Grojzgorjchen, Mcfchivitz, Puffen, ^efitz, Rocken, Skeiitbar
and Starfiedel, all parochial-villages.
6. Dolitz on the Saale, Eythra, Koizfchau, Pobles and Teuditz, are all noble
parochial-villages, having noble eftates.
III. The prefedurate of Zwenkau, which was fubjedled, in the year
1655, to the ofiicers of Z,///2;f?7, one fingle village only belonging to it. Inthis
pre fedurate,. however, is,
1. Zwenkau, a fmall town and citadel lying on the Elßer, In the year
1429, the greateft part of this place was reduced to afhes by the Hußites.
2. Zefchwitz, a parochial-village.
IV. The prefedlurate of Schkeuditz, containing forty-eight villages and
twenty-four noblemens eftates. In it is,
1. Schkeuditz. or Skeuditz, a fmall town, feated on the £//?^r, and containing
a hunting-houfe of the Sovereign's, as alfo an amt-houfe ; but the
old citadel which fiood here is no longer in being. In this town likewife is
a noble eftate.
2. Breitenfeld, a noble eftate and village, belonging to the family of
B'oßgk, and remarkable for the great battle which happened near it, in theyear
1631, to the difadvantage of the Imperial genera! Tilly, but which is
ufually called the battle o{ Leipzig^ though fought fomevvhat above half a
GeriMin mile, from it,
3. Cur (darf^

62 2 GERMANY.
[Naumburg,
3. Curfdorf, Gundorf, Hanichen and Horburg, the laft of which has a
fair, together with Roglitz and Riickmarjdorf, all parochial-villages.
4. Grofzdolzig, Little-Liebenau, Lciiizfch, Ohcrthau, Wehren, JVefzmar and
Zojchen,\\\ noble parochial-villages, containing noblen:iens cftates.
V. The prefedurate of Lauckstadt, comprizing in it tv^^enty-nine
villages and eleven noblemens eflates.
In this prefeiäurateis,
1. Lauchifadt, a fi^all town under immediate vaflalage, and containing
a citadel and a manor. At this place is a medicinal and an acid Ipring. In
1 63 1, Lauchßadt was milerably laid wadehy the I/»/>eriaJißs. In 1651 and
1701, it luftained great damage by fire.
2. S,chacf]1a(it^ alio a fmall town, containing a nobleman's eflate belonging
to the family oi Lohj'c. In the year 1670, this place fuftained great damage
by fire.
3. The village of Dolitz am Berge, in v/hich is a nobleman's eftate and a
parifli-church ; as alio that of TloUcben, containing a parifii-church ; Neukirchen,
having a nobleman's eftate and a parilh-church ; Upper and Loiver-
Beichlitz, with a nobleman's eftate and a parifh-church ; Upper zndL^wer-
Deutjchenihal, with a parifli-church ; FaJJendorj\ containing a nobleman's
eftate, and Scbietlau, in which is a parilh-church.
'T/je Foundation or Bishopric of
N A U M B U R G.
§. I. (~\P this bidiopric John George Schreiber has delineated and engraved
^^ a chart which Homann% heirs republidied in 1732. This chart
conftitutes the fifty-ieventh in the Ailas of Germany.
§.2. It lies partly on the Saale and partly on the Elßer, the former part
of it being wholly furrounded by the circle of Tlmrhigia, and the latter by
the fame, as alio by the circle of Leipzig, the principality oi Altenburg znA
Count Reu/zs fcigniory of Gera. Exclufive of good tillage it wants not aHe
the culture of wine.
§.3. In the whole foundation are five towns and one hundred and forty
(or according to Hempel's tables one hundred and twenty-one) villages.
§. 4. The Emperor OUo I. founded this bifhopric, in the year 968, at
Zeitz; and, though in 1029, it is true that the cathedral-church was
removed to Naumburg, yet all the canons did not quit Zeitz, but there
ftill remained there a collegiate-church. "JtdiusFfliig, famous for his learning
and prudence, who died in the year 1564, was the laft biHiop hereof,
and after him Duke Alexander of Saxony was poflulated to be adminiftrator

Naumburg.] GERMANY, 623
flrator or the b'lliopnc, who dying the year following, upon that his
father, the Ele>Itor Augußus, aflumed the adminiflration of it, which the
following Eledtors have alfo filled up. In the year 1653 the Eledlor John
Giorge I, ceded to his fourth fon, Duke Maurice, the adminiftration of this
bifhopric under certain reftridions, which adminiftratiou after his father's
death he alfo fully obtained, and likewife by virtue of his teflament, the
feigniory of 'Taute?iburg, Frauenpriefzjtitz, and Lower-Trebra, too-ethcr
with the prefedurates of Voigtsberg, Plauen, Paiifa, Tripfitz, Anißcaiig,
Wryda, and Ziegenruck ;
and in like manner alfo the eledoral Saxon Hiare
in the princely county of Henneberg, purchafing likewife of his brother,
the Eledlor John George II. the prefed;urate of Fegau, and founding the
Zeiiz- collateral line of the eledoral houie of Saxony. To him fucceeded
in the regency of the foundation, and likewife in the remaining hereditary
countries, his fon, Duke Maurice William, who in 1715 made public profeflion
of the Äö«

^24
GERMANY, [Naumkirg.
Its yearly fair, v/hich begins on the 29th of J^Iy, or on St. Peter and
St.'Ptrul, enjoys very confiderable privileges. In the years 1336, 1446,
.1457, 1463, 1505, J517, 1532, iyi^, and 1 71 6, this place luftained
crreat damage by fire. To the town belongs the village of Rodichen.
Of the liberty, which comprizes in it the cathedral-church, the cathedral-fchool,
and divers Burghers houfes, which ftand all together under
the jurifdiäion of the chapter. Under the jurifdioion of the provoftfhip is,
Oßerfetd, a fmall town fituated betwixt No.iimburg and Zeitz.
2. The prefedurate of St. Georgenkloster, which has arifen outof
the eftates of the fupprefled Bmeditline monaftery at St. Georgen, which
flood on a little mountain before the town of Naumburg. This monaftery
was founded in the beginning of the eleventh century, and laid wafte ia
J 532 by a fire, as alfo in 1547 by the Spaniards, and in 1637 by the /«zperiaiijis.
On the death of its laft abbot the EledVor John Frederick caufed
this cioyfter, as well as that of St. Maurice to be feized, upon which the
other buildings were pulled down. To its prefecturate belong the parochial-villages
of Great-Jena (formerly called Deutjch-Jena) Little-Jena formerly
called alfo Wcndijch-T'ena) Schelfitz, or Zjchelfitz, Nieäerholzhaujeny
Zorbau, Kretzjchau, Cifelitz, and Abt-Lohnitz.
3. The prefedturates of Schonburg and Saaleck, which are united
-xvlth that of St. George. To the former belongs the parochial-village of
Scbc?iburg, as alfo the village of Pojfenbayn, in which is a filial-church, C^c.
To the latter belong the parochial-villages of Saaleck, Lacbjted, Little-
Hcringen and Puntjchrau.
II. The town and prefe

Brandenburgs] GERM A N T.
62^
2. The Langendcrf üi^indi, comprizing in it
The parochial-village of Aulick, in which is a nobleman's efrate, though
the place itfeif belongs in part to the prefedurate of fegau j as alfo thofe of
hangendorf, Majnkz, IFuttz, and other villages.
Etzoldjhayn, a noble eftate btlongiog to the family of 7?w;/'//>7§-.
3. The Zipjendorf diflrid:, containing
The parochial villages of Gleina, Lobas, Spora, and Zipfendorf.
Wurgwitz, a nobleman's eftate, to which is annexed the hereditary jurifdi

. and
626 GERMANY, [Brandeburg.
^. 2. To the north it tcrininates on Meckhikirg and Pomerania, to the
eaft f)n Poland, to the Ibuth on Sl/r/ia, the Lu/alias, the eleftorate of
Saxmy, the principality of vf/z^W/, and the ducchy of Magdeburg, and to
the weil: alfo^on the dutchy of Magdeburg^ and hkewife on that of
Luncluyg. Its greatcft extent, from wefl to eaft, namely, from Diejdcrf
to Dricfcn, amounts to between forty-feven and forty-nine Gernnui
miles ;
and its greateft extent, from fouthto north, to twenty-four or thirty,
according as yon meafure it,
either through ZcJJenznA S/r^W^ or through
Sommerjchi and Scbievdbei?!. In other parts its extent every way is very
unequal and generally fmaller.
§.3. -The Mivk, as well as other countries, is not throughout equally
fertile. Sometrads in it are very fandy, notwithftanding which thefe lands,
when properly cultivated, yield rye, fmall barley and oats in abundance,
the corn here is thinner flielled than that which grows in a fatter foil.
The inhabitants know alfo how to employ thefe fand-bottoms to advantage
either in vineyards or gardens, or how to plant it with pine-trees, which thrive
well in thele parts. The Old and the TJcker-Mark, together with ihe
Havelland, the Ruppin circle, and feme others, but in particular the Bnickd'orfer
on the Oder^ have a very fruitful bottom, producing wheat, fpelt and
great barley in plenty. The Mark in general has, under the government
of the great King Frederick William, and his ftill greater fon and fuccefTor
Frederick II. acquired a quite different form. Agriculture here is univerfally
improved, large tradls of wafle land have been cultivated, fuperfluous
woods grubbed up, and in thofe parts villages erefted, as alfo deep and larg-e
morafles rendered dry and fruitful. Agriculture, however, is not the principal
thing followed in the Mark; for, though on the one hand fome corn
is exported out of it into the dutchy oi Lüneburg and Hamburg, yet, on the
other hand, it receives again the like quantity out of Pomerania and Sileßa.
Potatoes are very plentiful at Teltow in the Middle-Mark, and at Freienjiein
in the Prignitz are cultivated the fmall fort of turneps, which are alfo exported
; in the circles of Zauch and Teltoio is much millet, buck-w^heat
and flax ; in the Ucker-Mark great quantities of good tobacco ; in fome
tradls the herbs for dying, as crap, woad, and clary. The woods
here are of great importance as they furnifh the inhabitants not only with
fuel for domeftic ufes but Hkewife for their glafs and iron-houfes, charcoal,
tar and weed-aÜies, large quantities of timber for houfe and Ihip-building,
which is partly exported to Hamburg, Holland, Fr^wf^ and other places;
and bring into this country yearly many tons of gold in return. Care alfo
is taken to keep thefe woods, for the benefit of poilerity, in good condition:
but its moft important fubfiftance arifes from the breeding of cattle, and in
particular from the breed of fheep, in as much as by means of their fine
wool divers excellent woollen manufiidlories have been eftablifhed here. For
the improvement alfo of their breed of iheep, King Frederick II. has caufed
rams

;
Brandenburg.] GERMANY. 627
rams to be imported from Spain and England. The culture likewife of
filk is carried on herewith good fuccefs and is continually increaUn»-. The
principal minerals in the Mark are a good clay and fine porcelain earth, as
alfo all manner of colour-earths, together with alum near Freienivalcle, faltpetre
and amber, which are tound in diftcrenc places ; and iron-ftone. Not
far from Freienivalde lies the principal medicinal-fpring in it. Of the capital
rivers of Germany two run through the Mark, namely, the Elbe and
the Oder. The Elbe forms the eaftern limits of the Oid-Mark, and thufe
of the weftern the Prigniiz, between both which countries it pafies, after
having quitted the dutchy of Magdeburg. Below Havelberg, and likewife
over againfl Werben, it receives into it the Havel, which riles in the feigniory
of iS/rtrg-ör^ near the village oi Klatzeburg, and below Spandau the
Spree, as it comes from Lufatia ; DoJJe which rifes between Meienburg ^d
Pribor, not far from the village o^ Majfau in the dutchy of Mecklenburg, and
other fmall rivers. The Oder comes out of Sileßa, runs through the ISieumark,
receives into it the IFarie&i it comes out oi Poland, into which, not
far from Zantok, the Netze, which alfo iffues out of Poland, pours itfelf
and into this laft the Drage, which arifes in the Neumark. It likewife feparates
the Neumark from the Middle and Ucker-Mark, and then enters into Po~
vh'rania, where are alfo formed many ufeful canals. Thatof P/rf«f«fliortens
the water-paflage between Berlin and Magdeburg by about one half, and
was carried on, by order of King Frederick II. till finiflied ; that is to fay,
from June i, 1743, to June 5, 1745, under the diredtion of the engineer
Mahijlre. It begins near Parei on the Elbe, interfeds the Ihle and the
Stremme, having three fluices on it which check the fall of the water out
of the Elbe into the Havel, which is twenty-one feet in height, and promote
its paffage ; after which it paffes on by Plauen into the Havel.
This canal is 8655 perches, or four German miles and a quarter, in
length, being beneath generally twenty-two j above, that is to fay, at the
furfaceof the water, twenty-fix, and in fome places between forty and fi.''ty,
feet broad, with bridges laid over it at nine dilierent places. The Spree and
Oöt'r are joined by means of a new canal which was ordered to be cut by
the Eleftor Frederick William, and completed between the years 1662 and
1668. This canal ilTues cut of the Spree into the lake near Midrofe in
the Middle-Mark, and from thence runs pardy along the Schlubbe, partly
through it and into the Oder, being three Gerfjuin miles in length, five
Rheifdand perches broad and fix feet deep. The Havel and Oder are joined
immediately by the canal of Fi?ioiv. This canal begins at Liebenwalde in
the Havel, pafles on into the river Fino, or Finow, and below Lower-Fmo
runs into the Oder. King Frederick II. cauled it to be completed between
the years 1743 and 1746, and on it are thirteen fluices. The OiTtr-canal
runs out of the Oder from the village of Gujlebieje to the prefedurate of
Neiienhagen, falling again near Wuizo, or about one Gennan mile below
4 L 2 Oderberg

528 GERMANY. [Brandenburg.
Oderbergxnto the Oder. This canal was opened in 1753. There are alfo
divers inlind lakes here, fome of which, in the Middle-Mark, have a communication
by means of canals and fluices, which are partly newly done
and pardy only enlarged. The Elbe and the Oder abound not fo much in
fiili as the Hi/v-'l, the Spree and feveral leffer rivers. Some lakes aUb have
no oreat plenty of them, but others yield abundance of fifli.
§. 4. The countries of which the Mark confids have be^n peopled by
inhabitants from various places. The moft ancient of thefe whom we
know with any degree of certainty are the Sueii, in particular that branch of
them called the Semmnes. The greatelt part too of the Wemis emigrating
in the fifth century, they fettled here; hut thefe lall being gradually fubdued
by the Saxons, moft of them again retired. Alba-t the Bear invited new its
ir^abitants out of Holland, Seeland, Flanders, and other countries fituate on
the Germafi-kz, to come and fettle here and in the neighbouring countries ;
and thefe were afterwards joined by others out of the adjacent Upper and
Lowcr-Saxony, nay even out of diftant countries. During the thirty years
war, and particularly in 1638 and 1639, the Mark wsl^ greatly thinned of
inhabitants by the fword, peflileace and famine. The Eledor Frederick
WilHani invited the French Refugees into his country and conrerred upon
'them confideräble privileges, which privileges were enlarged by King Frederick
I. whereby many hundreds of families were prevailed upon to fettle
in the Mark. Alfo fo late as nnce the year 1688, divers Lcrrainers and
Walloofis
(the greateft part of the latter of whom had originally fettled in the
palatinate, for which reafon they were called Palatines) as alfo Siviß, Bo^
bemians and Germans out of other countries were received into the Mark;
and thereby the number of inhabitants in it became gradually greatly enereafed,
inlbmuch that, till the year 1756, they were eftimated at about
800,000 men.
In the whole Mark are reckoned one hundred and twenty towns, and
the number of villages in it appears to be above 2500.
At fuch times as in the name of the towns, and on public occafions, affairs
of general importance are to be difcuffed, confirmed and fubfcribed, the
head places of the Mark ufually obferve the following order in giving their
voices and likewife in their fubfcriptions : viz. Brandenburg, Berlin, Kohy
Stendal, Prenzlow, Perleberg, Ruppin, Frankfurt and Kujlrin. In other
cefpeds the towns are divided into immediate and mediate ; the former of
which are thofe that fland immediately under the Sovereign and his high
colleges, the latter fuch as ftand under foverelgn or noble prefefturates.
Each Mark has its own province, which confifts of the nobility and the
towns, and each province likewife have their direöor. The general province
©f the whole Mark of Brandenburg has its provincial-houfe in the Spandaußrcet
at Berlin, in which houfe it ailembles. It has alfo its dlredtor and
delegates m liides of land, houfe-taxes, delegates for the new beer-tax,.
perpetual

Brandenburg.] GERMANY. 629
perpetual deputies of the whole body of the nobility and of the towns,
their
provincial trealiirer, fecretary, receiver, excife-mafter and clerk. Whenever
the nobility and towns are jointly obliged to railed collections, the Bobility.
by virtue of the recels of 1643, contribute about 410 rixdolinrs to the
1 000, but the towns pay 590. The hereditary niar(h:ils of the M.-rk of
Brandenburg are the Ga'ifes, noble Londö of Pullkz ; its hereditary chamberlains,
the Counts of iV/Jiövr/// ; its hereditary'cup-bearers, the family of
Hacken; its hereditary fupreme purveyor, the family o'l Sckulenlmrg ; its
hereditary fewers, formerly the family of iZ'>^v/\^f6-/^, but, 101740, the Counts
of Munchow obtained that otiice j its hereditary treafurers, the family of
Schenk; and its hereditary rangers, i\vA.i oi Groben.
§. 5. The greatclf part of the inhabitants of the Mark profefs themfelves
of the Protelfant Lutheran church, the preachers belonging to which are
ranged under fixty-nine fpiritual infpeäions, and their heads partly Ifiled in-
Ipectors and partly alfo provofts.
Not only the royal and electoral houfe, but
likewife a conüderable part of the inhabitants, profefs themfelves of this
church. The entertained, or refugee Boketnians, have tlieir own peculiar
mode of worfliip and are T^cw^/z-catholics. Every inhabitant here enjoys
an unrcttrained liberty of confcience.
§.6. The fine and numerous manufadures and fabricks here, the
great^ril: part of which were introduced by the refugee French, and are to be
found at Berlin and Potfdatn, make cloths and divers forts of wooUen-ftuffs,,
as, namely, camlets, calamanco's, ftamine's, flannels, &c. filk-ftutfs and
velvets, tapeftries, gold and falver-lace, leather, tobacco, fugar, all manner
of purified colour-earths, alum, faltpetre, gunpowder, divers forts of wares
in wrought and caft-iron and fteel, brafs, arms, very large and excellent
rairrours, a very fine and true (ort of porcelain, which exceeds even the
Mifnian in whitenefs, and other things. At Berlin are alfo excellent painters,
ftatuaries and engravers. Admirable things are likewife performed
here in the jewelling, goldfmiths and enamelling way ; apd fine mathematical
inftruments made. Tiie Berlin coaches are famous and in great
eileem every where. By means of thefe feverai manufactures, fabricks and
arts, a faving is made not only of large fums of money, and the fame kept
in the country,
but wares to the amount of many tons of gold are alfo exported
to other parts. By means too of the above-defcribed (§.3.) navigable
rivers and canals, this trade is greatly promoted.
§. 7. The fciences are in high efteem and much pradtifed in the Mark,
and for the advancement and promotion of them the common Latin fchools,
with ihegymna/ia, the univerfity of Frank/art on the Oder, and the academy
of fciences at Berlin, are of u(e.
§. 8. It has been already remarked above (in §. 4.) that in old times the
Suevi, and in particular the Semnones, who were a branch of them, refided
ia
"

630 GERMAN r.
[Brandenburg.
in this country ; and that after their emigration, which happened in the fifth
century, the W€?tds came here in their ftead. To thefe principally belonged
ihe Wilzi or Lutizi, who were rendered tributary by Charlemagne ;
but they
retained neverthelefs their King, and, towards the clofe of the ninth century,
again regained their liberty. King Henry I. and the Emperor Otto
the Great, had, in the tenth century, many negotiations with the Wends.
Under the latter they bound themfelves, indeed, not only to pay tribute
but alfo to receive Chrißianity ; and for the propagation of it the Emperor
founded here the biflioprics of Brandenburg and Havelberg ; but neither
their tribute nor their Chrißianity was of any long continuance, for which
reafon the wars betwixt the Germans and the Wends were carried on with various
fuccefs. The prefent Old-Mark, however, which was a part of Saxony,
iiad, from the time of Charlemagne, its own Counts, of whom Theodorick
was the firft. Concerning this Prince we know for certain that, about
the year 974,
he enjoyed the title of a Marggrave ; but this marggravate,
which was erefted againfi: the Wends who dwelt on the Baltick, is, with
refpedl to the eaftern marggravate, which was erefted in Mei/fen, fliled
the Northern, and from the capital feat of its Marggraves, the marggravate
of Sollwedel. In 1056 too it came to the family of the Counts of Stade,
together with the marggravate of that name, Luther Udo I. was the firft
Marggrave of the houfe of Stade. He was fucceeded by his fon Udo I.
and this laft fucceffively by his fons He?7ry the Long and Luther Udo II.
Henry, fon to the latter, was, during his minority, namely, until the year
1 1 14, under the tutelage of Rudolph his father's brother, whofe fon, Udo II.
but was depofed by the Em-
fucceeded him alfo in the marggraval dignity,
peror Lotharius and the marggravate conferred on Conrad of Plotzkau, and
after his death, in 113 5, on Albert the Bear, whofe father. Otto, was of
the AJcaJiian line, and his mother, Eilika, daughter to Duke Magnus of
Saxo?iy, and the laft of the Bilking race. This Marggrave Albert the
Wendiß:, was, by King Pribizlaiis, who had no children of his own, appointed
heir to all his lands between the Elbe and the Oder, or, in other
words, to the prefent Middle-Mark, Prignitz and the Ucker-Mark; all
which this Marggrave Albert thus brought firft to the German Empire, and
was the firft likewife who from the town of Brandenburg ftiled himfelf a
Marggrave thereof. By bringing under his fubjcdion the Wends, as alfo by
the propagation of Chrißianity, the introduction of divers of the Netherland
and German nobility, the building of a greater number of towns and the
encouragement of handicraftfmen, this Prince gave the Mark quite a different
and more improved form. To him iucceeded, in 1170, his fon
Otto 1. who annexed the arch-chamberlainfhip and the elecfloral dignity to
rht Mark oi Brandenburg. His grandfons, y^/j« and O//0 III. brought the
Uckcy-Mark to their family, of which Mark the Dukes of Pomerania,
in

Brandenburg.] G E R M A N T. 631
in the days o^ AÜHrt the Bear had mnde themfclvcr, rnnftcrs, together with
a confideruble part of the Nemnark and Lcbus.
Thefe Princes governed at firft in co;nmon, biu in 1262 thev fhared
the countries among them, and each of them founded a feparate line,
namely, yohn the elder line, and Otto III the younger. Henry, who died
in 1320, was the lall: ]Vlarggra\e of Brandenburg of the Afcavian race.
Upon his death the Emperor Lewis of Bavaria conferred ihe Mark, with t!ie
approbation of the States of the Empire on his fon heivis the EUer, who was
at that time under-age, but this Prince afterwards ceded it to his brothers
Lewis the Roman and Otto, who in 1356 were aUb inverted therewith by
the Emperor Charles IV. Otto led an irregular life, and fell at variance
with his father-in-Law the Emperor Charles IV. to whom in 1373 he was
obliged to cede the Mark of B'-andenburg in lieu of a debt of 200, ccö
dollars, which had never been difcharged. The Emperor caufed homage
to be paid by the Mark to his fon Wenzel, but the latter arriving in 1378 to
be King of Bohemia, he ceded the Mark to his brother Sigifmund, who in
1388 mortgaged it to Jobfl, Marggrave of Moravia, for the fum of 20,000
Bohemian guldens, and this laft again to Willia?n, Marggrave of Mijhia.
The Neiimark was mortgaged by the Emperor Sigifmund in the year
1402 to the T'eufo/iick order in Priißia. After the death of the Maiggrave
'Jobji \\\Q Mark oi Brandenburg reverted in 141 1 to the Emperor Sigijmund,
who in the very fame year ceded it again by way of mortgage to Frederick V.
(or VI.) Burggrave of Nürnberg, and in 141 5, hereditarily and in property
with all its appurtenances, to the eledforate and the arch-chamberlain's effice.
Of this Burggrave and new Eleöor, as alfo of his anceftors, we have
treated above in the circle of Franconia under the articles Cidmbach and
Onolzbach, in p. 41 2, 493. His eldcft fon, the Marggrave Joh?:, religned the
eledtorate to his brother Frederick. This Elector, namely Frederick II.
made a ftipulation in 1442 with the Dukes of Mecklenburg, by virtue of
which on the total extindion of the ducal male-line of Mecklenburg, all the
faid Dukes territories fall to the electoral houfe of Brandenburg; for which
reafon the Mecklenburg fubjeds alfo ought to pay homage to our Elector
and his heirs. In 1455 Frederick purchaled the Neumark of the Teutonick
order; and in 1469 ceded the eleftorate to his brother the Marggrave Albert,
who for his bravery was fliled both the German Achilles and XJlyffes.
The latter was alfo poffefTed of the Franconian principalities of Cidmbach
and Onolzbach, which he bequeathed to his two younger fons, but kit the
eledlorate of Brandenburg to the eldeft ion, 'John the Great, who accordingly
took pofTeflion of it in i486. To him fucceeded in 1499 his fon
John Joachim I. who in 1 524 feized as fuperior the vacant county of Ruppin^
and died in i 535. Under the fon and fuccefTor of the laft in the eledorate,
namely Joachim II. and his brother, John of Kußrin, the Reformation in
the Mark was undertaken with much prudence.. The Eledor John George,
foil

632 GERMANY. [Brandenburg.
fon to the former, fucceeded in the government. This Prince again united
the province oi iht Keumark with the other provincial eftates, and ohtained
hkevvile oi Pohwd the coinveftiture oiFrußa. His grandlbn and fucceeding
Elector, namely, 'jobn S;gjjmuvd, was married in 1594 to Anna eldtft
daughter to Dukt. Albert Irederickoi Prußa^ and this Princefs in right of
her mother, Maria Eleonoray was next heirefs to the countries of "Ju-
Bers, Ckve, and the Berg. Th&E\eAov John Sigiffnund d\ed m i §gS, and
had for his fon and fucceflbr Joachim Frederick-, who thoroughly united the
biilioprics of i>;v.W^;;/'/

Brandenburg.] G E R M A N Yi 63J
1699 he took pofleffion of the county oi Hobenflein. In 1701 he railed his
dutchy of Pnij/ia to a kingdom, and himfelf to the regal dignity. As King
he is filled Frederick I. In 1702 he obtained of the Emperor ihc Privilegium
de 71071 appellando for all his royal countries, and upon this eretled the
high tribunal at Berlin. In 1707 he brought to his family the county of
Teckle7iburg., together with the fovereign principality of Ncufchatel and
Vale77gin. This Prince died in 17 13. To him fucceeded his fon Frederick
WilIiii77J, who in 171 3 obtained by the peace of Utrecht a part of the
dutchy oi Gelders, and in 1720, by virtue of the peace with Sweden, Stettin
in Pomeratiia, together with the diftrid: between the Oder and the Peeiie, as
alfo the illands of Ufedor7t and WoUin. In 1732 he likewife brought the
difpute on account of the Orange fucceflion to an advantageous conclufion.
He drew alfo many thoufmds of new inhabitants into his country, and in
particular of rich PruJ/ians ; raifed the manufactures and commerce to a
flouridiing ftate, improved the policy, diftrlbution of juftice, and revenues
of his kingdom, endeavoured to promote the knowledge of the Chrißian
dodrine for the pradtice of godlinefs, maintained a ftrong and very well
difciplined army, and accumulated, notwithftanding, a very confiderable
treafure. He died in 1740. To him fucceeded his fon Frederick II. who
in 1740 began to fupport the rights of his houfe to the 5V/t'^rf« principalities
of Jagerndorf, Lig7iitz, B7'ieg and Wolau, as alfo to the feigniories
and diftridls of Beuthen, Liebfchutz, Tar/iowitz and Oderberg by a brave
army ; and by the preliminaries of the peace of Bre/law, and the treaty of
peace which enfued thereon at Berlin in 1742, as alfo by the ftipulation of
peace, reconciliation and friendfliip entered into at Drefden in 1745, obtained
all the Lower, together with the greateil: part of Upper Silefia and
the county of G/ß/2;, with full fovereignty and independency of the crown
oi Bohemia. In 1744 too he took poffeflion of £^y/-F/7V/tVt7;/rt', but on the
other hand in 1754 difpofed of all the feigniories, domains, countries, (3c.
fituate in the province oi Holland, and arifing from the Orange fucceflion, to
the hereditary Stadtholder of the U/iited Netherla/ids. The qualificafions and
feats of this King are remarkably great. Under his government the Mark
oi Brande72burg has been flill better cultivated, and the manufadlures, fabric:)
and commerce in the royal and electoral countries raifed to a great
the policy and dillribution of jultice confiderably improved, and
perfeftion ;
the army brought to
excellency.
an aftonifhing and alarming degree of greatnefs and
§. 9. The royal and eleftoral title runs thus: I'iz. Frederick, King in
Pruffia, Marggrave of Brandenburg, of the Holy Roman E7)ipire Arch-
Chamherlain and Flexor, Sovereign ü7id Supreme D///^^ 0/' Silefia, Sovereign
Prince of Orange, Neufchatel a7id Valengin ; of the county of Glatz,
Gelders, Magdeburg, Cleve, Juliers, the Berg, Stettin, Pomerania, the
Caffubi and Wends, Mecklenburg ajid Croffen Duke , Burggrave of
Vol. V. 4 M Nürnbergs

on
6^^
GERMANY. [Brandenburg..
Nürnberg; PnW.o/ Halberftadt, Minden, Camin, Wenden, Schwerin,
Ratzeburg, Eaft-Friefeland and Mors; Count o/' Hohenzollern, Ruppin,
the Mark, Ravenfberg, Hohenftein, Tecklenburg, Schwerin, Liegen,
Buren and Leerdam ; Lord cf Ravenftein, the countries of Roflock, Stargard,
Lauenburg, Butow, Arlay, and Breda ;
üfc.
The arms on account o^ Pru'ßia are a crowned tzgXc fable, with trefoilftalks
Or on the wings, and the letters F. R. on the breaft in a field arge-nt-^.
weaponed Or, with
on account of the Mark oi Brandenburg an eagle gules,
trefoil-ftalks of the fame on the wings, in a field argent ; on account of the
arch-chamberlain's office, a fcepter placed palewife in a field azure ; on account
of the dutchy of Geneva, a chefs-table divided into five fields Or
and iom azure; on account of Orange, a belt Or with a blue huntinghorn
; on account of Neujchatel, a pale gules befet with three chevrons argent
in a field Or ; on account of Magdeburg a fliield divided gules and argent
; on account of Cle^e, eight fceptres Or, in a field purple (or according
to others) united in a fmall Ihield argent, in which is feen a round
ring; on account of Juliers, a l\an Jable in a field Or; on account of the
Berg, a lion gules crowned azure in a field argent ; on account of Stettin,
a griffin gules crowned Or and weaponed, in a field azure; on account of
Pc/neran'la, a griffin gules, weaponed Or, in a field argent ; on account of
Cajjuben, a griffin j^I/f turned to the finifter fide and weaponed Or in a
field of the fame
-, account of Wenden, a griffin tranfverfely marked ^z/A-j;-
and 'jerte, in a field argent ; on account of Mecklenburg, a buffalo's head
fable, having horns argent and crowned ^«/c'.y, with a ring arge7it pafied
through the nofe ; on account of Croffen,. in a field Or an eagle Jable, with
wings tail and v/eapons difplayed, and having on his breaft a crelcent argent,
over which is to be feen a fmall crols of the fame ; on account of
Jagerndcrf,
an t:io\tßble with a hunting-horn argent placed on the breaft,
in a field of the fame ; on account of the burggravate of Nürnberg, a lion
fable with open jaws prepared for battle, a tongue exerted gules, weaponed
and crowned, in a field Or ; on account of Halberßadt, a fliield divided
argent and gules ; on account of Minden, two keys argent placed in form
o^ zZt. Andrews crofs, in a field gules; on account of Camin, an anchor-crofs
argent, in a field gules ; on account of Wenden, a griffin Or,
in a field

Brandenburg.] GERMANY.
^'^^
chequered gule% and argent ; on account of TeckJenbiirg, three he:\rts guhi
in a field of the fame ; on account of hingen, an anchor Or in a field
azure ; on account oi Schwerin, an arm ornamented argent, projefting out
of a cloud, and holding in its hand a ring, in a field gules ; on account of
Clettcnberg, a \\^vt fable in a field argent ; on account o( Regenflein, a hart's
attire g?//^^, in a field argent ; on account of Buren, a fefie argent pinnacled
alternately on both fides, in a fi.eld gules -, on account of Leerdam, two
fefl"es gules, alternately pinnacled on each fide, in a field argent ; on account
of the marquifate of Ter Veer, a fefle argent in a fidd fable ; on account of
Roßock, a buffalo's head gules and crowned, fet and turned obliquely to the
dexter-fide, a tongue exerted ^«/t'5, and horns argent, in a field Or; on account
of Stargard, a fhield divided gules and Or ; and on account of Breda
three finall St. Andrews crofles argent. The point gules denotes the
•regalia.
§. lo. The Eledor of Brandenburg is pofifefl'ed among the Eledors in
general of the feventh place, and among the temporal ones in particular of
the fourth. As arch-chamberlain of the holy Roinan Empire, he carries the
fcepter before the Emperor, and ferves
him in a filver hand-bowl with the
water for wafliing his hands. His hereditary-chamberlain is the Prince
of Hohenzollern, fee above p. 225. His eleifloral evaluation amounts to
fixty horfe and two hundred and feventy-feven foot, or 1828 florins. The
biflioprics of Brandenburg, Hwoelberg and Lebus he exempts fine onere.
To each chamber-term he pays eight hundred and eleven rix-dollars, fifty-
-eight kruit'/ers and a half. In the council of the Princes of the Empire
the Eleäor of Brandenburg has hitherto enjoyed five voices.
§.
1 1. Of the Prußan order of Knights of the Black Eagle, which Kinc
Frederick I. inftituted in memory of the great folemnity held on occafioa
of placing the royal crown upon his head, an account is to be found
under the kingdom of Prußa. And in the fame place likewife mention
has been made of the order of Knights Pour le tnerite, which was inftituted by
King Frederick II. foon after his entrance upon the government. Its fymbol
is a crofs placed on a ftar of eight points enamelled blue and gold,
and in its upper-moft corner is to be feen the letter F with a royal crown
over it, and in the three other corners, the words Pour le merite in golden
letters. In the four corners wf the crofs are four golden eagles difplayed.
The Knights wear this fymbol of their order pendant at their breafts on a
black ribbon about two fingers in breadth, with two fmall filver borders
running round the neck.
§.12. At Berlin are the following high and principal colleges: liz.
I. The privy State-council, which afl^embles once a week. In this council
all the members of the aftual privy minifters of State and war, as alfo daofc
who are in the provinces, when they come to Berlin, have both feat and
voice. In it too are propofed matters of grace, as alfo other important mat-
4 M 2 ters

636 GERMANY, [Brandenburg.
ters jafticiary and criminal, and the falling or vacant inveftitures conferred,
thofe of the Silefian Princes excepted, who are inverted by the King himfelf
from the throne. 2. The cabinet-miniflry, which looks to foreign State affairs
andconfiftsof the privy minifters of State, war and the cabinet. It is divided
into two departments,
of which one attends only to Gtrman State affairs or
concerns of the Empire. King Frederick William ereded this minirtry in
1733. 3, The general fupreme direftory of the finances, war and domains,
the plan of which was formded by King Frederick William, in 1723, at
the hunting-palace of Schonebeck, and aftually opened in the beginning of
the year 1724. Its ofhce is to look to all the finance and domain affairs
throughout the whole of the royal and electoral countries, whence alfo all
war and domain chambers therein are of courfe under it. The King himfelf
is prefident, and the heads of the fix departments belonging thereto,
who have certain privy finance-counfellors under them, are adual privy
State and war minifters, and act as vice-prefidents and directing minifters
at the general fupreme directory of the finances, war and domains. Under
the firll department (land Priiffia, Lithuania, Pomcrania and the Neumark
; under the fecond, the eleöoral Mark of Brandenburg, Magdeburg
and affairs relative to the duties on fait ; under the third, Cleve, Gelders,
Mors, Eafl-Friefeland, Neufchatel, the Orange fucceiTion and the affairs of
the invalids ; under the fourth, Halberßadt, Minden, Ravemberg, hingen
and Tecklenburg ; the fifth takes cognizance of matters of commerce, manufactures
and fabricks ;
and the fixth of the magazines, provifions, marching,
quartering, faltpetre and fervice matters. The head of the polr-office
for the improvement of the roads, and likewife the diredtor of the province
of the elecftoral Mark, both of whom are alfo adtual privy State and war
minlfterf, and likewife vice-prefidents of the general diredory, ad in concert
with the fame, and indeed the former of them with all the departments,
but the other with the fecond, 4. The fpiritual department, which takes
care of church, univerfity-fchool-matters and affairs relative to the poor,
and has for its head an adual privy State and war minifter. 5. The general
poft-ofiice, which provides for the poft-matters and every thing elfe that hasrelation
thereto throughout the whole of the royal and eledoral
countries,
Silefia excepted. 6. The fupreme court, or tribunal of appeals, which is
the higheft juiliciary college in all the royal aad eledoral countries, and to
which the appeals from the feveral regencies or governments lie. 7. The
chamber-court, which decides in all procefs matters throughout the electoral
Mark, and confifls of two fenates. The chief prefident thereof and
likewife of the tribunal, is the great chancellor for the time being. 8. The
war and domain-chamber of the eledoral Mark, which looks to the farming
out of the royal prefeda rates and mills, as alfo to the finances and domains,
and in general to all matters which regard the royal revenues arifing
from the eledoral Mark of Brandenburg. 9. The fupreme war and domain«

Brandenburg,] GERMANY, 637
main-chamber of accompts, which infpeds the accompts of the feveral
cafh-otiicers in the royal and eledloral countries, and difcharges theaccomptants.
King Frederick William eredled this chamber in 1723, and in 1743
the two departments of which it at firft confifted were united. 10. The
fupreme L-vz/'dr^T« contiftory, which was erecfted in 1750, and is employed
in filling up the places of preachers and fchoolmafters, as alio in the examination
of fuch as are propofed as candidates for that purpofe. This confiftory
is likewife confulted on the filling up of the theological chairs at the roval
univerfities. 11. The diredlory of the CahirSjl church, which was
founded in 1713, and takes cognizance of the concerns of the feveral Calmniß
churches in the royal countries, 12. The war-confiftory. 13. The
pupil college of the eledoral Mark, which being appointed for the tutelage
of minors, audits their accompts and provides for the fecure lodgment of
their capitals. 14. The fupreme medicinal college, which obtained this
title in 1725. 15. The fupreme mine-office, which was eredted in 1705.
i6. The general provifion-office. 17. The general falt-cheft and faltfadory.
The French nation have an upper and under judicatory of their
own, as alfo their own revifion -tribunal, fupreme confilfory and fupreme
diredlory, which is ftiled the CoJifeil Francois,
§. 13. With refped to affairs of police, the feveral towns here fland under
the tax-councils, of which there are in general ten throughout the
whole Mark; and the flat country under its provincial-councils, butthefe lafl
again under the v/ar and domain-chambers.
§. 14. The fourcesof the royal revenues ariling from the Mark are, The
royal domain-office, together with the forefts, pofls, mines, mints, faltofhces,
charges, ftamp-paper, ftamped cards, fervice, excife, impofls upon
beer and grinding, or the bu(hel-tax, the war and grinding meafure, tolls,
protedlion- money paid by ihe Jr^i.n, the contribution, or tax on hides, of
land and houfes, and the new beer money. Thefe feveral revenues are coiledled
into different chcfls ; as, namely, into thofe of the exchequer, or
domain-cheft, the general poft chefl, general falt-chefl:, charge-cheff,
fervice-chtft, upper tax-chefl:, and, laftiy, likewife into the general domain
and general war-chefts. The fum total of the yearly revenues arifing from
the Mark are eflimated at about two millions and a half of crowns.
§. 15. In the Mark are flationed a confiderable part of the FniJIan
troops in time of peace, and therein in particular at Berlin, as ihall be
fhewn below under the defcription of that royal city ; but for the whole of
the Frußan troops the fubjoine.l remark is to be confulted.
§. 16. The Mark oi Branctcnbiirg is divided, in general, into the eledoral
and New-Marks. The eledoral Mark comprizes in it the Old-Mark, the
Prigiiitz, the Middle-Mark and the Ucker-Mark. Thefe Marks, or provinces,
are again divided into circles, and over each is placed a land-council.
Remarks

6^8
GERMANY, [Brandenburg,
Remark on the power of the royal Pruflian houfe under King Frederick II.
The power of the royal Prußian and electoral Brandenburg houfe, has
rifen, under King Frederick II. to a height which has attrafted tlie aftonifliment
and attention of all Europe. This power is not fo much founded on
its extent of territory ; for, compared with feveral other European States, it
is but fmall ; but on its excellent internal conftitutioh, as well as on the
great infight of its governor into the conneöion of the different parts of
the body politic, and likewife on his own wife and indefatigable paternal attention
to the government of the State.
The whole of the countries and States of this royal and electoral houfe,
as poffeffed by King Frederick II. after the peace of Drefden in 1745,
amount at mofl to about 3000 geographical fquare miles, and contain in
them nearly five hundred towns. In the fix years laft part, that is to fay,
from the year 1750 to 1756, there are, as I am well informed from an
account communicated to me by one of my colleagues, throughout the
whole of thele countries, one year with another, 1,66,567 perfons baptized,
and about 1,25,348 deaths. In order to find out the number of inhabitants
here, which fome eftimate at five millions, the lafl; of thefe fums is
to be multiplied by thirty-eight. The whole of the royal yearly revenues
are rated at near twenty millions of dollars. The contributions of the feveral
fubjedls here are fixed once for all, and at no time, not even in the moft
difficult conjundlures of war, are afterwards either raifed or renewed. According
to the complete lift of the royal Prujjian army, which was printed
in 1753 at Anjßerda?n, with amendments, it confifted at that time of
1,46,257 men, which in time of peace requires the fum of 10,932,960
dollars for their yearly maintenance, exclufive of the charges of mounting
and remounting, quartering and levying, which may arife to about one
fourth more : fo that thus the fum total of the money required for their
maintenance one year amounts nearly to fourteen millions of dollars. The
difcipline of thefe troops, as well as their expertnefs at their exercife is not
to be equalled j and they are always kept conftantly complete as well as in
perpetual readinefs to march. For their fubfiflance, the feveral royal and
elefloral countries are divided into cantons or fmaller circles, out of which
cantons, each regiment, nay even each company, has a feparate one to
itfelf, and out of thefe its recruits are to be drawn ; for which reafon the
feveral regiments are always quartered upon fuch, or at leaft not far Irom,
thofe cantons out of which they draw their recruits. In times of peace,
however, the greater part of thefe recruits are hired for money out of the
country ; and fuch as are levied from among the cantons in the country
have yearly nine or ten months furlows granted them in order to enable
them

old-Mark.] Ö E R M A N T.
639
them to carry on their hufinefs either as burghers or peafants. The abovementioned
army has conlifted of 10340 cuirafllers, 11938 dragoons, 10 116
huffars and 1,13,856 foot; among which were 4423 fuperior officers and
10040 inferior ones. A regiment of cuiraffiers coniift« of five fquadrons,
a regiment of dragoons of ten, and a regiment of hullirs of the like number.
A fquadron again of the two firfl: contains one hundred and fixty-fix
men, and a fquadron of the laft one hundred and fourteen complete. A
regiment of foot confifts ufually of two battalions, each of which comprizes
in it fix companies, that is to fay, one of grenadiers and five of mufquetiers.
Two of the Frußan regiments, however, confift of three battalion
namely, the regiment of the guards and that of Anhalt-Deffau. A field
battalion contains in it eight hundred and fixty-four, and a garrifon-batta
lion
feven hundred and twenty.
S :
MAR
The Electoral
K.^
L The Old-Mark.
§. I. '"T^HIS Mark is divided, towards the eaft, by the Elbe, from the
-• Frignitz and the dutchy of Magdeburg, being terminated alfo by
the latter to the fouth and in part likewife to the weft, but in other parts
by the dutchy oi Lüneburg, with which, in 1691 and 1692, a boundary recefs
was concluded. It was formerly larger than at prefent, divers places havinobelonged
thereto which are now partly annexed to the dutchy of Lüneburg,
and partly aUb to the once archbifhopiic, but at prefent to the dutchy,
of Magdeburg. Its extent now, from eaft to weft, or from JVerben on the
Elbe to the cloyfter of DieliorJ, amounts to nine German miles ; and from
north to fouth, that is, from the village of Strefo^u near Snackenbiirg to
Urßeben near Erxleben, to eleven.
§.2. It was anciently a part of Saxony, and therein of Eaßphalia, or
Eaß-SaxGuy. In the eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth centuries, it was
either fimply called the Mark, or the North-Mark ; but in a couple of records
bearing date in 11 96 and 1197, Ducatus Tranfalbhius ; and in the
provincial recefies of the Mark, the country beyond the Elbe ; and laft of all the
Old-Mark. The laft of thefe names was firft given it after the year 1325,
at which time Duke Otto the Liberal, of Brmifwick, who had obtained
this country by his marriage with his confort jigfies, widow to the Marggrave
JValdemar, the laft of the ylfcanian race, to whom it was bequeathed
as a jointure, ftiled himfelf Lord of the Old^Mark^ in order thereby to d:--
5 ftinguifh..

640 GER M ANY. [Old-Mark.
ftinguifli it from the Mark which the Marggraves of the houle of Bavaria
were pofidffed of. The faid Duke Otto had, indeed, fo early as the year
1323, ceded up his rights in the Mark of Brandenburg to the Emperor
Ztiü/ilV. but it appears, that this ftipulation only reganled the lucceffion
to it alter bis death; at lead: Duke Otio ftill, that is to fay, after that time,
«Toverned the country; and it was, in the year 1343, that the Old-Mark
was firft fully ceded to the houfe cf Bavaria ; for which ceffion he was
promifed the Aim of 3450 marks of filver, the laft payment of which was
not made to the Dukes Magtius and Er?ieß till 1348.
§. 3. This country, indeed does not enjoy in all parts a fat and clay land,
but up and down has alio fandy or flony bottoms : though in general it
may be ftiled a fertile country ;
particularly fince the time in which under
the government of King Tkeodorick William confiderable tradls of morafly
and wafte grounds have been cultivated ; as for inftance near Sendal and
Flcchtingcn, together with the Selifchebnich near Oßingerßeben, the prefecturate
of Biirgjtall and Nei{e>2dorJ\ and certain trads alfo near Dalen, Infel,
Schivarzlofeji, Vehte?i, Deez, the Hor/l, and Kriegholz near Bomezien, together
with the tradl formed by the conftrudion of a dam one hundred and
four perches in length, and eighteen broad, as alfo thole of the two nine
feet v/ide ditches near Grcat-Garz, and the farms formed by the help of
dykes which have been eflablifhed at Iden by the family of Kannenberg.
By thefe means their paflurage, and thus of courfe their breed of cattle here,
is confiderably improved. Potatoes were firfl cultivated in this province of
the eledtoral Mark, and from thence dilTeminated into the other provinces.
Near Liidcritz, Vehten, Uchdorf, and in particular near Little- Schwarzlofen
in the prefedurate of Borgßall the fmall turnep grows in plenty. The
herb too for dying called law-wort is gathered and exported from hence
in great abundance.
§. 4. The above defcribed Improvement of the foil of this Mark has
alfo promoted the encreafe of its villages and inhabitants. At prefect there
are computed in it fourteen petty towns, together with five hundred and
fixty-four villages, ten manors, ten flieep-folds, eight mills, and fifteen
fingle farms. Of noble families who have fettled in it here are fixty-fix,
and the greatefl: part of the eftates here are in the hands of the Lords of
Ahenßeben^ Sckulenburg^ Jagoiv, Putlitz, Bijmark, Luderitz, Jeetz, and
Kannenberg.
§, 5. The fupreme tribunal of the Old-Mark lies at Stendal, and the
provincial captain in it is prefident of the fame. The provincial diredory
here confifts of the provincial diredor aflifted by a certain number of provincial
counfellors and the provincial receivers. Under them ftand the provincial
ridings, according to which the taxes or contributions are laid.
§. 6. What Enzelt, Hendreich, and others have written concerning the
four parts, into which the Old-Mark was formerly divided, is without
foundation.

Old -Mark.] GERMANY. 641
foundation. They call them the Balfamcrknd, the langerland, the 5^«-
land, and the land of Zcrmund. Counfellor Lenz in his Grafen Saal,
p. 224, feq.
tells us that the north part of the Old-Mark, or. the Baljamerland,
which was fituate between the Elbe, the Aland, the Biefe, and a part
alfo of the Ucke had its name from the rivulet oi Balfam, which falls into
the Ucht, and comprized in it Arneburg, Seehaujen, and Werben, being
alfo called the Wij'che ; but the fouth part conftituted the Saxon fhare of
the Marfmerland, the latter of which was bounded to the north by the
Balfamcrland, to the eaft by the Elbe, to the fouth by the territory of Magdeburg
and the Ohre-, and by the Milde, Biefe, and Uchfe, as far as to Ste?idal
to the weft, and confequently contained in it 'Tangermund, and Gatdelegen,
together with the prefedturates of Burßall, Calbe, and the county
of Oflerburg.
§. 7. We fliall defcribe
I. The feven immediate towns in their order. Among thefe 1-3
I. Stendal, formerly called alfo Steindal, the head-town of the Old^
Mark, lying on the Vchte in a level furrounded on all fides by mountains,
and which fince the year 171 2, but more particularly between the years
1720 and 1740 has encreafed in buildings and inhabitants. This town
bears the direSloriiim among the feveral towns of the Old-Mark, and is
tlie feat alfo of the fupreme tribunal therein, and likewife of a fpiritual
infpedion. It is divided into four parifhes, and thus contains in it four
principal churches, among which is the cathedral church of St. Nicholas,
At this place alfo lies the general fuperintendency of the Old-Mark and the
Prignitz. This foundation was firft ereded by the Marggrave Henry in the
year 1188, and flood immediately under the papal chair. It conlifted of
a provoft, a dean, and fome canons. In 1551 it was made a donation of
together with all its revenues to the univerfity of Frankfurt on the Oder.
The town-fchool here was placed in what was once a Francijcan monaftery.
The cloyfter of St. Catherine was formerly fupplied with BenediSiitie Nuns,
and that of St. An?ie, with nuns of the order of St. Francis. After the introdudtion
of the Reformation thefe cloyfters 'tis true were ftill preferved,
but came over to the Proteftant religion, and over each of them was fet a
Domina. The refugee French have introduced divers manufadlures into it.
They have here likewife a tribunal of their own. Anciently there were great
numbers of clothiers at this place. The Marggrave Albert the Bear raifed it
about the year 1151 from a village to a town. Formerly alfo it belonged
to the Hanfe. In 1595, 1680, and 1687 it fufFered greatly by fire.
The magiflracy of this place is pofTefTed in the village of Hemert of three
noble eftates, together with one half of the upper and lower jurifdiäion,
as alfo of the right of patronage, and likewife of the village of Belkens, together
with the upper and lower jurifdidlion and the right of patronage
the
fame.
over
Vol. V. 4 N From

^42 GERMAN T.
[Old-Mark.
From this town a circle and provincial riding-houfe are denominated.
2. Salzivedel, in the moft ancient records called Saltioedek, Saltwideky
and Saltwedelr and in the thirteenth century alio Soitwedel, and laftly Salzwedtl,
a town, feated on the Jeeze, and lying in a low and morafly
tradt, whence alio, according lo ?vlr. P. W. Gerkcn\ conjeöure, its name
denotes a citadel or town built in a fwampy foil. Jt conlifts of the old and
new town, each of which has its own leparate limits, gates, ftreets,.
churches, fchools, and magiftracy. In the old town flands the church of
St. Mary^ at which formerly was a provoftlhip, but at prefent is the fuperintendency
of the fpiritual infpedion of Salzivedel. The two churches^
of both the cloyfters, which formerly ftocd here, are ftill in good condition.
The fchools of the old and new town were, in 1744, united into
one, which is kept in the former. The church belonging to the ancient
Francifcan cloyfter which flood here is likewife fliU in a good condition.
The old fort is the hereditary inheritance of the family of Roel. The principal
fubfiilence of the inhabitants confirts in the brewing of beer, as alfo
in the making of cloth, and the manufaäures of ferge, freeze, and ftockings,
together with thofe of feveral handicrafts which have fet up here.
Linens too of various forts, patterns and colours for clothing are made at
tills place ; and a brilk trade is carried on therein. In 1535, ^595' ^^30>
and 1705, this town fuftained great damage by fire. The fuburbs called
Bockhorn lie to the weft of it. On the new town the Marggrave Johiz and
Otto conferred, in 1247, town-privileges equal to thofe of the old town of
Salzwedel, as alfo other immunities and rights. It is feparated by a branch
of the Jccze from the latter, and contains in it one parochial and one
hofpital-church.
Salzwedcl was formerly reckoned among the Hanfe-towns. Whether
the ancient Marggraves had their leat in the old town of Salzivedel
and therein in what is called the Burg or fort, or at one German mile diftance
therefrom in the village of Old Salzwcdel, wherein is ftill a wall
which appears to have belonged to a fort, is uncertain. With refpeft to
other matters we find not in the oldeft records and archives of the town
any more than in the ancient hiftorians the leaft traces, that either in
cr about this place fait was formerly made, or at leaft that there were faltfprings
here. Therefore the name cannot be derived therefrom, notwithitanding
that towards the clofe of the feventeenth century were difcovered
before the Liichau gate, not far from what is called the Hoierßtirg, on the
borders oi himeburg, in a trad abounding with falt-petre, iome traces of faltfprings,
and that for trial thereof (but which muft needs have fucceeded very
differently) fait was made here. A circle and provincial riding are both
denominated from this place.
3. Gardelegeiiy or Gardeleben., a town, feated on the Milde, and containing
in it two churches, together with four hofpitals, two of which alfo have
churches

Old-Mark.] G E R M A N r.
643
churches belonging to them, a fpiritual infpedllon, a Latin rchool, and a
manufaclure of cloth. In the year 1306 this place was wholly burnt down.
In 1658, 1Ö67, and 1685 it alfo fuftered great damages by fires, and In
1757 very fin^ere exaä:ions by the French. At Gardelegen anciently refided
certain mar-graval Princes, who ftiled themfelves Counts thereof. From
it too a circle and a provincial riding have their names. That called the
heath of Gardekgen is
a confiderable wood.
4. Scchaujen., a town, which is wholly furrounded by the river Aland.
At this place is a fpi.itual infpedlion. The principal fubfiftence of its inhabitants
confifts in agriculture, and the breeding of cattle. The greatell fires
it has fuffered by were thofe of 1653, 1669, 1676, and 1722. From it
a circle and provincial riding have obtained their names.
The adjoining eftate of Kammerboj\ which is commonly called the Seehaufen
Katnps, is an inheritance of the councll-houfe.
5. T'angermutide, a town, lying on the river Tanger, which below this
place pours itfelf into the Elbe. In it is a fpiritual Infpedlon, and a Latin
ichool. The principal fubfiftence of its inhabitants is drawn from agriculture
and the brewing of beer. The town itfelf contains two fuburbs,
which are named the Neujladi and the Himerdorf or Hutiredcrf.
The fort
here is feparated from the town and environed by a deep ditch. In it refides
the officer of the prefedurate of I'angerfnunde. Near it too the fhipsgoing
up and down the Elbe put in and pay down a pole-tax. In the year
1617 this place was deftroyed by fire. In 1676 and 1678 it fuftained great
damage again by the fame dreadful calamity. From it a circle and provincial
riding take their name.
6. Oßerburg, a fmall town, near which the river Uchte falls into the
Biefe. At this place is a fpiritual infpeäion. Its principal fubfiftence is
drawn from agriculture. In 1521, 1565, 1573, and 1631 it fuftained
great damage by fire. Anciently there were Counts of this place and Altenhaufen,
who were poflefled of a confiderable territory. Counfellor Letiz
has treated of them in his Grajenjaal, and fpeaks of Wernern Lord of Veltheun.
who flourilhed in the eleventh century, as the firft Count of Ofterburg
and Altenhaufen known with any degree of certainty. Count Sigfrid
11. who died in 1236 was the laft Ojlerburg Count of the Veltheim
family.
7. IVerben, a fmall town, fituated not far from the Elbe, which oppofite
to this place receives into it the Havel. Here is alfo a fpiritual infpedtion
and a commandery of the order of St, fohn. The principal fubfiftence of
its inhabitants is drawn from agriculture and the breeding of cattle.
A part
of the territory belonging to this town lies beyond the Elbe in the Prignitz.
On the Werder in that part where the H^w/ runs into the Elbe, the Swedes
built them a fconce in 1631, which was deftroyed in the following year.
II. The fubfequent royal prefedturates : viz.
4 N 2 I. The

6^^ GERMANY. [Old-Mark.
1. The prefedurate of Salz we del. Among the places belonging to
it are the following :
namely,
The Pei'wer, a village, which looks like a fuburb to Sah%ü?del. The
inhabitants of this place belong partly to the jurifdiaion of the prefedlurate,
partly alio to that of the Lord of Schulenburg,
and partly to that of the council
of the old town of Salzwedel, on account of the hofpital of St. George :
Almoft at the end of the Perwer lies the church and the tloyfter of the
Holy Ghoß, the convent belonging to which conhfted of regular canons ;,
and at ä greater dlftance from it lies St. George's church and hofpital, in
which twelve poor women are maintained.
Old-Salzivedel, a village, one German mile from the town of Salzivedel,
to the eaft end of which is to be feen a wall which is i'uppoicd to be the
remains of the ancient refidence of the Marggraves of Salzivedel.
2. The prefedurate of Distorf, which has its name from the Augiißirie
nunnery of Dißorf, founded about the year i i6i, and was at hrft called St.
Marys ißand, or Marienwerder, and that probably for this reafon, namely,
becaufe it was furrounded with dykes and ditches. At prefent it confifts of
twelve Proteflant conventuals, one half of whom are of noble, and the
other half of burgher extradtion, and their fuperior ftiled Domijia. DiJiorf
has three fairs. To it belong the villages o^ Abbendorf, Wendifch-Boddenfladt,
Fahrendorf, Peckerife, Ellenberg, Waddekatb, 6cc. together witli
Viere, a royal manor.
3. The prefedlurate of Arendsee, containing in it the lake of that
name, which is one fmall German mile in circuit, but twenty or thirty
fathoms and more in depth. To this prefedlurate belongs,
Arendjee, an open little town, feated on the juft defcribed lake, and divided
into the old and new. The former fiiands immediately under
the prefedurate-office, but the latter has a magiftracy of its own to whom
belongs the under tribunal, that of the upper being annexed to the prefedurate.
The jurifdidion of the police both in the old and new town is
enjoyed by the magiftracy alone. The BenediSline nunnery for ladies,
which formerly flood here, is at prefent converted into a Proteftant noble
cloyfter, in which refide an abbefs and fix ladies. From this town a circle
and provincial riding take their names.
Benkendorf ox: Benikendorf, together with Great and Little Chuden, and
other villages.
4. The prefedurate of Tangermunde, the officer belonging to which
refides in the fort near Tangermimde and Rein, in the Sovereign's houfe. To
this prefedurate have been added the eflates and territories which the Sovereign
pofleffed here as board-lands. Of the places belonging to it I
fliall remark
Kalbue or Kolbuw, which is otherwife called Kalebtie, a village, fituated
near Tangermunde^ and containing in it ten fubjeds belonging to the prefedurate.

old- Mark.] GERMANY.
645
fefturate. The Wends, who refided here fo lately as in the time of the
Marggraves of the houlc of Bavaria, obtained from the above Marroraves
divers privileges and immunities.
Arneburg, a fmall town, lying on the Elbe, and which in the tenth
century was a noted place and a barrier citadel againll the Wet.ds. In the
year 1005, it was fortified anew by the Emperor Henry II. Its agreeable
iituation on an eminence invited fome Saxon Emperors frequently to make
it their place of refidence. Divers of the marggraval line too, as well
men and women, have refided here. Formerly alio there was a foundation
at this place. The principal fublirtence of its inhabitants is received
from navigation and their traffick in corn, as alfo in agriculture. The
hlftory of the ancient Counts oi Arneburg has been treated by Coun{€i\oT Lenz
in \\\sGrafaifaal, who informs us that the county oiArneburg, or the Balfamerland,
was about the year 1067, incorporated by purchafe with the marggravate
o^ Salzwedel, but foon after obtained a new line of Counts and Burggraves.
From the town of Arncburg are denominated a circle and provincial riding.
Buch, a pretty little town, feated on the Elbe and ftiil having rather the
appearance of a village. Inftead alfo of its former magiflracy, it is governed
by a bailiff and four intendants. In fome fovereign letters of 1571, 1645,
^c. it is ftiled a fmall town, but in other refpedis is only a borough.
5. The prefedurate of Badingen, which has its feat in the village of
Badingen between Stendal and Gardelcgen.
6. The prefeiflurate of Neuendorf. To it belongs
Neuendcrf, formerly a Cißercian nunnery, founded by the Marggraves
John and Otto. At prefent it is wholly Proteflant, and confills of a Domina
and fix ladies.
Trujlat, or Treußaf, once a manor, which, in 1702, was declared a peculiar
village, and at firfl inhabited by fome Calviniß French j but to them
fucceeded fome Cahinijl Germans.
Lezlingen, a royal hunting-houfe, out of the ancient manor belonging to
which a large village, having a church of its own, has arifen. The Lczlingen
heath, or wood, here is very confiderable,
7. The prefeAurate of Borgstall, which was exchanged, in 1562,
by the Lords of Bifmark for that of Schonhaufeu and the cloyfter of Krevefen
with its annexed villages. In this prefedturate is
Borgßall, a citadel and village containing a parifli-church.
The Tholle and Pleetz, both new villages.
Danneiifelde and Staats, two parochial-villages : and
Salchau, a royal manor, near which Y'x'mct Leopold oi Anhalt-DeßauhwWi
him a hunting-houfe.
III. The prefeduraie of Dambeck, or Dambke, which arofe out of
what wa-i formerly a Befiedi^ine nunnery, and, in 1545, was granted by the
Eledlor 'Joachim II. to Ltvin of the Schulenburg, as well the elder as
younger, and their heirs, for fixty years i
but, in 1607, was allotted by
the

646 GERMANY. [Old-Mark.
the Eleftor Joachim Frederick to the princely fchool founded by him at
Joacbimjlhal, which was accordingly firft put in the enjoyment of its revenues
in the year 1645 and 1646; though the infpedlion of its adminiftrarion
in ccconomical matters was fliil left to the eledoral amt-office, till at length
the Eledlor Frederick William^ in 1 650, entrufted and configned the revenues
of this prefedlurate, as well as thofe of the other eftates of the Jcachimßhal
gymnaßuin, which is now fixed at Berlin, to a pecuhar immediate fchooldlreäory
under the Sovereign. This office caufes fuch diredory to be adminiftered
by an aiTumed officer in the fame manner with the royal prefedlurates.
The yearly revenues arifing from it amount to 6000 rixdollars.
To it
belongs,
1, Dambek, a village, containing a parifh-church and lying about one
hour's dillance from Salzwedel.
2. The vill.iges oi' Old-Sc/zwede/, Brewitz, Brieze, Great-Bierßat, Cheine,
Dfjfau, Grecit-Grijcho'w, Gieferitz, Gußfeld, Hagen, Henningen, Jebel, Jeggeleben,
Konigfftat, Kuhfclde, Ladekate, Leeze, Maljdorf, Maxdorf, Prezier,
Rademin, Rieze, Reckhrigen, Schieben, Siedmtram, Sienow, Thuritz, Viezke,
Walfitz and Winterfeld, together with the defolate limits of Ulefitz and
Umfelde; all which, however, do not belong entirely to this prefedurate,
but only apart of them, inafmuch as both royal and noble feats and eftates lie
therein} and the prefedurate is poflefled in feveral only of certain feats, farms
and rents,
IV. Certain noble places and jurifdidions.
I. The very ancient family of the Lords of the Sckulenburg, which at
prefent is divided into the old and young CountS; or into the family of
Lieberofe and Apenbiirg, and has a judge over it in common, who, exclufive
of feodal and other matters which are referved for his decifion, determines
likewife in fuch cafes as have relation at the fame time to different
houfes or their fubjeds. This family is principally poffefTed,
I. Of Betzendorf, a fmall town, or borough, confifting of a citadel and
two noble feats, together with certain manors and two fheep-folds, as alfo
of the Fo7-e and Hi^ider-Wohlgemut, with about forty fire-places and fome
free-houfes. The building moft worthy of obfervation in it is the old fteinhoufe
and that which formerly conftituted the burg or fort in common of
the Lords of the Schulenbiirg of this place,
fome remains of which are fiill
to be feen here in a morafs. At this place alfo, and ziApenburg, the Schu-
Jenburg fpiritual infpedion over the churches in the boroughs and villages
is alternately held ; in which infpedion the Lords of the Schulenburg
are pofTefled of the right of patronage. The Marggrave Albert took
this place, in 1202, from the family of Krochern; Otto IL mortgaged it,
in ] 204, to Werner and Theodorick of the Schutenburg, for the fum of 2000
marks of filver; and his hxoih.tr Albert difjiofed of it, in 1214, to the
family of the Sckulenburg, as an hereditary fief, in confideration of 7000
marks. 2. Of

Old-Mark.] GERMANY. 647
2. Of Apenbiirg^ a fmall town or borough, which occurs io early as in
the records of the twelfth century, and was conferred, in 1349, by the
Marggrave jLew/j the Rider, on the family of the Schulenburg. In it is feeii
the noble houfe, together with the old fort and the feat of the Schuleuburg
tribunal, in which the judge in common of the Lords of the Schu-^
knlmrg refides ; and eighty fire-places. With refped to the fpiritual
infped:ion, which is alternately held here and at Betzendorj\ fee this latter.
The provincial-court is held twice a year, once at this place and once at
Betzendorf.
3. Of Rittleben, a noble citadel and eftate, fituated near Apenburg, and
which, in 1747, on the deceafe of Ham George of the Schuleuburg, fell
to the Lieberoje line.
4. Of the provofllliip near the church of St.ilijrv, in Old-Salzivedel, which
was conferred, in 1545, on Levin the Tounger of the Schidcnburg, for his
life, and afterwards in fief on him and his coufin of the fame name, but
called the Elder; to the poflerity of the latter of whom it flill remains, having
been ceded to them by the former.
5. Of Walßeben, Kobbel, Mahlwinkel and Oßerivohl.
6. Of the following vogties, which belonged to the very ancient family
of the Lords of Bartenßtben, and, as that family became extindl in the perfon
of Gebhard Werner in the year 1 742, are now fallen to his only daughter
Anna Catherina Adelheid, widow to Count Adolphui Frederick of the Schuleuburg
at Betzendorf, and her fons.
1. The vogtey of Sieirnke, fituated in the morafTy wood of 'Dromling,
This vogtey comprizes in it fix places, two of which belong to the prefecturate
of Knejebeck in Lüneburg.
2. The vogtey of Rohrberg on the Jeeze, to which belong ten places.
3. The vogtey of Metzdorf on the Bieje, to which belong twelve places.
Among them is
Bellingen, a large village, celebrated for the fmall turneps of the Mark
and the great quantities of white cole-cabbage raifed i:i it : together with
Erxleben, which is not to be confounded with the place immediately following
; and other places.
2. The Lords of Ahenßeben are pofTefTed of,
I. The jurifdidion of Erxleben, which lies between the territories of
Tlalberßadt and Magdeburg, being feparated almoll on all fiiles fi'cm the
remaining trafts of the Old-Mark. This jurifdidion confifts of fix parochialvillages
; namely, Erxleben, Uhrßeben, Eimerßeben, Oßingerßeben, Bregenfiat
and Horfmgen. The once large lake near Oßingerßeben was drained, in
1719, and that alfo oi .Bruch near Erxleben in 1721, and both of them
converted partly into arable ground and partly into pafture lands. The foreft
near Erxleben is
confiderable.
2. Ifenfihnibbe,

648 GERMANY. [Old-Mark.
2. Ifenfcbnibbe, or the Iron-Schnippe^ is a ftrong houfe or caftle, feated
on the Milde^ not far from Gardelegen, and has been poffefled by the family
oi Albenßehen fince the year 1343.
3. The jnrifdidion of Ärf'/^d', comprizing in it
Kalbe, a fmall town, feated in a fwampy iverder, or ifland, on the Milde,
and environed by that river. This place, in the feodal letters and other
records is ftiled a town, but in other refpeäs is only a village of about eightyfive
üre-placcs. In 1324, the family of Krochern difpofed of it to that of
Aheji/ltben. The ftrong old caftle here is now ruinous. At this place is
alfo a fpiritual infpedtion
belonging to the noble family of Alvenßeben.
Innerhalb icierders, lying towards Salzwedel and Arjidfee, together with
twelve entire villages, and part likewife of three others ; as alfo Außerhalb
mocrdcrs, lying near Gardelegen., and ten whole villages ; among which are
Great-Engerjen, Berge, Schenkenhorfl, &c.
Bijmark, a fmall town of feventy-five fire-places, and lying about half a
Gennan mile's diftance from the Biefe. This place had formerly a fort.
The Lords of Ahenßeben adminiller the upper and lower tribunals at this
place by their colledtive judges. In 1676, Bißnark was entirely confumed
by fire.
The jurifdidlion of Zichtoiv, the tribunal of which, as alfo the judge belonging
thereto, has its refidence at the noble feat of Zichto-w. The villages
belonging to this jurifdiilion lie
before the wood of Dromling.
3. The Lords of jfagow are poflelTed of Great and Little -Aulofen, as alfo
of Scharpenhufe, Strefaii, Oevelgunne, Pollitz.e, Kalberioifch, tJchtenhagen,
Kohlenberg, Vielbaum, Garze, Kruden, Natewifch and Gcrhoß, all villages belonging
to
the infpedlion of Seehaiifen.
4. The Lords of i)/ywrtr^', ever fince the year 1562, at which time they
ceded the prefedlurate of Borg/lall to the eledoral houfe, are pofiTclTed of
Krevefe, a noble citadel, or palace, on whofe fite formerly ftood a Benedi^i?2e
nunnery, which after the Reformation was fupprefled by the Sovereign.
To this citadel belong fourteen villages, together with fix feats in the
Wifehen.
Schonhaufen and Fifchheck, villages which formerly conftituted a prefecturate.
Thefe villages lie indeed beyond the Elbe, in the circle of J erichau ,
in the dutchy of Magdeburg, but defcending to the Lords oi Bijmark, were
difmembred from it and added to the Old-Mark.
5. The Lords of Schenken are pofTefTed of Flechtingen, near which is a
confiderable foreft, as alfo of Boddenfehl, Lemfehl and Haßelburg.
6. Luderitz, appertaining to the Lords of Luderitz.
7. yeetze, which belongs to the Lords of Jeetze.
8. The Lords of Kannenbergsse pofi'efl^ed of Krumbke, Bußche, Iden, Berge,
Be'verlaak and Rohtenhof.
9, l'ylßn,

Prignitz.] GERMANY.
9.
649
Tylp'n, belonging to the Lords of the Knefebeck.
10. Kladen, Bertkoic and Lindßat^ appertaining to the feveral noble families
ftiled
therefrom.
1 1. That traft which formerly conftituted the eftates of Ch^valco'w/ky, Mol~
lendorf, Pleetz, Rengerßag and Bilbcrg, is in the poiTeffion of the Counts of
Wilkcmtz.
The P R I G N I T Z,
§.i. np HE Prignitz, in the electoral confirmations of the immunities
-* of the province and towns, is always called the Vurmark, and
never the Prig?titz. The etymology and fignification of the latter of thefe
names is not very well known.
§.2. It terminates on the Elbe and Ha'vel, the dutchy of Mecklenburg and
the circles of Ruppin and Havelland in the Middle-Murky being ten German
and feven and a half broad.
miles and a half long,
§. 3. The arable land here is, according to itsgoodnefs, divided into fjur
clafles. The care of King Frederick WilUarn for the improvement of the
foil of the Mark has likewife been extended to this province, and the
Wendfeld, near B^nekow, as alfo to the trads near Sejnlin, Dahnin, Witftok
and Rofenwinkel, which have all been rendered more fruitful by his means.
When the Elbe overflows its banks in the fpring and lays the circumjacent
arable and pafture-lands under water, fuch circumftance, as well here as in
Xhz Old-Mark, is of advantage to it, the land being thereby manured ; but
when the inundations happen in fummer, a httle before or after the fealliof
St. John, it is of very great prejudice. At Freienßein the fmall turnep is much
cultivated. The heaths oi Eldenburg, Zecblin znd Leuzen, the laft of which
is otherwife called the Dargard, are confiderable woods.
§. 4. The Prigtiitz contains in it eleven towns and two hundred and fortyfix
villages. The immediate towns here are, in their refpedtive order,
thole of Perlberg, Pritzivalk, Kyritz, PLroelberg and Lenzen. The town
of JVitßock is alfo immediate, but having been once epifcopal, is not reckoned
among the former. The nine fpiritual infpeftions here liand under the general
fuperintendant of the Old-Mark and Prignitz. In this country have
fettled fifty-four families of Counts, Barons and nobility.
§. 5. This province is divided into feven circles : namely.
Vol. V. 4 O I. jnfo

650 GERMANY. [Prignitz.
I. Into the circle of Perlberg^ to which belong eighty villages»
We fhall remark here,
1. Perlbergy the head town of the province, and lying on the Stcpenitzy
which divides itfelf at this place into two branches. Of thefe, one pafles
by the town, but the other divides iffelf again, near the wall-houfe, into
two other branches, both v/hich run through the centre of the town. Perlberg
contains in it above three hundred and fixty-nine dwelling-houfes. At
the head-church hererefides the infpedlor of the fpiritual inipeäion oi Perlberg.
Near the hofpiral of the Holy Ghoß is a liiiall church with a peculiar
preacher and catechilt belonging to it. The principal fubfiftence of its inhabitants
is drawn from handicrafts and agriculture. The town hears the
direBorhim among thofe of this province. Formerly it flood for fome
time under the Counts ot Mecklenburg. In 1638, it was miferably plundered
and laid walle by the Swedes. In 1621, 1626 and 1638, it fuftered
damage by fire.
2. The royal prcfedurate of Eldenburg, which furmerly belonged to
the family of ^litzow, in whom are ftill^vefted the manors of Stejo and
St erbitz.
3. The Ganß, which the noble Lords of Putlifz arepoflefled of. In this
trad is
Witteaberge, a fmall town, fituated on that called the Old-Elbe, which,
not far from this place receives into it the Stepe?Htz and Kartau, and afterwards
unites itfelf again with the real Elbe. The Barons of Putlitz are
poffefled of a toll at this place on the latter. The town itfelf contains
about one hundred burghers and inhabitants. In the feventeenth centurvit
fuftered by three feveral fires, the lafl: of which happened in 1686. On two
mountains hard by it, which are called the Baron Mountains, or Freyrbnrg,
are ftill to be feen two Barons houfes. The Lords of Putlitz, fo ea'rly as
the year 1270, filled themfelves from this place.
V/o]fjl:agen, and eighteen other villages.
4. Kiimlofen, a village, feated on the Elbe, and the proprietor of which
was likewife polTeffed of a toll at this place. Kiimlojen belonged to the now
extindl: family of Mollendorf.
5. Stavenau, appertaining to the Lords of Kleiß.
6. Kleetzke, a village, which is the property of the Counts oi Kameke.
Schilde, a village, belonging to the Lords of Gravetiitz.
J.
8. Karßatt, a village, appertaining to the Lords of Karflatt.
9. ^itzoiü, a village, which is the property of the Lords of Plabten.
This village is the original place of the Lords of ^iitzow.
II.
Into

Prlgnitz.] G E R M A N r.
»51
II.
Into the circle of Pj'izwalk, containing in it fifty-fix villao-es.
We (hall
remark here,
1. Prizwalk, an immediate town, featcd on the Domnifz and containing
a fpirltual infpedion. In the year 1642, one half of this pLice was burnt
down. In 1654, it again fuffered confiderable damage by the fame dreadful
calamity.
2. Zum heiligen Grabe, a cloyfter, containing one abbefs and twentyfeven
ladies.
3. Marienflies, or Sfepenitz, alfo a cloyfter for fix ladies.
4. Freienjiein, a fmall town of one hundred and fixteen fire-places, and
belonging to the Lords of Wintei-feld, In the year 171 8, this place was
wholly deftroyed by fire. Near it grows the fmall turnep in great plenty.
Not far from hence alfo rifes the Stepenitz.
5. Meienburg, a fmall town, belonging to the Lords of Rohr, and containing
in it about one hundred burghers. In the year 1574, one half of
this place was deftroyed by fire. Not far from it rifes the river Do^.
6. Putlitz, a fmall town, which is the original place of the GaJife, who
arelikewife Lords of Putlitz; and under their jurifdidlion it ftill continues.
Jn it is a fpiritual infpedion. In the years 1684 and 169 1, Putlitz was
almofl entirely deftroyed by fire.
7. Grabow, a village, belonging to the Lords of that name.
8. Frehne, Burghagen, Scho?ihagen, and other places, all the property of
the Lords of Burghagen.
III. Into the circle of Kyritz^ which contains in it twenty-four
villages.
In this circle we fhall
remark,
1 . Kyj-itz, an immediate town, fituated on the rivulet of Ja^elitz, and
containing a fpiritual infpedion. This place is very confiderable for its
agriculture. In the years 1562, 1622, 1636 and 1674, it fuffered great
damage by fires. To the magiftracy here belong fome adjoining lakes ; as,
namely, the Bork lake, which begins at the village of Bork, and near Karnzau
is called the lake of Karnzau, or the Sdz; and the Great, or Stolp lake.
The three which pafs under thofe names are called the Upper Lakes, and
have a communication with the Under Lake by means of a canal. At tlie
latter alfo lies the village of Bautikau.
4 O 2 IV. Into

^52 GERMAN r.
[Prignitz,
IV. Into the circle of Havelber

Prignitz.] GER M A N T. 65
2. The H:?veIorf, near the Suhre, the latter o!-' which is a large and confiderable
meadow belonging to the town of Werben, and the former the
name of the place fituate between the villages of Nitzau and ^litzobt!,
where the Havel goes into the Elbe.
3. Rubjlat, a vi'lage, belonging to the Lords of Grumbkaii, and in the
church of which is the hereditary burying-place of the family of ^ritzou.',
to whom it formerly appertained. To this village is alio annexed Belau.
r ->
V. Into the circle of Lenzen^ which Comprizes in it thirtyfeven
villages.
In this circle we fliall
remark,
1. Lenzetjy an Immediate town, fituated in a fine fpot not far from the
Elbe, and flanding on two lakes, one of which receives into it the Lockcnitz,
and near Elienbiirg runs into the Eide, which laft-mentioned river
runs alfo into the Elbe. The new town here is feparated from the old by
wet ditches, but is environed by the fame wall. In this town alfo is an infpedlion.
In 1558, Lenzen was entirely demolifhed by fire. In 1627,
1630, 1638, 164O, 1652, and in particular in 1703, it fuflained likewlfe
great damages by the fame dreaJfui calamity, Over the Elbe, in this part,
lies a ferry ; and at this place alf'o ;s ellabliihed a toll on the fame river.
2. The royal prefedturate of Lenzen, which has its feat at the old fort
lituate near the town, or, rather, in a building Wi)ich was ereded between
the years 1725 and 1727, cut of the flones of the old fort. To this nrefefturate
belongs Bakern, with otiier villages.
VI. Into the circle of TVitfiock^ comprizing in it nineteen^
viilagesj
We fliall
cake notice of,
1. JVitßcck, an immediate town, lying in a fwampy bottom. Through
it pafTes a branch of the Dojj'e, but that river itfelf runs round the town
and below It receives the Glitize. At Witflock are two churches, together
with a fpiritual infpedion. Formerly it belonged to the bifhops of Havclberg,
who refided in the prefent ruinous palace here; for which reafon it
belongs not to the States of the Mark, but is immediately fubjedl to the
Eledor. To this town appertains the village oi Rakjlede, with other places.
2. Tlie royal prefedturate of Goldbeck, fituated on the river E)oß^.
3. The 1 oval prefedurateof Zechlin. The name of ZaM;^ is applied
both to a village and a borough : The latter of thefe lies under the amthoufe,

654 GERMANY. [Middle-Mark,
houfe, on the fite of which formerly flood an eleftoral palace. Not fa
from hence too is a cryftal and glafs-houfe,
V'll. Into the circle of TFilfnachj comprizing in it ten
villages.
In this circle we fliall take notice of,
1. Wilfnack, a fmall town feated on the Karfau, and containing a fpiritual
infpedlion.
This place, together with the villages oi Legde, Great and Little
Liibcn, and the manor of Oevelgu7ine appertains to the Lord of Saldern ;
whole feat here is called the Wudenhof. AH thefe feveral places formerly
belonged to the Plattenburg. JVilfnack became anciently very famous by
means of a piece of fuperftition there, no lefs than three hofts being worfliipped
at this place, which hofts, in 1383, remained untouched in the
church when it was burnt down, and upon each of them was feen a drop
of blood. To thefe hofts numerous pilgrimages were made from the remoteft
countries ; by which means this place rofe from a village to a
fmall town. At length the hofts, which had been fo long mifapplied to
the purpofes of fuperftition, were burnt in 1552 by the Lutheran preacher,
yoachim Ellefeldt. In 1690 this town was almoft wholly confumed
by fire.
2. The Plattenburg, a citadel lying on the Kartau, and formerly belonging
to the h\(\no^% oi Haz^elberg, but in 1551 was ceded by the Eledlor
Joachim II. to Matthias of Saldern, whofe pofterity are ftill in pofleffion
thereof.
rhe MIDDLE- MA R K.
§. 1. '"T^HIS country terminates on the Prignitz, the dutchy of Magde-
-* burg^ the Saxon eledtoral circle, the Loiver-Lufatia, the Nciimark,
the Uckermark, and the dutchy of Mecklenburg, The Marggrave
Albert the Bear receiving this country in inheritance of the Wendißi King
Bribizlaus, or Henry, it was from the town of Brandenburg ftiltd the
Mark thereof, but afterwards by way of diftinftion from the Old-Mark
which is fituated beyond the Elbe, was named the New-Mark, which laft
appellation alfo it retained till the fifteenth century, when the name of the
Iseumark was peculiarly applied to that province or country now fo called ;
whereas the country, of which we are here to treat, received the name of
the M'ddk-Mark. 5
§.2. The

Middle-Mark.] G E R M A N T.
§. 2. The moO: f(^rtile part lies in the ßrz/c/j-villages on the O^l-r, in the
cnc\Q% o\ HcrccHaud and Riippin. In thefe circles, as alio in thereof the
Zauch and Nicderbarnim the lands are divided according to their ievcx'-al
degrees of fertility into four clafles ; in that of the Oberharnim into ^w, and
in thofe of the 'Teltoio, Lebus, Breshio and Storkow, into fliil a greater
number. Under the King's Frederick William, and Frederick II. many
marfliy and unferviceable trafts in it have been greatly improved ; as for inflance
near Kopenik, Belilz, Kapz.au, Wußermark, Hoppenradc, Rohrbeck, Dyratz,
Licbtcrfelde, Prizerhe, Nauen, Ratenau, Rbinnu, Neuftadt on the F>o]p,
Schwante, Granfee, RauJchcndorJ, Zehlendorf, Liebenwalde, Kreiitzbrucb,
Oranienburg, Jcachinijlhal, Ranjt, Hau, Buckau, Ziefar, Luderfdorf,
Lowenbruch, Genjhagen, Vieljlock, Krampfuhl, Stremmen, Wuderhaujen,
Werder, Profzel, Rehfeld, Geilfiorf, Hirfclfeld, the Frankfurt meadows,
the Arcnfdorf B uch, GieJendorJ, Charlottenhurg, Plauen, Bagau, Markgrafpieske,
Fricderfdorj, Storkau, and the Briu-h near Kujlrin. Among
thefe the moft important improvements have been made in the Koniq:ß:orf,
between Nauen and FehrhelUn, and the manors in the great Od^rtruch,
fituated betwixt IVrietzen and Kujirin. In feveral parts of this Mark they
alfo apply themfelves to the cultivation of vines. Near Teltow arrows the
favourite fmall turnep in great quantities. In the tra

5^6
GERMANY. [Middle-Mark.
this country mention alfo has been made more than once. The circle is
divided into,
I, The proper HatellaJid, in which is,
I. Brandenburg, ai) immediate town, from whence the whole eledlorate
takes I's
name, and wliicb upon public and general occafions, ranks the firft
among the leveral towns of the Mark in giving in its vote and lubfcribing.
It lies on the Haijel, which not only divides the old and new town from
each other, but alio leparates the fort from them both, and likewife environs
the nev/ town to the left of it with a particular trench, on which a
fluice has been ereifl:cd. The IFends retaining this country ftill in their poffeihon,
Brandenburg in their language was called Branmbor, that is, JValdburg.
CBiirlcmagne made himlelf mafter thereof; but towards the clofe
of the ninth century under King Arnulph the Wendi recovered it again.
King He?iry I. deprived them of it a fecond time by force in the year 928,
aboliihing their idolatrous worfhip which they performed to the T'riglaf o\\
the mountain of ///r7rA//7g-, and built thereon a church in honour ot the
Virgin Mary ; from which time the mountain has had the name of the
Marienberg. At prefent the church is no longer in being, but the mountain
is planted with wines. The Emperor Otto I. in the year 949, eieded
a biihopric at this place. Under the Emperor Otto II. the Wendi retook
the town ; and though towards the clofe of the tenth century it fell twice
again into the hands of the Germam, yet it was foon after loft. In 1 loi it
was reduced anew by the Marggrave Luther Udo II. but came again under
the power of the Wends, whofe King Pribizlaus, eftablifhed his refidence
at this place, which together with the whole country was made a donation
of to the xMars^rave Albert the Bear.
The old town here contains about four hundred inhabitants, and the
new town about twice that number. Both thefe towns ever fince the year
1714 have been under the diredlion of one magiftracy. Each of them contains
in it two churches. At the head-church of the new town refides the
fuperintendent of the fpiritual infpedion of this place. The building which
formerly ferved as the biHiop's feat, and ftood in the old town, was conferred
in 1 56 1, by the eledoral Prince John George, as adminiftrator of the
bifliopric, on a branch of the family of Bardeleben, who difpofed of it in
1567 to Matthias of Salder?!, and by the widow of the latter it was allotted
in 1569 for a town-fchool, which is ftill called the Salderißj-fchool. In the
new town is alfo a Latin fchool. At Brandenburg likewife is a fmall colony
of iv-^wci^ Cahinifls, together with a manufadlure of cloth, fuftian,
and canvas. In this town too is carried on a good trade and navigation, and
on the Havel at this place a toll is eftabliflied.
The fort here looks like a fuburb. In it lies the cathedral church, as
alfo the refidences of the greateft part of the members of the chapter, and
a riding-fchool, in which young noblemen are inftrudted. Under biOiop
Matthias

Middle-Mark.] GERMANY. 657
Matthias of Ingau the Proteftant dodrine and worHiip were introduced into
the chapter. After his death Duke Joachim o^ Miinficrberg was elected hifliop
in the year i 546, and he dying the eledoral Prince John George took
upon him the adminiftration of the billiopric, which, on his entering upon
the eledoral dignity in 1571, was laft of all afll.imed by the eledoral
Prince Joachim Frederick. The chapter, however, has been kept up, and
confifts ever fince the year 1568 of feven perfons, who are the provoff,
the dean, the fenior, the fub-fenior, and three other canons. King Frederick
II. in 1755 conferred upon it a peculiar diftinöion and chapter-crofs
of gold enamelled with violet, and terminating in eight points. The chapter
is poffefl'ed befides of the great and fmall Domkiet-z near the town, as alfo
of the villages of Barneivitz, Bnckau, Butzau, Damftie, GrauingcH, Muzelitz,
Garlitz, Marzahn, Tref?2mc?2, Zacho, Sctmerzke and Saringen ; together
with the manors of Sehletifdorf, Kick, Feldmark, Gapel, Mutzau,
Miiggenburg and Grabau.
Near the old town is a lake, the length of which is eftimated at two
Gerfnan miles.
2. Potjdam, an immediate town feated on an ifland formed by the Havel
and fome neighbouring lakes, and being about four German miles in circuit.
It appears from records that Potjdam was in being fo early as the
eighth century. In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries it was but a
mean place, and belonged to the family of Rochaii, who ceded it in 1416
to the eledloral houfe. The Eledlor Frederick William made it his pleafurefeat,
and in 1662 built the caftle here, which was afterwards enlarged by
King Frederick I. and adorned with a fine portal. King Frederick William
began to make fome very coftly additions to the town ; for which purpofe he
caufed feveral moraffes to be filled up and built upon, and a canal of fifty
paces wide and 2000 in length to be carried on out of the Havel through
the center of the town to a branch again of the fame river. This canal is
planted on both fides with trees, and environed with well built houfes.
The town itfelf is divided into the old and new, and the Friederichßadf, to
which alfo belongs the Bodengraft. King Frederick II. has raifed the caille
one ftory, enlarged it with two wings, and adorned it with magnificent
apartments. The old houfes in the neighbourhood of the caftle arc pulled
down, and inftead of them new, regular, and grand buildings have been
raifed for the owners at the King's expence. Before the caftle is a large
place or fquare adorned with Roman columns, in which the foldiers that lie
here in garrifon are daily exercifed. The pleafure-garden adjoining to the
caftle is beautifully adorned with hedges, water-works, gildings and ftatues.
In the market-place is ereded a pyramidal obelillc of four fides,
which are compofed of variegated Silefuin marble, and is feventy-five 'io.^l
in height. On each fide ftands a marble buft of the Kings from Frederick I.
to Frederick II. The pedeftal of it is of white Italian marble, and at each
Vol. V. 4 P corner

658 GERMANY. [Middle-Mark.
corner is a fmall ftatue of the fame. The town-church, which ftands
not far from the caftle, is a fine rtru^ture. The garrifon-church here is
large, and has a marble pulpit, under which lies the monument of King
Frederick William. Jn the lofty and beautiful tov^^er of this church is placed
a very fine and accurate fet of chimes. The French church here is a neat
byiilding, ornamented with a cupola.
The church of the Holy Ghoß has alfo
,a lofty tower toit. The council-houfe is a new building, having a fine cupola.
In the large orphan-houfe, which was founded in 1724, are maintained,
brought up and educated above 2000 foldiers children of both
fexes. Belonging to it is one Lutheran and one Cahinift preacher. To this
foundation is annexed the neighbouring village of Bornftadt, together
with the gold and filver manufadure, and the magazine at Berlin. The
foundery for arms here is important. We find likewife in this town a
velvet and filk manufadfory, as alfo other manufaftures and fabrics.
In it too ordinarily refide the King's guards, both horfe and foot, with
other battalions, by way of garrifon. The flails for the horfes of the former
is a fpacious, regular, and beautiful building.
Near the town are numbers of vineyards, on the planting of which the
Eledor Frederick William caufed the layers to be brought out of the beft
wine-countries. In the park, which is interfered with viftas in form of a
flar, flands a royal hunting-houfe called the Star.
Not far alfo from the town is
Sa7ts Souci', a royal pleafure-palace, which prefents the eye with a remarkable
fine profpecl. King Frederick II. foon after his acceflion to the
crown caufed this palace to be eredled on a defolate mountain in a very ingenious,
fine, and grand tafle both within and without. This mountain
is cut into fix terralTes, to each of which we afcend by twelve fteps, and
againfl: the walls upon each terrafs are planted the befl: vine-fi:ocks, which
are kept under glafs-cafes. On the upper-part of the mountain, whence
we have a moft agreeable view of the town and its adjacent territories,
ftands the palace, which is indeed but fmall and only one ftory high, yet
on account of its regularity, elegancy and ornaments, confifting of the
greateft mafter-pieces in fculpture, painting, and the other arts, is admirable.
The ftatues fiom the cabinet of antiquities, which was formerly in the
poflefiion of the cardinal Polignac, are likewife to be feen here. In the center
too of this palace is a round hall lined with marble, which by means of
its magnificent columns, excellent paintings, and the beauty of its floor,
the marble of which is difpofed in the form of flowers after the Florentine
manner, flirikes the eye very agreeably. On the top of it is a cupola,
which fupplies it abundantly with light. One of the apartments in this
palace is wainfcotted with cedar, ornamented with foliage of gold, and in
this apartment is kept a fmall library. Behind the palace is a covered femicircular

Middle-Mark.] GERMAN T.
659
micircular pallage, adorned on each fide with columns ; befidcs which the
palace is furrounded alio on three fides of it with fine gaidens.
3. Werder, a fmall town feated on an illand, or IVerdcr, in the midO:
of the Havel, and having but one accefs to it, and that by naeans of a bridge.
4. Spandau, a town which is indeed not large, but thriving and well
inhabited. It ftands on the Havel, by the feveral branches of which it is
alio furrounded, and at the gate ot Streß here, that river receives into it
the Spree. In the town is a corredion and fpinning-houfe. Before it, in
that part where the Spree runs into the Havel ftands a fort, which, as well
on account of its works as of the rivers and morafles around it, is a place
of very confiderable ftrength. Near it too, fince the yv;ar 1722, an excellent
foundery for arms has been eftabliihed. The Eledtor George William
was obliged in 163 i to cede this fortrefs to the Siuedes, who refigned it
again in 1634.
5. Nauen, a. town, which fince the fires it has fuffered by in 1 414, 151 3,
1570, 1626, 1696, 1743, has been almoft entirely built anew. This
place Is famous for its agriculture and its breed of cattle.
6. Rateuo, a town feated on the Havel, from which a canal is drawn
round the old town quite to that river, and lined with free-ftone. This
canal is furniflied with fluices, through which all veflels are to pafs on payment
of a certain toll. The town itfelf contains in it to the number of fix
hundred fire-places, and is divided into the old and new. The latter of
thefe was founded about the year 1730, and adorn -d with very grand
houfes, in which divers noble families refide. In 1675 the Eledior Frederick
William furprized theStoedißj regiment of colonel PFangelin at this place,
part of whom were cut to pieces, and the reft with their colonel made prifoners.
In 1738 the Land-ftates, at the expence of upwards of 16000 rixdollars,
erefted a grand ftone monument in the new town to the honour of
this great eledtor ; on which monument he is reprefcnted ftanding, with
four prifoners of a gigantic fize at his feet. On the four fides of the [:edeftal
are fome German infcrlptions relative to the above-mentioned happy
furprizal of the Swedes at this place, and their defeat near Fehrbellin and
Warfehau, as alfo to the taking of the fortrefs of ^/r^?./««^ in 1678. In
1576 and 1591 this town was almoft wholly deftroyed by fire.
7. The prefedlurate of Oranienburgj to which belongs
Oranienburg, formerly called Botzau, a fmall town feattd on the Havel^
with a confiderable citadel belonging to it.
The Marggrave J'^jn ceded this
place and its prefeöurate in 1439 ^^ ^^^ family oi Arnim, which continued
in pofleflion of them both for feveral years, till they purchafed their redemption.
The Eledtor 'Joachim II. built here a hunting-houie. The E^lcdor
Frederick V/iUiam likewife eredted a confiderable citadel here, which in
honour of his confort Louifa, Prlncefs of Orange, he named Oranienburg j
and this name the town alfo has from that time obtained. King Frederick I.
4 P 2 caulcd

66o
GERMANY. [Middle-Mark.
caufed the citadel to be enlarged and beautified, and King Frederick II.
made a donation of the town and prefeäurate to his brother Augußus
William Prince of Priißa. The above-mentioned Eledorefs Loiiifa founded
an orphan-houfe here, the children in which are well brought up. In 1 590
and 1 67 1 this place was deftroyed by fire.
Havelhaiijhi, a manor.
The mills and villages of Lenzen, Schmachteithagen, Gerbendorf, Paiifm,
Barnecko, and Eickßadt.
8. The royal prefedlurate of Vehlefanz.
9. That of Berge.
10. To the royal prefedlurate of Ziegesar, which occurs under the
circle of Zauch, belongs.
Prezerbe, a fmall town, of about one hundred and twenty fire places,
and fituated on the Havel.
Ketzin, a thriving borough, feated in a very fertile
fpot on the fame river.
1 1. The royal prefedturate of Potsdam, which has its feat in the above
defcribed town, and to which belong the manors of Geko and Pirfchbeide,
with feveral villages.
12. The royal prefedlurate of Fahrland.
13. The royal prefedlurate of Spando, in the above defcribed town of
that name.
14. Plauen, a fmall town and citadel, feated on the Havel, which at
this place fpreads itfelf into a great lake, called the lake of Plauen. In this
town was a porcelain manufadlure. Plauen, together with the villages
belonging thereto, as alfo the citadel, and a fhare in the above-defcribed
little town of Prezerbe, and a village of Kutzko in the territory of Magdeburg,
was obtained in part by Curt oi Arnim ^ in the year i^JJ, in lieu of
his (hare in the Biefenthal, and partly alfo purchafed of Werner, a noble of
Plotho; whofe Ion Leonard of Arnim difpofed of all thefe confiderable
eftates in the year 16 10 to Chriflopher of Gome for the fum of 80000
dollars. The Lords of Gome are ftill in pofiTeflion of this little town, and
likewife of the places of Brieß and Niezahn.
2. Into the Glin, a little country of about fixteen villages. To it belongs,
Cremmen, a fmall town, containing about three hundred fire-places.
The King enjoys the jurildidlion at this place in common with the Lords
of Reder, and thofe of Lutke, Pjul, and Haake, fo that the King is poffefled
of fixteen, and the nobles together of eight fhares therein. The
town itfelf is old, and of it mention is made fo early as the twelfth century.
The Lurds of Bredo had one of their three original feats at this
place. In 1331 the Marggrave Lewis fought with ill fuccefs here againft
the Dukes of Pomerania; but in 141 3 the Eledlor Frederick I. won a
battle at this place againft the fame Dukes, aflifted by thofe of ^itzo.
3.. Into

:
Middle-Mark.] GERMANY. 66i
3. Into the little country of Bellin, a great part of which belonged to
the atprefent extind: family ofthat name. In this county lies
Fchrbellin, a fmall town, feated on the Mnn, over which is a paffage at
this place. This town is properly called Belli?:, and was the originaf feat
of the family of that name, but from the ferry, which formerly wafted
paflengers here over the Rhin, it has been called FehrhelUn. In the year
16 16 inflead of this ferry a bridge was eredted here. At this place alfo is
a royal prefedurate-othce, together with a fpiritual infpeftion. In 1675
the Elector Frederick William with 6000 horfe only defeated 13,000
Swedes at this place, who were under theconduft of General ^/-^7//^c/; Together
widi nine villages, which are partly royal, and partly noble.
4. Into the little country of Friefack, in which is
Friefack, a fmall town, under the jurifdidion of the Lords of Bredo,
who have one of their three original feats at this place. In the fourteenth
and fifteenth centuries Friefack was a flrong free-booting citadel, poflelled
by the family of ^litzau.
Together with fix villages, which almofl: all of them belong to the family
of Bredau.
5. Into the little country of Rbim, in which is
Rhino, a fmall town, taking its name from the river Rhin, and (landing
under the jurifdiftion of the Lords of Haagen
Together with eleven villages, belonging to the fame noble family.
6. Into the prefedturate of KoNiGSHORST, which was formerly a moraffy
and unpafllible wood fituated between Fehrbellin and Nauen. This
wood was five German miles in length, and between one and one and a
half broad. King Frederick William, httwttn. the years 1719 and 1738,
under the infpedion of the fupreme ranger, the Baron of Hartefeld, affifted
by the fkilful archited, war and domain counfellor ^/o/^t«, caufed it
tobe rendered capable of improvement; that is to fay, feveral ditches were
made here, eighteen perches in breadth, the water carried off, and trees
and flirubs grubbed up, on which occafion great quantities of amber, and
at a depth of fourteen feet whole trees of oak were found. To the great
expence, which this undertaking produced, the pofi"efibrs of the feveral
meadows adjoining thereto, were all, without diftindion, obliged to contribute
fomewhat. Upon that this trad of land was converted into a royal
prefedurate called KonigCoorfl. It confifts moflly of low lands, and
a little agriculture, which is produdive of rye, barley, oats, and buckwheat,
but principally yields excellent pafturage and breeds of cattle, and
fince the year 1752 has alfo had a flud of the fineft outlandifli horles. The
fix manors here of the höbe of Sund, the Nordhof, the Teutfchof, the Ktdjhorß,
the Kienberg, and the Hartefeld zvq filled with the fineft Holland,
Eali-Friefeland,
Hol/lein, Lithuanian, and Pomeranian cows, and the management
of them given to Dutch fart«ers. We meet in this trad with milk, butter,
and

662 GERMANY. [Middle-Mark.
and cheefe of the fined fort ; and numbers of oxen and fheep are alfo
fattened here. In 1737
a church was built at this place.
7. In the circle of Havelland are, exclufive of the above-mentioned
places, many others belonging to nobles, as for inrtance, Büdingen^ Great
and Little-BaJ?mtz, Bamme, Befzin, Bucho, Bujcbko, Carpzo, Dalgo^ DechtOy
Dobritz, Dwatz, Eutz, Falkenerde, Fargefer, Ferbitz, Gerjdorf, Glienickey
Gorz, Gutenbahren, Hirjchfeld, Ketzner, Kofchko, Lefizke, Leutzke, Lino,
Lowenberg, Markec, Marquard, Neuhaufen, Paretz, Parey, Priort, Retzo,
Ribbeck, Riivend, Schonaich, Schonwalde, Segefeld, Selbla?ig, Semlen, Sotzker,
Wilmerfdorf, Witzke, and Great-Ziethen.
II. The circle oi Niederbarnim, which comprizes in it eighty-five villages,
and contains,
I. Berlin, the capital of the whole royal Prußan and eledoral Brandenburg
territories, and likewife one of the largeft, fined, and m.ofi populous towns
in all Germany, and even one of the principal in Europe, being the refidence
of the royal and eledoral houfe, as alfo of the fupreme and fome other
high colleges, and confiding properly of five towns, which agreeably to the
con'-ents of the privileges of King Frederick William of 17 14, are ftiled the
royal refidence-towns, and united under one town-council. They have
alfo their peculiar fuburbs ; and in Berlin too are divers fine palaces, with
other beautiful and grand buildings. Its fhreets likewife are for the mod
part broad and ftraight, and fome of them very long and grand. There
are alfo feveral large and beautiful places or fquares here, together with
pleafant walks, and twenty-five churches, fourteen of which are Lutheran,
eleven Calviniß, and one Roman-c-i.'Ci\o\\z ; an academy of fciences, an
academy of arts and painting, a Collegium Anatomico-chirurgicum, five gymnaßa,
two public libraries, many excellent and important manufadures
and fabrics, and it is a feat likewife for the fine arts. Its circuit is not lefs
than that of Paris. In 1755 there were reckoned here 5826 houfes, and,
including the garrifon, with the wives and children belonging thereto,
126,661 perfons, among whom were 6541 French, 1253 Bohemians,
2595 y^~^^> ^"d 26,325 foldiers, having wives and children. Its police
is in divers refpeds excellent. It lies on the Spree, which pafles through
it in two principal branches, and feparates Coin fiom Berlin, New Coin from
the Old Coin, and the Friderichfwcrder from this lad. The excife here
amounts annually to be between four and five tons of gold.
With refped to the five refidentiary towns of which this capital is compofed,
thefe are, fird
The proper Berlin, which according to difiertation of the fupreme
confidorial counfellor Sufzmilch, was fird, that is to fay, in the twelfth
century, under the Marggrave Albert the Bear, built by fome Germans, or
by the colonids invited thither from the Netherlands and the Rhine, and
irom a dam laid in the Spree^ which is dill in being, for the keeping up
or

Middle-Mark.] GERMANY. 663
or turning off of the water, which was anciently called Bar and Berlin,
came to be named to dem Berlin, or limply Berlin, and loon after was
pitched upon for the marggraval relidence, and endowed likewffe with
many and very important privileges, among which in particiiLir was that
of coining. It was deprived of its coni"l:itution which nearly approached to
that of a republic by the Eleftor Frederick I. on account ot its commotion»
and rebellions. In this town are thirty-nine ftreets. In the fine King's
ftreet here is (ctn the council-houfe, at which the town-council of the
five feveral refidentiary-towns alfemble, as alfo the governor's houfc. The
hofpital and church of the Holy Gbo/l here are old buildings. In the ftieet
which has its name therefrom is the Joachimßhal gytntiafium of the Calvinijis,
which takes its name from the town of 'Joacbimjitbal, in which it was
founded by the Eleftor j^bö^ZvOT Frederick, and confecrated in 1607, but
removed hither in 1685. To it belongs the prefeiflurate oi Dambeck in
the Old-Mark, together with thole of Seehanfen, Blankenbiirg, Joachimßhal,
and Neuendorf in the Uckermark, and other eftates. In this gymnafiiim alio
a Seminarium theologicum has been founded. In the Spandau ftreet here
lies the magnificent garrifon-church, which was dedicated in 1722. At
the Lutheran parifh-church of St. Nicolas is a provoftlliip. In the great
provincial houfe at certain times the province of the Mark of Brandenburg
affembles yearly, and the pr()vincial treafurer refides conftantly therein. In
the Heydereuter ftreet is the fynagogue of the ye-n's. The new market is
the largert and moft regular in all Berlin. In it ilands the Lutheran parilhchurch
of St. Mary. At the corner of the Rofe-flreet lies the new Mainguard.
In the Cloyfter-ßrect is the Calviniji parifh-church, which was dedicated
in 1703, together with the new French church, confecrated in 1726,
and the Kornmejfer or Cahiniß orphan-houfe. The royal magazine hard- by
was anciently the eledoral burg or fort. In it is kept a great quantity of
rough Mark wool, which is divided among poor manufaöurers ; but on
the other hand the fluffs made from it are delivered in there again, afrer
which they are died and difpofed of to the merchants. The minifler of
ftate, wimc\y, yohn Andrew Kraut, firft projeäied this foundation, and in 1723
the whole arrangement was refigned to the great orphan-houfe at Potßlam.
The Lutheran gymnaßum at Berlin lies in what was formerly a Francifcan
cloyffer, the church belonging to which, otherwife called the church in
the gray cloyffer, alio adjoins to it. In the Stralau-Jirect flands the large
and hnQ Frederick's hofpital, in which above eight hundred children receive
inftruclion gratis. This hofpital has a church of its own, belonging to
which is both a Lutheran and a Cahiniß preacher. The building which
formerly ferved for the commandant's houfe, and was fituate in a bulwark or
baftion, is now the feat of an excellent pjrcelain manufadure, which is the
property of its projeftor the rich merchant Wegelin. The porcelain made
therein is confiderable whiter than the MiJ'nian, and alfo full as good, but
equals

^64.
GERMANY. [Middle-Mark.
equals it not hitherto in its paintings. At the King's gate is kept the court
of the cadets, in which the whole numerous body of that order refide,
board, and are inftruded in all noble exercifes, it being an admirable nurfery
for the army. At the Stralan gate within the bulwark, lies the new
and confidcrable royal vidualing-office. Between the King^ and the Spandau
gate is alfo another vidtualing-houfe.
The fuburbs of this town are frequently, though errroneoufly, ftiled the
Konigjladt^ but by others are divided into three vierteh or quarters. Thefe
quarters are i . The
Komgfviertel, which confifts of eighteen ftreets. In
it is the church of St. George with a hofpital. 2. The Spandau "ciertel^
which is alfo called the Sophienßadt, and contains in it twenty-four ftreets.
In this quarter is a Lutheran and French church. In the Friderichßadt
lies the fumptuous garden of Count Reuffen.
In the Oranienbiirg-ßrcct lies
the garden in which the confort of King Frederick William formerly refided,
and which w^as called Monbijon. The building belonging to itconfifts indeed
but of one ftory, yet is very fine and pleafant. Before the Spandau gate
is the Charite allotted by King Frederick William for the ufe of the poor,
fick, and infirm, in which alfo has been ereded a fchool for midwifery.
This quarter contains one Cahifiiß and one Lutheran preacher. 3. The
Stralau Viertel confifling of thirteen ftreets. At the Krauts ßreet herein
lies what was formerly Kraut's, but afterwards the excellent garden of Count
Haack. In this quarter are two other remarkable gardens ; namely, that
of the houfe oi Belvedere, and that of the Kraus garden. Before the Stralau
gate ftands a fugar refinery. Before the Oranienburg gate is the large and
grand invalid-houfe, which King Frederick IT. caufed to be ereded and
confecrated in 1748. On it is the following infcription : viz. Lajo & inviSlo
Militi; and in it dwell fix hundred foldiers and thirteen officers, who,
together with their wives and children amount to about 1000 fouls. Each
foldier, exclufive of his mounting guard, has every fifth day fix ggr. in
money.'and feven pounds of bread, and exclufive of lodging, is likewife fupplied
gratis with fuel. At each end of this great building is a fmall church,
one for the Lutherans the other for Roman-cmhoWcs.
A principal arm of the Spree runing between the proper Berlin and
Coin, fome bridges have therefore been laid over it. Of thefe the principal
is the long bridge which leads from the above-mentioned King's-ßreet to
the citadel fquare, being lined on the outfide with a moft beautiful freertone
and confifi;ing of five arches. This bridge is one hundred and fixty
feet long, and ornamented with an excellent metal ftatue, reprefenting the
great Eledor Frederick William.
Coin on the Spree was probably, as well as Berlin, built in the time of
the Marggrave ^4lbert the Bear by the Netherlandißs and Nether-Renißj colonifts,
and perhaps alfo by thofe that came thither from the quarter o^ Cologne.
It was formerly a feparate town, and had alfo its own walls and gates, but
I
thefe

i
Middle-Mark.] G E R M A N T: 665
thefe on the enlargement of the town were gradually pulled down. The
Spree environs it with two of its branches, thereby forming it into an ifland.
It lies indeed properly in the circle of Teltau, but is moft conveniently df-
^fcribed here. In it are twenty-five ftreets. As we come out of Berlin over
the long-bridge, the firfl: remarkable thing we meet with here, is the citadel-fquare,
and therein the very grand and internally magnificent royal par.
lace, which, reckoning from the ground, is four-ftories high. This palace
is not throughout of one regular and uniform plan, the feveral Eletflors,
down from 'Joachim II. having made additional buildings thereto. King
Frederick I. however, is to be confidered the principal founder of it, and
had not death cut him off in the midft of his plan, this building would
have exceeded all other European royal palaces whatever in extent and
magnificence. The State and other chambers here, in which the royal
perTbnages refide, are ornamented with excellent paintings and fumptuous tapeftry
in the moft beautiful manner, and in particular with fuch a quantity
of gold and filver furniture as is not to be met with in any European court.
For other matters we find alfo in this palace the royal cabinet of artificial and
natural curiofities, together with the palace-difpenfary, and the royal library.
Not far from it too ftands the new and magnificent Cahinift cathedral
church, which was dedicated in 1750, but is too low. In the vault
beneath it are the burying-places for the royal and eledoral corps. The
broad-ftreet here is really of confiderable breadth, and ornamented with
magnificent and fumptuous buildings, among which are the royal ftables.
Hard by it lies the new riding-academy. At St. Peters church is a provoftfhip,
and not far from it the Coln^ or Petrin gymnafium^ which is Lutheran.
The Coin market is decorated with grand houfes. The Fr derichjgraft and
the New Stechbahn boaft likewife fine houfes, of which numbers alfo are to
be feen in other parts of this town. The Muhlendamm lies juft in the centre
between Berlin and Coin, and near the adjoining grand and very profitable
royal mills, which ftand under an amt-ofiice of their own, runs the great
road from Berlin to Coin,
Neiv-Coln is now become a confiderable part of the old town of Coin,
from which it is feparated by the Spree, and confifts of about four ftreets,
which lie along the rampart and the Spree. In that ciiWtdiXhe Ramparf-flreet
are fome excellent houfes, as alfo the Sahhof, where the ftaple of the fait
from Halle is kept, which fait is exported from hence to the other royal
territories by means of the new canal and the Oder. In this part likewil'e
is the houfe and obfervatory of the late privy-counfellor Bernhard Frederick
oi Krofigk. In the fugar-refinery, which was founded not far from the
bridge on the Spree by the celebrated Splitgerber the merchant, out of one
caft of fix pans 12,000 lb. weight of fiigar are made, and the 100,000
earthen fugar-loaf moulds necelTary to each refinery are conftruffed hero by
a mafter and fixteen journeymen. In this fugar-houfe, and in that alio
Vol. V. 4 Q_
before

666 GERMANY. [Middle- Mark.
before the Stralau-gate, as much fugar is prepared, as is fufficient to fupply
the whole PruJJian countries.
The Coin luburbs lie in a fine and pleafant fpot and a fruitful plain, confifting
of fome ftreets, as alfo of many gardens and fome arable land, which
will in time be cultivated. Thofe fuburbs were in 1736 inclofed within
the outer wall.
Before the Kopenick-gate lie the Köpenick-fuburbs, which have their own
Lutheran church. The council's farm here ftands very pleafantly, commanding
a fine profpedl quite round it, particularly along the Sptre.
The Fridericbjkcerder was built by the Eledtor Frederick William on a
fwampy loerder, or ifland, and confifls of nineteen flreets, among whichthat
called the Leipzig-ßreet is principally to be remarked, and does great
credit to the town. The huiheran church here with the hofpital of
St. Gertrude were rebuilt anew in 1744. In the Frederick- llreet lies what
is called the Prince's houfe, being a very fine building. The two head
teachers of the gytm:afium in the Friderichfivcrder are alternately Lutheran
and Cakiniß. With this gymnajium is united the fchool of Friderichfladt.
made ufe of both by the Lutherans and Cahi-
The German church here is
Jiißs, the forenoon fervice on every other Sunday being performed therein by
the latter, and that in the afternoon by the former. This building is only
parted by a wall from the principal French church. Not far from the fluice
here lies the ftaple for the excellent mirrors caft near Neu/ladt on the
DoJJ'e., in which are to be found pieces from ninety to a hundred inches.
At prefent this work and magazine is pofl^effed by the royal privy military
counfellor Krug of Nidda. The new mint is a fine ftone building two
ftories in height. The fluice here is built of freeftone on a beautiful and
durable model, and promotes the navigation on the Spree. The bridge
laid over it leads to the Packhof, where ail goods and wares of the »lerchants
are unladen which come either by land or water. At the fame place alfo
the excife and toll is coUedled by the King's officers, but the cellerage
there by the magiflrate to whom it
belongs. In the great Jager-ßreet here lies
the royal hunting-houfe. In the market is a Gennan and a Freiich church.
The royal arlenal is a large, excellent, grand, well furniflied, and extremely
well difpofed building, having fcarce its Tqual. The royal
foundery fronts one fide of it towards the rampart, and in the bulwark to
the right hand of this foundery, towards Dorotkeenßadt, lies the laboratory.
Over againft the arfenal is the palace of the Prince of Prußa. In the flaple
' rampart-ßreet ftands alfo the French council-houfe, at which not only the
court-days aie held, but the place hkewife where the fupreme French direftory,
the fupreme tribunal, and fupreme confiftory alfemble. In this
ftreet too lies the French college, which was founded in 1689.
The Dorotheenjladt, or Neüjßadt, was founded by the Eledlor Frederick
William, and named after his confoit. It lies between the Friderichflierder

Middle-Mark.] GERMANY. 667
iverdef, the Friderichßadt, the park, and the Spree, being Indeed not large
but plealantly fituated, and conlilting of fix ftreets, which are regular^ laid
out and ornamented with fine and grand hcufes. The pjbce here of
Prince Henry Lewis is a fumptuous building. The King's ftables form a
large and grand ftruclure. In the fecond ftory of its fore-building was formerly
held the academy for arts and painting, which was founded in 1699
by the Eleäor Frederick III. but at prefent this academy have their meetings
in a private houfe, the fore-part of thefe ftables having been burnt
down in 1743, though fince rebuilt and allotted to the ufe of the academy
of fciences, which was founded by King Frederick I. in the year 1700, as
a fociety for the improvement of the fame, but by King Frederick II.
has been converted into an academy. This academy is divided into four
claffes. By the members of it is compofed the calendar for the royal countries,
which brings in yearly to the academy between 10 and 12,000 rixdollars.
It contains alfo a library and a cabinet of medals. In this forepart
too of the ftables are found the obfervatory and the anatomical theatre,
for the greater improvement of which a Collegium Profefforwn Medico-cbirurgicum
has likewife been founded here. In a part alfo of the fecond
wing of the ftables has been eftablilhed a fine tapeftry manufacture. Oppofite
to them ftands the palace of the Marggrave of Sivedi, and between
that and the Spree lies the royal building-yard. The lime-rcw is a great
addition to the beauty of \hz Dorothee?tfladt. It is nearly 1200 paces in
length, and ferves as a walk. The opera-houfe too here is a magnificent
building, founded by King Frederickll. in 1743, and by the fame monarch
extremely well, laid out both within and without. On it is the following
infcription, njiz. Fredericm rex Apollini & Mufis. The adjoining
7?ö//M«-catholic church, which is dedicated to St. Hedewig, is a fine building
conftrucfled after the model of the 'Maria rotunda at Rome. In that
which was formerly the park are very pleafant walks, together with allevs,
and a labyrinth. In the church at the Dorotheenjtadt the Lutherans and
Cahinifts preach alternately, and as foon as their public worfliip is over the
French likewife begin theirs.
The Friderichjtadt was founded by the Eledlor Frederick III. immediately
on his acceffion to the government. It exceeds the four other refidentiarytowns
in largenefs, as confifting of twenty-three ftreets, which with one
another are 'i\yi perches wide, being likewife ftraight, and all extremely
well built. The Fridericb-Jlreet is one ftraight line a quarter of a German
mile in length, and thofe of the Leipzig and marggrave-ftreets are yet
longer. The former of thefe, which is alfo called the Potfdam-lhret, has
not its equal, being ornamented with grand and magnificent buildings,
among which the palace of the Count of Rcufzen is particularly to be remarked.
The number of fine and fumptuous houfes and palaces in the
IVilhehnf-Jheet is very great. In a fine building too in the fame ftreet is the
4 0^2 ^ gold

e,6B
GERMANY. [Middle-Mark.
gold and filver manufaaure, belonging; to the great orphan-houfe at Potf-
%im. On the Wilbehiis market ilands the grand palace of the order of
St. John, in which alfo the mafter refides. The Lime-ßreet is finely paved,
and planted with a double row of limes. In thefe flreets ftands the magnificent
college to which in 1735 were removed the tribunal, the chamber-
The Jerufalem church, and the new church (which is
court and confiftory.
likewife called the Market and Fredericks church) together with that of
the Hoh 'Trinity,
are occupied and ufed in common by the Lutherans and
Cahinißs. The fchools founded at the church of the Trinity by the fupreme
confiftorial counfellor John Julius Hecker, and which confift of
a German, a Latin and a real-fchool, are all grand and eminent,
Thofe Bohemians of the Proteftant Lutheran religion, who in 1720 emigrated
out of their own country, and at firft fettled themfelves at Great-
Hennerfdorf in Upper-Lufatia, but after the year 1732 came here, are
poffefled of a church of their own called Bethlehem, and in this church not
only the Bohemian but German alfo is preached. A part of thefe Bohemians
too are come over to the Calviniß church, and have procured a preacher
of their own. In this part likewife ftands a French church.
Without the walls by which the Friderichjladt is environed, and about
a quarter of a German mile from the town towards the village of Schonberg,
on the road to Potjdam, lies the hop, or phyfical-garden, which belongs to
the royal academy of fciences.
The fpeedy and great encreafe which this met-opoHs has experienced
under the government of the Eledor Frederick William is aftonifhing. Before
the year 1645 in Berlin and Coin (of both which towns only this capital
at that time confifted) were but 1236 houfes. In 1662 the Frid.richfwerder
was begun to be built. In 168 1 and 1683 orders were iflued for
building New-Coin. In 1674 letters of freedom were granted for the erection
of the Dorotbeenßadt, and in 1691 permiflion likewife given for building
the Friderichßadt. The fuburbs before the Köpenick, the Spandau, the
King's, and the Stralau gates were about the fame time built by degrees.
In 1747 there were reckoned in the five refidentiary towns here and their
fubuibs 5513 houfes, and in 1755, as has been already obferved above,
5826. Till 1690 there were about 14,000 perfons in Berlin, but in 1747 its
inhabitants were computed at 106,969, and in 1755 ^^ 126,661, including
the garrifon. This great encreafe received its rife with the arrival here of
the Cciljlinili French, who have alfo brought manufaßures and trade into
great credit. In 1755 there were in this city no lefs than 443 fiik looms
one hundred and forty-nine of half-filks, two thoufand eight hundred and
fifty-eight of woollen-ftuffs, four hundred and fifty-three of cotton, two hundred
and forty-eight of linen, four hundred and fifty-four of lace-work,
thirty-nine for filk and three hundred and ten for the manufadiure of
wooUen (lockings. The academy eftablifhed here for the improvement of
arts

Middle-Mark.] GERMANY. 669
arts and painting has furniflied thefe feveral towns with numbers of
great artifts in all forts of ingenious devices. The large quantity of the produdions
of art, manufadtures, and fabrics in this city fupply it with a very
confiderable and advantageous trade. In 1757 a ftraggling party of ^wfirians
made an irruption into the fuburbs of the Köpenick, and extorted
from the inhabitants to the amount of 200,000 rixdollars.
In the quarter of Berlin are fonie pleafure-houfes, among which is
Schonhjiijefi, properly called Lower-Schonhaufen, a pleafure-houfe of the
confort of King Frederick II. This houfe lies about half a German mile
from Berlin, on the river Panko, which fupplies the finfe pond in the fumptuous
garden here with water. In the reign of King Frederick.l. a new
canal was laid out at this place, and furnirtied with fluices, in order to afford
a paflage by water to Berlin and Charlottenburg ; but the wind having
driven great quantities of fand into it this canal is again fallen to ruin.
Rofenthal, a pleafure-houfe, lying near the foregoing.
Makho, a village, containing a fine houfe and garden founded by Paut
von Fuchs, but after his death purchafed by King Frederick I. who fometimes
alfo refided in it. On the death of the latter the Marggrave Chrijiiati
Lewis became polTefTed thereof.
Friderichsfelde, which lies about half a German mile from Makho, a
pleafure-houfe, founded by the miniiter of ftate Joachim Erneß of Grianko.
The Marggrave Albert Frederick ufed to refide in this houfe, after whom
it
was poflefled by his fon the Marggrave Frederick Charles.
2. Berno, a fmall town in which is a little colony of Calvin/ft French. In
the years 1638 and 1639 the Swedes diftinguiihed thcmfelvcs by their ill
behaviour at this place. Its beer is peculiarly efteemed.
3. The royal prefedurate of Lahmen.
4. That of MULLENBECK.
5. That of Schönebeck, containing large heaths and fine huntin?-
grounds j on which account King Frederick William ufed to amufe bimfelf
yearly at thefe parts, particularly in hunting the wild boar.
6. The town and royal prefeifturate of Liebenwalde, which were
poffefled by the Lords of Arnim till the year 1413, when they were redeemed
by the then fupreme adminiftrator of the eledoral Mark^ and af-
'
terwards by the Eledor Frederick I.
Liebenwalde is a fmall town feated on the Havel, and in it the above defcribed
canal of Finow commences.
7. The following noble places and eftates ; namely, Birkholz, Blumberg^
Ballendorf, Bortiicke, Buch, Caro, Eiche, Falkenberg, Frederfdorf, Gliemke,
Heefen, Lanke, Liebenberg, Prenden, SchonßieSj Sthonhaufen, Stolpe, Icifz.-
dorf, Vogelßorf, Utzdorf^nd Wartenberg.
III.
Into

.
e-jo C n R M A N r. [Middle-Mai-k,
III. Into the circle of Ohei'hariiwi^ which comprizes in it
ninety-two villages, and contains,
1. Brietzen, alfo called Wrietzen, the capital thereof fituated.not far
from the Oder, on which a toll is coUecfted at this place. Brietzen is alfo
the feat of a fpiritual infpeftion. In 1433 this town was entirely reduced
to aflies by the Hußtes. In 1663 it fuffered great damage by fire, and in
1664 was almoft deflroyed again by the fame dreadful calamity.
2. Straufbergy a town, taking its name from the little lake of S>train
near it, the length of which is computed at full a quarter of a German
mile. In this lake are filli of a very good flavour. The inhabitants are
for the moft part clothiers, and fupply a great part of the army with bays.
At this place is alfo a fpiritual infpedion. In the year 1402 it was burnt
by the Pomeranums and ^itzauem. In i 521 it likewife fuffered by fire.
3. Neußadt-Kberjwalde^ a town feated on the river and canal of
Tino, Fine, or Vine, of which an account has been already given. Cn
it at this place is a lock of freeftone for the navigation of boats, and
fluice-toUs are alfo paid here. The town itfelf confifts of two parts, of
which that lying towards the hill of Drachenkopf, and containing in it the
church and town-houfe, is called Eberfivalde ; the name of that on the
1 King Frederick II. at his own expence,
Finn is Neußadt. In the year 175
"built a particular fuburb of eighty houfes for the accommodation of fuch
cutlers as fhould come and fettle here. At the Vnterthor the Finona is
joined by the Schwarze.
A little way off too at Hegermuhle are copper and tin-works. The copper
worked in thefe is not the produdl of the Mark, but is brought from Rothenburg
in the circles of Saal in the dutchy of Magdeburg. Here are alfo
b:afs-works with two foundaries for black and white tin-plates, and an iron
and wire forge, all which feveral works lie on the Finoio.
4. The royal prefedlurate of Biesenthal, which formerly belonged
to the Arnim family, who were in poffeflion of one half thereof before the
year 1427, and in that year made an abfolutc purchafe of the other half
from Matthias oiVchtenhagen. But in 1577 the Sovereign conferred fome
other lands on the above-mentioned family in lieu of the faid prefedturate.
In it
is,
1 Biejmthal, a fmall town having a caftle. This town lies on the Fitio,
which at this place firft receives that name, and takes its rife out of fome
marflies in thefe parts, but more particularly out of four lakes.
2. The villages of Rudenitz, Danewiiz, Schopfurt and Freudeiibiirg, together
with,
c 5. Oderberg^

Middle-Mark.] GERMANY,^
671
5.
Oderberg, a town lying on the Oder, and defended by a fort fuuated'
on an ifland, on which the Swedes made two fruitlefs aflaults in 1637 and
1639, but in the hrft of thefe aflaults fucceeded io far as to lay the town
in
afhes.
6. The town and prefedlurate of Freien WALDE, containing,
1. Freienwalde, a fmall town feated on the Oder, and at which a toll is
paid. At this place likewife is a ferry leading to the Middle-Mark. Frienicalde
formerly belonged to the Vchtenhagen family. In a pleafant valley
at a little diftance from the town is a medicinal fpring, which has been in
great reputation ever fince the year 1684, and near it is a lodging-huufe
for gentry and another for the poor. On the Marien plain, which lies without
the town, betwixt the hills of Marien and Schlofze are fome alumworks
which ever fince the year 1738 have belonged to the great orphanhoufe
at PotfdatJi, and furnifli almoft all the King's dominions with that
commodity.
Obf. L/nder Frederick II. a winding tradl of land on the Oder was cut
throu;>h, and thereby a morafs five or fix miles in circuit rendered arable,
fo as to afford fubfiftence at prefent for 1200 families.
2. Sofinenburg, a farm.
7. The prefedurate of Friedland, which was originally a convent belonging
to the family of Robel, of whom it was purchafed by the Marggrave
Albert Frederick, whofe fon the Marggrave Frederick Charlei Albert"
is the prefent owner of it.
8. The royal prefedurate of Old-Landsberg, in which is,
1. Old-Landslierg, a fmall town, having a caflle. In the year 1709;
Kin«' Frederick I. purchafed this place of Count Schwerin, and conferred it
as a dowery on his third confort. Its former name of New-Schwerin is now
out of ufe.
2. Krummenjee, a farm.
9. The royal prefedurate of Rudersdorf.
10. The following villages and noble eflates ; viz, Bazello, Bedicke, Bief~
dorf, Bolk}-fdo7-f, Bretzel, Bruno, Great and Little-Bucko, Dalewitz, Danneberg,
Frankenfeld, Garzin, Garzo, Gielfdorf, Gruno, Grunthal, Harnekopf,
Hafelberg, Hajenholz, Hohen-Fino, llo, Kothen, Kunerjdorf, Licl~
terjelde, LuderJ'dorf, Mogelin, Ratijt, Reichenberg, Schonjeld, S.hulzendorfy.
Sommerfeld, Steinberg, Sydo, Tempelfelde, Torno, Trampo, JVeeJo, Weijfenjee,
WHkendorf and JVoeifeckendorf.
W\ The

,72
GERMANY.
[Middle-Mark.
IV. The circle of Lehus^ containing ninety-four villages.
In this circle is,
i. Frankfurt on the Oder, the feventh of the eight principal cities in the
whole Mark, being finely fituated on the river from which it takes its furname.
Exclufive of the cathedral or church of St. Mary here, the head
of which is alfo infpedlor of the ecclefiaftical infpedlion in thefe parts, in
this town likewife is the Unterkirche, near which once flood a Frajuifcan
monaftery, together with the church of St. Nicolas where the Cahinijls
have their meetings. The univerfity here was founded by the Eledlor
"Joachim I. and his hxoihtt Albert, and in 1506 was confecrated. The pro-
K^iTors in this univerfity are partly Cahinilt and partly Lutheran. In the
great college here lies the univerfity library and a phyfic-garden. The univerfity
is the proprietor of the villages of Schleufz and Rox in the Old Mark,
and likewife of the revenues belonging to the fupprefTed foundation of the
cathedral of the Stendal. In the bifliop's palace, which is fo called becaufe
once belonging to the bifhops of Lebus, the Eleöor Frederick William in
1671 founded an academy for the martial exercifes. Exclufive too of the
Lutheran free-fchool here, in this town is alfo another for Calvinißs called
Frederick^ fchool, together with two fuburbs named the Guben and the
Lebui, in each of which is a church. On the other fide of the bridge- leading
over the Oder lies the dam which is built on, but the fort erected there
in 1663 has been razed. Frankfurt was anciently^a Hanfe-tcwn.
The corporation is pofl^efl^ed of the villages of Schivet.
2. Mulrofe, in ancient records fliled Melrafen and Melraze, a fmall
fown deriving its charter from the Marggrave Otho, which charter was
confirmed in 1275, with additions, by his fons the Marggraves Otho
and Albert. Mulrofe flands on a lake from whence the canal made between
the years 1662 and 1668, and of which an account has been already
given, run on both fides, fo as to open a communication between the
Oder and the Spree, by the former of which rt is joined at the village of
Wriezig and by the latter in the Werchen lake at Neuenhaufe.
3. Mwichelbcrg, a town, to which belongs the farms of Schlagentin ;
at this place alfo is
an ecclefiaftical infpecftion.
4. The royal prefedurate of Lebus, formed out of the fequeftrated
bifhopric of Lebus, which in 965 was founded in Red Riiffia by the
P0///Z? Prince Miezifatv, but the particular place of its fee is not known.
That Prince's fuccefix)r, Boleßaw, fettled and improved this bifliopric, which
at firft, however, bore not the name of Lebus. About the year 1300 it
was called the biüiopric of Goritz, but at length the bifhopric of Lebus on
occafion

Middle-Mark.] GERMANY.
673
occafion ofthat city's being added to its territories, which name it llkewifc
retained after the building of the catheclral at Furßetnvalde. Lebus was always
municipal ; infomuch that on the bifliop's being regiftered in the nnitricula
in
1521, not only the Eleöor o\' Bra/iäinlurg but likewife the bilhop
himfelf remonftrated againll it. On the deceafe of billiop John VIII. in
1555 the management of the diocefe was committed to the care of the
Marggrave Joachim Frederick of Brandenburg^ who, on his acceffioa to the
eledtoral dignity in 1598, fecularized the bifhopric and at the fame time
fupprefled the chapter. The upper prefedurate into which it was converted
is four miles in length and three broad ; and contains in it four hnall town%
together with thirty-tour villages and hxteen farms, and through the midlt
of it runs the Oder. A part of this prefedurate lies in the Neumark. It is
a fertile fpot, but not much improved. In Kortiim\ hiftorical account of
the ancient biflioprics oi Lebus is a fmall map of the country belonging to
this prefedurate, but without any afcertainment of its bounds. The la-f^enefs
of its extent has caufed it to be divided into feveral bailiwicks. In it is
1. Lebus, a fmall town feated on the Oder, being 1200 paces in length
taken in a dired line, though formerly much larger, and containing
about 14000 inhabitants, with three or four churches. This town has
been frequently facked. It lies low among hills, io that it cannot be feen
at one view, and therefore makes but a mean appearance. It was originally
fubjed to Poland, but afterwards devolved on Boleßaw, Duke of Sile/ia, who
in 1250 bequeathed both the town and its lordfliip to the Marggraves Ofbo
and John of Brandenburg. In 1354 the Eledor Lewis, the Roman, left the
caftle and city of Lebus to the birtiopric, to which it afterwards alfo ^ave
title. The bifliop's caftle here was wholly deftroyed by a fire in 1 63 i. Near
the town is
a royal farm.
2. Fur/knwa/de, a fmall town fituated on the Spree, on which river there
is a lock at this place. Fur/ieniva/de is a bailiwick, and in 1354 was annexed
by the Eledor Lewis the Roman to the bilhopric. In 1373 bifliop
P^/^r transferred the fee of Lf/;«i to this town. In 1432, 1633, 1676 it
was confumed by fire, and in 1732 fuffered again by the fame dreadful
calamity.
3.
Seelo, a fmall town ftanding on an eminence.
4. Sachjhidorf, a village and royal farm, which is alfo the feat of a
bailiwick.
5. Golzo, another village and royal farm, which is likewife the feat of
a bailiwick-amt.
6. Fricdrichfaue, a royal farm.
7. The bailiwick of Bleyen and Cußrin.
8. WoUup, a royal farm, and the feat of a bailiwick.
9. Wilhelmfaue, a royal farm.
Vol. V. 4 R lo- Goritz.,

.
^^4
GERMANY. [Middle- Mark.
ic. Goritz^ a fmall town feated on the other fide of the Odir within the
circle of Sternberg in the NcTV-Murk. This town lies not far from the
above-mentioned river. It was formerly a place of confideration, and for
fome time alfo the metropolis of the diocefe, after the removal of its fee
out of Poland into the Mark ; but in 1326 the people oi Fravkfcrt demolilhcd
the.cathedral at this place, which was rebuilt anew at Lcbiis. Near
Gcritz is a royal farm.
n. Frauendorf, a village, lying not far from the above-mentioned town,
and being alfo a royal farm and the feat of a bailiwick. -
5.
for hops.
Bucko, a fmall town, the property of Count F/f/ww/«^, and famous
6. The bciiliv/ick of ^ilitz, which was granted to the Marggrave Albert
Frederick, and is now enjoyed by his fon the Marggrave Frederick
Charles Albert.
/..The commandery of Lietzen, belonging to the Sonnenhurg grandmafterfliip
of the order of St. John, and producing about 8000 nxdoUars
ter annum. This bailiwick takes its name from
Lietz-en, a fmall town, having a village near it of the like appellation.
8. Falkenhagen, a litde place belonging to the Bohendorf hxxi\\^
9. The bailiwick of £/'

Middle-Mark.] GERMANY.
675
Valuable colleclion of antiques once belonging to cardinal PoJi^vac. It
oLtained the name of Cbarlottcnburg from hopbia Charlotta, fecond wife to
King Frederick I. who having built a feat with feveral houfes at the villare
ofLutzcfi, called k Lufzen/mrg, but the place being enlarged, after her deceafe,
by the King, his majefty in honour of his confort conferred on it her
name, and by charter raifed it to a town.
4. The town and bailiwick of Köpenick.
Kßpenick^ is a little independent town feated on an ifland in the river
Spree. King Frederick I. to whom as Eledor this bailiwick belonged,
built him a feat at this place. A fniall colony o'i French refugees have fettled
here. Jn 1579 and 171 i the greatcft part of the town was dcflroycd
by fire. A walk has been laid'out from this place to Berlin, along the
banks of the Spree.
The Miggc'ifee, commonly called the Miggel, is one half of a German
mile in length and a quarter broad, being alfo the principal lake in the
Middle-Mark, though lying towards Köpenick it is reckoned within the
circle oi Lower-Barnim. Through the middle of it runs the river Spree.
5. The royal prefeöurate of Tkebbin, having its feat at
'Trebbin, a fmall town feared on the Nude, and which the Eledlor Frederick
I. took pofTeffion of in the year 1413.
6. The lordfliip and prefefturate of Zossen, having its feat at
ZoJJen, a fmall town containing a caftle. In the years 1588, 1641, and
1671, this place w^as deftroyed by fire. At it is an ecclefiaftical infpedion.
The Flies, or Sane, in its courfe near this town, receives into it the water of
a canal, w^iich has been cut through this marfliy country : Not far too
from hence lies
Spercnberg, a village, near which on a mountain on the Ki-iimmen lake
is a lime-kiln, the lime made in which is not fit for building, but having
been firfl: pulverized is ufcd by mirror-maker?, and liktwife for the
cleanfing of plate, as alfo of gold and filver toys and diamonds. The dark
blue made here is reckoned the befl in its kind.
7. Mittenwalde, a fmall town feated on the Sane, which is otlierwife
erroneoufly called the Nottc, or Note, aiid frequently alfo the Flics. That
river at this place
palTes through a fluice.
8. Schenkenland, which in 1460 was incorporated with the elefloraJ
Mark, and fince that has belonged to the Barons Schenken of Lavdsberg,
but in 1
71 8 was purchafed by King Frederick William for his fecond fon
Aiigußus William. In it is,
1. The lordfhip and bailiwick o^ Wußerhäufen, containing
Wiiflerhaufen, a fmall town, having a caftle feated on the river Sane. At
this place alfo is an ecclefiaftical infped;ion.
2. The lordfhip and bailiwick of T(7^/;/V2;, to which belongs,
4 R 2 I. Teitpin,

676 GERMANY. [Middle-Mark.
1. Teiipitz, a fmall town containing a feat. Teupitz ftands on a lake of
name.
the like
2. Buchholz, alfo a fmall town, having a feat.
9. Giejcndorf, Kiekebujch, Macheno, Rozifz, Schulzendorf, Selcho and
IVolteTJdorJ, all eftates formerly belonging to their refpeäive nobles, but
purchafed for Prince Augußus William, fecond fon to King Frederick
Willia 01.
10. In the circle o^ Telto ftill are the following places and noble eftates:
viz. Great and Little Beer, Great and Little Beuthen, Blankenfeld, Brietz,
Dalem, Dale-witz, Diederfdorf, Genßageti, Glafo, Groben, Gunfdorf, Henerfdorf,
Keitzendorf, Great and Little Kienig, Kietz, Lobetibruch, Malo,
Pramjdorf, Rangfdorf, Ruhljdorf, Schlaberndorf, Schmarjendorf, Schono,
Stanjdorf, Stegelitz, Wajdorj, Wajmanfdorf, Wilmerjdorf, and Great and
Litile-Ziethen.
VI. The circle of Zauch^ containing one hundred and
fix
villages.
In this circle is,
1. Treuen-Brietzen, an independent town feated on the Niepelitz. In
1296 this place was walled in by the Marggraves Otho and Conrad, who at
the fame time conferred on it a charter. It was at firft fimply called Brietzen,
but for its fidelity to the Marggrave Lewis the Roman, was honoured
with the epithet of Treuen, or Faithful. In the year 1641 this town was
laid wafte by the Swedes.
2. The town and prefedurate of Belitz, containing
Bclitz, a town feated on the Niepelitz, and which flouriflied by means of
the pilgrimages formerly made there, but in 1526 and 1563 was burnt
down, and in 1700 fuffered again by the fame dreadful calamity.
3. The prefedurate of Saarmund, to which belongs
Saarmund, a fmall town fituated in a fine country on the river ^^^r, which
iffues out of the lake near j'«r^£'«^w/ and Groben, and below this town, or
more properly below the caftle or Burg as it is called, though at prefent only
a fi{herman's hut, joins the Nude or Nutte, which at Pot/dam runs into
the Havel.
4. The prefedurate of Lehnin, which was formed out of the rich G/^rcian
convtxxt of Lehnin, founded by the Marggrave Albert the Bear, and
completed by his fon Otho I. but was raifed to a prefedurate by the Eledor
Joachim II. In it lie interred feveral Princes and Princefi"es. The prefedurate
comprehends under its jurifdidion twenty-four villages and farms -, and
lome alfo reckon in it
i
Werder^

Middle-Mark.] GERMANY.
(y-jj
Werder, a fmall town feated on an ifland in the Havel, an(! of which
mention has been made above under the circle of the Haveland, it bein"
included therein in a dcfcription ofthat territory which was ft-nt mc.
5. The prefedurateof ZiKGESAR, having its feat at Ziegafir or Ziegefer,
otherwife called Ziefar, a fmali town containing a cartle, which was formerly
the refidence of the bifhops oi Brandenburg, divers of whofe inftruments
bearing date in the 13th century are figned by them and given fron»
hence.
To this prefe£lurate belong the little town of Prezerbe, with the large
village of Ketzin, which has been defcribed already in the circle of the
Haveiand.
6. The territory o^ Barwald, which lies betwixt the Saxon prefedlurate
amts of yuterbock, Dahme, Schiieben and Schiveim'tz, and belongs to a gentleman
of the name of Einfiedd. This traft of land is called the Noble ßej of
Bariäcilde, and contains in it HertnJdorJ fief and feveral villages, as namely
Cofzin,
Meinfdorf and Wiperfdorf.
7. Leitzko, or Lietzke, a town (landing on a hill, which is environed by
the dutchy oi Magdeburg, and belonging to the Barons of Munchhaufen. At
this place formerly was a convent. The neighbouring country, quite to the
circle of Saxony, is ciUed the Fleming. The Barons Mimchhatifen are likewife
proprietors oi Hohbeck and Ladenburg.
8. BUendorf, Cammer, Ferrich, Foben, Glienicke, Golwitz, Golze, Gothin,
Grabo, Great-Lubbars, Great-Kreutz, 'Jejerich, Kemnitz, Kiejel, Little-
Briefen, Little-Lubbars, Korzin, Krahne, Metnjdorf, Mefdunk, Pernitz,
Plefo, Recko, Rhino, Schonfeld, Stegelitz, Streß, Stucken, Trechwitz, Warko,
Weiden, Wendijchborg, Werbig and Wildenbrucb.
VII. The circle or county of Ruppi»,
Which to the fouth terminates on the Haveland, from which it is feparated
by the river i?^/« ; weftward on the Prignitz; northward alfo on
that river and the dutchy of Mecklenburg ; and to the eart: on the Ucker-
Mark ; being five German miles in length and above three broad. In this
circle are eight towns and one hundred and twelve villages. The ancient
Lords of this county were defcended from the Counts of Limlo, who rcfided
in the principality of Anhalt about two German miles diftance frÖin
Zerbß, and were of the fame race with the Counts of Arn/lein, Alulingen,
and Barby. The firfl: Count of Lindo occurs in a record of the year 1 158,
under the name of Werner ; but it is only from Count Ulrich who lived
in 1315 that the genealogical fucceflion can be regularly traced. His fons
Günther, Ulrich, Adolphus, and Buffo governed unitedly. Count Ulrich
propagated the family, and his fons Ulrich, Albert, and Günther likewife
ruled jointly. The fecond of thefe in 1372 mortgaged the county of Lindau

Ö78
GERMANY. [Middle-Mark.
dtiu to the Princes oi Anhalt, His Tons were named Ulrich and Günther.
Albert ("on to the latter, on the deceafe of his father in 1426, fucceeded to
the government. In 1457 he ceded the county oi Lindau to the hoiife of
AiÜMilt, widi power of redemption, and dying in 1460 was fucceeded by
his fons John and James ; the latter of thefe died firft, and on the deceale
of the former his fon Joachim became Sovereign. Joachim was fucceeded
by his (on Wichmann, who on his father's death in 1520, being a minor,
entered on the government, but died in 1524, and in him the family oi
the Counts of Lindau and the Lords oi Ruppin, as they ftiled themklves,
became extind. So mean were the circumllances of this laft Lord at his
death that he h?A neither carriage nor horfes to fetch him a phyfician from
Berlin, for wliich purpofe he wanted to borrow the fum ot one hundred
guilders from NeiJ Rnppin. On his death the county of Ruppin efcheated
to Joachim \.
Eledlor oi Brandenburg as Lord paramount, who was likcwife
for laying his hands on the county of Lindau, but together with Mockeni,
that was left as a fief of Brandetihurg to the houfe of Anhalt.
The towns and bailiwicks of the county or circle of Ruppin, arrjong
which is, 'J arfi
1. Neiv-Ruppin, the capital of the country, feated on a large lafee
formed by the river Rhin, and being the largeft moll populous place, and
likewife the town of the greateil trade in this lordihip. In it ate above
eight hundred burghers, with two Lutheran churches, in one of which,
namely the convent-church, lie interred divers of the ancient Lords of the
country : Here is alio a Cahinijl church and a grammar-lchool. Neiv-
Ruppin deals largely in cloth of its own manufacture, and likewife
in beer and grain j but the greatefl; part of the latter comes from Pc/;?frania
and Mecklenburg. It was built in j i
94, and has been frequently deftroved
bv fire.
2. Old-Ru[pin, an open little town feated on the above-mentioned lake,
oppofite to New-Ruppin, and having a caftle which was once the refidence
of the Counts of L/Wö« and the Lovds oi Ruppin, but is now fallen to
decay. This place is the feat of a prefedurate-office, and belonged to
King Frederick II. as hereditary Prince.
3. JViilierhaufen on the Dojfe, next to New-Ruppin, the befl town in the
country. At this place formerly flood a caftle belonging to the Lords of
P.ktLo.
4. Granfee, or Gravjoy, a fmall town, but one of the moft: ancient in the
whole lordihip.
5. Lindo, likewife a fmall town which was probably fo called by the
Counts, frorn their original feat in the principality oi Anhalt. Exclufive of
odier fires this place futfered greatly by that dreadful calamity in 1746. It
is, however, the feat of a royal bailiwick, and contains one Lutheran and
one Qakiiiiß church, and without the town is a foundation for ladies,
which

Middle-Mark.] GERMANY, 679
which was formerly a Prcemonjlratenjian nunnery ; hut at prefcnt ^ the rccefs
of a Domhia and fix firtcrs, who nujfl be of noble dekciir.
Ncußadt on tbi Dojl; a fniall town which is the feat of' a roy.i! baih wick.
This place has fucceHively belonged to the F/interfeld^, the Rohra, and the
Counts of Konigfiuark, and afterwards alfo to the Landgrave of H^ße-Ho/aburgj
who exchanged it with Frederick I. for JVelerlingen. The Ctih'fi/f s
have a fmall church here. Whilft the Landgrave of Heße-lhmhu^'^ wai
their proprietor they fet up a glafs-houfe, and afterwards a manufadtorvfor
mirrors here, thedatter of which when the place fell under the Sovereign's
pofTelTion, was very confiderahly improved by Hans Henry von Mocr, to
whofe fon King Frederick William, in 1721, granted tlie (öle property of
the work. After that it came to John Henry Colomb, who in 1741 tranfferred
it to Mr. Krug o? Nidda, a commiHloner of the war-office. At firft
the mirrors made here were blown, but Cokrnh introduced caftina;, and
that with fuch fucc^fs, that the mod: beautiful plates have been caft here
from ninety to ab(«ve one hundred inches in length. Three different forts of
glalTes are made here, ^72;. the common, the cryftalline, and thecrvflal ; and
a rnoft vivid blue and ruby- coloured flax has been invented for the borders.
The warehoufe at Berlin for the reception of thefe mirrors lies in what is
called the Unterivaßer-ßreet, which is in that part named the Fridcrichfwerder.
About half a German mile's diftance from Neufladt lies the Hebe Ofcn,
cretTted in 1694 by Baron Dankelmann, in which filver is feparated from
the copper brought there out of Rotenburg in the dutchy of Magdebur'^,
and where bombs and bullets likewife are caft.
7. Rhinfierg, a fmall town, near which the river Rbine has its fource.
The feat here is one of the three original family houfes of the Lords of
Breda, to whom it formerly belonged. In procefs of time it became the
property of a gentleman of the name of Beville,
of whom King Frederick
having purchafed it in 1736, he eredted it into a town and gave it to th«
hereditary Prince afterwards Frederick II. who converted the feat here into
a fine palace. In 1740 this town was deftroyed by fire. I;^
^744 Frederick
II. conferred it on his brother Prince Frederick Henry.
8. Wildberg, a fmall town, formerly containing a ftrong caflie.
9. The following villages and noble eflates : viz. Barßko, Baumgarten,
Brunn, Bufcho, Buto, Campehl, Canto, Carve, Caterbo, Dannenfeld, Dcßo^
Dolgo, Dretz, DrieplatZy Gatizer, Garto, Garz, Gennendorf, Gneviko,
Ketzlin, Krenzlin, Kudo, Langen^ Lcyo, Leddin, Linde, hiichjcld. Mezeltin,
Nackel, Planig, Protzen, Raufchendorf, Ribbeck, Schonermarck, Segeletz,
Steßn^ Tramnitz, Walßeben, Werder^ Wolterfdorj\ Wußro, Wuzez,
and Zerniko,
VIII.
The

68o G E R MANY, [Middle-Mark.
VIII. The circle of Storko and Becßoy
Which lies betwixt thofe of Telto, Obcrbarnim, Lebus and Loiver Lufatia.
In this circle are one hundred and feven villages, and it is compoled of
the lordfhips oi Bee/ko and Storko, which pafled from the Strelen family to
that of Biberßein, by the latter of which, with the confent of Lewis
King of Hungary and Bohemia as Lord paramount, it was mortgaged in
1 51 8 to Thierry bilhop of Lebus, On the fecularization of that bifhopric,
King Ferdinand \. in 1558 transferred thefe lordlhips with right of redemption
to John Marggrave of Brandenburg ; and at length in 1575 the
Eleftor John George was inverted with them in fief by Maximilian II.
whofe fuccelibrs have from time to time kept up the inveftiture. Thele
lordfliips produce a fine wool.
In them lies,
1. Beesko, a fmall town, lying on the Spree. A duty is paid here to the
Eledlor of Saxony on account of Lower-Lujatia.
2. Storko, a fmall town which fuflfered very confiderably by a fire in 171 2.
At this place is an ecclefiaftical infpedlion, and a cuftom-houfe for Loiver-
Lujatia belonging to the Elector of Saxony.
3. The bailiwick of .S^d'«/(^/(?r/.
4. Begeln, Birkholz, Brietfch, Cojfenblat, Cumero, Drachetidorf, Fa!-
kenberg, Glejendorf, Great-Beucho, Great and Little Kietz, Hartman/do/f,
HermJdorJ] Kothen, Kraufznich, Kre^eJitz, Leib/i/ch, Liebeno, Mehrz, Muncbhofen,
NeuendorJ, Radelo, Rago, Plesko, Plofzien, Rofzmanfdorf, Saro, Sau~
loen, Schwerin, Selcho Tauche, Trepten, Vorwerk and WaJJcrburg,
End of the
Fifth Voi-ume.

,t r

\
" TR» ARY
SOUTHERN reS?' Ca«fom(a
405 HHgard Avenue Po?i- ''^"'^«^ »^ACILITY
-J:?:!!J!!!tehftwas boTOwS'^
Fori

v>
D 000 160 985
Stack
Annex
B86nE
V.5
..,a

'\
\