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204 appendix h<br />

travel along an essentially 1-D (time-like) world line <strong>through</strong> the (m + n) universe.<br />

Your wristwatch would work. However, the world would be odd. If two people<br />

moving in different time directions happen to meet on the street, they would<br />

inevitably drift apart in separate time directions again, unable to stay together!<br />

Also, as discussed by J. Dorling, particles like protons, electrons, and photons are<br />

unstable and may decay if there is more than one dimension of time.<br />

All sorts of causal paradoxes can arise with more than one dimension of time.<br />

However, I do not think this precludes life, even if the behavior or the universe<br />

would be quite disturbing to us. Also, electrons, protons, and photons could still<br />

be stable if their energies were sufficiently low—creatures could still exit in cold<br />

regions of universes with greater than one time dimension. However, without welldefined<br />

cause and effect in these universes, it might be difficult for brains (or even<br />

computers) to evolve and function.<br />

None of these arguments rules out the possibility of life in the fourth spatial<br />

dimension (i.e., a (4 + 1) universe). For example, stable structures may be possible<br />

if they are based on short distance quantum corrections to the 1/r 2 potential or on<br />

string-like rather than point-like particles.<br />

A Simple Proof That the World Is Three-Dimensional<br />

In 1985, Tom Morley (School of Mathematics, Ge<strong>org</strong>ia Institute of Technology)<br />

published a paper titled "A Simple Proof That the World Is Three-Dimensional."<br />

The paper begins:<br />

The title is, of course, a fraud. We prove nothing of the sort. Instead<br />

we show that radially symmetric wave propagation is possible only in<br />

dimensions one and three.<br />

In short, this means that it may be difficult to have radio, television, and rapid<br />

global communication in higher-dimensional worlds. [For a theoretical discussion,<br />

see Morley, T. (1985) A simple proof that the world is three-dimensional. SIAM<br />

Review. 27(1): 69-71.]<br />

When I asked Tom Morley about some of the implications of his theories, he<br />

replied:<br />

These results should affect the inhabitants of other dimensions. Surely,<br />

Abbott's Fla.tla.nd creatures would have greater challenges than we do<br />

when communicating. In three dimensions, sounds get softer as we<br />

walk away, but in two dimensions, they get increasingly spread out in

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