A OPEN PIT MINING AÇIK OCAK MADENCİLİĞİ

y alluvium. Green schist and hornfelsic
units are situated in northern part of the
deposit. Granitic units occurred in central
and southern parts of the deposit. Alteration
zones in the deposit consist of silicification
and argilic types. There is silisic veins and
veinlets by aperture between 1 cm and 1 m
and rarely consist of pyrite, chalcopyrite,
malachite and Fe-oxides.
3 IMPLEMENTATION OF REMOTE
SENSING TECHNIQUES FOR DATA
EXTRACTION
3.1 Pre-Processing and Corrections
Before processing the satellite images, it is
necessary that some corrections should be
made on the images, which is called the preprocessing
stage. These corrections are
applied to the raw images, which includes
geometric correction, radiometric correction
(to correct the effects of the uncertainties of
climate, topography and sensitivity of the
sensor) and Layer Stacking (matching VNIR
and SWIR) and etc. In this project, VNIR
and SWIR bands of ASTER image with a
pixel size of 15 m for Layer Stacking (PS =
15m) was made and then a PIX file format
was developed to be used in the processing
stage. Satellite images often contain some
redundant data that calling them "noise" such
as false light and atmospheric effects
(humidity and cloud). The present of this
data, will reduce the image resolution
(contrast).This information should be
removed from image to be clearer.
Therefore, after applying the correction, the
appropriate enhancement and detection is
performed in PCI GeomaticaV9.1 software.
3.2 ASTER Image Processing
Satellite image processing provides the
possibility of extraction geological data:
-Altered distinguish zones according to the
type of geological units.
- Identification and mapping of fractures and
faults to evaluate the structural situation.
-Evaluation of alteration zones associated
with faults and fracture systems
-Separating intrusive units according to their
possible role in mineralization in the area.
3.2.1 Lineaments, faults and structures
extracting
To distinguish structures in satellite
images, usually based on the status of the
plants, the drainages path deviation, an
abrupt change in lithology, differences in
images tone and texture and changing
Lithological unit's trend. Structures are
including major and minor faults, annular
structures that were divided in Image Work
section from PCI GeomaticaV9.1 software
with using different filters in the studied
area. Filter is applied to the better detections
of structures.Geological structures, faults and
ring structures in many geological
environments have significant association
with mineralization. In other word, structures
control the mineralization processes. In fact,
the faults are considered as suitable place for
adoption minerals.
The first Structures that identified by
satellite images were ring Structures. These
structures can be associated with the
intrusive effects which have any outcrops at
the surface, but cause to alterations at
surface. Many alterations occurred at the
intersection of faults or ring structures. Thus,
identifying and mapping on satellite images
help to the exploration of mineral potential
and tectonic position in the study area.
For detection of ring structures in the
study area, ASTER images with different
band combinations were used. Initially, it
was used 1,2,3 band combination in RGB
with using Image Work section from PCI
GeomaticaV9.1 and Arc View 3.2 software
and structures were identified in these band
combination(Fig 3b,3c). Then, 1,3,4 band
combination was used to verify the extracted
data. Concurrent, were used Edge
Sharpening filters (to detect faults border and
ring structures) and Laplacian Edge detector
filter (for separating mountain ridges of
faults).
In Figure 3a, the image of ETM, Landsat 7,
are shown general trend of the overall
structures of study area. As you can see in
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