Boring - Trenchless International

In this issue | Colombia | South Africa | Canada | United States | Bahrain | Hong Kong | Germany | UK | Poland
Boring
through Arizona
NASTT 20 th Anniversary
Asset Management
Robotics
April 2010
Issue 7
The official magazine of the ISTT

Dec Downey
Istt Chairman
International Society for
Trenchless Technology
www.istt.com
info@istt.com
Chairman: Dr Dec Downey
dec.downey@jasonconsult.com
Vice-Chairman: Dr Samuel Ariaratnam
ariaratnam@asu.edu
Executive Director: John Hemphill
hemphill@istt.com
Membership Secretary: Kyoko Kondo
kondo@istt.com
Executive Sub Committee
Derek Choi: China
Karel Franczyk: Czech Republic
Gerda Hald: Denmark
Norman Howell: United Kingdom
Olga Martynyk: Ukraine
Executive Director, ISTT
308 S. Lee Street
Alexandria, VA 22314
United States
Tel: +1 (703) 299-8484
Kyoko Kondo (Ms.)
Membership Secretary ISTT
3rd Nishimura Bldg.,
2-11-18, Tomioka, Koto-ku,
Tokyo 135-0047, Japan
Tel: +81 (3)5639 9970
FAX: +81 (3)5639 9975
Registered Address:
15 Belgrave Square
LONDON, SW1X 8PS
UK
Recently I looked back at past
issues of the Underground Construction
magazine Annual Municipal Survey and
compared their estimates of trenchless
activity in the water pipe rehabilitation for
2004 and 2009 and I was pleasantly surprised
to see significant growth, about 50
per cent in the past five years. Perhaps
the Dawn of the Replacement Era heralded
by AWWA in 2001 is actually upon
us – better late than never! Turning the
pages of the industry magazines and journals;
there certainly does seem to be an
increase in activity levels with job stories
and investment news on InsituGuard ® ,
Aquapipe ® , SwageLining and various
polymer spray linings. In the UK there
are expectations in certain quarters that
AMP5 will bring new emphasis on
structural lining now that water quality
programs have generally been completed
and in Hong Kong there seems to be
WSD projects on every street corner. The
need, as pointed out by AWWA and the
EPA Needs assessment, has been with
us for some time and perhaps now we are
seeing long overdue step change in installation
works.
Of course water mains renovation and
replacement is an order of magnitude
more difficult than corresponding sewer
works, condition assessment and service
reinstatements have always been more of
a challenge in clean water and perhaps
the absence of tools in the tool box has
been an inhibiting factor. There has been
progress in these areas – use of the
iTAP ® type robot seems to be satisfactory
and this is encouraging others to develop
similar tools. Leak detection has been recognised
as a particularly useful means of
identiying stressed pipelines and various
electromagnetic tools facilitate determination
of residual life and help prioritise
rehabilitation works. What else do we
need to keep the momentum growing in
this important sector of our business?
Clear standard specification and
approval procedures spring to mind. It
seems to take an inordinate amount of
time and money for the development of
standards and approvals and these are
vital to building the confidence in the
utility owner community that will unlock
the investments necessary to regenerate
our water infrastructure. Standards are
usually created by committees representing
owners and suppliers, some groups are
more welcoming to new entrants than others,
some are heavy with vested interests,
some seek to screen members by requiring
that they represent industry groups.
And here is my question to our membership
– should ISTT seek to play a role in
the developments of standards and exert
influence on the approvals procedures?
We can say that we represent all sides of
the industry and we do have within our
membership some of the most respected
professionals who could play a part in the
process subject of course to the establishment
of proper practices and procedures
within our organisation. In many cases the
regulation of the industry is quite properly
a local matter, though in Europe and
through North America regional groups do
the business. Where local determination is
the preference could ISTT fulfil an advisory
role to the national chapter or affiliated
society? Certainly we get many enquiries
concerning standards and approvals and
it may be we should put our hand up and
volunteer our potential contribution.
These activities are energy and time
intensive – we may need to consider
resourcing an initiative if our membership
considers that we should be more active
in these areas. Fortunately ISTT has come
though the lean times, at least for now, our
successful events and training initiative
mean that I hope to hand over a thriving
organisation to Dr Sam Ariaratnam
in November. Participation in standards
development in partnership with member
organisations may be a component
of the outreach we should be funding.
Let’s hear what you have to say. I write
this hoping that we can develop a lively
debate in the lead up to the Singapore
International Conference where your ISTT
Board members can be briefed to inform
a consensus. I shall be visiting NASTT in
Chicago, UKSTT at their annual dinner
and ABRATT in Sao Paolo in the coming
months so I hope to meet many members
and hear your views.
FROM the CHAIRMAN’s desk
April 2010 - Trenchless International
1

Issue 7 - April 2010
Great Southern Press
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Editor-in-Chief: Chris Bland
Managing Editor: Kate Pemberton
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ISSN: 1836-3474
In this issue | Colombia | South Africa | Canada | United States | Bahrain | Hong Kong | Germany | UK | Poland
Boring
through Arizona
NASTT 20 th Anniversary
Asset Management
Robotics
The official magazine of the ISTT
April 2010
Issue 7
Cover shows the recent record-breaking auger bores
have been accomplished across North America using
Robbins Small Boring Units.
This magazine is an official publication of the
International Society for Trenchless Technology (ISTT)
and is distributed free to members and other interested
parties worldwide. It is also available on subscription.
The publishers welcome editorial contributions from
interested parties. However, neither the publishers nor
the ISTT accept responsibility for the content of these
contributions and the views contained therein which
will not necessarily be the views of the publishers or
the ISTT. Neither the publishers nor the ISTT accept
responsibility for any claims made by advertisers.
All communications should be directed to the publishers.
Unless explicitly stated otherwise in writing, by
providing editorial material to Great Southern Press
(GSP), including text and images you are providing
permission for that material to be subsequently used
by GSP, whole or in part, edited or unchanged, alone or
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whether produced by GSP and its agents and associates
or another party to whom GSP has provided permission.
REGULARS
From the Chairman’s Desk 1
Executive Director’s Report 4
Upcoming Events 16
About ISTT/Membership 61
ISTT Membership/Directory 61
Contacts and Addresses of Affiliated Societies 62
Advertisers’ Index 64
Subscription and Editorial Schedule 64
News
World wrap 6
Trenchless update 8
ISTT news
Colombian Society digs deep 14
Nominate now! 16
South African award recognises HDD projects 18
Outstanding support for No-Dig 2010 20
North america
Underground in North America 23
Under Chicago 24
NASTT celebrates 20 years 26
Top 10 reasons to attend NASTT’s No-Dig 28
Dissecting the record-breaker 30
Powering New York State 32
After the hurricane – rebuilding New Orleans 34
Record breaking crossing in South Carolina 36
GAS
Peace River HDD intersect project 37
asset management
Hitting the 2030 target 41
Hong Kong benefits from PE rehab 42
projects
Pumping station back in action 44
Green machine saves the day 46
pipe cleaning
Coating shafts – substrate preparation perfected 47
Cleaning pipes with pigs 48
Bigger than Texas: PPIM puts pigs on show 51
robotics
Working together for trenchless advances 52
Obama champions robotics 54
industry review
The state of road gully systems in Germany
- Part 2 55
Chemically restoring pipeline position 58
2 3

executive director’s report
April 2010 - Trenchless International
John Hemphill
Istt Executive Director
I am writing this report amid record
snow that has blanketed the Washington
DC area, realising that by the time
you receive this issue of Trenchless
International the weather in most parts of
the northern hemisphere will have turned
decidedly warmer as the spring season
approaches. Spring time is a time of
renewal and ISTT renews its commitment
to advancing trenchless education and
training throughout the world. Beginning
in April, ISTT member societies will host
trenchless education and training activities
in their respective regions. The year
ends with ISTT hosting the 28th Annual
International No-Dig Conference and
Exhibition in Singapore. We have a full and
exciting agenda planned for 2010.
First out of the blocks is the Polish
Trenchless Society (PFTT), which will host
its IV Scientific and Training Conference
– No-Dig Poland 2010 in Kielce on 27–29
April. No-Dig Poland will also feature
an indoor/outdoor exhibition. The event
appears to be headed for a big success,
with participation from outside Poland
as well as from the Polish Government
offices of Infrastructure and Environment.
The month of May has two regional
No-Digs. The North American Society
(NASTT) will hold its 28th annual No-Dig
Show on 2–7 May near Chicago. The Show
will mark the 20th anniversary of NASTT.
The NASTT No-Dig is the number one
trenchless event in North America. I look
forward to attending as both a member
of NASTT and of ISTT. Across the pond,
the Scandinavian Society (SSTT) will be
hosting its annual No-Dig on 5–6 May in
Bergen, Norway. The SSTT conference
features 18 presentations on trenchless
over the two days of the event including
one by ISTT Executive Committee member
Gerda Hald.
June is a busy month with trenchless
conferences taking place in Russia,
Colombia and Ukraine. The Russian
Trenchless Society (RSTT) is participating
in the ECWTECH underground conference
and exhibition to be held in Moscow
on 1–4 June. The conference mirrors the
2008 International No-Dig format. ISTT
Chairman Dec Downey will participate
in what promises to be a very exciting
conference. The newly affiliated Colombia
Trenchless Society (CISTT) will hold its
first Underground Infrastructure and
No-Dig Show on 3– 4 June in Cartagena.
The CISTT plans to include an academic
event as part of its conference as well as
a demonstration of equipment and materials.
Sam Ariaratnam, ISTT Vice Chairman
and I plan to attend the conference. The
Ukrainian Trenchless Society (UAMTT)
will hold its annual conference on 11–12
June in Odessa. I had the pleasure of
participating in this conference last year.
The UAMTT conference offers presentations
covering trenchless technologies
and methods, and academic research.
At the mid-point of the year, the
Brazilian Trenchless Society (ABRATT)
will hold a No-Dig conference and exhibition
in Sao Paulo on 21–22 July. I
understand that the events exhibition area
has been filled. The two-day conference
will focus on municipal projects the first
day and technical presentations on the
second. Both Chairman Downey and Vice
Chairman Ariaratnam plan to attend. On
14–15 September, the Czech Republic
(CzSTT) will hold its 15th annual No-Dig
Conference and Exhibition in Liberec. The
CzSTT event is off to a strong start with
several sponsors already on board.
The United Kingdom, Australia and
Austria are hosting trenchless events in
October. The United Kingdom (UKSTT)
will hold the tenth in its highly successful
biennial No-Dig Live event at Stoneleigh
Park, near Coventry, 5–7 October – featuring
a host of live demonstrations. The
Australasian Society (ASTT) has scheduled
“Trenchless Live 2010” in New South
Wales on 17– 20 October. And the Austrian
Society (AATT) has their annual trenchless
conference set for 19–20 October in
Saalfelden. These events offer an excellent
opportunity to learn about the latest
in trenchless developments.
The year appropriately concludes with
the 28th International No-Dig Conference
and Exhibition on 8–10 November at
the Suntec Singapore International
Convention and Exhibition Centre.
Sponsorship commitments include
Vermeer, who has signed up for the Gold
level and Pure Technologies as Silver
Sponsors. Exhibition space is filling up
extremely fast and some 80 per cent of
the available space is already booked by
companies from Singapore, USA, China,
Denmark, Germany, Malaysia, Australia,
UK and Italy. Prospective exhibitors are
encouraged to contact Westrade Group
to reserve space before it’s too late!
The conference has also attracted a high
level of interest with some 50 abstracts
received from all over the world, with a
month to go before the deadline. No-Dig
Singapore is supported by a number
of influential organisations, including
Singapore’s national water agency,
Public Utility Board (PUB). The Institution
of Engineers’ Singapore (IES) has also
recently confirmed its official participation.
Mark your calendar for this event and start
making arrangements to attend – more
information on the show website
www.nodigsingapore.com
As you can see, ISTT and its member
societies offer many opportunities to
participate in regional events throughout
the world. Most of these events are well
established and highly regarded for their
technical content. We also have conferences
scheduled in new world venues,
which expands the trenchless community’s
education and training reach and
opportunities to further the use of trenchless
methods.
I hope you will be able to participate in
at least one of these events. I know you
will find it a rewarding experience.
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4

World wrap
New Orleans rebuilding infrastructure
following Hurricane Katrina
The Sewerage and Water Board of New
Orleans will spend $US196 million over the next
five years to reduce sewage leaks from New
Orleans’ deteriorating east bank sewer system.
Thames Water awards contract for Lee Tunnel
Thames Water has awarded a £400 million contract for the
construction of the Lee Tunnel, located in East London,
which will prevent sewage entering the River Lee. The contract
is the largest ever awarded by Thames Water.
Repairing Sarajevo’s sewers
The World Bank has approved $US35 million in
financing for the Sarajevo Waste Water Project to
rehabilitate wastewater infrastructure in Sarajevo,
a vast proportion of which was severely damaged
in the 1992–95 conflict.
Sweet home Chicago
Chicago will play host to NASTT’s 20th
Anniversary No-Dig Conference and
Exhibition. See the North America feature
on page 23 for more information.
Insituform expands into
South East Asia
Insituform has expanded its operations
into South East Asia following
the acquisition of its former Singapore
licensee, Insitu Envirotech.
New trenchless society for Colombia
The new ISTT affiliate, the Colombian Society for
Trenchless Technology (CISTT) has been established
in Colombia and will represent the industry
in the region.
News
April 2010 - Trenchless International
New TBMs say Olá to Mexico City
Three Robbins TBMs are on their way to
Mexico City and will soon arrive to continue
work on the Emisor Oriente project.
Sewer rehab a priority for Bahrain
The Bahraini Ministry of Works has announced
that rehabilitating crumbling sewer mains will be
a priority over the next 20 years. Turn to page 43
to find out more.
Keep up to date with this news and more by subscribing to the Trenchless International online update.
Tite Lining a magnetite pipe
United Pipeline Systems will reline mining
pipelines for the Sino Iron Ore project in
the Pilbara region of Western Australia as
part of a $US10.9 million contract.
www.trenchlessinternational.com
news
April 2010 - Trenchless International
6
7

H E R R E N k N E C H T A G | U T I L I T y T U N N E L L I N G | T R A F F I C T U N N E L L I N G
G E R M A N y
8NEWS
April 2010 - Trenchless International
8
British floods strengthen the
case for asset management
The United Kingdom Environment Agency has released a report identifying
the need to upgrade asset management processes around the country
following damages caused by excessive flooding in 2007. Of the £4 billion
worth of damages, £186 million is attributed to vital water infrastructure. In
response to the report, British water authorities have recognised that much
of their vital infrastructure, including distribution assets and treatment plants
situated near rivers, require increased protection.
NASTT rewards young trenchless professionals
The North American Society for Trenchless Technology (NASTT) has
announced a new scholarship program and a new award to honour
the memory of two influential people in the trenchless industry and to
encourage young professionals in the trenchless industry.
The Michael E Ardent Memorial scholarship program includes five individual
scholarships of $US5,000 each to be awarded to eligible students
who are members of a current chapter of NASTT. The Trent Ralston Award
for Young Trenchless Achievement has been created by the NASTT to
acknowledge a young individual who has demonstrated excellence in the
early stages of their career and has made a valuable contribution to the
Trenchless Technology industry.
EPA invests to renew or retire
aging water infrastructure
The EPA will invest $US10 million in the Aging Water Infrastructure
Research Program to evaluate new technologies that will assist utilities in
coping with aging and failing water and wastewater systems in the United
States. The research will be undertaken by the US Water Environment
Research Foundation and will examine innovative tools and procedures to
improve the maintenance, rehabilitation, and replacement of aging sewer
lines, water mains, and other components that constitute water and wastewater
infrastructure in a cost-effective manner.
Hawaii commended for green wastewater projects
The Hawaii State Department of Health (DoH) has been recognised for
its innovation and program management in underground infrastructure
and its ability to exceed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act’s
Green Project Reserve requirements. One such green project is Honolulu’s
Waimalu Sewer project, which is currently undertaking microtunelling
operations.
The late Trent Ralston.
Can’t wait for the next edition of Trenchless International?
Get the latest news at www.trenchlessinternational.com/news
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Pipeline length: 283m
Geology: sand, silt, clay, gravel,
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Subterranean storage caverns for natural gas are being built on the Ems River, near the city
of Leer, in Northern Germany. This requires flushing out salt mines to produce large underground
cavities. In order to discharge the concentrated saltwater (brine), a 42-kilometer long
pipeline must be laid to the Outer Ems near the city of Emden – the last 283 meters of the
outflow pipe at the “Rysumer Nacken” artificial dune field will be built using the new one-pass
Direct Pipe® method developed by Herrenknecht.
This innovative installation technology means that any disturbance of the delicate
natural environment around the East Frisian mud flat can be kept as minimal as possible.
Compared with conventional methods, Direct Pipe® does not require the costly and timeconsuming
installation of steel sheet piles alongside the offshore route.
With the help of a Pipe Thruster, the prefabricated pipe string will be pushed directly
towards the inlet structure located in the Outer Ems. The excavation work can be carried out
simultaneously by a tunnelling machine which is coupled to the pipeline and, after reaching
the target, can be disconnected and removed.
Direct Pipe® met the high expectations of all parties involved as far as both efficiency
and environmental protection are concerned and also made a valuable contribution towards
securing future supplies of natural gas.

Largest CIPP project in Ireland
CIPP has been used to rehabilitate twin 1,350 mm diameter culverts
crossing the Ballyogan Stream that were at risk of structural failure at
the Ballyogan Landfill Site, just outside of Dublin, Ireland. Insituform
Environmental Techniques were subcontracted to reline twin water culverts
that convey the Ballyogan Stream through the 62 hectare landfill site.
Rehabilitation works took place using two single shot installations, each
271 metres long, using CIPP lining technology. The project was the largest
CIPP lining job in Ireland to date.
Considering trenchless under Victoria Harbour
Tunnel boring, microtunnelling and HDD are all being considered for
the construction of more than 20 kilometres of deep sewage tunnels under
Hong Kong’s Victoria Harbour.
Proponent AECOM will build a sewage conveyance system of deep tunnels
to transport the remaining raw sewage for enhanced treatment and
disinfection at the Stonecutters Island treatment facility. Upon completion,
more than 20 kilometres of deep sewage tunnels will cover areas at a maximum
depth of 130 metres below sea level.
Can’t wait for the next edition of Trenchless International?
Get the latest news at www.trenchlessinternational.com/news
Precision.
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April 2010 - Trenchless International
10
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Jacking pipes under Warsaw
Over 7 kilometres of pipes are being jacked under Warsaw as part of
construction works for a water collector pipe for the Czajka wastewater
treatment plant currently being constructed on the River Vistula in Poland.
Divided into three sections, the first section is approximately 5.7 kilometres
long and uses Hobas jacking pipes OD 3,000, which are to be installed
along the right side of the Vistula.
Singapore’s PUB awards CIPP contracts
Singapore’s national water agency, the Public Utility Board (PUB), has
awarded $US18.5 million worth of CIPP contracts to rehabilitate sewer lines.
Recently acquired Insituform subsidiary, Insitu Envirotech, has been
awarded four contracts totalling $US18.5 million to rehabilitate approximately
50 miles of sewer pipelines in Singapore for the PUB.
The works are a part of the PUB’s $US295 million rehabilitation program
that began in 2009. The project will see the rehabilitation of over 700 miles
of public sewers and 30 miles of pumping mains by 2014.
Turn to page 20 for all the latest information on the upcoming
International No-Dig 2010, to be held in Singapore in November.
Can’t wait for the next edition of Trenchless International?
Get the latest news at www.trenchlessinternational.com/news
news
April 2010 - Trenchless International
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12

Colombian Society digs deep
ISTT news
April 2010 - Trenchless International
A new Trenchless Technology Society has been established in Colombia.
The Colombian Institute of Subterranean Infrastructure Technologies and
Techniques will encourage the use of trenchless solutions in the vibrant
capital Bogotá and throughout the South American country.
Colombian representatives
were in attendance at the ISTT
International No-Dig in Toronto in early
2009. The affiliation of the Colombian
Institute of Subterranean Infrastructure
Technologies and Techniques (CISTT)
was agreed upon, as well as a decision to
celebrate the inaugural Colombian No-Dig
in June 2010. The first CISTT meeting was
held in 2009, attended by representatives
from companies including Empresas
Públicas de Medellín (EPM), Coninsa
RAMONH, SYE, VE, Herrenknecht,
SOLETANCHE, BESSAC, PAVCO and
FLOWTITE.
The ISTT and the CISTT have common
aims concerned with advancing
the science and practice of Trenchless
Technology.
The Colombian trenchless industry is
vibrant and growing. A successful course
was held at the EAFIT University (Escuela
de Administración y Finanzas de Medellín),
called: Tecnologías de Excavación sin
Zanja, or Trenchless Technology. The
course was attended by 26 engineers
belonging to several companies including
EPM, E.S.P, Coninsa – Ramón H – S.A.
and SYE Ingenieros.
A number of projects have utilised
Trenchless Technology to avoid surface
disruption and complete projects on time
and in budget. The CISTT will facilitate
the continued growth of the trenchless
industry.
Fucha – Tunjuelo Interceptor
The Fucha – Tunjuele Interceptor
will transport wastewater from La
Magdalena Reservoir to a sewerage
treatment plant. This interceptor is
9.4 kilometres long with a variable
overburden of 8 and 15 metres and
an internal diameter of 3.75 metres.
The tunnel was constructed using an
EPB Machine with precast segments,
beginning 26 February 2007 and finishing
in November 2009.
This contract, design and construction,
was executed by a consortium
composed by Soletanche – Bachy
– Conconcreto and the owner is the
EAAB (Empresa de Acueducto y
Alcantarillado de Bogotá).
Pilot tube microtunnelling in
Fontibón, Bogotá
This microtunnelling project was
designed and constructed in order
to solve a problem the lack of capacity
of a combined system and repair
serious deterioration. The solution
proposed was dividing stormwater
from wastewater. The total length was
21 kilometres, including 18 kilometres
installed by trenchless methods
through soft clay and sand. The diameter
ranged from 400 to 1,800 mm.
Prado Centro project
The relining of a 149 metre tunnel
system, with an external diameter
of 1,700 mm, under one of the most
important hospitals in Medellin was
completed by hand excavation with
steel support and the construction of
a parallel pipeline to collect laterals
from the hospital.
The advantages of this project
include:
• Less environmental and social
impact
• Pilot project in Medellín
• Less risk during construction
• Standardised process,
mechanical strength
guaranteed
• Parking and cab zone
• Permanent access to the
hospital.
CIPP in Medellín – La Hueso
Creek Project
This CIPP project to rehabilitate
the south pipe of La Hueso creek
with a total length of 1,067 metres
(3,500 feet) involved three different
internal diameters: 700 mm, 800 mm,
and 900 mm.
North Interceptor
microtunnelling project in
Medellín
The North Interceptor will transport
the wastewater and stormwater of
several neighbourhoods to the local
sewerage treatment plant. The
pipeline will cross four rivers and
necessitates 4.5 kilometres of branch
interceptors.
Construction of the 7.7 kilometre
interceptor, with internal diameters of
1.8, 2.2 and 2.4 metres, will be completed
in two sections;
Section one – Caribe Neighbourhood
to Metro System workshops
Section two – Western Regional
roadway (projected) to treatment
plant, incorporating four river
crossings
The average volume is 6.5 cubic
metres per second and the maximum
volume including all connections is
13.5 cubic metres per second.
Río Bogotá – Tunjuelo –
Canoas microtunnelling
interceptor
The Río Bogotá – Tunjuelo –
Canoas is an interceptor to continue
the general sanitation project of the
Bogotá River and its creeks and reservoirs.
The length of the interceptor
is 8.1 kilometres with an internal
diameter of 4.2 metres and external
diameter of 4.8 metres, to be
installed in soft soil. The minimum
overburden is 12 metres and the
maximum overburden is 32 metres.
Colombia is bordered by Venezuela,
Brazil, Ecuador, Peru and Panama.
Population: 45 million
istt news
April 2010 - Trenchless International
14
15

Events
ISTT news
April 2010 - Trenchless International
Nominate now!
The 2010 ISTT No-Dig Awards will be presented at the
International No-Dig Conference and Exhibition, to be
held in Singapore
8–10 November. Submit your entry now!
Awards may be made for entries in
four categories for work completed during
2009–10 as follows:
• Academic research project or
training aid/course
• Trenchless project completed
• New machine, tool, material, system
or technique introduced
• Student or young professional
paper – members regularly
enrolled in college or university, or
spending at least half their time on
academic course work.
The aim of the ISTT is to promote
the science and practice of Trenchless
Technology, and the Awards are intended
to raise the profile and status of the
Society and its award winners.
The judges will be asked to consider:
• Does the entry make a contribution
to the advancement of Trenchless
Technology worldwide?
• Does the entry contribute to protecting
the environment and/or to
reducing social costs?
• Are the above benefits clear from
the entry?
• Is the entry commercially and economically
practicable?
• Is the entry innovative, ingenious,
elegant or novel?
• Will the award make an impact with
the media, decision-makers and
the general public?
• Will the award impress ISTT
members?
• Has the entry been well explained
and presented?
The entry can relate to the practical use
or development of trenchless systems, or
to equipment for the installation or rehabilitation
of underground utility networks.
As examples they may be concerned with
achievements in terms of:
• Improved economy and competitiveness
of trenchless installation
• Length of speed of drive for installation,
replacement or renovation
• Accuracy or size of installation
• Materials used
• Ground conditions successfully
dealt with
• Improved acceptability for clients,
operators and/or the environment
• Underground detection, recording
and mapping of obstacles, both
natural and man-made
• Health and safety of employees
and the general public
• Matters related to training in the
field of trenchless work
• Research into any of the topics
that surround working on utilities
underground.
Entries are required to be submitted
in English and should be prepared with
the above criteria in mind to a maximum
of 1,000 words in one of the standard
electronic formats (for example MS Word,
WordPerfect) supported by suitable illustrations.
The illustrations should be in
JPG format so that they can be circulated
quickly to the judges. Further details are
available from the ISTT.
The closing date for entries is 30 July 2010. Entries should be
submitted to the ISTT at info@istt.com
No-Dig Poland 2010
Kielce, Poland
27–29 April 2010
www.nodigpoland.tu.kielce.pl
NASTT No-Dig Show 2010
Chicago, United States
2–7 May 2010
www.nodigshow.com
IFAT China
4–6 May 2010
Shanghai New International Expo Centre
(SNIEC)
www.ifat-china.com
SSTT No-Dig show
Bergen, Norway
5–6 May 2010
www.sstt.dk
No-Dig Moscow 2010
1–4 June 2010
www.nodig2008.sibico.com
CISTT No-Dig 2010
Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
2–4 June 2010
UAMTT Conference
Odessa, Ukraine
11–12 June 2010
Engineering 2010
Tomaszowice, near Krakow
16–18 June
Singapore International Water Week
Singapore
28 June–2 July 2010
www.siww.com.sg
No-Dig Latin America
Sao Paulo, Brazil
21–22 July 2010
www.abratt.org.br/nodig2010
CzSTT No-Dig Conference and Exhibition
Liberec, Czech Republic
14–15 September 2010
www.czstt.cz
UKSTT No-Dig Live
Coventry, UK
5–7 October
www.nodiglive.co.uk
Trenchless Live 2010
Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
15–18 October 2010
www.trenchless2010.com
International No-Dig 2010
Singapore
8–10 November 2010
www.nodigsingapore.com
Vietwater 2010
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
10–12 November 2010
Bauma China
Shanghai, China
23–26 November 2010
www.bauma-china.com
International No-Dig 2011
Berlin, Germany
2–5 May 2011
www.istt.com
WASSER BERLIN 2–5 May 2011
www.wasser-berlin.com
International No-Dig 2012
Sao Paulo, Brazil
14–16 May 2012
www.nodigshow2012.com
INTERNATI ONAL
Singapore
N O
- D
I G
2 0 1 0
Supported by
,
2010 s world
forum on
trenchless
technology
28 TH International Conference & Exhibition
8-10 November 2010 - Singapore
■ Major Exhibition showcasing the very best
products and services for the installation and
refurbishment of underground utilities
■ International Conference programme featuring the
latest innovations and techniques
For further information on exhibiting, attending the conference, or
visiting the exhibition, keep up to date at www.nodigsingapore.com
or contact the appointed organisers:
All Enquiries: Westrade Group Ltd
Tel: +44 (0) 845 094 8066
Email: trenchless@westrade.co.uk
www.nodigsingapore.com
Organised by
International Society for
Trenchless Technology
Held in
16

istt news
April 2010 - Trenchless International
South African award
recognises HDD project
A reticulation project in South Africa, using horizontal directional drilling to connect ten buildings in
Johannesburg’s CBD, has received the 2009 SASTT Award for Excellence.
The Joop van Wamelen SASTT Award
was presented to Managing Member
Sam Efrat and General Manager Marco
Camarda of Trenchless Technologies cc
at the SASTT Annual General Meeting
by the outgoing SASTT President Johann
Wessels. The award ceremony took place
at the regional offices of Johannesburg
Water in Midrand on 2 February 2010.
Award ceremony L-R, Marco Camarda,
Samuel Efrat and Johann Wessels.
Fast facts
• Contractor: Trenchless
Technologies cc
• Employer: ABSA Bank
Limited
• Project Managers: Mokala
Collins/JM Henrey &
Associates Joint Venture
• Consultants: Taemane/SDE
and Asak/LC.
The project
The works involved connecting ten of
ABSA Bank’s buildings in Johannesburg’s
CBD with 100 underground sleeves for
electricity, gas, fibre optic, as well as low
temperature hot water and chilled water.
Drilling took place from building basement-to-basement
beneath the busy CBD
roadways, at depths of up to 16 metres,
using horizontal directional drilling.
Sleeve diameters ranged in size from
160, 225, 450, 500, 560 and 710 mm using
PE 100 PN 8 HDPE pipe. The 160 mm and
225 mm sleeves were installed in bundles
of three, four or six pipes. The ten month
contract had a value of R13 million
($US1.7 million). The type of contract
document used was the NEC3.
Challenges and solutions
The ABSA building’s basement floors
were originally designed to support
the weight of a typical sedan vehicle.
Consequently the Terra-Jet 7520 automatic
rod loading system was removed to
decrease the machine weight and propping
was undertaken from the floor below
to support all areas over which the drill
needed to travel into the required positions
within basements.
A floor to sprinkler height restriction
required that all equipment be less than
2.1 metres in height. Consequently the
Terra-Jet 7520 was further modified by
removing the operator cabin, rebuilding
the hydraulic oil tank at a lower position
and lowering the encapsulating body work
such that the remodelled drill resembled a
tank with a height of only 1.8 metres.
The majority of the installations took
place in clay whilst the remaining 20 were
in rock. The presence of the rock necessitated
the use of percussive hammer and
rock reamers to expand the holes to the
required diameters.
Lateral support ground anchors were
encountered during drilling on 26 of the
Terra-Rock Air Percussion Head
OD 95.
TCI Roller low torque rock reamer.
crossings. The presence and position of
these were unforeseen, and resulted in
the entanglement of drilling equipment
in several instances. Drilling tools were
pulled, pushed and rotated until they
became free or broke the ground anchoring
cables. In two instances the entangled
cable would not break and an acetylene
oxygen cutter was modified and inserted
within the bore to cut the cable and free
the drilling tools.
In order to gain access to the drill face,
coring to remove concrete lateral walls
from 300 – 500 mm thick was required.
Containment of the large volumes of bentonite
and spoil was a necessity as the
basements are maintained in a pristine
condition and in daily use. This was made
possible using specially constructed tanks
and brick burms.
The removal of bentonite to the surface
was one of the greatest challenges the
project faced. Initially pumping, which
is by far the preferred method of spoil
removal did not look feasible. This was
due to requiring extremely long pipe
lengths – of up to 600 metres – to remove
the bentonite from basement-to-basement
up the vehicular ramps. However, at the
planning stage the idea was put forward
Ground anchor in rocky bore.
Pilot drill and bentonite collection.
to core holes through the slabs and enable
vertical pumping along the shortest
route to reduce pumping lengths to less
than 200 metres.
For the first six months of contract no
drilling was allowed during the ‘freeze
period’ from the 26th of the preceding
month to the 5th of the following month.
This was to prevent any potential damage
to cables and infrastructure during
the busy end of month banking period.
This resulted in a very tight work schedule
necessitating crews to work day and night
shifts, seven days a week.
The location of drilling equipment on
either side of the walls was required
through concrete, rock and at depths of
up to 16 metres. Trenchless Technology
cc made use of the radio detection i-track
system and tracked the equipment horizontally
from the basements on either side
of each crossing.
Confined access into basements via
vehicular ramps required short six metre
lengths of HDPE pipe to be individually
transported down into basements where
they were butt-welded into long continuous
lengths for installation.
Whilst in the museum the only access
was by means of a lift and pipe lengths
were limited to three metres. Here, and
in other confined and storage areas and
plant rooms, the bentonite was collected
in tanks and removed in ‘wheelie’ bins.
In two instances the HDPE pipe was
hammered into the completed bore from
the drill machine side in a pipe ramming
operation, as there was no access to pull
the piping in from the opposite side of the
bore.
The benefits of using Trenchless
Technology for the ABSA project
The installations were exceptionally
deep, precluding conventional excavation
methodology. There was no damage
to roadways and existing buried infrastructure,
nor was there any disruption
to pedestrian and vehicular traffic in the
busy CBD area. Cost savings were also
significant when compared to other possible
methodologies.
Why HDD?
HDD allowed the insertion of the preferred
HDPE sleeves without requiring the
installation of a temporary pipe or permanent
rigid pipe, followed by the HDPE pipe
installation. HDD required no thrust abutment
wall, and also allowed for adequate
steering accuracy. The equipment is selfpropelled
and capable of drilling in a wide
range of soil conditions including clay and
rock. It is also sufficiently compact and
manoeuvrable to be able to operate in the
confined basement spaces.
Six metre lengths of HDPE piping.
Trenchless Technologies cc was established
in 1991 and to date have completed
over 220,000 metres of trenchless pipeline
rehabilitation and new installation works.
They have been the Southern African
agent for Terra AG since 1993.
Previous awards include the SAICE
Pretoria Branch Award for Technical
Maxi-Rig Directional Drills
Auger Boring Machines
Product Tooling & Accessories
Mud Pump & Cleaning Systems
Oil & Gas Drill Rigs
Mid-Size Directional Drills
Completed installation with basement
returned to their pristine condition.
Excellence in 2000, along with the City
of Tshwane and consultants Bigen
Africa, for the rehabilitation of sewers
in Mamelodi. The SASTT Award
of Excellence in 2007, along with
Johannesburg Water and Consultants
Vela VKE for the rehabilitation of sewers
pipes in Klipspruit Basin.
Exceptional Force … Reliable Results.
For 40 years, customers worldwide have
come to know American Augers as a
dedicated manufacturer of underground
technology equipment, which includes
state-of-the-art horizontal directional
drills, earth boring machines, mud pump
and cleaning systems, oil and gas drill
rigs, and various product tooling or
accessory items. Each of the product
categories produce equipment that
maintains rugged, unsurpassed power,
and industry leading designs.
istt news
April 2010 - Trenchless International
18
AA Company island Ad TI.indd 1
12/14/09 4:57 PM
19

Outstanding support
for No-Dig 2010
istt news
April 2010 - Trenchless International
20
The international Trenchless Technology community
is lining up in force to support the ISTT’s 28th Annual
International No-Dig Conference and Exhibition, to be
held in Singapore 8–10 November 2010.
The Right Tool
Manhole
Renewal
Tool Box
Permacast® Liners
Cor+Gard® Coatings
Permaform ®
Con MIC Shield®
Calcium Aluminate Cements
Water Plug & Patch
COR+ROC Structual Polymer
I & I Barrier®
Top Seal TM CIPPChimney Liners
Spray Equipment
Applicators
Worldwide in
Denmark,
Ireland, UK,
Singapore,
Israel,
Norway,
Sweden
and USA.
For Every Problem!
AP/M PERMAFORM ®
Fax: +515.276.1274 • www.permaform.net
Headline sponsorship packages have been taken up
by Vermeer and Pure International and key manufacturers from
around the globe have already booked some 80 per cent of the
available exhibition space. In addition to National Pavilions from
Germany and Singapore, China is participating with a significant
presence alongside individual representation from UK, North
America, Denmark, Italy, Australia, Japan, UAE and Malaysia.
The Conference call for papers has drawn more than 50 offers
from potential presenters and Professor Sam Ariaratnam, Vice-
Chairman of ISTT and head of the Program Committee said
“We are delighted with the range of presentations that have
been offered for the Singapore conference. This is the first time
that ISTT has presented a conference in this location and I am
confident that the program will have a wide appeal, not only
to delegates from the Asia Pacific region, but also from ISTT
affiliated members around the world – many of whom are already
anticipating group delegations.”
The closing date for papers is 15 March and the full Conference
program is scheduled for publication in July.
International No-Dig 2010 is organised by ISTT, who have
engaged the official support of several influential organisations,
including Singapore’s National Water Agency, PUB. They are
also joined by the Institution of Engineers Singapore, Institution of
Civil Engineers, Tunnelling & Underground Construction Society
(Singapore) and the Malaysian Water Association.
Singapore is a regional centre of excellence for Trenchless
Technology, established through many major microtunnelling
projects undertaken by PUB. The ongoing sewer rehabilitation
program continues today, as PUB maintains some 3,400 kilometres
of public sewers and the current phase (2009–2014) will see
the refurbishment of more than 1,000 kilometres of this network.
For more information on exhibition space availability,
sponsorship opportunities and the conference, contact
Westrade Group Ltd Tel: +44 (0) 845 0948066
Email: trenchless@westrade.co.uk Full details of
International No-Dig 2010 are also to be found on the
show website www.nodigsingapore.com
The fastest way to bore through hard rock
is with a Robbins SBU-A. Extreme conditions?
The machine can bore up to 150 MPa UCS.
Mixed ground? Just change the cutterhead.
Talk with Robbins about leasing or buying the
most cost-effective solution for your next project.
Crack hard rock with confidence.
therobbinscompany.com
sbusales@robbinstbm.com
+1 440.248.3303

Underground in
North America
North America is home to a diverse underground infrastructure industry. Here
Trenchless International looks at innovative and record breaking projects, using
a range of trenchless techniques, as well as providing an overview of NASTT’s
No-Dig 2010.
In 2010 NASTT turns 20 – congratulations! The Society’s No-Dig Conference and Exhibition,
taking place in Chicago 2–7 May, will celebrate the achievements of the Society and the industry
in North America. The event also serves the aims of the NASTT to promote the industry through
events such as the Educational Fund Auction and the provision of scholarships and awards.
Turn to page 26-29 to find out more about the event.
Also in this North American feature;
• Auger boring records in Kentucky, Ohio and Oregon
• Optically guided, downhole hammers used to expand a substation in rural New York State
• HDD crossings in New Orleans in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
• The diversion of wastewater flows in South Carolina with HDD, using Fusible PVC pipe
• An engineer’s perspective on the Peace River Intersect Project in Alberta Canada.
For all the latest news, projects and technical article visit www.trenchlessinternational.com
north america
April 2010 - Trenchless International
23

Under Chicago
Chicago, the Windy City, is situated on the south western shores of Lake Michigan and is the
capital of Illinois. The city, founded in 1833, has depended on the lake for water and sanitation.
Here Trenchless International provides an overview of the development of the city’s water and
wastewater networks, as well as looking at current projects.
Water works
North america
April 2010 - Trenchless International
Bordering on Illinois, Indiana,
Michigan, and Wisconsin, Lake Michigan
is the only Great Lake to be located
entirely within the United States. It is the
second largest Great Lake by volume,
with a capacity of 1,180 cubic miles of
water, and the third largest by area.
The City of Chicago utilises Lake
Michigan as its source of drinking water.
Water is treated via two plants – the
Jardine Water Purification Plant serves the
northern areas of the City and suburbs,
while the South Water Purification Plant
serves the southern areas of the City and
suburbs.
Water is distributed throughout Chicago
via century-old pipes that require ongoing
maintenance. The City of Chicago commonly
uses trenchless techniques such
as sliplining and CIPP, together with CCTV
inspection and condition assessment to
inspect and maintain the system. In addition,
the City has implemented the Tunnel
and Reservoir Plan (TARP), also known
as the Chicago Deep Tunnel, which aims
to reduce flooding of the city and prevent
raw sewerage from entering Lake
Michigan by diverting the flow to holding
reservoirs.
In the pipeline –
a short sewer history
The Chicago Sewers Collection has collated
a history of the development of the
wastewater network.
From the establishment of Fort Dearborn
in 1803 along the Chicago River to the
present day, water and sanitation have
always been crucial to Chicago. Chicago’s
low-lying location combined with the livestock
and waste of the settlers resulted
in a serious waste disposal problem. The
Collection states that by 1845, Chicago
was facing an environmental crisis and
then experienced two cholera epidemics.
In 1855, the Chicago City Council
employed Boston engineer Ellis S
Chesbrough to design the first comprehensive
system of underground sewers in
the United States. The Board of Sewerage
Commissioners adopted Mr Chesbrough’s
plan to drain sewage into the Chicago
River, in order to limit the cost and extent
of the proposed sewer system. The level
of Chicago’s streets was raised from six
to ten feet to accommodate sewer pipes,
gas and water mains. Owners lifted buildings
to meet the new street level; in some
cases whole blocks were raised at a time.
By 1930 Chicago’s sewer system
was the most extensive in the world.
Today the Chicago Department of Water
Management continues to employ new
technologies in inspection, materials and
maintenance.
Planning for future
Despite the reversal of the Chicago
River and the construction of the largest
water treatment plant in the world, polluted
combined sewer overflows (CSOs)
persisted in Chicago throughout the first
half of the 20th century.
In 1972, in order to improve the Chicago
Area Waterway System (CAWS), the TARP
was adopted by the Metropolitan Water
Reclamation District of Greater Chicago
(MWRD).
MWRD explained that construction of
Phase 1, primarily for pollution control,
began in 1975 and was completed in
2006. The total length is 176 kilometres
(109.4 miles) of deep, large diameter,
rock tunnels providing 2.3 billion gallons
of volume to capture CSOs. The tunnels
were bored using tunnel boring machines
(TBMs), with pipe diameters ranging from
9–33 feet. MWRD says that the TARP tunnelling
work led to major improvements to
the TBMs, and pushed them beyond their
then-proven capabilities. For example the
Mainstream tunnel was mined three times
faster than the 0.6 metres per
hour that had been estimated
in 1975.
Mining records were set on many of the
TARP contracts. On the last tunnel leg
completed on the Calumet system (Little
Calumet), the TBM crew broke several
world records for a machine of its size.
In addition to contributing to an increase
the speed of mining, the TARP project
has led to improvements in accuracy. The
TBM used on the Little Calumet leg used
a laser target system to permit continuous
steering control and monitoring of line
and grade – a huge improvement from
the machines used on the first tunnels of
the TARP, which had to be adjusted at the
end of each push. Phase 2 of the TARP
is in construction and is expected to be
completed by 2019.
In late 2009, Governor of Illinois Pat
Quinn and Illinois Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) Director Doug Scott
announced grants and loans for environmental
projects to improve wastewater
quality in Illinois, using funds from the
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
of 2009 (ARRA). The recovery program
was authorised in 2009 by the United
States Congress and President Barack
Obama. Illinois EPA receives approximately
$US180 million for wastewater
projects and $US80 million for drinking
water projects through ARRA.
The same year the Department of Water
Management completed a city-wide computer
model of its large auxiliary sewers
(42 inches in diameter and larger) and
CSOs. This dynamic flow model represents
the best available information on the
hydrologic and hydraulic characteristics
of the sewer system. The model will be
used as a planning tool to regulate development
and investigate the need for future
sewer projects.
Chicago’s main sewers convey flow
to interceptor sewers. These interceptor
sewers are owned and operated by the
MWRD. The interceptor sewers convey
dry weather flow to MWRD’s treatment
plants for treatment and release to local
waterways. During storm events, flows in
excess of the capacity of the interceptor
sewers discharge into the MWRD’s TARP
system for storage.
Dr A S Paintal, a sewer engineer with
MWRD spoke with Trenchless International
about maintaining Chicago’s sewer
network. MWRD is responsible for approximately
550 miles of the sewer network.
Pipe diameters range from approximately
18 inches up to 24 feet, with the majority
between 5 and 7 feet in diameter. Dr
Paintal explains that, as the sewer network
was built in the early part of the 20 th century,
the engineering department needs
to use trenchless techniques such as slip
lining and CIPP to maintain the network.
Mayor of Chicago Richard Daley says
“We are proud of our efforts to renew
Chicago’s infrastructure with the installation
of new water and sewer mains.”
1803: Establishment of Fort Dearborn,
water is taken from the Chicago River
and private wells.
1834: By the order of village trustees a
village well is dug – the first attempt at a
public water supply.
1836: The Illinois State Legislature
grants a 70 year charter for incorporating
Chicago Hydraulic Company, a
private enterprise, to supply water to the
City of Chicago.
1842: Construction is completed on
Chicago's first water works. The water
mains are made of cedar and the water
intake is located about 150 feet into
Lake Michigan.
1851: The Illinois State Legislature
grants the City a charter to build and
operate its own water works system.
1854: The water system, consisting of 8
3/4 miles of cast iron pipe and one iron
reservoir, is put into operation. The new
intake is made of timber and extends
600 feet into Lake Michigan.
1863: The Chesbrough plan is adopted
to construct intake cribs and deep tunnels
two miles offshore of Lake Michigan
to avoid shoreline pollution.
1867: The “Two-Mile” crib and tunnel
are successfully put into operation.
1871: The Great Chicago Fire.
1889: Annexation gives the City two new
intakes, two new tunnel sections are dug
to serve the northern and southern sections
of the City.
1900: The flow of the Chicago River is
reversed so water is carried away from
Lake Michigan.
1901: The Central Park and Springfield
pumping stations are built in conjunction
with recently completed northwest land
and northeast lake tunnel expansion.
1909: The Blue Island tunnel is put into
service; Chicago’s first long, concretelined
tunnel.
1911: The Edward F Dunne intake crib
for Chicago’s southwest side is put into
operation to supply the southwest lake
and land tunnel.
1912: Chlorination of Chicago’s water
begins on the City’s southwest side.
1918: The Wilson Avenue tunnel and
Mayfair pumping station are completed.
1922: Construction begins on the largest
tunnel to date, in the City of Chicago,
to accommodate the Dever intake crib.
1926: Construction begins on the City’s
south side for Chicago's first experimental
water filtration plant.
1947: Chicago becomes one of the
first cities in the nation to utilise modern
state-of-the-art filtration technology
when the South Water Plant opens.
1964: The James W Jardine Water
Purification plant opens. It is the largest
purification plant of its kind in the world.
North america
April 2010 - Trenchless International
24
25

NASTT celebrates
20 years
by Chris Brahler, NASTT Chairman
North america
2010 is a very special year for
NASTT as we are celebrating our
20th anniversary. In 1990, five key
people began to brainstorm on the
possibility of establishing a new
association just for Trenchless
Technology. That organisation
became known as NASTT and those
five people became its founding
members.
Twenty years later, NASTT is a
vibrant, growing organisation of more
than 1,200 members, nine regional
chapters and eleven student chapters
throughout the US, Canada and Mexico.
The 20th anniversary of NASTT is
surely to be celebrated with excitement
at our 2010 No-Dig Show in Chicago
(Schaumburg), 2–7 May. NASTT is planning
an eventful and memorable No-Dig
commemorating this very special occasion
to include the presentation of the
first ever Michael E. Argent Memorial
Scholarships.
Up to five scholarships in the amount of
$US5,000 each will be awarded to deserving
students who are active members of
a NASTT student chapter and fulfil other
eligibility requirements. Michael was one
of our founding members, and it is hoped
that his contributions to our industry will
continue to inspire young trenchless professionals
through this newly established
scholarship program.
The program is funded through monies
raised at NASTT’s Educational Fund
Auction held each year at No-Dig. I personally
encourage you to get involved
in this effort by donating items and/or
services to the auction. By doing so,
you are supporting the future of our
industry in more ways than one.
NASTT is pleased to announce the
new Trent Ralston Award for Young
Trenchless Achievement to recognise
a young professional who has shown
commitment to the trenchless industry
through volunteerism, leadership and
career accomplishments. This annual
award was established in honour of the
late Trent Ralston, who was an early
member of NASTT and an industry icon
and friend to all.
The Michael E. Argent Memorial
Scholarships and the Trent Ralston
Award for Young Trenchless
Achievement are but two of special
events planned to celebrate NASTT’s
20 year history at 2010 No-Dig in
Chicago. Kaleel Rahaim is heading
up an eager team of 20th anniversary
committee members with the
task of chronicling NASTT’s history,
collecting interesting anecdotes and
photographs that tell the story of our
organisation. Anyone who is interested
in working on this committee,
or has facts, photos or materials to
share, please contact Kaleel at
krahaim@interplastic.com
The No-Dig conference theme
of Rebuilding North America’s
Underground Infrastructure using
Trenchless Technology is proving to be
timely and relevant given that throughout
North America there is a renewed
focus of investing in our infrastructure
with the least social costs and impact
to the environment.
Because trenchless is often at the
core of projects designed to be environmentally
responsible, those associated
with the trenchless business will find
themselves leading the way in the utility
construction industry in 2010. Despite
these economic times, projects will
need to be completed one way or
another, keeping the trenchless industry
on firm footing going forward.
NASTT is busy developing and supporting
initiatives that place trenchless
on the forefront of the construction
industry, such as the carbon calculator
which helps engineers and contractors
estimate the reduction of CO 2 emissions
when trenchless is used versus
traditional open-cut methods.
These important issues will be
among those presented and discussed
at 2010 No-Dig in Chicago,
2–7 May. By attending our highquality
technical paper program and
networking in the 50,000 square foot
exhibit hall, you’ll find solutions to
your underground infrastructure needs
using trenchless.
The 9th Annual NASTT Educational
Fund Auction promises to be a fabulous
evening in a worthy cause.
Enjoying the conference atmosphere.
Mark Hallett.
North america
April 2010 - Trenchless International
ISTT Chairman Dec Downey, Ray Sterling and Chris Brahler.
Speakers at the 2009 No-Dig in Toronto.
NASTT Past Chairs.
April 2010 - Trenchless International
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Top 10 reasons to
attend NASTT’s No-Dig
By Mark Hallett, 2010 No-Dig Program Chair
I speak from personal experience about how NASTT’s annual conference has positively
impacted my business, my career and my involvement in NASTT, North America’s
number one organisation devoted exclusively to promoting Trenchless Technology.
In the spirit of David Letterman’s Late Show Top Ten list, here are my top ten reasons
why I believe you should visit the 2010 No-Dig Show in Chicago, 2-7 May.
Networking, networking,
networking: From the opening kickoff
breakfast to the Educational Fund
Auction and the gala awards dinner
to the closing luncheon, you’ll have
plenty of opportunities to interact
with your industry peers.
Cut through the hype: At No-Dig,
the technical paper program is
peer-reviewed by a committee for
non-commercialism, relevance and
high level of quality of information.
Our goal is to ensure that you don’t
have to sit through sales pitches.
The No-Dig conference program has
been expanded to include
140 technical paper presentations
over five concurrent tracks. Every
paid full conference attendee will
receive a CD-ROM with the complete
papers of the conference presented
during the event.
You face a fast-changing market:
New options have emerged for
rebuilding North America’s underground
infrastructure using Trenchless
Technology. There are new products,
new services and new players. No-Dig
creates a unique opportunity for you
to explore our 50,000 square foot
exhibition hall to see, hear and interact
with the trenchless marketplace.
Your time is respected: The
overall No-Dig program is focused
on one objective: helping you
maximise your investment in
Trenchless Technology, services
and applications. Every conference
session, every course and the
exhibition are designed to provide
you with the information you need to
make the best possible decisions for
your company and your career.
Attend one of NASTT’s Good
Practices Courses: Choose to
attend one of NASTT’s five good
practices post-conference courses
on HDD, pipe bursting, laterals, new
installation methods and CIPP lining
and you’ll receive objective, reliable
information that you can use.
Earn valuable Continuing
Education Units (CEUs): Benefit
from the in-depth sessions and
courses offered at No-Dig 2010 in
more ways than one. For every ten
hours you attend, you receive one
continuing education unit to advance
your professional career.
North america
April 2010 - Trenchless International
You'll meet the industry leaders
and market movers: 75 per cent
of No-Dig attendees are buyers or
specifiers of trenchless products
and services.
Celebrate NASTT’s 20-year
history: The 20th anniversary of
NASTT will be celebrated with pomp
and in a fitting manner at No-Dig
in Chicago. NASTT is planning an
eventful and memorable No-Dig
commemorating this very special
occasion to include the presentation
of the first-ever Michael E. Argent
Memorial Scholarships and the Trent
Ralston Award for Young Trenchless
Achievement.
Support NASTT’s Educational
Fund Auction: The annual Auction
is the must-attend event for No-Dig
attendees. All monies raised at the
auction support the activities of the
NASTT student chapters.
I personally encourage you to get
involved in this effort by donating
items and/or services to the Auction.
By doing so, you are literally
supporting the future of our industry
in more ways than one.
Focused on you: No-Dig is the
only North American conference
totally focused on the needs of
key decision-makers in the North
American trenchless industry.
North america
April 2010 - Trenchless International
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North america
April 2010 - Trenchless International
Dissecting the record-breaker
Trenchless industry professionals are consistently pushing the boundaries of achievement in length, timing and
diameter. Here Robbins details the latest record breaking auger boring projects in America and outlines the reason
for the continuing success.
When contractor Gonzales
Boring & Tunneling of Oregon, in the
Pacific Northwest of US, completed a
183 metre long trenchless crossing, they
knew they had a landmark project on their
hands.
“Preparation, a qualified crew, and the
right cutting head matched to the right
auger boring machine made for a successful
crossing,” said Jim Gonzales,
President of Gonzales Boring & Tunneling.
The project represented a new distance
record for auger bores using Robbins
Small Boring Units (SBU-As), a type of
cutterhead utilising disc cutters for hard
rock and mixed ground.
In addition to the Oregon project, two
other record-breaking trenchless projects
have pushed the limits of auger boring
with SBU-As to distances of 107 metres
and 166 metres within their respective
size classes. The long crossings highlight
rapid advancements in technology, particularly
for boring attachments using disc
cutters. However, achieving groundbreaking
status is anything but straightforward
– optimal machine performance from both
the auger boring machine (ABM) and boring
head is most often determined by a
complex mixture of variables.
“The truth is that record-breakers are
determined by several factors,” said Chris
Sivesind, Robbins SBU Sales Manager –
Western US.
“These include improvements in auger
boring machines and disc cutterhead
technology, as well as geology. One of
the most important aspects is often the
contractor’s confidence in equipment and
crew, which eases the heightened level of
risk taken on demanding projects.”
Factors contributing to recordbreaking
projects
Much of the ability for trenchless
projects to excavate longer lengths is due
to significant improvements in ABM technology.
The average 1.5 metre diameter
ABM marketed in the late 1970s operated
with only 2,200 kN of thrust and
160 HP, and was limited to projects less
than 150 metres in length with 1,500 mm
diameter casing in soil. Within the last 40
years, the technology has grown in both
power and diameter range, operating at
up to 300 HP and 8,000 kN of thrust using
2.4 metre steel casing.
Other major ABM improvements in the
last 15 years include larger diameter
hex drives, which allow for the larger hex
augers used on long distance bores at high
horsepower and torque. Improvements in
steering accuracy have allowed installation
of small diameter casings on line and
grade, using a pilot tube boring system
or hydraulic steering system. In addition,
specialised cutting heads have extended
the range of geology that an ABM is capable
of excavating, from soft ground and
rock less than 75 MPa UCS to hard rock
greater than 200 MPa UCS and consolidated
mixed ground.
Advent of cutterheads
using disc cutters
First developed in 1996, the Robbins
SBU is a disc cutterhead used with standard
auger boring machines. The SBU-A,
in diameters from 600 mm to 1.8 metres,
consists of a circular cutterhead mounted
with single disc cutters capable of excavating
rock from 25 to over 175 MPa UCS. In
the launch pit, the machine is welded to
the lead steel casing, while the ABM provides
both torque and forward thrust to the
cutterhead. Openings in the cutterhead
called bore scrapers collect spoil from the
face, where they are transferred to a fullface
auger for removal.
Over the last ten years, SBU cutterhead
technology has improved for specific
ground conditions. Cutterhead configurations
that feature a combination of carbide
bits, two-row tungsten carbide cutters,
and single disc cutters are being used
for a variety of types of mixed ground.
In addition, tool steel for the disc cutters
themselves has resulted in fewer cutter
changes and less downtime, particularly
for the relatively short distances of most
trenchless crossings.
Larger hex augers
Hex augers of 127 mm and larger
allow the auger to withstand the higher
torque loads experienced during long
trenchless bores. A typical 127 mm hex
auger is capable of withstanding up to
163,000 Nm of torque.
Adaptations in auger diameter
On long bores, contractors seeking
the greatest efficiency use hex augers at
least 150 mm smaller in diameter than the
A record 183 metre long crossing in
Oregon, US was completed with a
Robbins Small Boring Unit.
Contractor Gonzales Boring &
Tunneling cited quality field service and
an experienced crew as major factors
in the record-breaking project.
size of the bore. The smaller auger diameter
prevents torque building and sudden
torque unwinding. On long crossings with
higher torque requirements, larger diameter
augers can flex against the side of the
casing, building up torque and unleashing
the force suddenly – a scenario that can
destroy gearboxes and damage valuable
equipment.
Ground conditions
Whatever the ground conditions may
be, consistent ground seems to be a contributing
factor for many record-breaking
projects. All three of the record-breaking
SBU crossings were excavated in uniform
medium to hard rock, with no fractures
and little ground water present.
In addition, ground that is too hard or
too soft can hinder progress. Very soft
rock less than 20 MPa UCS can clog
the cutterhead, requiring slowed rotation
and advance, particularly if groundwater
makes the cutting face sticky. Very hard
rock of 250 MPa UCS or more requires
higher thrust loading on the disc cutters,
and can also slow progress.
Contractor experience
Contractor experience with multiple
successful bores, as well as willingness to
accept risk, is key to completing a recordbreaking
project. Ideally, contractors
should have experience with multiple ABM
and SBU projects at various diameters.
Setting records in Kentucky
and Ohio, US
In Louisville, Kentucky, contractor Turn-
Key Tunneling Inc. landed a distance
record of 107 metres for a 1.4 metre
diameter auger bore. The contractor utilised
a 1.4 metre Robbins SBU-A and
1.5 metre diameter ABM to excavate the
crossing below Interstate Highway 265.
The crossing formed part of the Gene
Snyder Transmission Main, an 8.7 kilometre
long, $US6.4 million water line built
by general contractor MAC Construction.
Turn-key Tunneling launched the SBU-A
on 22 January 2009. The rock, consisting
of limestone up to 138 MPa UCS,
as well as the 2.91 per cent grade,
presented challenges early on. The cutterhead
drifted while boring through several
dirt seams as well as a mud-filled cavern,
which momentarily slowed progress.
“Controlling line and grade was very
labour-intensive at the start of tunneling,
but the head responded better and better
as we progressed, and we made
up for lost time in the end,” said Roger
Lewis, Project Superintendent for Turn-
Key Tunneling, Inc. The machine broke
through on 11 March 2009, just 4.3 mm
off of line and grade and well within its
contractual ±8 cm requirements.
The contractor cited one key factor
that helped to achieve the record, “We
purchased lengths of 127 mm diameter
hex auger for this crossing, which proved
to be absolutely essential. We would not
have been able to complete the crossing
otherwise,” said Mr Lewis.
A similar landmark bore was achieved
in Clermont County, Ohio by contractor
Capitol Tunneling, Inc. in 2009.
The project required a 166 metre long
trenchless crossing below an interstate
highway in shale and limestone ranging
from 8,000 to 19,000 psi. Crews
excavated the crossing using a 900 mm
diameter SBU-A and 1.5 metre diameter
ABM. The shale was embedded with
layers of limestone throughout the bore,
making control of line and grade difficult
as the SBU tended to drift up and to the
right. Crews pulled the SBU periodically
to adjust the grade, and were able to
hole through just 75 mm off, well within
specified tolerances. The crossing was
completed in two months at rates of
12 metres per day, and required the
change of only one disc cutter.
The case for ground-breaking:
record in Oregon
The 183 metre long record crossing
in Tigard, Oregon, USA, had all the right
variables for success. Gonzales Boring
& Tunneling needed a solution to bore
a total of three gravity sewer crossings
70 metres, 183 metres, and 98 metres in
length through rock and mixed ground.
The crossings formed part of the Locust
Street Sanitary Improvements Project,
No. 6335. Approximately 1.8 kilometres
of gravity sewer were installed by general
contractor Northwest Earthmovers, Inc.,
but several areas below houses, neighbourhood
streets, a small creek, and a
service facility, needed to be excavated
with trenchless methods. Once complete
the pipeline, for owner Clean Water
Services, will increase capacity in the
area and stop overflows currently plaguing
the system.
The three crossings were initially
designed as a pilot tube microtunnelling
project using vitrified clay pipe. However,
meetings between Gonzales, other local
contractors, and the project owner eventually
resulted in the contract being opened
up to other trenchless methods, including
auger boring. “The owner has saved over
one million dollars on the trenchless section
alone over their original cost estimates
for pilot tube microtunnelling. Because the
owner listened to the construction community,
they saved both time and money,
and kept the dollars local,” said Gonzales.
After completing the initial 70 metre
crossing in clay and basalt, the SBU-A
was launched for its second 183 metre
bore on 28 October 2009. The disc cutterhead
was used with a 1.8 metre ABM
and 1 metre diameter steel casing. Rock
conditions on the second crossing consisted
of basalt at various rock strengths
from 48 to 120 MPa UCS. Crews monitored
line and grade, and were able to
maintain advance at about 12 metre per
ten hour shift.
A contractor-designed steering system
guided the SBU-A to within one hundredth
of an inch design grade. Despite the
mixed ground conditions, no disc cutters
required changing after 250 total metres
of boring.
Ultimately, quality support and contractor
willingness to attempt long crossings
may be the highest predictor of success
on the project. Gonzales and the other
contractors each had over 25 years of
experience in auger boring, and felt that
field service was invaluable. “The technology
worked very well for both crossings.
The field service support we received was
unmatched, and we hope to receive similar
support for future jobs in hard rock,”
said Gonzales.
President of Turn-Key Tunneling Inc.
Deborah Tingler also expressed support
for the technology “We are confident that,
although we have approached the limits of
the Small Boring Unit, longer lengths are
possible with the right rock and project
specifications.”
North america
April 2010 - Trenchless International
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31

Powering New York State
by Nick H. Strater, Brian C. Dorwart, Brierley Associates, LLC and Lane Puls, Burns and McDonnell
The recent expansion of an electric substation in rural New York State required
trenchless installation of a 345 kilovolt duct bank through an existing rock slope,
below live overhead wires – an optically guided, downhole hammer was selected to
complete the job.
North america
April 2010 - Trenchless International
Representatives of Burns &
McDonnell, Brierly Associates LLC, and
Construction Drilling Inc. collaborated in
the development of a plan to drill large
diameter holes through the rock slope
using the optically guided downhole
hammers.
The existing substation rests within a
topographic “bowl”, and sits near the toe
of a 35 foot high, vertical rock slope. With
the close proximity of live electric facilities
at the crest and toe of the slope, conventional
rock excavation by blasting was not
feasible, and a rock breaker would have
been too expensive due to rock strength
and work area restrictions. Therefore, it
was determined that trenchless installation
of the cables would be required to
minimise impact to the slope and adjacent
substation facilities.
A powerful solution
Trenchless design and construction
planning was restricted by the presence of
overhead, high voltage power lines at the
crest and toe of the slope, and the requirement
that the trenchless method could
not use drilling fluid. This constraint was
imposed by the substation owner, due to
concerns about the impacts of inadvertent
drill fluid returns on the adjacent electrical
equipment. Although horizontal directional
drilling (HDD) was initially considered as a
possible means of completing the installation,
it was eventually ruled out due to site
access limitations, the need to use drill
fluid, and relative cost.
Based on these design constraints and
the subsurface conditions, the design
team recommended that the duct bank
installation be completed in holes drilled
with an optically guided downhole
hammer, using methods perfected by
Construction Drilling, Inc. (CDI), of western
Massachusetts.
Developing downhole hammers
CDI has developed a means tracking
downhole hammers during drilling.
The guidance system consists of a target-mounted
drill bit, theodolite, and
monitor, which provides the operator with
continuous, real-time information about
the deviation of the desired drilling profile.
Specially designed drill bits and drilling
techniques permit steering. Prior to this
project, CDI had used this technology to
enable precision rock anchor installations
in and around sensitive structures, including
dams and bridge abutments.
For this installation, the optimum trenchless
layout was to install ducts in three
holes; two at 28 inch diameter (electric
ducts), and one at 18 inch diameter
(grounding and communications ducts).
This layout resulted in cost savings, as
the tooling for holes larger than 28 inch
diameter becomes significantly more
expensive. Each of the holes was approximately
60 feet long, located 10 feet apart
(centre-to-centre), and inclined 30 degrees
downward from horizontal. The holes were
each drilled from the top of the rock slope
downward into the substation.
Ultimately, the staging and performance
of the trenchless work for this project were
governed by the overhead electric cables,
which remained energised throughout
construction. The situation was complicated
by the tendency of these cables
to expand and sag downward during
periods of heavy energy loads. To ensure
worker safety, a phased work plan was
developed dictating maximum equipment
height during construction. To meet the
height restrictions, the surface grade in
the vicinity of the drill entry was lowered
by about 7 feet prior to mobilisation of
the drill rig. This was done using small,
low-profile equipment, including Bobcatmounted
hoe rams and excavators.
Using an (Egtechnology) EGT MD 3000
multi-purpose anchor drill, CDI elected
to use a multiple-pass approach for the
drilling. This involved completing a pilot
hole with an eight inch diameter hammer
bit, followed by an 18 inch, and then a
28 inch hammer. The rods required for
this type of drilling need to be very stiff to
accommodate the shallow alignment, and
to withstand the stress needed to withstand
the impact force imposed by the
hammers. In this case, the rods ranged
from 12 to 18 inches in diameter, and were
equipped with a hexagonal quick-release
joint.
The 18 and 28 inch hammers were
equipped with a leading edge extension,
or “stinger”, designed to follow
the pilot hole. The 28 inch hammer was
designed specifically for this project, and
was forged from a single block of steel.
Like most downhole hammers, the tools
employed by CDI are driven by air, with
a velocity of about 3,000 feet per second.
The air exits the hammer face, where it
then serves to remove the cuttings from
the hole. In an effort to protect the adjacent
electric facilities, all cuttings and
dust generated during drilling were captured
in a stuffing box and diverted to an
adjacent containment device, before the
air was discharged into the atmosphere.
The vibrations generated by this equipment
were minimal, well below the site
threshold of 0.5 inches per second, and
the noise generated the hammers was likened
to that an large excavator-mounted
impact hammer (ie, a hoe ram).
During drilling, the passage of the 8 inch
pilot and 18 inch hammer were completed
without issue; each appearing at the toe of
the slope within 6 inches of the surveyed
High Tech in Trenchless Technology
35 years of Swiss Engineering
Underground Piercing (Moles)
from Ø 45-190 mm (1.75“-7.5“)
exit point. It was noted during drilling,
however, that there was a “soft” zone in
the rock, approximately 30 feet from the
drill entry location. The soft zone was
interpreted to represent a zone of highly
weathered rock, parallel the high-angle
foliation observed in the rock mass. To
maintain the line and grade across this
zone, the heavier, 28 inch hammer was
equipped with an 8 foot long, 27 inch
diameter steel “barrel” shroud intended to
help bridge the soft zones in the rock, and
keep the bit from dropping during drilling.
Drilling with the shroud proved effective,
although the decreased annulus diminished
the efficiency of cuttings removal,
which in turn caused occasional jamming
of the tools. Although drilling with the
shroud was somewhat more time consuming,
the 28 inch hammer ultimately exited
the toe of the rock slope with six inches of
the design alignment for each hole, which
was well within the limits required for successful
duct installation.
Following completion of the holes, and
duct bundles were assembled using
mechanically-coupled PVC, that minimised
the need for bundle lay-down room.
Following installation of the duct dandles,
a concrete bulkhead was cast at the bottom
of each hole, and the annulus around
the installed duct was tremie-grouted with
a thermal grout.
HDD Machines for directional bores
up to 400 m (1‘300 ft) and Ø 1’000 mm (40”)
TERRA AG, Hauptstrasse 92, 6260 Reiden, Switzerland
phone: +41-62-749 10 10 fax: +41-62-749 10 11 e-mail: terra.ch@bluewin.ch www.terra-eu.eu
Cable Bursters with pulling forces
up to 40 tons (88‘000 lbs)
North america
April 2010 - Trenchless International
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A 20-inch steel pipe is elevated by cranes for pullback and the transition of product pipe back into the
opened hole. Because the pipe string-out and pullback was in a marshy area, a trench was excavated, which
caused ground water to fill in and provide a pullback floatation system in lieu of a typical pipe roller system.
A crane is floated on a barge as
bundled pipeline (12 inch/4 inch) is
floated across a main canal during
pipe pullback operations. The pipe is
supported by the crane and styrofoam
floats as it is being smoothly pulled
back through the earthen hole.
North america
April 2010 - Trenchless International
After the hurricane –
rebuilding New Orleans
In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, more stringent requirements resulted in the innovative use of Trenchless
Technology for the installation of underground infrastructure. Here we learn about a successful project involving
two crossings near levees.
Think of levees and you think of the
catastrophic consequences of their failure
when Hurricane Katrina came ashore
and rocked New Orleans in August 2005.
Over four years have passed since more
than 80 per cent of metro New Orleans
was left underwater when 53 of the levees
protecting the city failed. But while the city
has long since picked up the pieces and
returned to its vibrant self, the message
from the disaster has remained clear:
bolstering and preserving the surrounding
levee system is of the highest priority.
The images captured in the aftermath
of Hurricane Katrina resonate with people
around the world. For the underground
construction industry, those disastrous
results left a lasting impression, forever
changing the methods and procedures
associated with crossing a levee.
Michels Directional Crossings, a division
of Brownsville, Wisconsin-based
Michels Corporation, recently dealt with
this firsthand after being awarded a
contract by Chevron for work near New
Orleans that began in September 2009.
Michels signed on to complete two
separate crossings within two miles of
each other, both running beneath the
Mississippi River and the extremely
important protective levee system. The
first crossing was the 20-inch Fourchon
Pipeline, which consisted of 5,087 feet
of steel pipe running through silts, sands
and clay. The second crossing, the
4,708 foot Buras Bundle, ran through the
same soil conditions and consisted of one
12 inch and one 4 inch steel pipe.
Engineering challenges
In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina,
the US Army Corps of Engineers
(USACE) adopted more stringent requirements
for construction around levees in
hopes of better preserving their protective
qualities.
For Michels and Chevron, this meant
meeting the USACE-established “Guidelines
for Installing Pipeline by Nearsurface
Directional Drilling under Levees,” which
required that: “…the entry or exit points,
when located land-side of a levee, should
be set back sufficiently from the land
side toe of the levee such that (a) the
pipeline reaches its horizontal level (max
depth), and/or (b) the pipeline contacts
the substratum sands or some other significant
horizon, at least 300-feet land side
of the levee toe.”
To discuss the plans to meet these
requirements, Chevron requested that
Michels meet directly with the USACE in
New Orleans several months prior to the
project start date.
Acting as a third-party engineer for
Chevron, Geo-Engineers provided Annular
Pressure Curve data based on representative
soils and proposed drill geometry,
which are just a few variables used for
estimating hydraulic fracture potential.
With this data, Geo-Engineers recommended
that downhole mud pressure be
limited to 92.7 psi in order to provide the
required 1.5 safety factor against fracture
within 300 feet on either side of the levee
toe (critical monitoring zone).
Armed with this information, Michels
developed and presented a comprehensive
drill plan that reflected many
innovative mitigative measures to reduce
annular pressure. While this consisted of
many specialised tactics, one particular
method involved performing a pilot hole
intersect just beyond the 700 foot long
critical levee monitoring zone to reduce
downhole pressures. Annular Pressure
Monitoring was also conducted through
this zone during both pilot hole drilling
and reaming operations, and the depth
of cover beneath the levee was also
maximised to minimise fracture potential.
The established target intersect zone was
1,800 to 2,200 feet from the levee side
entry point.
Construction challenges
Serving as project manager for Chevron,
Ralph Radomski oversaw the drilling,
pipe stringing and marine operations
conducted by the team of contractors.
To support Michels’ drilling operations,
Chevron hired a local contractor, Sunland,
who are familiar with directional drilling
procedures and have extensive experience
in local marine construction.
Sunland performed pipe string-out and
welding operations for both crossings,
and also provided marine support for the
HDD operations. This included barging
Michels’ resources to the exit sides and
excavating a temporary false ditch for
floating the pipe through a marsh area
before finding suitable water to float the
remaining section.
The first section of product pipe was
floated into the false ditch up to the main
canal, and the remaining pipe string was
staged in a tributary on the other side of
the canal, readied for attachment to the
first string. Both pipe strings were sunk to
the bottom and tied off for protection of the
coating. Once pullback operations were
initiated, the main canal was blocked off
and the two pieces were dewatered and
welded into one string. They were then
floated on top of the water for the duration
of pullback.
With the pieces in place and Tom
Breunig and Ray Viator overseeing the
project as managers for Michels, Michels
Project Manager Louis Barber and drillers
Paul Krings, Jeff Nehmer and Cale
Mullenix went to work.
The 20 inch crossing was conducted
first, with the pilot hole started in late
September. During vital drilling operations,
the flood stage for the Mississippi
River reached critical levels above eleven
feet, which was the established flood
level at the location. Because of this, the
USACE criteria required Michels to shut
down all drilling operations underneath
the levee on 21 October. Hurricane Ida
added more water to the mess when it
bullied its way ashore on 10 November,
and drilling operations were unable to
continue until 23 November.
The brackish water carried from the
Gulf of Mexico flooded the drill site equipment
and washed out the access roads.
To make matters worse, the floodwaters
also brought in an abundance of dangerous
reptiles, including snakes. Prior to
re-mobilisation of the entire crew, it took
a full week for mechanics to change out
oil, fuel, filters and electric motors for all
engines onsite, and for repairs to be made
to the access roads.
Once the repairs and maintenance were
complete, however, work on the crossing
went off without a hitch. The crossing was
designed to be 190 feet deep at the levee
and 68 feet deep at the lowest point of the
Mississippi River, and it was executed to
perfection by the two drill rigs performing
the pilot hole intersect. The crossing,
which Michels monitored for annular pressure
throughout pilot hole drilling and
reaming operations, was completed by
mid-December.
With that difficult stretch out of the
way, Michels began drilling for the
12 inch and 4 inch bundled crossing
in the first week of January. With the
co-operation of the weather this time
around, drilling and reaming operations
endured only minor difficulties
in maintaining the targeted pressure
beneath the levee. This was mitigated
by adding casing and thinning out
drill fluids at various stages of the
operation.
Once pressure was reduced to
acceptable levels, Michels was able
to successfully complete the drilling
and reaming operations for the bundle,
which was 180 feet deep at the levee
and 60 feet deep at the lowest point of
the Mississippi River. However, during
pipe pullback, it was discovered that
a portion of the 4 inch pipe was bent
and in need of repairs. Pullback operations
were temporarily delayed while
the repair was made. Once repairs
were made and X-ray, testing and coating
was conducted, pullback on the
crossing was complete by the end of
January.
Summary
With the devastation wrought by
Hurricane Katrina still fresh in many
minds, any work on any levee near New
Orleans is a sensitive endeavour with
a lot of eyes watching. But thanks to
close monitoring and the implementation
of specialised pressure reducing
methods, Michels was able to successfully
install both crossings within the
parameters set forth by the USACE and
protect the levee – and therefore the
city that has been billed as “The Big
Easy” – from any adverse impacts.
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April 2010 - Trenchless International
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Record breaking crossing
in South Carolina
The completion of another record breaking pipe installation in the US, this
time at Parris Island, a marine training base in Beaufort, South Carolina,
marks a series of successful and lengthy crossings of Fusible PVC pipe.
Peace River HDD pull.
North america
April 2010 - Trenchless International
Beaufort Jasper Water & Sewer
Authority (BJWSA) contracted Mears
Group, Inc. to horizontally directional
drill two crossings, 6,400 feet of 16 inch
DR 18 FPVC and 600 feet of 16 inch
DR 21 FPVC under Archers Creek and
Malecon Drive, respectively. Underground
Solutions, Inc. (UGSI) supplied and
fused the PVC (FPVC®) product pipe for
this project.
These installations are part of a project
to divert the Parris Island wastewater
flows to a BJWSA regional facility. The
military base, Marine Corps Recruit
Depot, trains about 17,000 recruits each
year. BJWSA had previous experience
with both Mears Group and UGSI during
installation of 5,120 feet of 10 inch FPVC
in 2008 to deliver reuse water to the
Secession Golf Course on Lady’s Island.
For two years, that stood as the record
breaking crossing in a single pull using
thermoplastic pipe.
The first crossing of this most current
project is the longest installation of PVC,
with a drilled length of 6,400 feet. Installing
the crossing from Jericho Island to Little
Horse Island, the Mears’ crew drilled under
tidal marshland on either side of Archers
Creek. Mears utilised their 500,000 pound
rig on the entry side at Jericho Island.
They set up their 140,000 pound rig
at the exit side of the crossing at Little
Horse Island to assist in the pre-reaming
operations. Mears used a jet sub with a 9
7/8 inch bit during the pilot hole drilling.
Drilling through clays, cemented sands,
shells and gravel took careful steering.
During pre-reaming, Mears opened the
hole in three stages starting off with an
18 inch hole opener, then 26 inches, and
finally 34 inches. Before attempting to
install the pipeline in the drilled crossing a
barrel reamer was used to swab the hole.
Because of the space restrictions and
a requirement to keep traffic flowing on a
busy road on the military base until the last
minute, two prefabricated pipeline strings
had to be fused together the day before
the pullback.
Down hole pressures and pull force
were monitored carefully throughout the
20 hour installation period. For this project
with known conditions and confidence
in the experience of the HDD contractor,
UGSI allowed a maximum pulling load of
175,000 pounds on the pipe – in practice
the maximum tensile load applied at the
drilling rig was only 83,000 pounds.
The second crossing was across
Mears’ 500,000 pound rig on the entry
side of the project.
Malecon Drive, which is the main road on
Parris Island. During the 600 feet crossing,
soft sands were encountered during drilling.
Mears, using its 140,000 pound rig,
pulled the FPVC pipe into place within two
hours. The two drilled crossings are being
connected in a conventional manner with
restrained MJ fittings.
Horizontal directional drilling with FPVC
has become an economical approach
for installing pipelines. PVC has a high
strength to weight ratio, limited stretch
under long duration loading, and corrosion
resistance. Mears and UGSI have
partnered together on many projects and
successfully set record breaking crossings.
The installation on Parris Island
marks yet another record in length.
Aerial view of the FPVC pipe strung along
military housing.
Peace River HDD intersect project
by Dale Larison P.Eng, Engineering Co-ordinator, Engineering Technology Inc.
TransCanada Pipelines’ North Central Corridor Project presented an exciting opportunity to
push the boundaries of horizontal directional drilling in Canada. Near the town of Manning in
northwestern Alberta a 42 inch natural gas pipeline had to cross the Peace River.
The Peace River horizontal directional
drilling (HDD) called for a 1,110 metre
horizontal directional drill opened to a
final ream diameter of 54 inches to allow
for the installation of the 42 inch pipeline
pullback section. The principal challenges
faced by the crossing project were a limited
construction season due to the need
for frozen access roads and deep surface
gravels at the crossing location.
The general contractor was Louisburg
Pipeline while Engineering Technology
Inc. (Entec) provided engineering services
and Direct Horizontal Drilling was the
HDD contractor on the crossing.
Engineering design and
geotechnical investigation
During the design phase of the project,
existing geophysical and geotechnical
Under the Peace River
Justin Hedemann from HDD contractor Direct Horizontal Drilling spoke to Trenchless
International about the North Central Corridor (NCC) for the Trans Canada Pipeline.
There were three large drills on the NCC pipeline.
1. Peace River Intersect – 1,107 metres
2. Little Cadotte – 701 metres
3. Loon River – 635 metres
Peace River and Cadotte were completed in 2008–09 and Loon river in 2010.
Mr Hedemann said that one of the biggest challenges was gravelly ground condition.
This necessitated the installation of large casing barrel sizes, which ranged as
high as 84 inches in diameter, before the pilot bore could be drilled. Direct Horizontal
used the telescoping method to case through the gravel layer.
“Also the Peace River is over 600 metres wide, which did not allow for surface
navigation ‘Paratrack II’ over that span. Instead the earth’s magnetics were used.”
Direct Horizontal used their 1.1 million pound American Augers rig and a 160,000
pound American Augers rig to complete the pilot bore. The pullback required only
200,000 lbs of force, considering that the product line weighed approximately 1
million lbs the ease of the pull is accredited to the clean hole and Direct’s in house
buoyancy design and execution team.
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gas
April 2010 - Trenchless International
information was examined that showed
surface gravels to a depth of approximately
12–15 metres. The gravels were
deposited above claystone, shale and
sandstone bedrock, which was expected
to provide a good path for the HDD. This
information had been gathered for a previous
project which was over 100 metres
away from the chosen crossing route.
Additional geotechnical boreholes were
Entec Trenchless Engineering is:
HDD cranes on Peace River.
then planned to confirm these results
while preliminary designs were prepared.
Due to the presence of gravels on
both the entry and exit side, a pilot hole
intersect was proposed to allow the installation
of surface casing on both sides of
the crossing. Given the consistency of
the bedrock materials, determination of
the intersect location was left up to the
drilling contractor. Since an intersect was
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required to complete the crossing, drilling
contractors with successful pilot hole drilling
intersect experience were selected as
potential bidders for the project.
The preliminary design called for entry
and exit angles of twelve degrees to balance
the need for keeping the exit side
casing as short as possible with the need
to reduce the pipe lifting requirements for
pullback. Due to the diameter of the pipeline
a minimum 60 inch diameter surface
casing was required. The large diameter,
when combined with the length of the casing,
required planning to install the casing
in two telescoped stages. Ultimately a
final diameter of 76 inch casing being
placed through a shorter length of 84 inch
diameter casing was selected to allow
the casing to reach a target length of
78 metres. The target depth was selected
to allow the casing to seat into bedrock
at a vertical depth of 12–15 metres with
some extra length for contingency. A
final diameter of 76 inches was proposed
to allow a smaller casing to be used as
contingency against failure to reach the
target depth.
Due to the long lead time for large diameter
casing pipe, the materials had to be
ordered prior to the completion of the new
geotechnical boreholes. Unfortunately
results from the geotechnical boreholes
drilled at the actual crossing location
showed gravel to a depth of 19 metres.
Due to this change in design constraints
the exit angle of the crossing needed to
be increased to 15 degrees to allow the
use of the previously ordered materials at
the expense of greater pipe lifting requirements
for pullback. Given the new exit
angle of 15 degrees and a target depth
of 19 metres the exit side surface casing
needed to isolate 76 linear metres of
the drill path from unconsolidated sand,
gravel and cobbles.
The entry side gravel thicknesses were
confirmed by the new geotech and the
entry casing was left at its original angle
of 12 degrees and proposed length of
53 metres.
Entec was concerned that the large
buoyant forces exerted by the 42 inch
pipeline during pullback could damage
the pipe coating as it passed through
the long steel exit and entry casings.
To address this concern, a buoyancy
control plan was designed to ensure the
pipeline passed through the casings and
the borehole with near neutral buoyancy,
minimising the risk of coating damage.
Also of concern was the possibility that
the pipeline coating could be damaged
by a misalignment between the pipeline
pull section and the exit casing during
pullback. A misalignment could result in
binding between the pipeline and casing.
For this reason a detailed lifting plan
was prepared to ensure the position and
heights of the lifting equipment allowed
the pipeline to precisely match the exit
angle without placing excessive stresses
on the pipeline during installation.
The final design consideration was
the possibility that the surface casing
might not be extracted or could damage
the pipeline during extraction and could
accelerate corrosion of the pipeline. To
mitigate against this risk, casing insulators
were to be installed in the event the casing
could not be removed after pipe pullback.
Surface casing and pilot hole
construction
Entry side surface casing was installed
in November 2008 and reached refusal
at 24 metres in length or 5 metres vertical
depth. This was well in advance of
the 53 metres of casing expected to
be installed according to the geotechnical
investigation that found bedrock
at 9 metres vertical depth. Subsequent
excavation to confirm the bedrock depth
revealed the bedrock to be at five metres
below ground surface and the casing was
re-seated into bedrock.
Exit side surface casing installation
began once frozen conditions were
present in early December. Installation
began with the excavation of a launch
pit and hammering of the 84 inch surface
casing. The 84 inch casing reached
refusal at 41 metres. The 84 inch casing
was then augered clean and the 76
inch casing installation was started. The
76 inch surface casing reached refusal
at a final depth of 74 metres but was not
yet seated into the bedrock needed for
the HDD drilling and reaming operations.
Successful contingency planning allowed
the installation of 60 inch diameter casing
that was installed to a final length of
88 metres and firmly sealed into bedrock
at 22 vertical metres.
While the final metres of exit side
casing were being installed the pilot
hole was started on the entry side of
the crossing using Direct Horizontal’s
American Augers DD1100 drilling rig
which reached a final drilled depth of
980 metres where it waited for the exit
side pilot hole to begin.
The casing installation faced several
challenges including long welding times,
slow penetration rates and extreme cold,
but the exit side HDD rig finally started
drilling the remaining 130 metres of the
pilot hole in early February. The pilot
hole intersect was successfully completed
on 14 February 2009. A slight
correction to the steering in the pilot hole
was successfully performed prior to the
start of reaming.
The reaming operations preceded
smoothly using two drilling rigs in tandem
to complete the 30 inch, 42 inch and
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gas
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North Central Corridor
The North Central Corridor project is 300 kilometres of NPS 42 inch pipeline split
into two construction sections or seasons. This pipeline is integral to TransCanada
Pipelines Alberta system to optimise the gas flows from the north west portion of the
province to the eastern side of the province as well as enhancing gas flows to the
Alberta Oilsands.
North Star Section; 140 kilometres of NPS 42 inch steel pipeline, natural gas
designed to 9930 kPa (1440 psi). The North Star Section contained two directional
drilling crossings.
Red Earth Section; 160 kilometres of NPS 42 inch steel pipeline, natural gas
designed to 9930 kPa (1440 psi), with one HDD crossing.
The North Star Section was in service in the spring of 2009 and the Red Earth
Section will be in service in early April 2010.
54 inch reams within two months.
Recycling the drilling fluid and pumping
the high volumes required to clean the
large borehole was accomplished by the
use of two drilling mud pumps and an
upgraded fluid cleaning system.
Pipe pullback
The 1,110 metre section of the pipeline
destined to be pulled under the
river was welded and pre-tested on
the exit side of the crossing before the
completion of reaming. The 42 inch pipe
was successfully lifted to match the exit
angle of 15 degrees and pulled back
to the entry side rig without incident on
12 April 2009. The peak lifting height for
pullback was over 19 metres. The lifting
program was successfully implemented
by Northern Crane Services. Due to
the successfully implemented buoyancy
control plan, the pull forces did not
exceed 200,000 pounds and no coating
damage was noted.
With the arrival of spring temperatures
and the subsequent deterioration
of access roads, the surface casing
was unable to be completely extracted
before the equipment needed to be
demobilised. However, pipe insulators
had been installed on the pipeline
during pullback as planned and the
pipeline remained isolated from the
remaining 50 metres of 76 inch casing,
protecting the pipeline from increased
corrosion potential.
TransCanada’s successful 1,110 metre
crossing of the Peace River is believed to
TransCanada’s successful 1,110
metre crossing of the Peace River
is believed to be the longest
42 inch diameter gas pipeline
installed by HDD in Canada to
date.
be the longest 42 inch diameter gas pipeline
installed by HDD in Canada to date.
All of the project team members were
pleased to have the pipeline installed and
were impressed by the scale of the planning
and construction effort needed to
complete the crossing.
Project update
Update February 2010 – TransCanada
Pipelines successfully completed a
630 metre pullback of 42 inch pipeline as
part of its North Central Corridor Project.
The crossing of the Loon River in northern
Alberta was the third and final HDD
crossing for the project. Entec completed
the crossing design and lifting plan and
congratulates the entire project team on
achieving this milestone.
Hitting the 2030 target
by Lucy Eldred
Rehabilitating crumbling sewer mains will be a priority for the
Bahrain Ministry of Works as it strives to realise the Kingdom’s
Economic Vision 2030.
Located in the Arabian Gulf, the
Kingdom of Bahrain is best known for
its vast reserves of oil that have caused
the island to be recognised as the fastest
growing economy in the Middle East.
Literally meaning “two seas” in Arabic, the
small island kingdom lies between Qatar
and Saudi Arabia and exhibits a mix of traditional
Islamic and western culture. The
Kingdom of Bahrain is also well known for
its motorsports, with Formula One enthusiasts
flocking to the region on numerous
occasions, including the Gulf Air Grand
Prix in 2004.
Speaking at the first Underground
Infrastructure Middle East Conference and
Exhibition in Bahrain in January, Ministry
Public Works Affairs Under-Secretary
Nayef Al Kalali spoke of the need to
implement adequate asset management
procedures in the face of future environmental
and economic challenges.
“The serious concerns about the impact
of global warming and rapid economic
and population growth have increased
the need for integral planning, better
resources, and advanced technologies
for providing sustainable cost-effective
services of the highest quality,” he said.
The Bahrain Ministry of Works used the
first Underground Infrastructure Middle
East conference to present its National
Master Plan for Sanitary Engineering, a
20-year program which includes more
than 120 kilometres of new trunk sewers
to be built in Bahrain with microtunnelling
as the preferred construction technique.
With almost a third of Bahrain’s sewerage
network in a state of severe deterioration,
rehabilitation works and asset management
procedures are of high priority to the
Ministry of Works.
“The infrastructure in Bahrain is rapidly
exceeding its lifetime and as of now
30 per cent of the network has deteriorated
or is rapidly deteriorating,” said Mr
Al Kalali.
“In addition, there is infiltration of
underground water into the sewerage
network in about 50 per cent of areas.
The Economic Vision 2030 for Bahrain outlines the path for the development
of the Bahraini economy with the objective of moving away from an economy
built on oil wealth.
The program centres around developments in the areas of economy,
government and society in accordance with the principals of sustainability,
competitiveness and equality. The Bahraini Government will work in
collaboration with the legislative body, civil society and the private sector to
realise the Economic Vision 2030.
The first Underground Infrastructure Middle East Conference and Exhibition
took place from 18–19 January 2010 in Bahrain and drew approximately
300 participants from 13 nations to discuss the latest developments, strategies
and techniques in the fields of tunnelling, trenchless installations, pipe and
sewer rehabilitation and asset management.
Supported by the German Society for Trenchless Technology (GSTT), it
is hoped that the event will develop Bahrain into a regional hub for the
underground infrastructure industry in the Middle East, with preparations
already underway for the next Underground Infrastructure Middle East in
January 2011.
This results in flooding in the sanitary
network and has serious environmental
consequences as well causing other
problems among the population.
“Bahrain is also lacking in comprehensive
storm drainage networks,” Mr Al
Kalali said.
Local sources report that Mr Al Kalali
identified high operating and maintenance
costs as well as the reluctance of engineers
to work in infrastructure fields as
serious issues facing underground infrastructure
works in Bahrain.
Mr Al Kalali said the Ministry of Works
had made advances in several strategic
developmental and infrastructure
projects, including a national master plan
for sanitary engineering services and
long-term sewerage network rehabilitation
programs. A sewage treatment plant will
also be developed in Muharraq, the second
largest city in Bahrain.
Bahrain’s sanitary services were developed
just over 30 years ago, and as such
are still relatively new when compared to
other utility services such as electricity
and water. At present, 91 per cent of the
country is connected to the sanitary service
and the Ministry of Works is hoping to
connect the remaining nine per cent in the
next decade.
Works Ministry Sanitary Engineering
Assistant Under-Secretary Khalifa
Ebrahim Al Mansoor emphasised the
need for special financing and management
techniques to provide sustainable
utility service deliveries in the face of rapid
growth in the region.
Mr Al Mansoor said the progress in
providing the sanitary services during
the last 30 years had resulted in tremendous
improvements to the environment
and public health, including introducing
a new valuable source of water which
can be considered renewable and should
increase in time.
The upgrading of infrastructure networks
in Bahrain aims to make the country
a more desirable investment location for
foreign and local businesses in accordance
with the Economic Vision 2030.
Asset Management
April 2010 - Trenchless International
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DN150 liner installed and reverted.
Reverted liners showing conformance
inside bends.
Hong Kong benefits from PE rehab
by Jon Boon, Insituform
Introducing a new pipeline rehabilitation system into a mature market is not easy. Even after extensive product
development and testing to prove that the selected polymers, pipe processor and fittings being used meet project
requirements, it is necessary to prove to potential clients that the system can withstand the rigours of rehabilitation
in the field.
New tee fitted on the DN150 liner.
Both liners reverted. The upper part of
the bends shown here was removed to
expose the condition of the liner during
and after re-rounding.
Fully re-rounded pipe in test rig.
Asset Management
April 2010 - Trenchless International
In response to an Underground Asset
Management Study in 1997, the Hong
Kong SAR started the Replacement
and Rehabilitation Programme of Water
Mains with a view to improve about
3,000 kilometres (40 per cent of the
total pipeline network) of aged water
mains. Since the start of the works, closefit
polyethylene lining techniques have
increasingly been used to rehabilitate
water pipelines. This family of techniques
involves insertion of a high-density polyethylene
(HDPE) liner after temporarily
reducing the cross section, either radially
or by folding, to facilitate installation. The
liner is then reverted/re-rounded, typically
by pressurised water, air, steam or
a combination of these methods.
Insituform Asia Ltd. (Insituform) introduced
InsituGuard, its close-fit HDPE
lining system in 2007. Using two
installation techniques, InsituFlex, a concentrically
reduced pipe (CRP) system
and InsituFold, a longitudinally folded
pipe system, the system is fully structural
by design, with an SDR of 17 providing
a 10 bar pressure rating. The use of
InsituGuard can significantly reduce the
amount of trenching required and maintain
or even enhance flows. Insituform
looked closely at the key material properties
of the lining systems in advance and
confirmed that they met the key requirements
within the European standard.
The Insituflex system employs a radial
reduction technology that temporarily
reduces the liner’s diameter concentrically
by as much as 20 per cent. A series of
drive rollers pushes the pipe into place
while also squeezing it to a smaller
diameter. Rather than assert high pulling
loads on the liner, a winch is used
to pull the nose of the liner around
bends and past dislocated joints. This
process places less axial strain on the
liner and leaves less residual tension
in the final liner pipe system which
consists of the liner, host pipe and fittings.
This approach also helps minimise
axial retraction of the pipe at the end
pits during its return towards its original
diameter. If the liner has to be cut
into at a later time this reduced retraction
makes the insertion of new fittings
easier.
The InsituFold system folds HDPE
pipe into a “heart” shape, which reduces
the cross-section of the liner by up to
40 per cent. As it exits the machine, the
folded liner is then banded to maintain
the reduced shape prior to its insertion
into the host pipe.
These bands are broken by internally
pressurising the pipe with water after
insertion. As with the InsituFlex installation
process, this helps ensure that there
is less retraction if the pipe has to be cut
into at a later time.
Testing times
In order to have the InsituGuard system
approved a range of tests and trials were
initiated. Some of these were to satisfy
Insituform that the InsituGuard system
did not have a deleterious effect on the
performance of the pipes. Other tests
InsituFold Liner.
Tested sample collected from laboratory.
were requested by the client to confirm
that the system would meet contractual
obligations.
The InsituGuard liner has a pressure
rating of PN10, which is classified as fully
structural and independent according to
the American Water Works Association
(AWWA) and the European Committee
for Standardization (CEN). The structural
requirement of the liner is set to cope with
the typical internal operating pressures
found in Hong Kong water pipelines which
range from 3 bar to 10 bar.
The specifications for close fit lining
systems require meeting a mixture of
prescriptive and performance criteria. The
reduction of flow capacity should not
exceed 3 per cent. Any reduction in flow
capacity due to loss in bore cross-sectional
area due to the thickness of the liner
is typically offset with the smoother inside
surface of the HDPE liner. Pipe material
quality is specified to meet international
standards.
Because customers have indicated
they want a system that is repairable
within the client’s water resumption
performance pledge, an operation and
maintenance manual and video demonstrating
the repair method is required.
In addition, technical matters such as
ensuring that the ovality of reverted
pipe does not exceed 2 per cent must
be proved.
Concentrically reducing the diameter
of the HDPE pipe to fit into a host pipe
means that the diameter almost inevitably
becomes non-standard. However, it
is necessary after lining the host pipe to
bring the liner back to a size which can
be successfully electrofusion welded. It
is essential to choose an electrofusion
coupler that can cope with some variation
in the external diameter dimensions
of the re-rounded host pipe. The results
obtained in testing pipes and couplers are
shown in the following section.
In the series of tests, a number of pipe
samples were processed by the proprietary
systems, followed by reversion with
pressurised water. Some of the samples
as required by BS EN14409-3 contained
a butt-fusion in the middle.
In addition to the hydrostatic pressure
tests, 14 samples were also tested to
determine the tensile strength of butt
fusion joints – seven from the original pipe
and seven from the processed pipe. All
results showed satisfactory compliance
with the standard.
Onsite in Hong Kong
Hong Kong’s existing water supply network
is mostly located below busy city
streets. Therefore, it is required that any
system must be capable of being installed
within this environment. Productivity, system
compatibility, safety and the ability
to negotiate some bends are all factors
in determining whether a system is suitable
for carrying out rehabilitation works
in Hong Kong.
A site demonstration of the preparation,
installation, reversion and fittings installation
of both the InsituFold and InsituFlex
installation methods was conducted in
October 2007. The demonstration consisted
of the simulated underground
water pipelines. Two DN 300 mm pipes
were lined using the InsituFold installation
method and two DN150 pipelines with
the InsituFlex installation system. This
setup modelled the type of pipelines following
cleaning that were anticipated to
be encountered during the site work. An
intermediate pit was formed at the bends
so that the upper sections of the bends
could be removed along the lines after
insertion and reversion to illustrate what
occurred at these points.
Because of the folding process the
client was concerned that in operation
there may be some restriction in flow for
longitudinally folded pipe due to residual
ovality of the previously folded pipe. A site
trial was requested to demonstrate the
compliance with the ovality requirement
in a working condition. The requirement
in the contract was that the pipe must be
circular within 2 per cent. It was determined
that there was no distortion in
the circular shape for the concentrically
reduced pipe, thus meeting the ovality
requirement. Its circularity was not a matter
of concern.
In the trial, an area at Location B was
open between two host pipe sections to
enable measurement of the in-pipe condition.
The pipe was then pressurised and
maintained at 10 bar during measurement.
Measurements taken at several locations
confirmed the results met the
contract criteria.
The client rightly took a cautious
approach in accepting new techniques.
Various tests, demonstrations and
trials were conducted to verify the characteristics
of the various methods. These
included elements that related to:
• The material properties of the
processed pipe
• Installation
• In-service operation
• Maintenance.
Major steps in order to gain the
acceptance of the rehabilitation system
have been successfully undertaken. The
InsituGuard system met all requirements
and is now being used on a number of
contracts within Hong Kong.
Asset Management
April 2010 - Trenchless International
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Pumping station back in action
Per Aarsleff’s recently formed Pipe Technologies division has successfully
completed its first pipeline repair on a damaged pumping station discharge
pipeline at Bawdsey, on the East Suffolk coast in the United Kingdom. The
deformed and leaking cast iron pipeline was restored with CIPP.
projects
April 2010 - Trenchless International
The liner was turned inside out, pushed onto the outlet nozzle of the
inversion drum and held in place with special clamping bands.
Bawdsey land drainage
pumping station and its 450 mm diameter
discharge pipeline were built in
the late 1950s to serve an agricultural
catchment of nearly 13 square kilometres,
half of which lies at or below mean
sea level. The Bawdsey Pumping Station
automatically controls water levels
and discharges surface water drainage
through the pipeline, under a flood
defence embankment and into the tidal
estuary of the River Deben. The overall
pipe is about 30 metres long. However,
a 22 metre long section, from the pumping
station to the outfall, has deformed
under the weight of the embankment
and sunk about 250 mm into a shallow
‘U’ shape. When the pump operates at
its flow of 0.45 metres cubed per second
and pressure head of five metres, water
is forced out of the damaged pipe’s
open joints, jeopardising the integrity of
the flood defences.
A swallow hole appeared in the
embankment, forcing the Environment
Agency, which is responsible for the
embankment, and the East Suffolk
Internal Drainage Board (ESIDB), responsible
for Bawdsey Pumping Station, to act
quickly. The ESIDB is one of a consortium
of five boards making up the Water
Management Alliance (WMA), which
together protect about 1,220 square kilometres
of East Anglia. There was an
acute risk of an embankment breach
and the WMA looked at alternative repair
options.
“We had to act quickly and considered
various alternatives, including replacing
the entire section of pipe, but that would
have required major invasive surgery
to the embankment,” says WMA district
engineer Ian Hart.
“Instead we opted for a less invasive
option of relining the pipe without
the need for any excavation, in the
The liner was pushed through the
manhole and into the pipeline ready
for inversion.
spirit of modern, keyhole surgery.
I contacted Aarsleff and they confirmed
the feasibility of repairing the pipeline
in-situ with a tailor made liner. We then
appointed a local civil engineering contractor,
Breheny, to oversee the repair
as they had rebuilt the pumping station
in 2003–04. Aarsleff purpose-made the
liner to suit and installed it in a very slick
and professional operation.”
Breheny provided clear unobstructed
access to the pump house, removed
the pipeline inspection cover within the
pumping station and opened the outfall
flap valve to allow Aarsleff to make a
start on the lining during low tide. A thin
plastic pre-liner, with a blanked end,
was first inserted into the damaged
pipeline using compressed air to protect
the main resin-impregnated polyester
liner during installation. The main liner
was designed and made by Aarsleff’s
in-house designers to withstand the
positive and negative pressures and
the high flow rates generated when the
pump operates. It was made inside out
from resin impregnated thin layers of
special needle felt so that the outside
surface eventually became the inner
smooth bore surface when the liner was
inverted into the damaged pipeline. The
main liner was packed in flake ice during
delivery from the factory to the site to
prevent premature curing.
At the pump house the liner was
wound into the special inversion drum,
which was positioned close to the pump
house entrance. A length of liner, twice
the distance from the drum to the pipeline
manhole, was pulled out of the
drum. This protruding section was then
turned back on itself so the inside of
the liner was now on the outside. It was
pushed onto the outlet nozzle of the
inversion drum and held in place with
special clamping bands. The liner was
then lowered down into the manhole
and guided by hand a short distance
into the pre-liner and into the entrance
of the damaged 22 metre long pipeline.
The inversion drum was then pressurised
with compressed air, which forced
the liner, with its closed end, to rapidly
unwind from the drum and unfold and
invert itself through and out of the open
end of the damaged pipeline. The inversion
process only took a few seconds
with the air pressure forcing the liner
through the prelined damaged pipe and
against the wall, which effectively acted
as a former for the new lining.
A steam pressure hose was then
connected from a special boiler to the
inversion drum to heat up the liner. At
the same time a steam exhaust pipe
was also inserted into the exposed section
of liner protruding from the outfall.
Temperature probes were attached to the
liner, which was gradually heated by the
steam to 110°C and held for four hours to
cure the resin-impregnated, 13 mm thick
The special inversion drum with liner was
positioned close to the pump house entrance.
The inversion drum was pressurised with compressed air, which forced the liner to
unfold and invert itself through and out of the open end of the damaged pipeline.
liner. By using steam curing, the required
high temperature could be maintained,
even though the end of the liner was
submerged during high tide. The entire
liner inversion and curing process was
controlled and monitored by a computer
on board a self-contained lorry fitted with
highly advanced, purpose-built installation
equipment, including the boiler and
compressors, needed to perform the
No-Dig, CIPP process.
After curing and cooling, the ends
of the new liner, which formed a
self-supporting pipe within a pipe, were
cut off at the next low tide. Aarsleff’s
lining crew completed their work in just
one and half days and Breheny followed
on, restoring the outfall flap valve and
returning the pump house to full working
order. The repair to the Bawdsey
pipeline was completed without any
excavation or disturbance of the pipeline
and was done in a fraction of the
time and at a fraction of the cost it would
have taken using conventional, open-cut
pipe replacement methods.
projects
April 2010 - Trenchless International
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45

projetcs
April 2010 - Trenchless International
Green machine
saves the day
In the Polish city of Kielce a HDD rig, featuring second
generation ADBS and a new type of backreamer, has
successfully completed a crossing in sandy clay
ground conditions.
The project involved a 76 metre
length of HDPE pipe OD 160 mm installed
using horizontal directional drilling (HDD)
to leave a busy, central area undisturbed.
Kielce-based project contractor Ekobox
Sp. z.o.o. specialises in installations of
telecom power lines and road lighting,
using trenchless pipe and cable laying
The TERRA-JET 4015 S during the
pilot bore.
techniques. The company has a history working with piercing
tools and has recently complemented their fleet with the addition
of the HDD machine; TERRA-JET (TJ) 4015 S.
Ekobox owner Mr Suchansky selected the premium TJ
model, which is equipped with an air conditioned driver’s
cabin, an MP3 player and an on-board computer with touch
screen. The width of the operator’s cab allows the seat to
rotate 180 degrees. Manufacturer TERRA AG says that the
computer saves every metre of the bore as it prints out a bore
protocol with all torques, pulling and thrust forces, and also the
drilling fluid volume and pressures. The touch screen gives all
the information the operator requires, says the company.
The drill operator drives and operates the HDD machine using
two multifunctional joysticks installed in the left and right armrests
of the operator’s seat, allowing control and smooth movement of
the rig.
The TERRA-JET 4015 S can drill directional bores up to
200 metres length and 460 mm diameter, depending on ground
conditions. It is driven by a 62.5 kW (85 HP) powered diesel
engine, which is ‘clean’ and fulfils the required ‘green’ emission
regulations for some years to come.
Torque and pullback force are produced by separated
hydraulic circuits allowing the maximum torque of 4,000 Nm
(3,000 ft.lbs) and the maximum pullback force of 150 kN
(15 tonnes, 33,000 lbs) to be used simultaneously under full load.
The drilling fluid volume is 90 litres per minute (23 gpm) at
a maximum fluid pressure of 70 bars (1,000 psi). The drilling
The HDPE pipe OD 160 mm is pulled in.
The new 215 mm TERRA back reamer
with tungsten carbide teeth.
fluid volume may be optionally increased. The system which
mixes the bentonite into the drilling fluid via an injector (Venturi
hopper) is on board the HDD machine. This patent removes the
need for an extra mixing system and a second engine.
The TERRA-JET 4015 S is equipped with a second generation
Automatic Drilling and Backreaming System (ADBS). This patented
ADBS automatically and within milliseconds adjusts the
working speed of the drill to suit the ground conditions says the
company. In soft ground the drill operates at maximum speed, in
hard ground slowly, but always at the optimum speed.
Machinery in action
The 76 metre long pilot bore in the sandy clay was achieved
with ease. The drill head could even be located underneath the
reinforced concrete plates. Said the contractor.
After the pilot bore the drill head was replaced by a new back
reamer 215 mm. TERRA has developed this new type of backreamer
with tungsten carbide teeth, which can be replaced easily
every time. This new backreamer has an integrated protection
pipe for the swivel, which closes the space between the backreamer
and the HDPE pipe. Therefore preventing stones from
falling in front of the expander chuck and block the backreaming.
With the backreamer the HDPE pipe OD 160 mm (6.3 inch) was
pulled in simultaneously, proving no problem for the rig.
Mr Suchansky said “The new design and concept makes
the TERRA-JET Series S to one of the most productive HDD
machines available.”
Coating shafts –
substrate preparation perfected
by Rainer Hermes
For an effective and long-lasting – and hence economical – shaft coating, careful and thorough cleaning and
preparation of the substrate is essential.
Hermes Technologie, based in Schwerte, Germany,
has been successfully developing coating procedures using
ERGELIT dry mortars for over 20 years, launching the KS-ASS
(M-Coating) process on the market in the late 1990s, and very
quickly complementing it with an automated shaft cleaning rig.
Named the TSSR, this is an array of high pressure cleaning nozzles
which form part of the M-Coating equipment and are raised
and lowered in the shaft mechanically, to achieve thorough
preparation of the substrate.
Continuous market observation and monitoring of client reaction
led to a ‘high speed’ version of the TSSR at the end of 2006.
The company said that at 380 bar and 24 litres per minute and
with a completely new design of rotary nozzles, shaft cleaning
equipment was now developed almost to perfection. Almost –
there were still some questions to answer.
How to treat hard clinker brick surfaces, new concrete shafts
or synthetic coatings before coating with ERGELIT? Intensive
research and experimentation finally led to the conclusion that
only sand-blasting could provide a satisfactory solution. But how?
By exposing operatives to conditions in the shaft?
Anyone who has ever seen such an operating procedure can
understand this would ran counter to the thinking behind the
M-Coating process of which the TSSR was an integral part. When
developing the M-Coating process, the Hermes team has given
the same priority to protecting the workforce as to improving
performance when it came to shaft rehabilitation. The M-Coating
name became virtually synonymous with fast, effective and top
quality shaft coating with ERGELIT. This was and still is the
reason why this, and only this, process has received the Berlin
DiBT’s certificate for coating wastewater collectors and inspection
shafts.
In the autumn of 2009, the Hermes team’s technicians and
engineers found the solution to the sand-blasting problem: developing
the TSSR into the HDS jet equipped with a combination of
water- and sand-blasting technology. The new process amazed
the professionals at the ENTSORGA show in 2009.
This apparatus, registered with the German patent office
under the name HDS-jet, is equipped with two water/sand
blasting nozzles. Operation is as the TSSR. The array rotates
through 360 degrees on its own axis and is raised and lowered
by winch. Working on the venturi principle, the high pressure
water pump creates a strong vacuum which in turn draws the
blasting sand out of the container.
The sand is then accelerated so powerfully through the nozzle
that it keys or prepares tiles, new concrete surfaces or synthetic
surfaces so that the new ERGELIT coating makes a permanent
bond. Thanks to the short, uniform and easily adjustable distance
between the nozzle and the shaft wall, the blasting sand, with
carefully selected grain size, gives very even results.
The speed at which the HDS jet cleans is around 15 minutes
per metre. That is, it normally takes one hour to complete the
cleaning and preparation of a standard four metre deep shaft
with these problematic shaft walls. In exceptional cases the
procedure can be repeated several times, depending on the
sandblasting finish required.
There is no need to send operatives into the shafts, which is
particularly important where these are narrow or difficult. Often
it is only the M-Coating procedure that can cope with major
projects – for example, a 25 metre deep shaft in London could
not have been renovated without this technique. As is the case
with the usual TSSR cleaning, the specialist operatives stand at
the top of the shaft and monitor the cleaning process or top up
the blasting sand if required.
The new water/sandblasting equipment is proposed as a
complete kit, or as an add-on to the M-Coating equipment. As
usual, the HERMES Technologie team will demonstrate the HDS
jet and explain the operational method and particular technical
and economical features on the spot. Poorly cleaned substrates,
however bad they originally were, should now be a thing of the
past. The economic problems of coating breaking off because of
inadequate substrate preparation can now be avoided. The technology
is available and simply needs to be applied. For clients
already using M-Coating, this is simply an important addition to
existing technology. HERMES Technologie ensures a powerful
bond and a highly durable coating.
pipe cleaning
April 2010 - Trenchless International
46
47

Cleaning pipes with pigs
by Lyndsie Mewett
Pipeline Pigging and Integrity Management
pipe cleaning
April 2010 - Trenchless International
Cleaning pig uses
Cleaning pigs have a variety of uses
including the removal of debris, paraffin
and millscale, the verification of the ovality
of the pipe, corrosion control and dewatering
during hydrostatic testing. During
construction pigs are used to remove dirt
or general construction debris that may be
inside the pipe as it is being assembled.
Pigs are used in the hydrostatic testing
process, pumped through the pipeline
with water, as a tool to expel air from the
line. Following this, a cleaning pig is used
to dewater and dry the pipeline before
commissioning.
During operation, cleaning pigs are
extremely important because they are
able to remove substances that may
obstruct flow within the pipeline, or damage
the pipeline itself, while still allowing
continuous operation of the pipeline. In
addition, through the removal of debris,
cleaning pigs ensure that a pipeline maintains
its maximum efficiency.
Because of the pigs’ varied uses and
the differences inherent in each pipeline,
cleaning pigs are available in a number of
different designs. The pigs can be of a light
or heavy density, depending on the function
of the pig. A pig of heavy density may
be put through a pipeline first, followed by
lighter density pigs.
Foam and polyurethane pigs
Foam or polyurethane pigs are available
in various densities and shapes. They can
be bullet shaped, have concave ends or
flat ends, be jelly coated on the outside or
sometimes have a silicone carbine coating.
In addition, some foam pigs can have
a crisscross pattern with silicone carbine
implanted in the pig.
Coated foam pigs are used for general
cleaning, whereas the more abrasive coating
of silicone carbine is used for cleaning
lines with build-up. The crisscross pattern
is also used for medium-length runs in pipe
where extra abrasion resistance is required.
The shape of the pig dictates how fast it
travels while in the pipe. The travel speed
in turn determines the force of the pig’s
What’s in a name?
Theories have abounded as to the meaning of the word ‘pig’. These days,
many claim it stands for ‘pipeline inspection gauge’, however it seems that this
term only came into being after the word pig was already in use in this context.
A likely theory is the high-pitched squealing sound made by the early devices
as they scraped the inside of a pipeline resembled the squeal of a pig. Other
theories include the brushes resembling the hair of a pig, some early devices
being made in part with pig skin and the appearance of the device once it had
finished its job, covered in dirt like a pig.
cleaning edge, with higher speed pigs
being able to remove tougher debris.
Foam pigs are flexible, enabling them
to compress and expand so that they can
travel through multi-diameter pipelines
and navigate bends in the pipeline.
Light-density foam pigs are used to
pass through the pipeline first because
their open-cell foam aids the drying
of pipelines after hydrostatic testing.
Medium-to-heavy density foam pigs are
used during pipe construction, start-up,
during operations, for maintenance and
emergencies.
Solid polyurethane pigs are designed
to be used in batching or displacement
of fluids in petroleum, chemical or process
industry pipelines. Batching refers
to when a pig is used between batches
of product, such as between petrols and
various other types of fuel. A displacement
pig displaces one fluid with another and is
used in the commissioning process.
Mandrel pigs
Mandrel pigs have a metal body with
seals, scraper cups or discs on their
exterior. The pigs can be used for an
ovalarity check or for gauging the internal
diameter of the pipe, to clean the
line, as a sealing pig, as a combination
cleaning/sealing pig, for batching,
dewatering and drying after testing.
Extra discs can be provided to attach
to mandrel pigs to scrape extra debris.
For example, crude lines can get a
heavy wax build-up and sometimes
require extra discs on the pig to clean
the line. Additional cups and brushes
can also be acquired.
The world’s most respected
pigging conference is coming to
the Asia Pacific region
www.clarion.org
CONFERENCE • TRAINING COURSES • EXHIBITION
8-11 November 2010 • Crowne Plaza Hotel • Kuala Lumpur
April 2010 - Trenchless International
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49

Pipe cleaning
April 2010 - Trenchless International
The 150 mm diameter pipeline is ten
kilometres in length, pumping raw water
from the Dawson River to the treatment
plant to service parts the Duaringa Shire,
Queensland, Australia.
Mission:
To remove the internal debris and
weed growth built up in the pipeline over
a period of ten years.
Due to the location of the site and
the urgency of the program, Clearflow
Australia worked purely on telephone
communication and faxed documents
in order to fabricate a pig launcher to
suit the conditions onsite. After some
difficulties it was made to fit and is now
a permanent fixture of the pipe at the
river end.
Managing Director David Elderfield
said “On inspection of the pipeline at the
river and pumping end we adapted the
existing fittings, removed a flanged section
of the existing pipe and made our
pig launcher fit.
“The best location for the discharge
was at the water plant. A section of pipe
was exposed and removed with the
excavation of pit leaving the open end of
the pipe discharging into the settling pit.”
There was no confident local knowledge
of the pipeline and the only map
available was a longitudinal section map,
said Mr Elderfield. “It is difficult to know
what to expect when launching a pig that
A brush pig uses both metallic and
non-metallic brushes. Generally, brushes
are used when more aggressive cleaning
is required to remove tough debris.
Liquids pipelines are best cleaned with
a pig equipped with cleaning devices
attached, such as brushes, which can
remove fine solids that may have settled
in the pipeline.
Pigs for different pipes
Different pigs are recommended for
water, natural gas, oil and liquids pipelines.
The type of cleaning pig used on a
natural gas pipeline is often determined
by the internal coating of the pipe. If the
pipeline is internally coated, the cleaning
pig to be used won’t be equipped with
cleaning devices that could damage or
remove the coating. For example, a polyurethane
pig won’t damage the coating. If
Dawson River case study – pigging raw water line
is required to travel ten kilometres and
at the same time achieve the desired
results.”
Most of the pipeline is located in
bush terrain with difficult access, with a
number breaks in certain sections and
unknown debris in the pipe.
As the pipeline had no offshoot
sections or designed breaks it was necessary
for the pig to travel the entire
ten kilometres and achieve the desired
result. If the wrong type of pig is used
and too much debris is dislodged too
early the pig could jam up in the pipe.
On the other hand, if the pig is too soft
it may break up during the run. Or if the
pig travels too quickly we may not get a
true idea on the condition of the pipe or
the type and amount of debris that is in
the pipe to be removed.
At the time of fitting the launcher the
pipeline showed signs of encrustation
with a large amount of weed slime and
sludge – the aftermath of pumping raw
water.
Clearflow’s normal procedure on the
first run is to try and determine the
condition of the pipe. The first run took
approximately four hours to travel the
pipe, removing large amounts of sludge
and slime.
This initial run was not without complications.
The pig did jam up with the
amount of debris in the pipe and it was
decided to release the pressure in the
the natural gas pipeline is free of internal
coating, a cleaning pig with brushes can
be used.
Plastic-bristle foam pigs can also be
used with internally coated pipelines or
plastic lines such as PVC, fibreglass and
high-density polyethylene. The bristles are
forceful enough to remove most build-up
but not harmful to the coatings.
Oil pipelines may need pigging to
remove wax accumulations on the
inside of the pipe wall or an accumulation
of water in the pipe. A polyurethane
pig is suitable for removing wax from an
oil pipeline.
It is important that the right cleaning
pig is chosen for an operator’s pigging
needs. There are a number of suppliers
in Australia providing different pigging
products, all willing to help with the right
pigging solution.
pipe. In doing so, Clearflow drained
some of the pipe to get another run
with the pig and to try and dislodge the
debris.
Under normal conditions the first-run
pigs or proving pigs will float, however,
in this case, when they were finally discharged
from the pipe they were so full
of sludge and slime that they just settled
on the bottom of the discharge pond.
They were stuck in the sludge and at the
bottom of the pit.
It is necessary when refurbishing pipelines
to try and control the speed of the
pigs through the pipeline. After two proving
runs, the company was confident
the pipeline was reasonably true and
launched the working pig; a harder compound,
poly-foam pig.
The purpose of running this pig was to
remove all of the debris of weed sludge
and slime as well as any harder encrustation.
The results achieved were very
good. Clearflow not only removed large
amounts of raw water slime sludge and
weed growth, but also the heavy scale
evident in the bottom of the discharge
pit. There were also signs of manganese
mixed up with the weed growth.
The final analysis
Improved water quality delivery with
increased flow rate to the dam of 60 per
cent. This alone decreased the operating
costs of pumping water.
Bigger than Texas:
PPIM puts pigs on show
A dynamic forum discussing key trends, products and services in the pipeline inspection sector – the 22nd
Pipeline Pigging and Integrity Maintenance Conference and Exhibition was held in Houston, Texas, from 15–18
February 2010.
The Pipeline Pigging and Integrity
Maintenance (PPIM) Conference and
Exhibition, organised by Tiratsoo
Technical, a division of Great Southern
Press, and Clarion, drew engineering
management and field operating personnel
from both transmission and distribution
companies concerned with improved
operations and integrity management.
Reporter Lyndsie Mewett was in attendance
and here delivers a wrap of the pigs,
people and program at PPIM.
The event encompassed training
courses, a varied Conference program
and an Exhibition including 74 companies.
Approximately 1,500 people
attended, with 400 delegates representing
22 countries enrolled in the Conference
and training courses.
A captivating Conference
Tiratsoo Technical Principal John
Tiratsoo chaired the Conference sessions,
which included topics such as the importance
of pig trap assessment, integrity
management plans, multi-diameter bidirectional
pigging, magnetic flux leakage
(MFL) inspection capabilities, pipeline
regulatory updates, performance management
assessments and remediation,
and unpiggable pipelines.
The Conference program also included
a panel discussion on the cleanliness of
pipelines from an owner/operator perspective.
Six panellists from different parts
of the pipeline industry outlined what
‘clean’ means to them, which proved a
useful insight for contractors to assess
what products would best suit proponents’
needs.
Pigs on show
In conjunction to the Conference, the
well-attended Exhibition highlighted the
latest products and services available
to the pipeline pigging and inspection
industry.
Companies displaying products
included A.Hak Industrial Services, Apache
The Conference Panel Session in full swing.
Pipeline Products, Baker Hughes Pipeline
Management Group, BJ Pipeline Services,
DNV, Dresser, Girard Industries, Hebna
Corporation, Knapp Poly Pig, Rosen and
T.D. Williamson, plus many more.
Event gold sponsors BJ Pipeline
Services and Rosen provided evening
drinks and nibbles in the Exhibition area
during the event. This gave Conference
delegates and exhibitors alike a chance
to talk shop in a relaxed environment or
simply unwind with new and old friends.
A bright future for PPIM
The importance of the pipeline inspection
industry continues to grow. As
60 per cent of the world’s major oil and
gas transmission pipelines are now more
than 50 years old, keeping up with the
latest inspection and rehabilitation technology
is vital.
The success of the 22nd PPIM
Conference and Exhibition echoed this
sentiment, with many Exhibitors already
signing on for Houston’s 2011 PPIM event.
Tiratsoo Technical's John Tiratsoo chairs the
Conference sessions.
PPIM training courses
Seven streams of training
courses were ran on the 15 and
16 February, encompassing
topics such as defect
management, pigging and inline
inspection, pipeline repair
methods, performing pipeline
rehabilitation and pipeline risk
management.
For information about future
courses, visit Clarion’s website
www.clarion.org
In addition to the Houston PPIM
Conference and Exhibition, PPIM Asia
Pacific will be held later this year in
November. Training courses will be
held 8–9 November with the Conference
beginning on Wednesday 10. Why not
drop by following Singapore International
No-Dig?
Make sure you keep an eye out for more details on PPIM Asia Pacific – visit www.clarion.org
Pipe cleaning
April 2010 - Trenchless International
50
51

Working together for
trenchless advances
Perma-Liner Industries is the North American distributer for IMS Robotics –
bringing innovative products to a new market.
Forging strong international
relationships between companies is an
integral component of building the trenchless
industry worldwide. The relationship
between Perma-Liner and IMS Robotics
is a successful example in the trenchless
industry. Perma-Liner will tour the
US in the week following NASTT’s No-Dig
Chicago event, demonstrating several
robotic cutting devices of IMS Robotics.
Perma-Liner is one of North America’s
leading suppliers of equipment for rehabilitation
of sewers and drains and will
launch a new low budget lateral cutter
– the Micro Cutter Light. This system is
a world first in the field of reinstatement
cutters. Based on a cutter version, which
has already been selling successfully
worldwide for many years, the designers
have developed a low budget system with
almost all the benefits of the well known
system but more than the half of the price.
Owner of Perma-Liner Jerry D’Hulster
said that this product is a response to the
growing demand for favourable equipment
for the growing relining sector. With
cheaper but effective systems, small
companies can also now afford to have
access to the relining business and help
to protect the environment.
But why is this new cutter unique? The
company said that some low budget cutters
in the market are controlled manually
and it is very hard to control it after bends
and cutting precisely. The swivel and rotation
movement of the Micro Cutter Light is
controlled electrically by a joystick. The
designers say that there is no opportunity
that control will be lost. The working
range is three inches up to six inches and
the cutter is able to pass bends of up to
90 degrees. The cutter is fixed in a pipe
with a rubber bladder and therefore is
also useable in vertical pipes. Although
the motor is air driven, the cutting engine
is extremely strong, sufficient for all kinds
of liners and moreover for strong obstructions
including concrete. There is also a
mounting for fixing a push rod camera to
monitor the cutting process.
The service and repair system is also
very easy. Due to changeable single components,
the operator is able to change
the components immediately, in case of
break down.
Perma-Liner has also unveiled new Pull-
In-Place CIPP system. This addition will
allow installers versatility between the
Perma-Lateral air-inversion system and
the newly-released Pull-In-Place system.
Perma-Liner Industries was established
in 1998 to provide plumbers, contractors
and municipalities Cured-In-Place-Pipe
(CIPP) systems in North America aimed
specifically at the municipal, residential
and commercial market and supported by
a range of updated and newly developed
trenchless repairing techniques. Today
the company offers a range of techniques
from 2 inch to 102 inch pipe diameters.
Here we look at three recent jobs
benefitting from the relining and robotic
techniques.
The publishers of Trenchless International
magazine bring you the
Trenchless Wall Chart
robotics
April 2010 - Trenchless International
Grand Rapids, Michigan
Plummer’s Environmental relined
a four inch diameter, 207 feet long,
scaled cast iron pipe at a local food
processing plant. David VanDyken
from Plummer’s said that they had
one shot to line this foot pipe and
reinstate four lateral connections to
the main that ran the length of the
plant floor while the plant was closed
for the weekend. Only having access
from one manhole might have presented
a challenge to some, but
with a couple of delivery hoses they
were able to invert the full 200 plus
feet of liner in the one shot. After a
three-hour cure they were off and
reinstating all of the tie-ins with their
mini reinstatement cutter. At approximately
30 minutes apiece for the
reinstatements they were in and out
in less than one work day!
Dawsonville, Georgia
Townley Construction completed
a job at the Historic Hay House in
Macon Georgia. The Johnston-Felton-
Hay House was built from 1855-1859.
Named after the three families that
inhabited it for the past three centuries,
the house has become a landmark
in Georgia dating back to pre-Civil
War times. The house had amenities
that were unmatched for the time
period in which it was built including
central heating, hot and cold running
water, a speaker-tube system,
in-house kitchen, and an elaborate
ventilation system. The repair that was
performed by Townley Construction
was a two inch downspout that was
leaking through the wall of the house.
This job was completed in less than
five hours.
Las Vegas, Nevada
Spartan Plumbing has used CIPP
under Planet Hollywood in Las
Vegas. Spartan Plumbing found
a corroded eight inch pipe under
Planet Hollywood that was missing
approximately 20 per cent of its pipe
throughout the main line on both
sides. This section went completely
under Planet Hollywood’s restaurant
and out the service corridor. This
line serviced five other restaurants
and twenty stores. Spartan Plumbing
started by gently hydro-jetting the
cast iron and was successful in cleaning
the pipe without a total collapse
of the line. Due to the high profile
job, it would be nearly impossible
for Spagos and Planet Hollywood to
be without a sewer line. At midnight
Spartan Plumbing shot 132 feet and
had it cured by 7.00 am.
Make sure your company stays in front of trenchless
decision makers worldwide.
To secure your space or to find out more information contact:
Brett Thompson
E: bthompson@gs-press.com.au
T: +61 3 92485100
Finished size 960 mm x 650 mm
52 Wall chart images are not finalised and are subject to change.
53

Robotics
April 2010 - Trenchless International
Obama champions
robotics
The US Commerce Department will fund a $US8 million project to develop a robotic platform that will
repair and retrofit deteriorating water mains nationwide.
The funding was awarded to Fibrwrap
Construction Inc. by the Commerce
Department’s National Institute of
Standards and Technology (NIST)
Technology and Innovation Program (TIP).
Fibrwrap will work in partnership with Fyfe
Company and the University of California
to develop the project.
The funding for the project is part of
the NIST’s $US71 million Technology
and Innovation Program (TIP) as part of
President Barack Obama’s efforts to spur
economic recovery and address costly
societal concerns in the US.
Developing the technology
The funding will be used to build and
deploy a fully automated machine that
applies Carbon Fibrwrap using a wetlayup
technique for restoration of aging
water transmission pipelines.
The Tyfo Carbon Fiber system is
designed to prevent large diameter pressure
pipes from bursting, collapsing or
further deteriorating. The current method
Fibrwrap crew making preparations
in 54 inch pipeline.
Surface preparation in 72 inch pipeline.
of installation is a labour intensive semiautomated
process.
Fibrwarp’s CEO Heath Carr said that a
robot renewal method will reduce costs
to comparable to steel sliplining while
removing the need for excavation.
“Robotics have been built in the past
without success. This system is utilising
a proprietary technology that may enable
the device to layup the materials without
quality control concerns,” Mr Carr said.
The system has been used in the US to
strengthen pipes over the past decade. A
robotic approach to installation will allow
the system to be applied up to ten times
faster than manual application.
“In the end, these cutting-edge platforms
will monitor pipe health and restore
pipes quickly and efficiently – with limited
downtime for both water companies and
consumers,” Mr Carr said.
If successful, the innovation may be
used to strengthen lengths of high pressure
pipelines ranging in diameter from
8–202 inches.
NIST’s Technology and
Innovation Program
The TIP is a merit-based, competitive
program that provides cost-shared funding
for research projects by single small
to medium sized businesses or by joint
ventures, including institutions of higher
education, not-for-profit research organisations
and national laboratories.
The program will fund 20 projects
US-wide, focusing on the monitoring or
repair of major public infrastructure systems
and the practical application of
advanced materials, both of which are
particular areas of national interest.
US Commerce Deputy Secretary Dennis
Hightower said “President Obama is leading
an effort to drive economic growth and
solve national problems by deploying a
21st Century economy.
“These new projects will develop new
technology and material that will play a
critical role in modernising infrastructure
and developing the manufacturing company
across the country.”
Application of Tyfo Fibrwrap system in 54 inch pipeline.
The state of road gully
systems in Germany
Part 2
by Ing R Stein and Dipl-Ing H Cakmak, S & P Consult Bochum GmbH
Part one of this article (Trenchless International January 2010) introduced the approach to the survey on the state
of the road gully systems in Germany, the data pool, as well as project-specific key figures in the first part of this
publication. The second part of this article includes the results of questions concerning cleaning, inspection, leak
tightness testing, requirements for rehabilitation and rehabilitation costs, as well as a summary of the results of the
survey.
Did you miss Part 1? Visit www.trenchlessinternational.com and enter ‘road gully’ in the search field.
Cleaning of road gully systems
This section of the survey included
questions about the responsibility of
cleaning, cleaning methods, the number
of cleanings, and the accrued costs of
cleaning.
Solid retention of SB and SS
The function of road gullies is to collect
drainage from road run-off and
discharge it. This process also involves
collecting waste such as sand and
gravel, grit, leaves and cigarette butts.
Road gullies with floor discharge, known
as the SB type, retain solids by using a
bucket. Road gullies with sludge space,
known as the SS type, have a sludge
space that serves as a settling basin.
Figure 1 shows that SS types retain
twice as much solids as SB types.
The systems standardised in DIN 4,052
have a limited efficiency when it comes to
retaining solids. Furthermore road gullies
that are not cleaned before reaching their
performance limits reduce their already
low function of preliminary purification.
Depending on the local authority, the
amount of clearing material accruing in
the sewer networks varies between less
than 100 tonnes per year and more than
5,000 tonnes per year (see Figure 2).
Figure 1. Figure 2.
Process of cleaning road gullies
Although road gully systems are part
of drain and sewer systems, they generally
do not belong to the sewer network
and are assigned to the relevant road
authority.
In many towns, the relevant road
authorities delegate the responsibility for
operation and maintenance of road gullies
to the sewer network operators or private
companies, where a sewer operating division
is responsible. Financing is assured
through general budget funds of the road
construction offices.
The cleaning of road gullies is carried
out by the drainage department of the
respective local authority in 48 per cent
of cases, the relevant road authority in
27 per cent of cases or by private drainage
Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5.
companies in 25 per cent of cases (see
Figure 3).
Number of cleanings of SB and SS
For the participating local authorities,
the cleaning of both SB and SS occurs
every two years on average (see Figures
4 and 5).
With SB types, cleaning of the bucket
is carried out manually 54 per cent of the
time and via suction vehicles in 46 per cent
of cases (see Figure 6.a), this is compared
with SS types where cleaning is undertaken
via suction vehicle in 97 per cent of cases.
It is uncommon that a manual cleaning is
carried out on SS systems (see Figure 6b).
The distribution of cleaning costs of
SB and SS differs considerably, with
the cleaning of an SB averaging at
industry review
April 2010 - Trenchless International
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55

Cleanings
Inspection scheme
Inspection procedure
Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation procedure
Renovation
Figure 7.
Figure 8.
Figure 15.
Figure 16. Figure 17.
Inspection technique
Damages
Repair
Reason for repair
Replacement
Figure 6.
industry review
April 2010 - Trenchless International
€5.50 per piece and the cleaning costs
of a SS averaging at €12.60 per piece.
The cleaning costs accrued for different
road gullies all over Germany amount to
approximately €251 million.
Inspection of road gullies
These questions dealt with inspection
procedures and inspection techniques as
well as the existent damage potential of
road gully systems.
Inspection scheme
Approximately 20 per cent of local
authorities confirmed that road gullies
and their connection sewers were
included in the sewer inspection scheme
(see Figure 7). Consequently, we can
record that only one fifth of the participating
local authorities are aware of the
significance of their road gully systems
and keep informed about their current
state on a regular basis.
The same cannot be said of the public
sewer system. According to the DWA [4],
inspections of sewers and manholes are
carried out in about 80 per cent of the
local authorities. However, the actual state
of laterals is only recorded in 9.7 per cent of
the local authorities. This can be ascribed
to the fact that laterals are privately owned
and are not usually operated by local
authorities.
Inspection procedure and technique
Figure 8 shows the inspection procedures
used on road gully systems. The majority
of the local authorities (67 per cent) check
Figure 9.
their road gully systems by visual inspections,
however this method only allows
the detection of gross damages in the
area of the road surface and in the
upper part of the corpus, and an explicit
statement concerning the leak tightness
of the road gully (SB) and the waterless
corpus above the sludge space (SS)
cannot be made.
Connection sewers are inspected both
via road gullies and public sewers (see
Figure 9). The TV-satellite camera is
mainly used out of sewers (86 per cent).
In 14 per cent of cases, the inspection of
connection sewers is carried out by reflection
out of the sewer.
Leak tightness testing
Only ten per cent of the local authorities
carry out leak tightness testing at road
gullies after road construction. The lack of
leak tightness testing has been attributed
to a lack of experience, and a lack of special
guidelines, rules and standards.
Types of damages of road gullies
As shown in Figure 10, the most common
form of road gully damage is positional
Figure 10.
Documentation
Figure 11.
Figure 12. Figure 13. Figure 14.
deviations of the top (30 per cent) and
congestions (26 per cent). Broken frames
are the next most common type of damage
(15 per cent), followed by leakages in
the wall area (14 per cent), and leakages
in the bottom area (7 per cent).
Documentation
Only 35 per cent of local authorities
document the actual state of road gullies
(see Figure 11).
This result means that the majority (65
per cent) of the local authorities do not
have records of the state of road gullies,
which are important for future planning.
Number of defective road gullies
Figures 12 and 13 show the distribution
of defective road gullies SB and SS.
Of the 68 per cent of the local authorities
who responded in full to this question,
13 per cent make an average damage
potential for SB and 17 per cent for SS.
The statistical spread of the number of
damages is very wide-ranging there,
ranging from less than 1 per cent to
55 per cent. This data is not based on
results of inspections that were carried
Figure 18. Figure 19. Figure 20.
out, but on a subjective assessment by
network operators. Provided that only data
of network operators is taken into account,
it shows damage potential of between 40
per cent and 55 per cent.
Rehabilitation of road gully systems
Questions in the final section of the survey
dealt with rehabilitation procedures,
techniques, practised rehabilitation strategies
and accruing costs.
Reason for launching
rehabilitation action
The main reasons for launching rehabilitation
action of road gullies were
positional deviations of the top (43 per cent)
and broken frames (19 per cent) (see
Figure 14). This may relate to the fact that
positional deviations on the road surface
are recorded within the scope of sewer
rehabilitation and maintenance and that
they require urgent remedial action due to
the risk of endangering traffic.
The main reasons for launching rehabilitation
action of sewers are ingrown
roots (20 per cent) and congestions
(17 per cent), as well as pipe fractures and
collapses (19 per cent) (see Figure 15).
Rehabilitation procedures of road
gullies and connection sewers
The rehabilitation of road gullies was
carried out by repair (48 per cent) and
replacement (52 per cent) (see Figure 16).
In the course of rehabilitation action of
connection sewers, renovation (13 per cent)
took place in addition to repair (44 per
cent) and replacement (43 per cent) (see
Figure 17).
Repair of road gully systems
The predominant reasons for repair
measures of road gullies were positional
deviations/settlement of the top (33 per
cent), followed by broken frames and
leakages due to rust (24 per cent), and
bursting joints (14 per cent). Ingrown
roots, congestions, and other damages
played a minor part with a percentage of
less than 10 per cent (see Figure 18).
The most frequent reasons for launching
repair measures of connection sewers
were pipe fractures (21 per cent), ingrown
roots (19 per cent), and the formation of
shatter cracks (16 per cent). Altogether,
these constitute a share of more than
50 per cent (see Figure 19).
Replacement of road gully systems
The most common reasons for launching
replacement action of road gully
systems are road renewals or road
reconstructions (39 per cent), sewer
replacement (32 per cent), and severe
damages to road gullies (29 per cent), for
example cracks or positional deviations
(see Figure 20).
Concerning replacement measures of
road gullies, there is a clear trend in favour
of the SB type (66 per cent). The SS type
is employed only half as often.
Number and costs
The number of repairs and replacements
of road gullies launched strongly
depends both on the size of the
local authority and the number of the
installed road gullies. On average, 182
road gullies are repaired and 105 road
gullies are renewed annually per local
authority.
The survey showed that the costs of
replacement are more than twice as
high for road gullies than for repair. The
replacement of a road gully represents the
most cost-intensive recovery procedure
with a maximum of €1,500 and an average
of €1,000. In comparison, the repair of a
road gully is cheaper and amounts to an
average of about €450.
Summary
Based on the results of the survey,
15.2 million road gully systems exist in
Germany, with an average of 15 per cent
of these showing defects. This translates
to 2.2 million defective road gullies across
Germany. Based on the rehabilitation
costs for SB and SS road gullies, it would
cost €1.63 billion to repair the 2.2 million
defective road gullies.
The results of the survey confirm that
the maintenance of road gully systems in
drain and sewer networks is a necessity,
otherwise the already known technical,
ecological and economical defects of
sewer systems will shift their damage
consequences to gully systems.
This article is an edited version of UNITRACC's Survey on the Condition of Road Gully Systems in Germany
(Part 2). For more information, acknowledgements and references please see the original. All graphics are
sourced from S & P Consult.
Did you miss Part 1? Visit www.trenchlessinternational.com and enter ‘road gully’ in the search field.
Industry review
April 2010 - Trenchless International
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57

Chemically restoring
pipeline position
By Masahi Komura, Koichi Araki, Hideki Shimada, Takashi Sasaoka,
Kikuo Matsui and Takahisa Tomii
Current renewal methods for pipelines and culverts are very effective for pipe function decline and accident
prevention, but offer little in the way of rehabilitating meandering and slacks of pipes. Continually expanding
urbanisation means that restoring pipeline position using open cut methods has become less desirable, and as
such has led to the development of new pipeline position restoration technologies, such as the chemical injection
method.
Figure 5. Sludge discharge.
Comparison between prediction and the result of site investigation
Item Prediction Result
Setting depth of injection pipe Gl-6.1 Metres Gl-6.1 Metres
Number of pipe 14 14
Injection amount 8,147 Litres 8,304 Litres
Industry review
April 2010 - Trenchless International
Pipe renewal methods
One of the main causes of meandering
and slacks is a lack of ground support.
The pipelining renewal methods as shown
in Figure 1 are all unable to repair the
shrunk diameter or slacks of a pipeline as
none of these lining methods were effective
for ground improvement underneath
the pipeline. Figure 2 shows a pipeline
after renewal construction.
Restoring pipeline position
A technique commonly used for the
improvement of subsided constructions is
ground upheaval with injection grouting.
However, it is difficult to define the amount
of the injection grouting material that is
necessary for position restoration of the
pipeline, the shape of the pipe, and the
impact to adjacent structures.
To overcome these problems, a new
method has been developed that involves
making a guide space formed primarily in
the direction that the pipeline needs to be
moved before construction. This process
involves building casing pipes and a feeding
pipe for injection grout. The feeding
pipe is set at the guide space location.
After pressurised slurry is sprayed from
the feeding pipe to disturb the ground, the
pipeline position may be improved.
This technique requires the consideration
of drilling diameter, soil conditions,
and the arrangement of the form and
placement intervals of the feeding pipes.
A suitable injection material requires a
gelling time of around ten seconds with no
change in strength, volume or weight after
the injection. In cases of position restoration
by grouting, a grouting material that
uses two liquids, such as cement and
sodium silicate, may be used. After each
component is injected by a grouting pump
into a guide space, both components
are mixed in the same volume. However
Renewal
Method
Indepenent
Pipe
Compound
Pipe
Bilayer
Structure
Reversal
Formation
Production
Reversal
Formation
Guide Pipe
Figure 1. Classification of the renewal
methods.
there are few materials that satisfy these
requirements of cutting, mixing, and gelling.
Moreover when using a pump, the
injection performance and gelling time of
the grouting material are not satisfied at
the same time.
Thus, a new grouting material that suits
the restoration method of the pipeline
position via grouting was developed along
with a method that enables the selection
of the discharge quantity of different types
of grouting material.
These days the extent of restoration
and injection quantity of grouting materials
is determined in advance, and
optimal length and depth of injection are
determined prior to construction. Figures
3 – 6 show the application procedures
for the restoration method. After adopting
the restoration method, snake-advancing
Figure 3. Guide casing pipe setting.
Figure 2. Illustration of pipeline after
renewal construction.
and slack were rehabilitated with the
underpinning effect and increased ground
strength. Figure 7 shows the image of the
soil condition after restoration.
Measurement of snake-advancing
and slack
When restoring the position of a pipeline,
an accurate survey of the location of
the pipeline is typically required before
developing a detailed layout of the restoration
plan.
The measurement of the existing position
is performed by optical survey and,
where man-entry is possible, by manual
logging with results contributing to
background information for the restoration
plan. However, in the case of gas
Figure 4. Chemical injection for preliminary
soil compaction.
Figure 6. Main injection for restoration.
or small conduit pipes when man-entry
is not possible, two kinds of devices are
used. The first is a camera with a survey
instrument attached which is inserted into
the pipe to measure its depth, as shown
in Figure 8. The second is a device which
directly measures the top positions of
the pipeline as shown in Figure 9. This
top position measurement system has
been developed by the Department of
Earth Resources Engineering at Kyushu
University.
The top position measurement system
involves preparing the casing pipe by
drilling down to the pipe with pressurised
slurry. The sprayed slurry is pumped from
a tank on the surface and excavates and
liquefies the soil, which is then continuously
sucked from the casing pipe. After
the hole has been extended to the top of
the pipe a measuring rod is inserted into
Figure 9. Measurement system for position
of pipeline.
Figure 7. Image of the soil condition after
construction.
the drilled hole and the magnetised tip is
set on top of the pipeline. This ability to
establish existing conditions prior to construction
works has resulted in improved
site execution and management.
Amount calculation of restoration
method construction
When planning restoration and construction
works, it is necessary to calculate
the amount of injection.
Step one: determining the
injection depth
It is necessary to consider upheaval
pressure to ensure appropriate planning
when determining the injection depth for
the restoration constructions. A pulse
injection is adopted because ground
upheaval can be easily monitored and
controlled, making it easier to repair the
damaged pipes.
It is assumed that the effect of the pulse
injection is defined as a cone, the centre
of which is defined as the outflow point of
the injection hole. The height and width of
the cone are the distance from the centre
to the real arrival points of the grouting
material, as shown in Figure 11. It is supposed
that the injection pressure of the
grouting is acting within the range of the
cone as mentioned above. For example, if
the upheaval is measured 0.15 MPa at an
injection depth of 10 metres and the radius
of the cone is 10 metres, the vertical angle
is 60 degrees. If the upheaval pressure is
defined as the pressure required project
from the pipeline, the injection depth is
determined as follows.
D= d 1 + d 2 (1)
Figure 8. Image of the water level
measurement, gauge, and recording
paper.
Where D, d 1 , and d 2 are the injection
depth, sum of overburden of the pipeline
and diameter of the pipeline, and distribution
depth of the pulse of the chemical
grouting, respectively, d 2 is calculated
as follows;
(a) If the effective range of the pressure
is acted in 1/3 of the injection effective
radius,
d 2 = d 1 /2 (2)
(b) If the effective range of the pressure
is acted in 1/4 of the injection effective
radius,
d 2 = d 1 /3 (3)
Step two: calculating the number of
casing pipes
The number of casing pipes that are
used for the injection to repair the pipelines
is determined as follows.
N= 2n (4)
N, L, and L3 are the number of casing
pipes, distance of the restoration, and the
interval of casing pipes respectively. n
is calculated as n= L / L3. The arrangement
of casing pipe differs depending on
whether the pipeline is a concrete pipe
or a pvc pipe. When concrete pipes are
used, casing pipes are set up at the joints
of the each of the pipelines.
Step three: calculating the grouting
material per pipe
The distribution of the grouting materials
resulting from the injection site experiment
is shown in Figure 12. From this result, it
is supposed that the circular cone of the
hatching part of the cylinder in Figure 13 is
the range that grouting materials are uniformly
distributed. It is also assumed
Industry review
April 2010 - Trenchless International
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59

Industry review
Figure 10. Upheaval pressure outbreak
range.
Figure 12. Distribution of the grouting
materials.
Figure 11. Injection range of grouting
material.
that the other part of the cylinder is the
consolidated range of infiltration of the
grouting. Therefore, the volume of the circular
cone is determined as follows;
V= (tan30°) 2 d 2
3 π (5)
V is the amount of injected grouting
material and d 2 is the distribution depth
of the pulse of injection of the grouting
material.
Step four: amount of injection for
each pipe
The amount of injection for each pipe
is calculated as the multiplication of V,
porosity and the injection rate. The injection
rate is defined as the percentage
of the real amount of injection in relation
to the porosity of soil. As such the total
amount of injection is calculated as the
multiplication of the amount of injection
of each pipe and the number of injection
pipes. Table 1 shows an example of the
calculation for the amount of injection for
restoring a sewage pipe. The condition of
the site is as follows;
Diameter of pipes: 200 mm
Type of pipes: pvc pipe
Soil condition: cohesive soil, N value = 3
Porosity: 70 per cent
Overburden: 4.1 metres
Length of restoration pipe length:
15.0 metre
Maximum height of restoration:
60 mm
An example of successful pipeline
position restoration
This method of restoring pipeline slacks
via chemical injection was applied to a
46.2 metre section of an 800 mm diameter
pipeline. The pipeline was situated in
sandy soil with an N value of 1–3 and had
an overburden load of 9.5 metres due to
inadequate support of the surrounding
soil. Restoration using the chemical injection
method saw the pipeline successfully
lifted approximately 1,000 mm.
This article has been adapted from a paper by
Masashi Komura, Koichi Araki, Hideki Shimada,
Takashi Sasaoka, Kikuo Matsui and Takahisa Tomii
from the Department of Earth Resrouces Engineering,
Kyushu University, Fukuoka and Fuso Technology
Co. Ltd., Tokyo Japan. Please refer to the original for
more detailed information and references.
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the international society for trenchless technology
April 2010 - Trenchless International
Contacts and Addresses of Affiliated Societies
AATT
Osterreichische Vereinigung
fur grabenloses Bauen und
Instandhalten von Leitungen (OGL)
Schubertring 14A-1015 Wien
AUSTRIA
Tel: +43 1 513 15 88/26
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FSTT
4 rue des Beaumonts
F-94120 Fontenay Sous Bois
FRANCE
Tel: +33 1 53 99 90 20
Fax: +33 1 53 99 90 29
Email: fstt.paris@wanadoo.fr
www.fstt.org
Chairman: Patrice Dupont (President)
Executive Director: Dominique Guillerm
(dguillerm.fstt@aliceadsl.fr)
Int. Representative: Jean-Marie Joussin
(jeanmarie.joussin@hobas.com)
General Secretary: Christian Legaz
(christian.legaz-avr@wanadoo.fr)
Treasurer: Jérôme Aubry
(jaubry@chantiers-modernes.fr)
GSTT
Messedamm 22
D-14055 Berlin
GERMANY
Tel: +49 30 3038 2143
Fax: +49 30 3038 2079
Email: beyer@gstt.de
www.gstt.de
Chairman: Prof. Dipl-Ing Jens Hoelterhoff
Member Secretary: Dr Klaus Beyer
Secretary: Dr Klaus Beyer
Int. Representative: Dr Klaus Beyer
No-Dig 2011: Dagmar Eichom
IATT
Via Ruggero Fiore, 41
00136 Rome
ITALY
Tel: +39 06 39721997
Fax:+39 06 91254325
Email: iatt@iatt.it
www.iatt.it
Chairman: Paolo Trombetti
(paolo.trombetti@telecomitalia.it)
Member Secretary: Françoise Roccetti Hudebine
(iatt@iatt.it)
Int. Representative: Alessandro Olcese
(2005emanuele@alice.it)
Secretary: Feliciano Esposto
(esposto.feliciano@virgilio.it)
IbSTT
C/ Josefa Valcarcel,
8 – 3a PTLA.
28027 Madrid
SPAIN
Tel: +34 91 418 23 44
Fax: +34 91 418 23 41
Email: ibstt@ibstt.org
www.ibstt.org
Chairman: Alfredo Avello
Member Secretary: Elena Zuniga Alcon
Int. Representative: Alfredo Avello
JSTT
3rd Nishimura BLDG.
2-11-18 Tomioka
Koto-ku
TOKYO, 135-0047
JAPAN
Tel: +81 3 5639 9970
Fax: +81 3 5639 9975
Email: office@jstt.jp
www.jstt.jp
Chairman: Mr Taigo Matsui
(office@jstt.jp)
Executive Secretary: Yoshihiko Nojiri
(nojiri@jstt.jp)
Member Secretary: Kyoko Kondo
(kondo@jstt.jp)
LIATT
V.Gerulaicio str. 1
LT-08200 Vilnius
Lithuania
Tel: +370 5 2622621
Fax: +370 5 2617507
Email: arturas.abromavicius@sweco.lt
Chairman: Arturas Abromavicius (President)
Member Secretary: Arturas Abromavicius
Int. Representative: Arturas Abromavicius
Chairman of Council: Algirdas Budreckas
NASTT
1655 North Fort Myer Drive Ste 700
Arlington
Virginia 22209
USA
Tel: +1 703 351 5252 (US)
+1 613 424 3036 (Canada)
Fax: +1 613 424 3037
(also Membership)
Email: info@nastt.org
www.nastt.org
Chairman &
Int. Representative: Chris Brahler
(cbrahler@tttechnologies.com)
Vice Chairman: George Regula
Treasurer: Kaleel Rahaim
Secretary: Robert Westphal
(Westphal@michels.us)
Executive Director: Mike Willmets
(mwillmets@nastt.org)
Assistant Executive Director:
Angela Ghosh
(aghosh@nastt.org)
ESC Member: Dr Samuel Ariaratnam
NSTT
Postbus 483
2700 AL Zoetermeer
THE NETHERLANDS
Tel: +31 (0)79 3252265
Fax: +31 (0)79 3252294
Email: info@nstt.nl
www.nstt.nl
Chairman: Theo Everaers
(mjceveraers@evenco.nl)
Secretary: Jelle de Boer
(J.deBoer@bouwendnederland.nl)
Int. Representative:Gerard (Gert) Arends
(g.arends@citg.tudelft.nl)
PFTT
25-001 Kielce 1 skr. Poczt. 1453
POLAND
Tel: +48 41 3424 450 (600328459)
Email: akulicz@tu.kielce.pl
www.pftt.pl
Chairman: Andrzej Kuliczkowski
Vice Chairman: Benedykt Lipczynski
Member Secretary: Anna Parka
(parkaa@tu.kielce.pl.)
Int. Representative: Andrzej Kuliczkowski
Secretary: Agata Zwierzchowska
RSTT
Moscow area, Odintsovskii region,
Marfino, 99, 143025,
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Tel: +7 (495) 771 71 00
Fax: +7 (495) 771 71 00
Email: np-robt@mail.ru, robt@co.ru
www.robt.ru
Chairman: Stanislav Khramenkov
Member Secretary: Elena Gusenkova
Int. Representative: Andrey Sinitsyn
SASTT
PO Box 13048
CLUBVIEW
0014
South Africa
Tel: +27 (12) 567 4026
Fax: +27 (12) 567 4026 (ask for Fax)
Email: director@sastt.org.za
www.sastt.org.za
Chairman: Johann Wessels
Honorary Director: Joop van Wamelen
Member Secretary: Joop van Wamelen
SSTT
Box 7072
S-174 07 Stockholm
Sweden
Tel: +46 8 522 122 90
Fax: + 46 8 522 122 02
Email: lennart.berglund@stockholmvatten.se
www.sstt-skandinavien.com
Chairman: Magnar Sekse
(magnar.sekse@bergen.kommune.no)
Vice Chairman: Gerda Hald
(gh@ov.dk)
Secretary (SSTT): Lennart Berglund
(lennart.berglund@stockholmvatten.se)
Member Secretary (Danish):
Tina Juul Madsen (tjm@wtc.dk)
Member Secretary (Norweigan):
Odd Lieng (odd.lieng@rorsenter.no)
Member Secretary (Swedish): Kjell Frödin
(kjell@vretmaskin.se)
UAMTT
9A R.Karmen Str.
Odessa 65044
UKRAINE
Tel: (380 482) 356305
Fax: (380 482) 356305
Email: no_dig@blacksea.od.ua
www.no-dig.odessa.ua
Chairman: Victor Prokopchuk
ESC Member: Olga Martynyuk
(Olga_marty@ukr.net)
UKSTT
38 Holly Walk
Leamington Spa
Warwickshire
CV32 4LY
UK
Tel: +44 (0)1926 330 935
Fax: +44 (0)1926 330 935
Email: admin@ukstt.org.uk
www.ukstt.org.uk
Chairman: Colin Tickle
(admin@ukstt.org.uk)
(Tel: 01926 330 935)
Member Secretary: Val Chamberlain
(admin@ukstt.org.uk)
(Tel: 01926 330 935)
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