A OPEN PIT MINING AÇIK OCAK MADENCİLİĞİ

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trucks because the conveyor overcomes long
distances and allow the processing plant to
be located outside the forest, eliminating the
need to remove more than 1000 hectares of
vegetation of Carajás National Forest (Vale,
2012).
According to the studies reviewed for this
article it is finally possible to highlight the
advantages of IPCC and disadvantages of
the of the conventional transportation
method by trucks. The advantages and
disadvantages are shown in table 1.
Table 1: Advantages of the IPCC System
and disadvantages of the transportation by
trucks
The advantages of IPCC are listed below:
Reduced emissions of carbon dioxide, because
most equipment uses electricity.
Low volume of suspended solids, dust.
Low operating cost.
Does not generate waste.
Diminished risks of work accidents.
Among the disadvantages of transportation
by trucks it is possible to highlight:
High carbon dioxide emissions from the fossil
fuel used in the trucks.
Production of noises by the trucks that can
affect the environment of nearby urban centers
or wildlife in forests.
Generating a lot of garbage due to tire waste
and truck maintenance.
High operating cost because the trucks travel
empty half the time.
Need of forest removal for road construction.
4 CONCLUSION
Regarding transportation in mining, the
trend is to opt for the use of transportation
without the use of trucks, the IPCC system.
Mining companies, especially large ones,
have been evaluating the possibility of
replacing the conventional method because it
is costly and also degrades the environment
too much.
As shown by some studies, such as Lopes,
especially in large mines, as the transport
distance to the processing plant increases,
the transportation cost by the conventional
method also increases, so the IPCC system
becomes competitive.
Despite the tendency to offer ready
solutions in the market, there is no one ideal
system for all operations. The selection of
the most appropriate transportation system
for each operation must take into
consideration some issues like: economic,
social, environmental and technical issues.
Trying to apply an existing project without
taking into account all the relevant issues
probably will not offer the best solution. The
trucks are appropriate for short distance
transportation and in some types of mine for
the manufacturing of sterile piles. As the
transportation distances and the system
capacity increases, the conveyors and mobile
machines become more efficient in terms of
cost. The lack of skilled manpower and the
growing concern about greenhouse gases
emissions also favor the use of the IPCC
system, provided there is suitable power
available.
REFERENCES
Brasil. Constituição, 1988. Constituição da
República Federativa do Brasil. Brasília, DF:
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Farias, C. E. G., 2002. Mineração e meio ambiente
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Trueman, E., 2001. In pit Crushing: The Application
and Benefits of Track Mounted Crushing
Equipment, Goldfields Mining Expo. Western
Austrália: National Seminar on New Trends in
Cost Effective Irom Ore Mining, pp. 27.
Calijome, A. (2011), Aspectos essenciais em
sistemas para longa distância, São Paulo,
http://www.revistaminerios.com.br/Publicacoes/3
505/aspectosessenciaisemsistemasparalongadistan
cia.aspx, (Accenssion date: 09.07.2012).
Lopes, José Raimundo., 2010. Viabilização técnica e
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