MEHE KODU ON MAAILM, NAISE MAAILM ON KODU? - Tartu Ãlikool
MEHE KODU ON MAAILM, NAISE MAAILM ON KODU? - Tartu Ãlikool
MEHE KODU ON MAAILM, NAISE MAAILM ON KODU? - Tartu Ãlikool
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TERVIS JA TÖÖVÕIME HEALTH AND CAPACITY FOR WORK<br />
Hence, we may say that, besides sex, health assessments reveal rather large differences by age,<br />
education, and income.<br />
The social survey involves questions about existing long-term (chronic) illnesses, including<br />
seasonal (such as pollen allergies) and other recurrent problems. In 2010 a total of 39% of men<br />
and 45% of women acknowledged the existence of a long-term illness (see Figure 12). Since<br />
2004 when the social survey was carried out, the proportion of women with a long-term illness<br />
has always exceeded that of men. When viewing men and women with a long-term illness by age<br />
groups it appears that similarly to health assessments, the proportion of women with a long-term<br />
illness is larger than that of men mostly among people over 65. In younger age groups the<br />
number of women with a long-term illness is lower than that of men in the same age group.<br />
77% of men and 84% of women aged over 65 have a long-term illness. The number of people<br />
with a long-term illness exceeds that of the people without a long-term illness starting from the<br />
age of 55.<br />
The proportions of men and women with a long-term illness are virtually equal at the age of<br />
16–24 – 16% of men and 15% of women, respectively. (Figure 12)<br />
A long-term illness may, but does not have to hinder people’s daily routine and activities.<br />
Therefore the number of people, whose daily activities are restricted due to health problems, is<br />
lower than the number of people with a long-term illness. At the age of 16 and older, there are<br />
slightly more women than men whose daily activities are restricted due to health problems. Thus,<br />
27% of men and 33% of women were subject to some extent of restriction in their daily activities<br />
in 2010. When comparing the age groups of men and women, aged 64 or younger, the<br />
distribution of men and women is similar, but among the people older than 65 the differences<br />
between men and women are larger, and namely in favour of men. This means, that<br />
health-related restrictions are less common among men than among women. As for men over<br />
65, there were 62% of men and 70% of women with major or minor health-related restrictions.<br />
A total of 10% of the population have applicable degree of disability or, in other words, official<br />
disability (as of 1 January 2011). Over the last years, the number of disabled people has slowly<br />
but steadily been increasing. While one definite reason for the increase in the number of disabled<br />
people is ageing of the population, the number of disabled people has increased across all age<br />
groups. In the recent years, the increase in the number of disabled persons has partially been<br />
associated with economic difficulties, as disabled people receive social benefit from the state.<br />
Therefore, more and more people have started to register their disabled status.<br />
The proportion of disabled women is somewhat higher than the proportion of disabled men. In<br />
early 2011 a total of 11% of women and 8% of men had official disability. When viewed by age, it<br />
appears that there are actually fewer disabled women than men younger than 62, and the<br />
proportion of disabled women exceeds the proportion of disabled men only in the age group of<br />
63 and older. This is due to the fact that the majority of disabled people belong to this age group<br />
– 67% of disabled women and 46% of disabled men are at the age of 63 or older.<br />
Health behaviour<br />
Health behaviour comprises the activities of people to improve, protect or maintain health,<br />
irrespective of the current health status or whether such behaviour is ultimately objectively<br />
efficient or not (Rahvastiku … 2008). Studies have revealed that men and women use health<br />
services differently (Wilkins et al). Due to biological differences the health problems of men and<br />
women are not identical and are manifested in different way; hence they have a different need for<br />
health services.<br />
Family medical care is ensured for all people with health insurance coverage without additional<br />
self-contribution (Esmatasandi … 2008). According to the survey Health Behaviour among<br />
Estonian Adult Population 2010 (Tekkel and Veideman 2011), medical care is more frequently<br />
used by women than men. Three quarters of women and two thirds of men had visited their<br />
family physician within the 12 months preceding the survey (see Figure 13). During one year,<br />
54<br />
<strong>MEHE</strong> <strong>KODU</strong> <strong>ON</strong> <strong>MAAILM</strong>, <strong>NAISE</strong> <strong>MAAILM</strong> <strong>ON</strong> <strong>KODU</strong>? MAN’S HOME IS THE WORLD, WOMAN’S WORLD IS HER HOME?