A OPEN PIT MINING AÇIK OCAK MADENCİLİĞİ

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Figure 7. UPL5 3 CONCLUSION Sustainable development is consisted of three major issues including Economic, Environmental, and Social issues. Determination of UPL with the highest profit, may not coincide with sustainable development issues. Therefore, in this paper a procedure is introduced to determine a pit limit for open pit mines that meets all sustainable development issues. The procedure is tested on a 2D block model and the result shows that this approach is quite applicable to determine the UPL of open pit mines considering the sustainable development issues. REFERENCES Ataee-pour ,M.; Rahmanpour, M.; Adibee, N.; 2012, Ultimate pit limit optimization with simultaneous maxizimation of profit and ore content, 4 th Iranian mining conference, Tehran, Iran Burgher, E., K.; Erickson, E.; 1984, “The optimization of coal mine production schedules using linear programming: an example that determines the effects of reclamation costs and interest rates”, Mining Science and Technology, 2 (1984), pp. 69-78 Craynon, J.; Karmis, M.; 2011, Optimizing coal mine design for sustainable development at large surface coal mining operations in Appalachia, In: Aachen international mining symposia; Sustainable development in the mineral industry (SDIMI), Germany Coccetta, L.; Kelset, P., J.; 1997, Models for mine site rehabilitation, International conference on modeles and simulation, pp.2155-2160 Dogan, T.; Bascetin, A; Sertabipoglu, Z.; 2009, The Effects of Changing Block Size on Ore Quality Control and Environmental Impacts, Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Symposium on Mine Planning and Equipment Selection (MPES 2009), Alberta, Canada Gholamnejad, J.; 2009, Incorporation of rehabilitation cost intothe optimum cut-off grade determination, The Journal of The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Volume 108, pp.89-94 Gholamnejad, J.; Mojahedfar, A.R.; 2010, Determination of the largest pit with the nonnegative net profit in the open pit mines, Journal of Mining & Environment, Vol.1, No.2, PP.45-52 Hilson, G.; 2000 , Sustainable Development Policies in Canada’s Mining Sector: An Overview of Government and Industry Efforts, Environmental Science & Policy 3 (2000) 201–211 King, B.,M.;1998, Impact of Rehabilitation and Closure costs on Production Rate and Cut-off Grade Strategy, application of computers and operations research in the mineral industry (APCOM), 13 pages, London, UK Rashidinejad, F.; Osanloo, M.; Rezai, B.; 2008a, An environmental oriented model for optimum cut-off grades in open pit mining projects to minimize acid mine drainage, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 5 (2), pp.183-194 Rashidinejad, F.; Osanloo, M.; Rezai, B.; 2008b, Cutoff Grades Optimization with Environmental Management; a Case Study: Sungun Copper Project, IUST International Journal of Engineering Science, Vol. 19, No.5-1, 2008, pp. 1-13 United Nations, 1987. Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future. Available at: http://www.un-documents. net 110
23 rd Efficient Real Time Stability Monitoring of Mine Walls: The Çöllolar Mine Case Study P. Farina, N. Coli IDS, Ingegneria dei Sistemi SpA, Pisa, Italy R.Yön, G. Eken, H. Ketizmen Ciner Group, Turkey ABSTRACT Slope monitoring radar has emerged in the last ten years as a leading edge tool for monitoring movements in open pit mines, thanks to the ability to rapidly measure wall movements with millimetric accuracy over wide areas in any weather conditions. IBIS-M is an innovative interferometric radar able to provide high spatial resolution, long working distances and fast acquisition time. The first IBIS-M unit deployed in Turkey was installed in 2011 at the large lignite open pit Çöllolar Mine operated by Park Teknik. The geotechnical staff has now 24/7 real time monitoring of the slope stability with a wide coverage on the pit walls with the capability to detect the onset of wall movements far before the occurrence of failure, thus increasing the safety standards and productivity of the mine. The IBIS-M monitoring experience at Çöllolar mine is presented in this paper. 1 INTRODUCTION In surface mining industry a comprehensive slope monitoring program, aimed at managing potential large-scale instabilities and able to detect at the same time local scale movements, should represent an integral part of every effective slope management system. Among all the parameters to be considered and included in an effective slope monitoring program displacements, either surface or sub-surface components, play a crucial role. In fact, in open pit mines large failures are usually preceded by small scale slope movements, sometimes limited to few centimeters of total displacement and typically characterized by temporal evolutions ranging from several hours to several weeks. The capability of providing advanced notice over the whole slope of impending instability conditions, through the accurate and timely measurement of precursor to slope collapses clearly represents an outstanding benefit for the staff of the pit involved in the geotechnical risk management. The use of slope monitoring radars in open pit mines is today a standard practice for active monitoring of the pit walls. Radar units are effectively used to get a better understanding of the spatial distribution of slope movements and for the provision of alerts in the event of progressive movements that can potentially lead to slope failure, thus aimed at assessing the safety of workers and increase the mine productivity. Radar technology presents the advantages of high accuracy of the measurements, longrange capabilities, limited impact of atmospheric artifacts on the measurement performances, and possibility to simultaneously acquire the response over a large number of points without the need to install artificial reflectors on the slope. Slope monitoring radars are based on the radar interferometry, a well-known technology originally developed for satellite applications in order to retrieve ground 111
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Chapter - A OPEN PIT MINING
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A OPEN PIT MINING AÇIK OCAK MADENCİLİĞİ

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