A OPEN PIT MINING AÇIK OCAK MADENCİLİĞİ

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5.2.5 Basalt and diabase exploitation In Romania, basalt deposits exist in Apuseni Mountains, Eastern Carpathian and Southern Carpathians geostructural units (Marinescu et al., 2001). 41 quarries exploited this rock in Alba, Arad, Brasov, Cluj, Covasna, Harghita, Hunedoara and Timis counties. The old varieties, numed diabase, were extracted in 10 quarries from the counties Alba, Arad, Cluj, Hunedoara and Tulcea. 5.2.6 Granodiorite exploitation Granodiorite deposits are known in Apuseni Mountains, Southern Carpathian and North- Dobrogean Structogen. 21 common granodiorite quarries are known in Arad (Soimus quarry), Bihor (Pietroasa), Caras Severin (Dognecea, Maidan I-III, Ohaba, Oravita, Bradisoru, Surduc, Valea Lungii, Bradisoru de Jos), Cluj (Valea Lungii, Poieni), Gorj (Feregea, Meri), Timis (Jidioara, Nadrag), Tulcea (Greci, Macin Vii, Coltii Babei) counties. A part of exploited rock at the Piatra Imbulzita quarry, near Greci locality (Tulcea counties), was used that ornamental stone. 5.2.7 Rhiolite exploitation The rhiolite deposits exist in the following geostructural units: Apuseni Mountains (Vladeasa Masiff), Eastern Carpathian and North-Dobrogean Structogen. It was extracted in 20 identified quarries, in the following counties: Caras Severin (Selski, Zavoi quarries), Maramures (Baia Sprie), Mehedinti (Svinita), Satu Mare (Orasu Nou), Tulcea (Isaccea, Dealul Iglicioara, Tas Bair, Altan Tepe, Dealul lui Manole, Carjelari, Rachelu, Casla, Eschibalac, Mihai Bravu, Topolog, Movila Goala). 5.2.8 Diorite exploitation The diorite deposits were detected in Apuseni Mountains (Zarand, Banatului, Meses, Poiana Rusca, Bihor mountains), Southern Carpathians (Vulcan Mountains) Northern Carpathians (Oas Mountains), and North-Dobrogean Structogen geostructural units. 18 quarries had extracted in the following counties: Arad (Barzava, Jivulescu, La Stramtori, Galsa, Agrisu Mare, Dosu Garii, Cuvin, Lunga quarries), Caras Severin (Valiug, Valea Iepii, Calnic), Gorj (Similoi, Feregea), Hunedoara (Birtin), Salaj (Moigrad), Satu Mare (Calinesti), Timis (Drinova) and Tulcea counties (Horea). 5.2.9 Gabro exploitation Gabro deposits exist only in Southern Carpathians and North-Dobrogean Structogen geostructural units. It was exploited in Mehedinti (Iuti quarry), Sibiu (Ghihan) and Tulcea (Cerna) counties. 5.2.10 Perlite exploitation At the occidental part of the Gutai Mountains (Estern Carpathians geostructural unit), near Orasul Nou city, in Satu Mare county, was existed an very big perlite deposit. Many quarries (Orasu Nou, Coca, Dealul Negru, Dealul Ciap, Dealul Patrat, Medies I-II, Valea Adanca, Nadas, Medies– Vii I-II) had depleted perlite content (today exists a small reserve quantity). 5.2.11 Other magmatic rocks exploitation Andesitic agglometare deposits are known in many area of the country but it was extracted only in the Harghita, and Mures counties. Sienite in Harghita, peridotite in Caras Severin, trachite in Salaj and dolerite in Hunedoara counties were exploited. 5.3 Metamorphism Rocks Exploitation 5.3.1 Marble and crystalline limestone exploitation In Romania, marble and crystalline limestone exist in metamorphism formations of the Apuseni Mountains, Eastern Carpathians (Lapus, Maramures, Bistritei, Rodna, Gurghiu mountains), South Carpathians (Fagarasi, Poiana Rusca, Lotrului, Capatanei, Almaj and Cindrel 206
23 rd mountains) and north Dobrogea Plateau (Tulcea Hill). It exist 98 quarries who had extracted marble and crystalline limestone in 17 counties: Alba, Arad, Arges, Bihor, Bistrita Nasaud, Caras Severin, Cluj, Harghita, Hunedoara, Maramures, Mures, Mehedinti, Sibiu, Suceava, Timis, Tulcea, Valcea. The distribution of the marble and crystalline limestone quarries on geostructural units is shown in Figure 13. Figure 13. Marble and crystalline limestone quarries allocate on geostructural units (1=Southern Carpathians; 2=Apuseni Mountains; 3=Eastern Carpathians; 4=North-Dobrogean Structogen). 5.3.2 Quartzite exploitation Quartzite lens and seams exist in very much areas from crystalline formations of the Eastern Carpathians, Southern Carpathians, Apuseni Mountains. In the geological formations of the Triasic or Devonian periods can be met also. 24 quarries had exploited quartzite in 7 counties: Arad (Agris), Bihor (Soimi, Teaca), Caras Severin (Cracu, Globu Craiovei), Hunedoara (Gambrinus, Sasa, Livezeni, Gruneti), Mehedinti (Tarovat), Timis (Nadrag), Tulcea (Buceag, Luncavita, Orliga, Piatra Raioasa, Varful Priopcea, Somova, Dealul Raioasa, Gorgani, Dealul Cernei, Piatra Raioasa, Priopcea, Movila Mare, Vitelar). 5.3.3 Green schists exploitation The green schists are specific for North- Dobrogean Structogen and Central Dobrogean Massif geostructural units. Accordingly, they were extracted in surface exploitation only in the two counties from the specified units: Tulcea (Casimcea, Topolog, Dealul lui Glim, Peceneaga, Petris) and Constanta (Sibioara I-III, Nistoresti, Casimcea, Cogealac, Targusor, Mihai Viteazu, Cheia, Cotu lui Cergau, Navodari I- III, Dealul Morii, Capul Derele, Ramnicul de Sus, Ramnic Bair, Ramnicul de Jos). 5.3.4 Gneiss exploitation The gneiss is well widespread in areas with crystalline formations, expecially in Southern Carpathians geostructural unit (Fagaras, Cozia, Cibin, Sebes, Lotru mountains etc.). It was exploited in Alba (Coasta), Caras Severin (Berzasca, Bozovici, Valiug), Hunedoara (Calnic), Mehedinti (Tarovat, Orsova), Salaj (Port, Simleul Silvaniei, Magura Silvaniei), Sibiu (Aciliu, Sadu, Strambu, Rod, Tilisca, Valea Muntelui) and Valcea (Cozia) counties. 5.3.5 Other metamorphism recks exploitation The mica-schist have not very good physical-mechanical properties because it can easy to Open up in fragments along of the foliation but it was extracted in 12 quarries from 5 counties: Alba, Bihor, Salaj Sibiu, Valcea. Serpentine deposits exist in the crystalline formations from Eastern and Southern Carpathians. This rock are exploited in Caras Severin, Covasna, Mehedinti, Sibiu counties. Amphibolite can be met in crystalline formations of intense metamorphism from Eastern, Southern Carpathians and Apuseni Mountains. The quarries exist in following counties: Alba, Arad, Salaj, Satu Mare, Sibiu. 207
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Chapter - A OPEN PIT MINING
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23 rd Electric Drive Mining Class
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23 rd change out at defined interv
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23 rd Gold-Mining and Ornamental S
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analisys degradation and erosion ri
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3 METHOLOGICAL APPROACH AND EQUIPME
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Figure 3. The UAV multirotor platfo
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Table 2. Final results of data proc
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23 rd Figure 4. UPL of the sample
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23 rd Efficient Real Time Stabilit
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23 rd 4 FINAL REMARKS Slope monito
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23 rd A Genetic Algorithm for Pit
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23 rd BS. The mathematical model o
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. 23 rd Figure 6. Ultimate pit lim
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23 rd Selecting the Suitable Haula
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23 rd Environment Economy Society
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23 rd shape and depth of deposit,
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23 rd 6 THE HIERARCHICAL PREFERENC
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23 rd ranking place Truck & Shovel
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23 rd Noguchi H., Ogawa M., Ishii
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23 rd An Approach to Determine the
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23 rd IPC unit, but this is not wi
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23 rd REFERENCES Alumur, S. A., &
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A OPEN PIT MINING AÇIK OCAK MADENCİLİĞİ

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