A OPEN PIT MINING AÇIK OCAK MADENCİLİĞİ
A OPEN PIT MINING AÇIK OCAK MADENCİLİĞİ A OPEN PIT MINING AÇIK OCAK MADENCİLİĞİ
Area 3 and Area 4 show a similar behavior (Fig. 8): after an acceleration characterized by an important movement during June-July, the movement tends to slow down until January 2012 when the total cumulative displacement is about 1m. On the contrary, Area 6 only activates in September 2011and rapidly moves with an accelerating trend until January 2012, with a total cumulative displacement that exceeds 2.4m. These movements occurred as a consequence of the following factors: Bench height and steep bench angle consequence of the two landslides in February 2011 (bench height: 50m and bench angle close 90. Presence of low-cohesion geological formations (such us gravel, loam) Bad weather conditions (rainy and snowy season) Radar data show that during the monitored period only localized movements occurred and none of them led to large massmovements as occurred in February 2011. In October 2011 small movements were detected by IBIS-M in landslide area of February 2011, were some search and rescue operations were undergoing. The use of the radar allowed the local staff to manage the risk associated to the rescue operations. In fact, according to the radar data, the rescue operations were stopped, some small tension cracks were subsequently observed in the field and the operations started again once the radar data showed a deceleration of the movements in that area.. Area 3 Area 4 Area 6 Figure 8. Displacement time series relative to Area 3, Area 4 and Area 6 over the period June 2011 – January 2012 116
23 rd 4 FINAL REMARKS Slope monitoring radar represents today a standard practice for real-time monitoring of slope displacements in open-pit mines. IBIS- M is based on the SAR technique that ensures the highest resolution and longest operating distance available today. By covering all the scales of slope potential instabilities, from bench scale in open-pit mines to overall slope instability, IBIS-M is the perfect tool for both active and background long-term monitoring. Çollölar coal mine in Turkey has used IBIS-M as part of its pit monitoring system since 2011. IBIS-M has guaranteed 99% radar availability and was able to properly pick up several moving areas that showed different evolution during time. The full coverage allowed the geotechnical staff to accurately map the stability hazards and develop a production plan accordingly, thus maximizing production potential and increase safety standards. 2000. Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry. Proc. of the I.E.E.E. 88, pp. 333-382. Ural, S., Y üksel, F., 2004. Geotechnical characterization of lignite-bearing horizons in the Afsin–Elbistan lignite basin, SE Turkey. Engineering Geology 75 (2), 129–146. -Elbistan Mining Project and Mining Activities at AELI Establishment of -29. REFERENCES Antonello, G., Casagli, N., Farina, P., Leva, D., Nico, G., Sieber, A.J., Tarchi, D. 2004. Ground based SAR interferometry for monitoring mass movements. Landslides 1, pp. 21-28. Bozzano, F., Mazzanti, P., Prestininzi, A. 2008. A radar platform for continuous monitoring of a landslide interacting with a under-construction infrastructure. Italian J. of Engineering Geology and Environment 2, pp. 35-50. Corsini, A., P. Farina, G. Antonello, M. Barbieri, N. Casagli, F. Coren, L. Guerri, F. Ronchetti, P.Sterzai, and D. Tarchi. 2006. Space-borne and ground-based SAR interferometry as tools for landslide hazard management in civil protection. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 27, pp. 2351-2369. -Elbistan Coal Basin, Mine Plan for Restart of Coal Mining. (2012), MBEG Harris, N., Noon D., Rowley, R. 2006. Case Study of Slope Stability Radar used in Open Cut Mine, in Proc. of Int. Symp. on Stability of Rock Slopes in Open Pit Mining and Civil Eng., Cape Town, South Africa, 2006, pp. 335-342. Read, J., Stacey, P. 2009. Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood. Rosen, P.A., Hensley, S., Joughin, I.R., Li F.K., Madsen, S.N., Rodriguez, E., R.M. Goldstein 117
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23 rd <br />
4 FINAL REMARKS<br />
Slope monitoring radar represents today a<br />
standard practice for real-time monitoring of<br />
slope displacements in open-pit mines. IBIS-<br />
M is based on the SAR technique that<br />
ensures the highest resolution and longest<br />
operating distance available today. By<br />
covering all the scales of slope potential<br />
instabilities, from bench scale in open-pit<br />
mines to overall slope instability, IBIS-M is<br />
the perfect tool for both active and<br />
background long-term monitoring.<br />
Çollölar coal mine in Turkey has used<br />
IBIS-M as part of its pit monitoring system<br />
since 2011. IBIS-M has guaranteed 99%<br />
radar availability and was able to properly<br />
pick up several moving areas that showed<br />
different evolution during time. The full<br />
coverage allowed the geotechnical staff to<br />
accurately map the stability hazards and<br />
develop a production plan accordingly, thus<br />
maximizing production potential and<br />
increase safety standards.<br />
2000. Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry.<br />
Proc. of the I.E.E.E. 88, pp. 333-382.<br />
Ural, S., Y üksel, F., 2004. Geotechnical<br />
characterization of lignite-bearing horizons in<br />
the Afsin–Elbistan lignite basin, SE Turkey.<br />
Engineering Geology 75 (2), 129–146.<br />
-Elbistan Mining Project<br />
and Mining Activities at AELI Establishment of<br />
-29.<br />
REFERENCES<br />
Antonello, G., Casagli, N., Farina, P., Leva, D.,<br />
Nico, G., Sieber, A.J., Tarchi, D. 2004. Ground<br />
based SAR interferometry for monitoring mass<br />
movements. Landslides 1, pp. 21-28.<br />
Bozzano, F., Mazzanti, P., Prestininzi, A. 2008. A<br />
radar platform for continuous monitoring of a<br />
landslide interacting with a under-construction<br />
infrastructure. Italian J. of Engineering Geology<br />
and Environment 2, pp. 35-50.<br />
Corsini, A., P. Farina, G. Antonello, M. Barbieri, N.<br />
Casagli, F. Coren, L. Guerri, F. Ronchetti,<br />
P.Sterzai, and D. Tarchi. 2006. Space-borne and<br />
ground-based SAR interferometry as tools for<br />
landslide hazard management in civil protection.<br />
International Journal of Remote Sensing, 27, pp.<br />
2351-2369.<br />
-Elbistan Coal Basin,<br />
Mine Plan for Restart of Coal Mining. (2012),<br />
MBEG<br />
Harris, N., Noon D., Rowley, R. 2006. Case Study of<br />
Slope Stability Radar used in Open Cut Mine, in<br />
Proc. of Int. Symp. on Stability of Rock Slopes in<br />
Open Pit Mining and Civil Eng., Cape Town,<br />
South Africa, 2006, pp. 335-342.<br />
Read, J., Stacey, P. 2009. Guidelines for Open Pit<br />
Slope Design. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood.<br />
Rosen, P.A., Hensley, S., Joughin, I.R., Li F.K.,<br />
Madsen, S.N., Rodriguez, E., R.M. Goldstein<br />
117
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