A OPEN PIT MINING AÇIK OCAK MADENCİLİĞİ

through the use of a heuristic model
involving reclamation cost requirements,
linear programming can contribute
worthwhile information to the mine planner.
Caccetta and Keley (1987) declared there are
two basic requirements of mine site
rehabilitation: (i) that the site is safe, stable
and non-eroding at the end of the life of the
mine; and (ii) pollutants such as acidproducing
waste must been buried and been
capped with impermeable material. They
developed a mathematical formulation of the
mined land surface reshaping problem (the
first requirement).
King (1998) shows how rehabilitation and
closure costs of mines impacts the
production rate and cut-off grade strategy for
a mining operation. Rashidinejad et al
(2008a) developed a model for optimum cutoff
grades that not only relies on economical
aspects but also minimizes adverse
environmental impact in the form of acid
mine drainage elimination or mitigation
against the approach of postponing the
restoration/reclamation activities at the end
of the project’s life. Rashidinejad et al
(2008b) developed another useful
methodology that maximizes the profitability
of a mining project and minimizes its
adverse environmental impacts
simultaneously. The acid generating
potential of waste materials and tailings in
each alteration zone can be estimated by
laboratory and in-situ tests. They developed
a modified cut-off grade model with the
concept of elimination or reduction of the
AMD in the original place. Four coefficients
that discriminate between acid generating
and non- acid generating waste material and
tailings incorporated into the Lane’s model
to ensure optimality of cut-off grades.
Gholamnejad (2009) inserted mine
rehabilitation cost into the optimization
process and a new mathematical model
developed based on Lane’s method. Results
of the application of this method show that
considering rehabilitation cost can decrease
the cut-off grade. Dogan et al (2009) studied
the effects of different block size on reserve,
waste amount and distributions of chemical
component such as %CaO, %MgO in quarry
located at Darica, Istanbul. Scenarios with
different block dimensions created by
integrated mining software namely Surpac
6.1 and were compared. Effects of different
blocks on reserve, waste amount, chemical
distribution, and estimation of quality of
cement raw material were determined.
Gholamnejad and Mojahedfar (2010)
developed a mathematical model for
determination of the largest pit with the nonnegative
net profit in the open pit mines.
They declared this strategy can increase the
life of mine which is in accordance to the
sustainable development principals. Craynon
and Karmis (2011) declared that By utilizing
geographic information system (GIS) tools
to evaluate available data on environmental
and social resources, the regulatory barriers
which prevent operations from incorporating
ecological and other sustainable
development concerns into coal mine
sustainability performance were identified.
By analysis of the on-the-ground issues
related to sustainability, the key parameters
to be incorporated into an optimized coal
mine design in Appalachia are discussed
along with possible changes to the
regulatory framework that would enhance
incorporation of sustainability into coal mine
design. Ataeepour et al (2012) developed a
mathematical model for determination of
UPL with simultaneous maximization of
profit and ore content. They introduce a new
characteristic of deposit that named
“potential of extension” that is a guide for
designer for UPL selection on base of
resource efficiency and profitability.
2 UPL DETERMINATION ON BASE
OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
ASPECTS
2.1 General description
As above-mentioned, there general
method for UPL determination is on base of
profit aspect and there is no consideration on
sustainable development aspects. We try to
develop a method for captioned subject.
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