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wins this struggle definitively then the soul regains its primordial
virtue and the soul, [now] at peace, can return to God and Paradise.
God says in the Holy Qur’an:
O
you soul at peace! / Return unto your Lord, well-pleased
[yourself] and well-pleasing [unto Him] / So enter you
among My servants! / And enter you My Paradise. (Al-Fajr,
89:27–30).
The soul’s faculties include:
i. sentiment (‘hubb’—see: Al-Ma’idah, 5:54 et al.);
ii. the will (‘iradah’—see: Al-Isra, 17:19 et al.);
iii. the intellect (‘‘aql ’—see: Al-Baqarah, 2:44; 2:75; Al-Mulk, 67:10
et al.);
iv. the faculty of speech (‘kalam’—see: Al-Baqarah, 2:44 and Al-
Rahman, 55:1–4);
v. the faculty of learning and of imitation (‘ta‘allum’—see: Al-‘Alaq,
96:3–5);7
vi. feelings (‘shu‘ur’—see: Al-Shu‘ara’, 26:113);8
vii. the imagination (‘khayal’—see: Ta Ha, 20:66);
viii. the memory (‘dhakira’—see: Yusuf, 12:45);
ix. insight (‘basira’—see: Aal-‘Imran, 3:52; Yusuf, 12:87; Maryam,
19:98; and Al-Anbiya’, 21:12);
x. intuition (‘ihsas’—see: Al-An‘am, 6:104; Al-Tahrim, 66:3; Yusuf,
12:86–87);9
xi. sense (‘inas’—see: Al-Naml, 27:7; Al-Qasas, 28:29).10
(3) The Spirit
Like the word ‘nafs’, the word ‘ruh’ (‘spirit’) has two meanings: the
7 No doubt the faculty of speech and the faculty of learning and of imitation are part
of—or extensions of—the intellect.
8 No doubt feelings are part of—or an extension of—sentiment.
9 No doubt it is insight and intuition which ‘connect’, as it were, the soul to the spirit.
10 No doubt it is sense which ‘connects’, as it were, the soul to the body.
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