A OPEN PIT MINING AÇIK OCAK MADENCİLİĞİ

ore is a big environmental problem to some
mining companies. In conventional mining,
the transportation is discontinuous, that is,
done by trucks. This transportation method
has advantages such as high mobility.
However, the damage to the environment is
meaningful, such as the generation of oily
waste, tires and scrap, besides the generation
of carbon dioxide due to the burning of
fossil fuels and the need of vegetation
removal for road building. Figure 1 shows
the conventional extraction method cycle.
pit crushing and conveying. Articles and
theses were selected, based on the theme.
3 DISCUSSIONS
In the beginning of the 1940s studies of
alternatives to ore transportation by trucks
were initiated because it was responsible for
more than half the costs of mining.
According to Trueman, 52% of the activities
cost in a mine that operates by the
conventional method belong to ore
transportation by trucks (Trueman, 2001).
This cost distribution is shown on Figure 2.
Figure 1: Conventional extraction method
cycle.
Besides all these issues regarding the
environment, discontinuous transportation is
expensive, because the trucks operate empty
for 50% of the time. So, alternatively, the
continuous conveyors emerged. And these
proved to be far less injurious to the
environment.
In this article, the objective is discussing
an alternative transportation system to the
trucks. This transportation system consists of
belt conveyors and mobile crushers, which
together form a system called IPCC, also
known as continuous transportation.
2 METHODOLOGY
The following databases were consulted:
Portal de Periódicos Capes, Scientific
Electronic Library Online (Scielo), theses
from the Universidade Federal de Ouro
Preto. The following key words were used:
mining, conveyor belt, mobile crusher, in –
Figure 2: Cost of mining conventional
method
The alternative found to ore transportation
by trucks was the use of conveyors. The ore
is subjected to dismantling, loaded by
loaders and released on a conveyor belt that
carries the ore to the plant for crushing and
further processing. For better choosing the
type of conveyor belt, the distance that the
belt has to beat, the type of material and the
level difference between loading and
unloading are taken into account. In the
mineral production bulk commodities
transportation is the object of great attention
because of its influence on the operating and
maintenance costs and the concerns about
safety and the environment. The conveyor
belts are presented as a means of
transportation suitable for a wide variety of
applications, for its security, reliability and
low implementation and operation cost
(Calijome, 2011).
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