A OPEN PIT MINING AÇIK OCAK MADENCİLİĞİ

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Considering the procedure depicted in figure 7, the candidate locations of the in pit crushing and conveying unit is assumed to be on locations C1, C2, C3, and C4 as shown in figure 11. The corresponding hub network of the problem is given in figure 12. Figure 12. The hub network for SCM In figure 12, W1 and W2 represent the waste dumps located in the northeast and northwest of the open pit, respectively. Considering figure 12, the mathematical model of locating the IPC&C unit in SCM is developed as a single hub locating problem similar to the equations 2-5 and 7. The unit cost of operation on every path is calculated based on the shortest path between the face and the IPC&C unit. It means that, the unit cost of operation is a function of distance between the face and the IPC&C unit. Using the unit cost of operation and the amount of material that must be transported on every path, the mathematical model could be developed for the case of SCM. Based on the preliminary results, the optimum place of the IPC&C unit is determined to be on location C2 and the waste material should be transported to the dump W2. The W2 dump is the waste dump which is located in northwest of the pit and C2 (the location of the IPC unit) is located on the 9th bench of the mine and it is near the pit exit. According to the mining schedule of Sarcheshmeh, the location C2 will not be mined until the next 5 years. Therefore, on the year 2018, a new location for the IPC&C unit must be determined. 7 DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSION IPC&C system is going to play a significant role in transportation system of future open pit mines. Crushing and conveying systems are more reliable and cost effective compared to truck-shovel systems, hence these systems by decreasing costs can be an effective value driver for deep mines. The advantages of in pit crushing and conveying of materials are as follow: - less truck requirements, - less haulage consumable requirements (tires, fuel, lubricants, spare parts), - less earthworks requirements in order to excavate trenches for the conveyer instead of road building, - lower operating costs during mine life, - better availability and utilization, and - less maintenance for the hole system. In this paper the problem of locating an IPC&C system in open pit mines is investigated and formulated as a single hub locating problem. In selecting the optimum IPC location, two factors are considered. (1) The overall haulage cost as a function of distance is minimized, and (2) the selected site is chosen such that it is not inside the mine plan. The proposed method is applied to determine the optimum location of the in pit crushing and conveying system in Sarcheshmeh copper mine. It is also assumed that there is only one IPC&C unit for which the optimum location must be determined. In cases of using multiple IPC&C units in a mine, hub location problem can be applied as well. The preliminary studies showed that, the hub locating problem could be used to determine the location of the IPC&C systems in large open pit mines. Based on the method, C2 is selected for locating the in pit crushing unit and W2 is the selected destination for waste material handling by conveyer. 148
23 rd REFERENCES Alumur, S. A., & Kara, B. Y., 2008. Network hub location problems: The state of the art, European Journal of Operational Research, 190, pp.1–21. Alumur, S. A., Nickel, S., & Saldanha-da-gama, F., 2012. Hub location under uncertainty, Transportation Research Part B, 46, pp.529-543. Atchison T, & Morrison D., 2011. In-pit crushing and conveying bench operations, Iron ore conference, 11 - 13 July, Perth, 7 pages. Daskin M.S., 1995. Network and discrete location: Models, algorithms, and applications, Wiley, New York, cited in Hekmatfar & Pishvaee (2009). Guderley W., 1983. In pit crushing and conveying, 2nd Int. surface mining and quarrying symposium, 4-6 October, London, The Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, pp. 59-74. Hartman H.L., 1992. SME mining engineering handbook, 2nd edition, pp.1343- 1351. Hekmatfar M., & Pishvaee M., 2009. Hub Location Problem, in Facility Location Concepts, Models, Algorithms and Case Studies, Zanjirani F. R., Hekmatfar M. (eds.), Springer-Verlag, pp.243- 270. Konak G., Onur A.H., & Karakus D, 2007. Selection of the optimum in-pit crusher location for an aggregate producer, The J. of The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (SAIMM), Vol. 107, pp.161-166. Li, S. X., & Knights, P. 2009. Integration of real options into short-term mine planning and production scheduling. Mining Science and Technology (China), China University of Mining and Technology. 19(5), pp.674-678. Naeem, M. 2009. Using genetic algorithms for the single allocation hub location problem. MSc thesis, Brock University St. Catherines, Ontario. 129 pages. NICICO, National Iranian Copper Industries Company, website: http://www.nicico.com, visited on January of 2013. Osanloo M., 2010. Surface mining methods, 3rd edition (revised issue), Amirkabir University of technology, Vol. 2, pp.597-648. Robertson J.L., 1984. In-pit crusher cuts truck haul, Rock Products, vol. 87, pp.40–42. SRK Consulting (UK) Ltd., 2011. Sarcheshmeh Copper Mine Pit Design - Waste handling, External memorandum, 25 pages. Sturgul J.R., 1987. How to determine the optimum location of in-pit movable crushers, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, Vol. 5, N. 2, pp. 143-148. Toh RS., & Higgins RC., 1985. The impact of hub and spoke network centralization and route monopoly on domestic airline profitability, Transport J., Vol. 24, pp.16–27. Tutton D., & Streck W., 2009. The application of mobile in pit crushing and conveying in large, hard rock open pit mines, Mining Magazine congress, 8-9 October, Canada, 16 pages. 149
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Chapter - A OPEN PIT MINING
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3 METHOLOGICAL APPROACH AND EQUIPME
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A OPEN PIT MINING AÇIK OCAK MADENCİLİĞİ

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