Giant Molecules from Smaller Building Blocks Cells link monomers ...

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Carbohydrates Monosaccharides ( Mono = 1) (Sacchar = sugar) Disaccharides ( Di = 2) (Sacchar = sugar) Dehydration reaction in the synthesis of maltose Glucose Glucose Maltose Monomer + Monomer in the process of dehydration synthesis. Dehydration reaction in the synthesis of sucrose Glucose Fructose Sucrose Do you know what 2 plants are used in the U.S. to produce sucrose, or table sugar? Polysaccharides (poly=many) (Sacchar= sugar) Complex carbohydrates Long chains of sugar units Examples of Polysaccharides Chloroplast Starch Starch Found in roots and other plant organs. Glycogen granules Mitochondria Amylose Amylopectin Glycogen Animals store excess sugar in this polysaccharide. Glycogen is broken down in our bodies or hydrolyzed to release glucose when it is needed.
Cellulose Cellulose is the most abundant organic compound on Earth. Cellulose is also a polymer of glucose units, but the glucose monomers are linked together in different orientation. a Glucose a and b glucose ring structures b Glucose Cell walls Cellulose microfibrils in a plant cell wall Microfibril Starch: 1–4 linkage of a glucose monomers. Cellulose: 1–4 linkage of b glucose monomers. b Glucose monomer Cellulose molecules •Enzymes that digest starch by hydrolyzing alpha linkages can’t hydrolyze beta linkages in cellulose Carbohydrates are hydrophilic (hydro=water; philic=loving) biological molecules. In contrast to carbohydrates and other biological molecules,lipids do not mix with water. Lipids are hydrophobic (hydro = water) (phobic=fearing) Lipids Examples of lipids are: Fats Dietary fats consist of the molecule triglyceride. The triglyceride is made of a molecule of glycerol joined with 3 molecules of fatty acids. Like the hydrocarbons in gasoline, the long hydrocarbon chain of the fatty acid in a triglyceride stores a large amount of energy. A pound of fat packs more than twice as much energy as a pound of carbohydrates.
Page 1: Chapter 5-The Molecules of Life-Lar
Page 5: Steroids Steroids are very differen

Giant Molecules from Smaller Building Blocks Cells link monomers ...

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