A OPEN PIT MINING AÇIK OCAK MADENCİLİĞİ

Different types of in-pit crushers based on
mobility are as follow (Hartman, 1992):
Figure 4- Material flow in semi-mobile (a)
and mobile (b) crushers (Oraee et al, 2009)
A- Mobile crusher
This type of crusher works at the mine
face, is directly fed by an excavator, and
moves in unison with the excavator on its
own transport mechanism as mining
progresses
B- Semi-mobile Crusher
This unit works close to the mine face but
is moved less frequently than a mobile
crusher. The transport mechanism may be a
permanent part of the crusher frame.
C- Movable Crusher
A movable crusher is centrally located in
a mine near the same level as the mines
working face. It is relocated every 1 to 2
years, as required, to maintain the
relationship between distance and elevation
from the face.
D- Portable Crusher
This term is used in Europe for crushers
with temporary support foundations. The
crusher plant is moved in sections. In the
United States, this term refers to units that
can be moved on a highway with a minimum
amount of dismantling.
E- Modular Crusher
In a modular crusher, the crusher station
can be disassembled into modules and
reassembled in a new location in about 30
days. Such moves normally would not be
made more than every three to five years.
F- Semi-fixed Crusher
A semi-fixed crusher is mounted on a
steel platform, which reduces the need for a
concrete foundation. Any planned relocation
would not be for less than 10 years.
3.1 Truck-Shovel Advantage and
Disadvantage
The truck is most widely transportation
system used in mining. The ease of use and
flexibility of this system, are important
reasons of using that system. Truck consume
60 percent of its energy to move itself
compared to conveyor belt that use 20
percent of its energy to move itself and 80
percent of energy to move material.
It consume large amount of fuel at low speed
as 10 km/h and 50 percent of times of
mining operation move empty.
The advantages of combination of shoveltruck
system are as below:
The truck and shovel system is very
flexible to adapt to new position
The truck fleet can be kept small at the
begin of the mining and can be increase
with the dipper the pit develops
Increase of production can be easily made
by adding additional shovel and trucks
Selective mining is possible
Operative in all type of rocks
Disadvantages of truck and shovel can be
expressed as follows:
Discontinues material flow
Large fleet required
Extensive road preparation needed
Dependence on fuel cost
Limited transportation distance (less than
2 miles)
Limited road grade (less than 13%)
4 THE EFFECTIVE PARAMETERS IN
HAULAGE SYSTEM SELECTION
The selection of the type, size and operating
mode of a haulage unit can be a complex
task governed by a number of factors that
may be variable and defined depending on
the mining condition.
There are different effective parameters to
selecting mining equipment such as size,
132