The Farm Journal Illustrated Rural Directory of Monroe County, New ...

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Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · County Directories Collection MONROE COUNTY Auto Livery CHURCHVILLE GARAGE E- e. MILLER, Proprietor Supplies, Accessories, Tires, Storage Vulcanizing South Main Street, Opposite the Mill CHURCHVILLE One Block From Buffalo Road NEW YORK Hjnm PLUMBING* HEATING Illulll Water Supply Systems for \lnQCnn Country Homes a Specialty OIUuuUII EASTPENFIELD •:- NEW YORK Do You Know That *-ife * s what you make it ? If you are be interested in Chiropractic. Spinal adjustments will do more than all other health sciences to restore health conditions to the body Look up your Chiropractor. Consultation costs nothing and may mean health to you. Chiropractic is right GO TO KEENE & KEENE THE PIONEER CHIROPRACTORS OF ROCHESTER, N Y. 62 STATE ST. Rooms 207-9-10-12 Bel! Phone, Main 5020 FOR 60 YEARS ROCHESTER'S LEADING CLOTHIERS THE GARSON STORE Clothing. Furnishings and Hats For Men and Boys MAIN and SOUTH AVE., ROCHESTER, N. Y. 380
Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · County Directories Collection CLASSIFIED BUSINESS DIRECTORY Concrete Concrete is made by mixing together Portland cement, sand and stone (or gravel). Various proportions of each are used, depending upon the use to which the concrete is put. About half an hour after mixing these materials together, the mass begins to stiffen, until, in from half a day to a day, it becomes so hard that you cannot dent it with the hand. By a month the mass is hard as stone—indeed, harder than most stones. The be/t way to buy cement is in cloth sacks. Manufacturers charge more for cement in cloth sacks, but allow a rebate for the return of the empty sacks. A bag of cement weighs 95 pounds, and four such bags make a barrel of 380 pounds. It is important that your stock of cement be kept in a dry place. Once wet, it becomes hard and lumpy, and in such condition is useless. If, however, the lumps are caused by pressure in the storehouse, the cement may be used with safety. Lumps thus formed can be easily broken by a blow from the back of a shovel. In storing cement, throw wooden blocks on the floor. Place boards over them and pile the cement on the boards, covering the pile with a canvas or a piece of roofing paper. Never, under any circumstances, keep cement on the bare ground, or pile it directly against the outside walls of the building. Do not use very fine sand. If there is a large quantity of fine sand handy, obtain a coarse sand and mix the two sands together in equal parts; this mixture is as good as coarse sand alone. Sometimes fine sand must be used, because no other can be obtained; but in such an event an additional amount of cement must be used—sometimes as much as double the amount ordinarily required. For example, in such a case, instead »f using a concrete 1 part cement, 2J4 parts sand and 5 parts stone, use a concrete 1 part cement, 1% parts sand and 2J4 parts stone. Besides being coarse, the sand should be clean. The presence of dirt in the sand is easily ascertained by rubbing a little in the palm of the hand. If a little is emptied into a pail of water, the presence of dirt will be shown by the discoloration of the water. This can be discovered also by filling a fruit jar to the depth of 4 inches with sand M then adding water until it is within an inch of the top. After the jar has been well shaken, the contents should be allowed to settle for a couple of hours. The sand will sink to the bottom, but the mud, which can be easily recognized by its color, will form a distinct layer on top of the sand, and above both will be a clear depth of water. If the layer of mud is more than one-half inch in thickness, the sand should not be used unless it is first washed. To wash sand build a loose board platform from 10 to IS feet long, with one end a foot higher than the other. On the lower end and on the sides nail a board 2 by 6 inches on edge to hold the sand. Spread the sand over this platform in a layer three or four inches thick, and wash it with a hose. The washing should be started at the high end and the water allowed to run through the sand and over the 2-by-6- 381 inch piece at the bottom. A small quantity of clay or loam does not injure the sand, but any amount over 5 per cent. does. Great care should be used in the selection of the stone or gravel. The pebbles should be closely inspected to see that there is no sclay on their surface. A layer of such clay prevents the "binding^ of the cement. If necessary, stone or gravel may be washed in the same way as above described for sand. Dust may be left in the crushed stone without fear of its interfering with the strength of the cement, but care should be taken to see that' such dust is distributed evenly through the whole mass, and when dust is found in stone, slightly less sand should be used than ordinarily. As to the si;« of stone or gravel, this must be determined by the form of construction contemplated. For foundations or any large thick structure, use anything from y 2 to 2Y2. inches in diameter. For thir: walls use J4 *° 1-inch stone. The best results are obtained by the use of a mixture of sizes graded from small to large. By this means the spaces between the stones or pebbles are reduced and a more compact concrete is obtained. Moreover, this method makes it possible to get along with less sand and less cement. Water for concrete should be clean and free from strong acids and alkalies. It may be readily stored in a barrel
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