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23 rd In – Pit Crushing and Conveying (IPCC): An Option to Transport on Mining That Is Coast Lowering and Sustainable T. Santos, J. Miranda Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil ABSTRACT Aiming to work sustainably, mining companies all around the world search for ways to minimize the impacts of mining on the environment. Ore transportation by trucks is becoming one of the major causes of environmental impacts, due to the fact that it creates a considerable amount of waste, such as tires and excessive carbon emissions on the atmosphere. Beyond the environmental issue, the truck transportation method presents high operational and maintenance costs. Thus, as an alternative to this transport model, emerged on the decade of 1940 the possibility of carrying ores by conveyor belts and on the decade of 1950 emerged the first mobile crusher, which form together a system called IPCC. This proposition for transport is becoming a trend on the mining sector. That because the main issue became a factor of economy and viability of new enterprises along with the principles of sustainability. 1 INTRODUCTION Mining emerged in Brazil in the XVIII century, when Portuguese expeditions, called entradas e bandeiras, entered the interior of the country searching for precious metals. At that time, mining was predatory. Mining was executed without caring for environment issues and the main goal was to bring richness to the Portuguese Crown. Past the colonial period, mining activities continued to happen without any concern for the damage caused to the environment. The first time the damage mining could cause to the environment was discussed in 1988 with the creation of the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil. According to the Federal Constitution, in its article 225, subsection IV and paragraph 2, are provided, respectively, the requirement of previous study of environmental impact for the implementation of works or potentially harmful activities, besides the miner’s obligations of recovering the degraded environment, according to the technical solution required by the responsible public agency (Constituição, 1988). With the regulation of mining exploration, nowadays the companies do not care only about the production levels, but also about minimizing the environmental degradation. In the course of time, the mining sector’s vision has been suffering positive transformations, as highlighted Farias, “mining is one of the basic sectors of Brazil's economy. It contributes decisively to the welfare and quality of life improvement of present and future generations. It is crucial to the development of an equitable society, provided it is operated with social responsibility, and the principles of sustainable development always present "(Farias, 2002). Mining operations consist generally of dismantling, loading and transportation. Among these operations, transportation of 165
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