A OPEN PIT MINING AÇIK OCAK MADENCİLİĞİ

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pits along the Crisu Negru, Crisu Pietros,
Crisul Repede, Mures, Strei, Dunare, Cerna
and Nera rivers.
In the east side of the country (Iasi,
Neamt, Vaslui, Bacau, Vrancea, Galati,
Tulcea, Constanta) were registred the 136
open pits in the channel of the following
rivers: Moldova, Siret, Trotus, Ozana,
Milcov, Dunare. In the south of the country
(Mehedinti, Gorj, Dolj, Valcea, Olt, Arges,
Dambovita, Teleorman, Prahova, Ilfov,
Giurgiu, Buzau, Braila, Ialomita, Calarasi
counties and Bucharest) where existed 322
open pits and one quarry (Schela Cladovei).
The open pits are localized along the
Dunare, Topolnita, Gilort, Motru, Sohodol,
Amaradia, Olt, Topolog, Valsan, Arges,
Raul Doamnei, Ialomita, Cricovul Dulce,
Prahova, Teleajan, Dambovnic, Ciorogarla,
Buzau, Ramnicul Sarat, Siret and Ialomita
rivers.
5.1.2 Limestone exploitation
After sand and gravel, the limestone (two
kind: common and ornamental) were the
second exploited mineral substances. It was
extracted in many counties and the number
of quarries is very large too: 599. The
quarries are distributed only in the mountain
and plateau area of the counties.
The field counties have not limestone
quarries.Common limestone were exploited
in 585 quarries, from 27 counties with
mountain or plateau areas. In the mountain
areas were registred the most common
limestone quarries. They are present in
following 22 counties: Alba, Arad, Arges,
Bacau, Bihor, Brasov, Buzau, Caras
Severin, Cluj, Covasna, Dambovita, Neamt,
Sibiu, Valcea, Maramures, Harghita, Gorj,
Mehedinti, Salaj, Prahova, Hunedoara and
Suceava. The biggest quarries number (61)
are known in the Hunedoara county.
In the plateau areas were registred 202
quarries only in 5 counties: Vaslui, Botosani,
Iasi, Tulcea and Constanta. There are very
much quarries in Constanta and Tulcea
counties: 88 and respectively 85.
14 limestone quarries, with the output
used in ornamental purpose, are in: Arges
(Mateias– Valea Mare, Valea Buda, Albesti),
Bihor (Ponoarele, Valea Tarcaita), Bistrita
Nasaud (Parva, Valea Cormaia, Gusetel),
Cluj (Podeni), Maramures (Cufoaia) and
Tulcea (Dealul Vararia, Codru, Dealul Eaila,
Trei Fantani) counties.
5.1.3 Clays exploitation
From old times to present, over 252 of
identified common clay quarries had existed
in 38 counties and Bucharest. In the counties
from the north of the country (see 4.1.1.
paragraph) it is know an 22 quarries number,
86 in the center, 43 in the vest, 29 in the est
and 72 in the south. Only in three counties
(Calarasi, Giurgiu, Tulcea) of the country
were not extracted common clay in quarry.
At a smallest scale (fig. 6), in Romania were
exploited other clay varieties: infusible clay,
kaolin clay, bentonite clay and colored clay.
Figure 6. The distribution of the quarries on
clay tips (1=common clay quarries; 2=other
fout clay varieties quarries.
The infusible clay were extracted with 39
quarries in 11 counties: Arad, Bihor, Bistrita
Nasaud, Brasov, Caras Severin, Cluj,
Covasna, Gorj, Maramures, Salaj, Timis.
Kaolin clay were extracted with 13 quarries
in 4 counties: Arad (Agris), Constanta (Cuza
Voda, Defcea, Gherghina, Docuzol, Tibrinu,
Tortomanu, Cuza Voda, Tugui), Maramures
(Cavnic), Tulcea (Gherghina, Cheia,
Vitelaru). Bentonite clay was exploited only
in one quary, in the Botosani town and
county. Colored clay (14 quarries) has iron
and manganese oxides in its composition. It
was extracted in the following counties:
Arad, Arges, Brasov, Caras Severin,
Covasna, Harghita, Satu Mare, Tulcea).
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