A OPEN PIT MINING AÇIK OCAK MADENCİLİĞİ

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3.2.1.3 Propylitic alterations extraction (epidote - chlorite) Propylitic zone is outer zones and usually largest portion of the hydrothermal alteration and containing internal zones such as argillic zone. Thus, identification of Propylitic zone is as the key for experts to finding center zone of alterations. In this project - for importance of Propylitic alteration - parts of the propylitic zone were divided as a result can be seen in Figure 6c. Propylitic zone which have separated the blue color in this picture (Fig 6c) 3.2.1.4 Extraction of silica alteration Due to the close relation of gold mineralization and altered silisic zones, silisic alteration separation helps to identify potential opportunities for significant gold mineralization zone.The best reflection of silica in ASTER images is the range of infrared wavelength. Because spatial resolution of these bands (90 meters) shouldn't expect that recognized veins of silica with less 90 meter in lithology units, but it rocks strongly silicified, and exposed silisic vein with ninety meter wide or larger can be identified. Based on satellite data, considerable and broad siliceous alteration zone appears in Lithological units. It should be noted that the separation of silica minerals as well as were used other algorithms such as LS-fit and SMACC in ENVI software (Fig 7). 4 CONCLUSION The use of satellite images during the early stages of mineral exploration has been very successful in pointing the hydrothermally altered rocks. ASTER data has been used for enhancing the areas with clay mineral alterations and iron oxide minerals. Principal component analysis was done on the 14 bands and the relevant principal components are chosen to obtain images that show iron oxide and hydroxyl minerals (band combinations technique). Figure 7. ASTER satellite image with band combination 1,3,4 in RGB show the distribution of the silisic zone Information derived from satellite images involves the extraction of important structures such as major and minor faults, ring structures and clay altrations (propylitic and argillic) and iron oxide alteration. The relationship between Exploration and these phenomena is very close. Most of alterations occurred along faults or related to the tectonic structure of the region. Regarding the relationship between structure and alteration with mineralization of gold in this type of deposits, extraction of alterations and structures increasing possibility of existence gold mineralization. In this project was trying with overlapping faults and alterations associated gold mineralization in satellite images, the best areas with potential gold mineralization identified. Then, these areas controlled with field operation. Figure 8, was created overlapping all of extracted data from ASTER satellite images. According to this picture, it looks like the best place for a detailed exploration of gold at the intersection where the interface between tectonic structures and the alteration is extracted from satellite images. Finally, we can conclude here that remote sensing technique can be used as a very reliable method for enhancing the areas with hydrothermal alteration as a fast and cheap tool for exploration of orogenic gold 184
23 rd mineralization in the sanandaj- sirjan metamorphic zone. Figure 8. ASTER satellite image with band combination 1,3,4 in RGB show the distribution of all of the alteration zones Moritz, R., Ghazban, F., Singer, B.S., 2006, Eocene gold ore formation at Muteh, Sanandaj-Sirjan tectonic zone, western Iran: a result of late-stage extension and exhumation of metamorphic basement rock within the Zagros orogen: Economic Geology, v. 101, p. 1497-1524. Paidar-Saravi, H, 1989, Petrographischlagerstättenkundliche Untersuchungen an goldführenden Gesteinen im Muteh-Gebiet im Westen vom Zentraliran: Heidelberger Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, 33, 174 pp Rachidnejad-Omran N, Emami, M.H, Sabzehei, M., Rastad, E., Bellon, H.,and Piqué, A., 2002 Lithostratigraphie et histoire paléozoïque à paléocènedes complexes métamorphiques de la région de Muteh, zone de Sanandaj-Sirjan (Iran méridional): Comptes rendus Geoscience, 334, 1185–1191 Thiele, O., et al 1968, Explanatory text of the Golpaygan quadrangle map, 1 :250000, GSI, No.E7. REFERENCES Abrams, M. J., Kahle, A. B. Palluconi, F. D., Shielde, J. P., 1984. Geological mapping using thermal images. Remote Sensing of Environment, 16, 13-33. Agard, P, Omrani, J, Jolivet, L, and Mouthereau, F, 2005, Convergence history across Zagros (Iran): Constraints from collisional and earlier deformation: International Journal of Earth Sciences, 94, 401–419. Alavi-Tehrani, N., 1980, Internal report on the Muteh prospects: Geological Survey of Iran (in Persian), Unpublished report, 15 p Amos, B, J, Greenbaum, D, 1989. Alteration detection using TM imagery, the effects of supergene weathering in an arid climate, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 10: 515- 527. Daliran, F, 2008, The carbonate rock-hosted epithermal gold deposit of Agdarreh, Takab geothermal field, NW Iran—hydrothermal alteration and mineralization. Mineralium Deposita 43, 383–404 Drury, S. A., Hunt, G. A., 1989. Geological uses of remotely-sensed reflected and emitted data of lateralized Archean terrain in Western Australia. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 10: 475- 497. Rutz-Armenta, J, R, Prol-Ledesma, R, M, 1998. Techniques for enhancing the spectral response of hydrothermal alteration minerals in Thematic Mapper images of Central Mexico, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 19: 1981-2000. 185
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Chapter - A OPEN PIT MINING
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3 METHOLOGICAL APPROACH AND EQUIPME
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23 rd 4 FINAL REMARKS Slope monito
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A OPEN PIT MINING AÇIK OCAK MADENCİLİĞİ

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