NEN 0512 - SNV

STANDARD
NEN 0512
Guidelines for Sint-Nicolaas festivities
Dutch standard
ICS 01.120
December 2010
Standardization: the world in agreement.

Dutch standard
NEN 0512 (en)
Guidelines for Sint-Nicolaas festivities
Replaces NEN 0512:2007 Draft
ICS 01.120
December 2010

NEN 0512:2010
Standards committee 400 512 'Celebration of festivities'
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NEN 0512:2010
Content
Preface ........................................................................................................................................................... 2
1 Subject and scope of application .................................................................................................. 3
2 Normative references ..................................................................................................................... 3
3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................... 3
4 Official version of the Feast of Sint-Nicolaas ............................................................................... 7
5 Guidelines for arrival and departure ............................................................................................. 8
5.1 National arrival .................................................................................................................................. 8
5.2 Local arrival ....................................................................................................................................... 8
5.3 General rules for the arrival.. ............................................................................................................. 8
5.4 The departure of Sint-Nicolaas ......................................................................................................... 9
6 Location and time of the Celebration ............................................................................................ 9
7 Means of transport .......................................................................................................................... 9
7.1 Arrival ................................................................................................................................................ 9
7.2 Local transport ................................................................................................................................... 9
7.3 Greeting ............................................................................................................................................. 9
8 Clothing regulations ..................................................................................................................... 10
8.1 Clothing regulations Sint-Nicolaas .................................................................................................. 10
8.2 Clothing regulations for Pieten ........................................................................................................ 12
9 Methods to determine the authenticity of Sint-Nicolaas ........................................................... 12
9.1 Safeguards ...................................................................................................................................... 12
9.2 Regulations for the confrontation with imposters in the presence of children up to the
age of 6 ........................................................................................................................................... 13
9.3 Regulations for the confrontation with imposters in the presence of children over the age
of 6 and adults ................................................................................................................................. 13
10 Guidelines for the Celebration ..................................................................................................... 14
10.1 Putting the shoe by the chimney ..................................................................................................... 14
10.2 Moving across roofs ........................................................................................................................ 15
10.3 Announcement and arrival of Sint-Nicolaas .................................................................................... 15
10.4 Entry and positioning of Sint-Nicolaas ............................................................................................ 15
10.5 Rituals ............................................................................................................................................. 15
10.6 Poems ............................................................................................................................................. 17
10.7 Surprise gifts ................................................................................................................................... 18
11 Quality assurance and classification of ayxiliary staff ............................................................. 19
11.1 Quality assurance............................................................................................................................ 19
11.2 Appearance ..................................................................................................................................... 19
11.3 Classification ................................................................................................................................... 20
12 Regulations on how to act when credibility is at stake ............................................................. 20
12.1 Dislodging of the beard ................................................................................................................... 20
12.2 Dislodging of the mitre and hair ...................................................................................................... 21
12.3 A fall from the horse ........................................................................................................................ 21
12.4 Recognition of items of clothing ...................................................................................................... 21
Bibliography .................................................................................................................................................... 22
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Preface
In mid 2002, the Ministry of Attention (MoA) and the Ministry of Tradition and Folklore (MoTF) expressed
their wish to standardize the event that takes place on 5 December and has been in existence for centuries.
Although in the course of time a great deal of relevant literature has been accumulated, the Ministries in
question felt the need, in the context of the recently developed Policy on Standards and Values as well as in
light of blurring standards and values in society and on account of the historical and educational nature of the
Sint-Nicolaas tradition, to establish a standard for celebrating the feast of Sint-Nicolaas. Dutch society has
gradually come to realize that things could not continue this way any longer and that, also in the context of
our multicultural society, Sint-Nicolaas was at a risk of being overshadowed by Santa Claus.
Final version
Both NEN and the newly established Ministry of Celebrations (MoC) - a combination of the Ministry of
Attention (MoA) and the Ministry of Tradition and Folklore (MoTF) - attach great value to a proper and orderly
Pakjesavond when presents are unwrapped.
That is why we feel the time is right to issue NEN 0512 in its final form, after having it published as a draft
standard several times. Naturally, this final version includes any comments from the market made to the
most recent draft standard from 2007.
Composition of the standards committee
As an exception, this final version includes the composition of the standards committee at the time of drafting
the standard. This was agreed to show that this standards committee is a representation of the organizations
and interested parties that are involved in the theme in question in the broadest sense and that the standard
is extremely widely supported.
This final version was drawn up by subcommittee 400 51201 'Sint & Piet' and accepted by standards
committee 400 512 'Celebration of Festivities' and, by rare exception, Sint-Nicolaas himself.
BSU
CISFF
ISA
FTBRM
MoA
MoTF
DMS
DBA
DACM
SF
ADRS
SAP
SSTQSP
USGB
SSCN
DSA
Anti-discrimination front
Belgian Sinterklaas Union
Certification Institute for Sweets at Family Feasts
International Steamship Association
Federation of Toys and Birch Rod Manufacturers
Ministry of Attention
Ministry of Tradition and Folklore
Dutch Marzipan Society
Dutch Bakeries Association
Dutch Association of Cookie Manufacturers
Sinterklaas Foundation
Association of Dutch Riding Stables
Society the Anonymous Poem
Society of Suppliers of Top-Quality Sinterklaas Products
Union of Surprise Gift Builders
Society of Scattered Candy in the Netherlands
Dutch Steamship Association
Chocoworks BV, fair-trade chocolate division
Board against harm to children
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Guidelines for Sint-Nicolaas celebration
1 Subject and scope of application
This standard concerns the celebration of Sint-Nicolaas in the Kingdom of the Netherlands and overseas
territories. The standards committee intends to apply for a European secretariat with the CEN (Commitée
Européen de Normalisation) in order to achieve a harmonized European standard. Interest has already been
expressed by Belgium, Luxemburg and Switzerland.
2 Normative references
The following reference documents are indispensable for the application of the standard. When references
are dated, only the quoted version applies. With undated references, the most recent version of the
document (including amendments), in which a particular reference is made, applies
NTA 0612
NTA 0712
NTA 0812
NEN 0912
NPR 1012
NPR 1112
Guidelines for presents and surprise gifts
Guidelines for poems
Guidelines on edifying threats
Collection of Sint-Nicolaas songs
Barber's regulations for Sinterklazen and Zwarte Pieten
Collection of recipes for Sint-Nicolaas festivities
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to the application of this standard.
COMMENT
For the user's convenience, the terms in this standard have not been classified alphabetically.
3.1
Sint-Nicolaas
Bishop of Myra from the region of Lycia in southern Turkey, presumably born in Patara, died on 6 December
342. Canonized and therefore an immortal saint. Has been around for centuries. A unique tradition, which is
why there is only one real Sint-Nicolaas
3.2
Sinterklaas
popular and customary name for Sint-Nicolaas
3.3
saintly man
traditional and popular name for Sint-Nicolaas, which also carries certain expectations about his nature
3.4
snieklaas
slang for Sint-Nicolaas
3.5
Sinterklaas kapoentje
a drunk's expression for Sint-Nicolaas, without any context
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COMMENT 1 A 'kapoen' is a capon. Dark speculations are that Sint-Nicolaas suffered a similar fate, because the
knife slipped at his circumcision (not uncommon in those days). That would explain his love of children, because he
couldn't have any children of his own. The song 'Sinterklaas kapoentje' could originate from ancient groups who were
jealous of the popularity of our Sint-Nicolaas. Through the centuries, the originally mean song was corrupted by naive
children. The reason why the word 'kapoentje' probably remained from the original song is because it rhymes so well with
'schoentje' (shoe). In addition, in certain Dutch dialects the word 'kapoen' or 'kapoentje' can also mean a ladybird.
COMMENT 2 The definition only applies to the Netherlands. In West-Flanders, 'kapoentje' also means 'rascal,
scoundrel or poor soul with a heart of gold' and is considered a very positive word. A man who is not a bit 'kapoen', on
the other hand, is considered to be a colourless person. That is why in West-Flanders it is definitely no sacrilege to sing
'Sinterklaas kapoentje'. On the contrary, a common belief there is that it does the old man credit that after all those years
he is still a bit of a rascal with a twinkle in his eyes.
3.6
Sint
abbreviation of Sint-Nicolaas, usually in combination with 'Piet'
3.7
big children's friend
Sint-Nicolaas, not to be confused with a child molester or ruler in a dictatorial regime; usually pronounced
with a sarcastic undercurrent
3.8
Zwarte Piet
black servant or helper of Sint-Nicolaas, who usually exhibits completely lunatic behaviour or makes a dumb
impression in the presence of a large audience, whether or not acting on the instructions of Sint-Nicolaas
COMMENT Not to be confused with the verb 'zwartepieten' (play old maid), which is a popular card and party game
in certain layers of society.
3.9
Pieterman
the same as Piet, not necessarily a male person, although the suffix does lead people to suspect that such is
the case. Must, however, hide sexual characteristics in loose-fitting garments in order to prevent any
confusion, disorientation and stress among children
COMMENT
goods in kind.
Also linked to money. Not applicable here though, since Sint-Nicolaas does not hand out money but
3.10
crosier
round, thin-walled gold-coloured pipe, at least the height of Sint-Nicolaas, with an elegant curl at the end that
goes around at least twice
COMMENT
Not to be confused with a shepherd's crook.
3.11
birch rod
bunch of birch twigs no longer than 50 cm and held together by a ribbon
COMMENT
Used incidentally by Zwarte Piet to discipline persons who have not behaved as they should.
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3.12
sack
jute bag used for the delivery of presents. Also an item that, after the presents have been delivered, is highly
suitable for carrying people as part of disciplinary measures
3.13
Great Book
a book covered in red velvet, definitely not a former telephone directory, with a gold-coloured brocade
bishop's cross on the cover, in which Sint-Nicolaas records everything that has come to his knowledge
during the past year or that he observed himself and that he uses as a mnemonic device when he addresses
a person invited to come before him
COMMENT 1
Items brought to Sint-Nicolaas' attention by third parties should be adequately original.
COMMENT 2 The level of someone's performance at school or at work is usually adequately known to that person
himself/herself and Sint-Nicolaas and is evidenced by a report mark or evaluation.
3.14
present
a gift from Sint-Nicolaas
3.15
parcel
present in (usually colourful) wrapping
3.16
surprise gift
1) parcel with insinuations;
2) present in disguise, usually with an educational or corrective role
3.17
grey
Sint-Nicolaas' grey horse called Amerigo
COMMENT
Not to be confused with a grey old man who eats little children's sweets.
3.18
chimney
a structure for venting hot flue gases or smoke from a fireplace, which has an open connection to the roof
and is usually covered with a thick layer of soot, through which Zwarte Piet is expected to enter the home in
order to deliver presents by placing them in children's shoes and through which he is supposed to leave
again after completing the aforementioned task
COMMENT 1 According to ancient German popular belief, the chimney also represents the connection between
humans and the heavens where spirits and gods reside; the chimney is used to look into the future and enable the
descent of friendly and evil spirits. According to contemporary understanding, the chimney is the listening post of Sint-
Nicolaas, which is why Sint-Nicolaas knows everything.
COMMENT 2
COMMENT 3
Because of the layer of soot, Zwarte Piet costumes must be washed before every public appearance.
The layer of soot may be one of the reasons why Zwarte Piet has such dark skin.
3.19
Spain
a country that Sint-Nicolaas has never been to
COMMENT A possible reason why Sint-Nicolaas is linked to Spain is because the part of Italy that Bari is a part
of belonged to the Kingdom of Spain for some time. Another reason is that Spain was used to designate a location 'far
far away'.
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3.20
taaitaai
gingerbread
a substance of such a nature that it is difficult to bite off
COMMENT
a bit.
Taaitaai is very popular among children who still have their milk teeth and want to help Mother Nature
3.21
sweets and marzipan
treats brought by Sinter-Nicolaas made from sugar and almonds
3.22
chocolate letter
treat brought by Sint shaped like a letter in the alphabet, made from milk chocolate or dark chocolate and,
optionally, with a hazelnut filling
COMMENT 1
COMMENT 2
The letter should be made from fair-trade chocolate.
The letter should preferably be the recipient's initial.
COMMENT 3 Is also regularly delivered in broken form as a so-called artistic letter and is always received with great
gratitude and surprise, even if one has already received multiple similar items and even if the packaging is extremely
recognizable.
COMMENT 4 Background: in the Middle Ages, eatable dough letters were used in convent schools to teach children
to write. As soon as they could write a letter properly, they were allowed to eat the corresponding bread letter or pastry
letter as a reward. Another explanation could be that people covered Sinterklaas presents with sheets in the 19th
century. On these sheets they placed the first letter of the name of the child for whom the presents were intended.
Chocolate letters were also introduced in the 19th century. German children were given a runic character as a present for
their birth, which was also a good-luck initial. This tradition might be the precursor for the chocolate letter.
3.23
pepernoten
confectionery made from gingerbread batter and spices
COMMENT
Depending on the freshness, pepernoten scattered by Zwarte Pieten can damage children.
3.24
banket
a type of pastry with a marzipan filling, often the topic of Sinterklaas songs
COMMENT
Not to be confused with a gluttonous feast
3.25
borstplaat
fondant made from milk or cream, sugar and aroma such as vanilla or cocoa
COMMENT The best way to spoil your teeth, but nowadays eating this fondant is less harmful to children because
of fluoride treatments at dentists.
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3.26
fondant animal
animal-shaped sweets, made from sugar
COMMENT Tradition from the days that sugar was extracted from sugar cane and was an exclusive product for
special occasions.
4 Official version of the Feast of Sint-Nicolaas
In the third and fourth century, Nicolaas of Myra lived in the region of Lycia in southern present-day Turkey,
which was then part of the Roman Empire.
The bishop of Myra died around 292, after which other bishops gathered together and sent out their prayers
in order to choose his successor. A voice sounded during the night and told them that the first person to
enter the church the next morning would become the new bishop. The next morning, Nicolaas was the first to
enter the church and therefore became the new bishop. He performed his duties for 50 years.
We celebrate the Feast of Sint-Nicolaas on the day that Nicolaas of Myra died. He most likely died on 6
December 342. For saints, the day of their death is celebrated because this is the day of their rebirth. In the
past, the feast started the night before the day of death.
Initially, Nicolaas was buried in Myra, which turned the city into an important place of pilgrimage, resulting in
a flourishing economy. In 1071, the Turks defeated the Byzantines at Mantzikert. Approximately 10 years
later, the entire area was controlled by the Turks.
Around this time, worshipping saints was an important source of income. There came a true run on the
mortal remains of saints and there was a great deal of interest in Nicolaas. In early 1078, three ships from
Bari put to sea with the intention of seizing and transferring Nicolaas' mortal remains to Italy. After a
successful mission, Nicolaas was buried in the Church of Nicolaas that was built especially for that purpose.
Sint-Nicolaas has therefore never been to present-day Spain.
There are various theories about the origin of Zwarte Piet, including the following.
a) Because everyone assumes that Sint-Nicolaas is from Spain, it is believed that, as was customary for
Spanish noblemen, he engaged Moorish servants.
b) When Nicolaas lived in Myra, he bought an Ethiopian little boy in the slave market by the name of Piter,
which is derived from the name Peter.
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c) The Germanic god Wodan rode a white horse through the sky and was always accompanied by two black
ravens. Just like Zwarte Piet, the ravens listened at the chimney so they could tell Wodan about the
mortals' good and evil deeds.
d) There are also legends in which Piet symbolizes the devil or death.
5 Guidelines for arrival and departure
5.1 National arrival
Sint-Nicolaas arrives in the Netherlands on the second or third Saturday in November and this welcome is
covered by radio and television media. Sint-Nicolaas arrives in a port town in the Netherlands, a different one
each year, or a city or town situated on a river that can be navigated and is deep enough for Sint-Nicolaas'
steamship.
Sint-Nicolaas arrives by steamship. In exceptional cases, Sint-Nicolaas arrives on a ship that generates its
power in another way, but the shape and appearance of the ship must be in accordance with the original
design of the steamship. After Sint-Nicolaas disembarks, he rides around the town or city in which he arrives
on a horse, hereinafter to be referred to as the ‘grey’. After the ride, Sint-Nicolaas returns to his ship to rest,
not surprising at his old age.
5.2 Local arrival
The local arrival of Sint-Nicolaas at the same time as the national arrival is not allowed. Clever little children
who can calculate how long it takes for Sint-Nicolaas to go from one location to another should be taken into
account when scheduling the local arrival. A time-span between the national and local arrivals should
preferably be at least equal to the time needed to drive the respective distance by car. If a local arrival by
helicopter or another fast mode of transportation is chosen, the time-span can be reduced by 50%. Major
differences in the manner of clothing and conduct of Sint-Nicolaas and his entourage must also be avoided.
A date at least one week after the national arrival of Sint-Nicolaas is preferable.
5.3 General rules for the arrival
Both nationally and locally, Sint-Nicolaas is welcomed by the local mayor. The mayor wears his chain of
office in order to affirm the official nature of the welcome given to Sint-Nicolaas.
The mayor should preferably be accompanied by one or more aldermen involved in culture and welfare. After
all, Sint-Nicolaas did not come alone either.
Other (local) government agencies, such as the fire brigade and police department will render their
assistance spontaneously. Sint-Nicolaas is welcomed at the town hall. If there is no town hall, due to a
municipal redivision, the welcome can be moved to a local public building that has a good reputation.
Charging admission for the welcome of Sint-Nicolaas is forbidden.
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During the time that it takes for Sint-Nicolaas to cross the distance between the place of arrival and the town
hall, he is to be preceded by a local brass band that performs music from the official NEN 0912 songbook.
5.4 The departure of Sint-Nicolaas
After the eve of 5 December, Sint-Nicolaas will leave for Spain by steamship and can be accompanied by
those people who according to Sint-Nicolaas qualify for temporary deportation in the sack (for negative or
positive reasons).
6 Location and time of The Celebration
Between the time of the national arrival and 5 December, a shoe can be placed by the chimney on one or
several occasions, as described in 10.1. The frequency of shoe placement will be determined by the adults
of the family. Minors do not have a say in the matter.
Sint-Nicolaas celebrations should preferably take place in a family circle. The time for celebrations is the eve
of 5 December from 6 p.m. onwards, hereinafter referred to as Sinterklaas Eve. If circumstances require the
celebration of Sinterklaas Eve two or more times, for example, in families with divorced parents, this should
take place between three days prior to the official date and three days after Sinterklaas Eve at the latest.
Sint-Nicolaas cannot be expected to adjust the logistics of his organization in such a way as to guarantee
Sinterklaas Eve at any other time. Also see Section 11.
COMMENT If celebrations take place after Sinterklaas Eve, the fact that Sint-Nicolaas will no longer be able to
make any personal visits should be taken into account, because the steamship that brings him to the Netherlands every
year, departs for Spain again on 6 December.
7 Means of transport
7.1 Arrival
Sint-Nicolaas officially arrives in the Kingdom of the Netherlands by steamship directly from Spain. Arrival by
airplane is allowed for the overseas territories.
7.2 Local transport
During official appearances, Sint-Nicolaas rides a grey horse. Using ponies in this respect is not permitted
because it would be detrimental to the dignified appearance of Sint-Nicolaas.
Other means of transport may be used locally provided they do not affect the dignified character of and the
necessary respect for Sint-Nicolaas. Sint-Nicolaas, or the Transport Piet or Directions Piet appointed by him,
will decide whether other means of transport mentioned before are appropriate.
COMMENT The sentence "The dignity of Sint-Nicolaas does not allow him to travel by public transport" as included
in the draft version was omitted in this final version following rightful comments from the market.
7.3 Greeting
During his outdoor movements, Sint-Nicolaas will wave at crowds in the same way as the royal family.
When making public appearances, Sint-Nicolaas will also pay sufficient attention to children who flock
towards him and he will do so in a dignified manner, even if these children are not part of the target group
that he is visiting.
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8 Clothing regulations
8.1 Clothing regulations Sint-Nicolaas
8.1.1 General
Sint-Nicolaas will at all times wear the standardized clothing described below. Deviating models or colours
are only permitted in the explicit situations described in the paragraphs below.
Sint-Nicolaas will only appear in full regalia. Appearing in public without being in full regalia is not permitted.
White, crimson and gold are the only colours that Sint-Nicolaas may wear.
8.1.2 Undergarments
8.1.2.1 Robe
Sint-Nicolaas should wear a white slip made of cotton or silk that ends no more than 100 mm above the
ankle. This slip is hereinafter referred to as a robe. The robe should be trimmed with lace.
8.1.2.2 Shoes
Sint-Nicolaas should wear black low model shoes. These shoes may only be worn by Sint-Nicolaas during
public appearances and may not be worn when off-duty.
8.1.2.3 Rope
Around his waist, Sint-Nicolaas should wear a rope. This gold-coloured rope, which accentuates the humble
origins of Sint-Nicolaas and suggests a connection with a monk's habit, should preferably be made of silk or
cotton with frayed brush-like ends.
8.1.2.4 Bishop's cross
Around his neck, Sint-Nicolaas should wear a bishop's chain with a cross. The cross should preferably be set
with rubies. In connection with the personal safety of Sint-Nicolaas, imitation rubies may be used.
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8.1.3 Outer garments
8.1.3.1 Gloves
Sint-Nicolaas should at all times wear white gloves made of cotton or silk that are sufficiently long to prevent
bare skin from being visible in combination with the coat and robe.
8.1.3.2 Ring
Sint-Nicolaas wears a bishop's ring with a ruby on top of the glove. This is what makes Sint-Nicolaas a
bishop.
8.1.3.3 Beard
Sint-Nicolaas has a beard, white or off-white in colour that covers his face and that is between 350 mm and
500 mm long measured from the upper lip. This beard must remain suitably attached to Sint-Nicolaas’ face
for the entire duration of public appearances. Any elastic bands and other tools to guarantee this attachment
should be subjected to breaking and endurance testing well before 5 December.
The beard must be combed neatly in advance and should preferably be made from real hair. A beard made
from another material is allowed, provided that Sint-Nicolaas maintains his dignified appearance. Sint-
Nicolaas looking as if he has put his fingers into a wall socket or appearing to have just awoken from a deep
sleep should be avoided at all times.
8.1.3.4 Hair
Sint-Nicolaas should have wavy hair with curls, so-called locks, in the same colour and made from the same
material as the beard referred to in 8.1.3.3.
8.1.3.5 Mitre
Sint-Nicolaas must at all times wear his bishop's mitre, which should be made from the same material and in
the same colour combination as the coat referred to below in 8.1.3.7. A gold-coloured brocade cross may be
used to decorate the front centre of the mitre. The mitre should only be taken off when the height of a door to
be entered is too low to guarantee the dignified arrival and departure of Sint-Nicolaas. In such instances, this
mitre should be handed to Zwarte Piet, who will take charge of the mitre and hand it back to Sint-Nicolaas
after he has passed through the door.
8.1.3.6 Crosier
Sint-Nicolaas leans on his crosier, which is made from gold-coloured piping and has a double curl at the top.
When Sint-Nicolaas moves around, he should only do so with the crosier in either his left or right hand. Sint-
Nicolaas should use his other hand to wave at people as referred to above in this standard. The crosier may
not be used as a weapon to stab or strike people after they have subjected Sint-Nicolaas to authenticity
tests.
8.1.3.7 Coat
Sint-Nicolaas should wear a wide coat of dark red velvet, trimmed with gold-coloured brocade. The type of
decoration may vary. The top of the coat should be held together with a gold-coloured chain with a goldcoloured
clasp.
8.1.3.8 Glasses
As Sint-Nicolaas is old and reading might be difficult for him, glasses of a modest type are allowed. The type
of glasses worn by Harry Potter is preferred. Glasses that could belong in Elton John's collection are not
allowed.
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8.2 Clothing regulations for Pieten
8.2.1 General – Colour combination
Zwarte Pieten are dark black and have an even skin tone. Sint-Nicolaas should only surround himself with
Pieten who do not run any risk of colour variations. Every Piet must be dressed immaculately and have
sufficient tan in order to prevent any difference in colour intensity in any spot.
8.2.2 Costume
Every Zwarte Piet must wear a colourful outfit. Preferably, every Piet in Sint-Nicolaas' entourage should wear
clothes with a different base colour. Zwarte Piet costumes should guarantee complete freedom of movement,
which is why they may wear shorts over black tights. The costume should preferably be made from velvet
and trimmed with gold-coloured brocade decorations. The costume should include a beret in the same
colours, trimmed with brocade and preferably with a colourful feather.
In addition, every Zwarte Piet should wear black gloves.
8.2.3 Shoes
Zwarte Piet preferably wears black shoes. Sports shoes are also allowed provided that the brand name is not
too visible in order to prevent commercialization of the feast of Sint-Nicolaas.
9 Methods to determine the authenticity of Sint-Nicolaas
9.1 Safeguards
Since there is only one Sint-Nicolaas, there must be safeguards to expose imposters. The following points
can be used to determine non-authenticity:
a) Sint-Nicolaas is not dressed according to the regulations;
b) Sint-Nicolaas does not deport himself with the required all-important dignity;
c) Sint-Nicolaas has been drinking and is slurring his words;
d) Sint-Nicolaas does not observe the necessary precautions after his departure to allow him to disappear
into anonymity;
e) Sint-Nicolaas wears shoes that are too recognizable;
f) Without any reason, Sint-Nicolaas swears that he is the one and only Sint-Nicolaas;
g) Sint-Nicolaas is insufficiently familiar with the songs in the NEN 0912 songbook.
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9.2 Regulations for the confrontation with imposters in the presence of children up to the
age of 6
In the event of a confrontation with one or more imposters, Sint-Nicolaas must at all times ensure that he
maintains the necessary dignity. If a large number of items referred to under 9.1 have been complied with, a
short reference to his own authenticity should be enough to convince those present, and imposters should
be paid as little attention as possible. Depending on how deplorable the state of an imposter is, a decision
may be made to designate said imposter as an Assistant Sinterklaas. Prudence is called for here. If
necessary, a test of the knowledge of lyrics in the NEN 0912 songbook can be used to resolve the situation.
9.3 Regulations for the confrontation with imposters in the presence of children over the
age of 6 and adults
In this case, Sint-Nicolaas must prove that he is the one and only and is required to expose any imposters.
Anything is permitted in this respect, provided that only the items belonging to the Sint-Nicolaas outfit are
used, excluding the crosier (see 8.1.3.6). This means that the rope may be used to tie up the imposter and
that the birch rod may be used as a striking weapon.
Objects handed by others may not be used.
Since the real Sint-Nicolaas is a saint and has higher powers on his side, relying on the assistance of Zwarte
Pieten should not be necessary. Sint-Nicolaas must expose any imposter on his own without any help. If the
costume of Sint-Nicolaas becomes damaged, his clothing must be mended and his beard and hair tidied
before he can resume appearing in public.
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10 Guidelines for The Celebration
10.1 Putting the shoe by the chimney
10.1.1 General
Between the date of the national arrival and 5 December, children may put their shoe by the chimney once or
several times with the intention of receiving (mainly) small presents from Sint-Nicolaas for good behaviour
prior to the celebration. Only minors qualify in this respect.
10.1.2 Location and position of the shoe
The following guidelines apply to the location and position of the shoe.
— The shoe should be placed near a fireplace with a flue, in the evening.
In the absence of a flue, the shoe can be placed near an outside door.
— Putting a shoe near a radiator is considered to be completely pointless and inexplicable and is therefore
not advised.
— It is advisable to avoid spots with under floor heating in order to prevent the spoiling of edible presents
and great disappointment as a result.
10.1.3 Model and design of the shoe
The following guidelines apply to the model and design of the shoe to be placed.
— Putting a large shoe by the chimney out of greed has an adverse effect. Sint-Nicolaas immediately
recognizes this behaviour and will do the opposite of what was intended.
— A right or left shoe may be used. Sint-Nicolaas does not have a preference in this respect. Zwarte Pieten
are not left-handed or right-handed, they are just clumsy.
— Boots may be used provided the shaft height is less than 200 mm. The reason for this is that anything
higher would complicate the work of Zwarte Pieten and would also entail the suggestion of the first item in
this list.
10.1.4 Acts
Shoes should be put by the chimney between 6 p.m. and 9 p.m. Good children are supposed to be in bed
after this time. When putting the shoe by the chimney, the owner of the shoe is expected to sing at least two
Sint-Nicolaas songs.
In view of the unimaginable and wondrous efforts expected from Sint-Nicolaas’ horse during the nights prior
to Sinterklaas Eve and in order to put Sint-Nicolaas in a good mood, it might be a good idea to fill the shoe
with something to eat and/or drink for the horse. This should only include food suitable for a horse, such as
hay or winter carrots. Water for the horse should preferably be placed beside the shoe and not in the shoe.
In view of the manner of movement, beer for Zwarte Piet or other alcoholic beverages as a gesture for Sint-
Nicolaas are considered to be very irresponsible and are therefore not advised.
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10.2 Moving across roofs
During the period prior to Sinterklaas Eve, Sint-Nicolaas and Zwarte Piet move across roofs between
midnight and sunrise on a grey horse in order to enter homes through the chimney or to listen what is going
on in homes to record this in the Great Book.
Higher powers help Sint-Nicolaas and his horse to get upon the roof. They can move from building to
building and through air if necessary. They remain completely in balance on the roof, regardless of the shape
or cover of the roof.
Pieten are deemed to be naturally limber and acrobatic enough, or to achieve this through training, in order
to follow Sint-Nicolaas during his night-time journey. Sint-Nicolaas’ night-time journeys should preferably take
place when the moon is shining through the trees in order to guarantee clear visibility.
10.3 Announcement and arrival of Sint-Nicolaas
Sint-Nicolaas will only enter a home through the front door if there is no chimney or fireplace. Sint-Nicolaas
will announce his arrival by having his Zwarte Pieten knock on the outside door in advance or by having
them throw sweets at those present without being visible and only recognizable by a gloved hand. Ringing
the doorbell prior to entering a building is not allowed, as those present are already expecting Sint-Nicolaas'
arrival.
10.4 Entry and positioning of Sint-Nicolaas
On entry, Sint-Nicolaas must be addressed by the host of the company who has been designated for that
purpose. He must express that they are very honoured by this personal visit.A reference may be made to
previous visits throughout the years, provided that this does not evoke any traumatic experiences for the
children.
Subsequently, the host must offer Sint-Nicolaas a prominent place among the company. Sint-Nicolaas will
only sit in chairs with a seat height of at least 450 mm or higher and with an adequately robust construction.
Offering Sint-Nicolaas a so-called 'easy chair' is not allowed, nor is Sint-Nicolaas allowed to sit on a sofa. A
so-called 'love seat' is permitted, provided that there are no other persons on it at the time.
10.5 Rituals
10.5.1 Sweets for scattering
Sweets for scattering must be composed in a proportion of 40% pepernoten, 20% kruidnoten, 20%
meringues and 20% other, provided that they are edible and have a sweet flavour. Scattering must take
place upon Sint-Nicolaas' arrival, in abundant fashion, halfway through the visit and upon departure.
Enough distance must be taken into account in order to prevent serious injuries caused by scattered sweets.
Sweets must be scattered with an underarm throw. Frontal and straight-line throwing of the sweets is not
allowed.
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10.5.2 Being addressed by Sint-Nicolaas personally
If one is addressed by Sint-Nicolaas personally, the following regulations must be observed:
a) one must always be polite to Sint-Nicolaas;
b) hinting at the authenticity of Sint-Nicolaas is not allowed;
c) refuting the findings of Sint-Nicolaas is not allowed;
d) if and when required, one must promise Sint-Nicolaas to do better or to change undesired behaviour;
e) one must thank Sint-Nicolaas at all times for his wise counsel, any clemency or present;
f) one must always look fearful of being taken away to Spain, even if one is positively inclined towards this.
10.5.3 The contact between Sint-Nicolaas and children up to the age of 6
If a child up to the age of 6 is invited by Sint-Nicolaas to touch him, shake his hand or perform a song, the
parents must render full and unconditional cooperation.
Requests from parents insisting that their children go up to Sint-Nicolaas must be turned down flatly by Sint-
Nicolaas. Sint-Nicolaas determines whom he wishes to address and will furthermore act wisely in deciding
what is good for the child from a pedagogic point of view.
If a child is anxious or tends to cry tears of happiness because of the personal visit from Sint-Nicolaas, he or
she must preferably be left alone in order to allow them to deal with this experience on their own. In such
emotional situations, Zwarte Piet should refrain from slipping the child some sweets, as this usually has a
counterproductive effect.
10.5.4 Handing out and accepting presents
10.5.4.1 Unwrapping and thanking
Each present must be unwrapped with caution. Sint-Nicolaas must be thanked for each present, even if he is
not there in person. In general, in the absence of Sint-Nicolaas, addressing the sky or turning towards any
heat source will suffice; the fireplace is preferred in case of options.
10.5.4.2 Appreciation
Small presents deserve the same appreciation as large presents. When chocolate letters are received, even
when one already has a whole pile, one must express the same enthusiasm as one does for other presents.
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10.5.4.3 Simultaneous unwrapping
Not more than one present may be unwrapped at a time. Unwrapping more presents simultaneously is not
allowed.
10.5.4.4 Songs and music
During Sinterklaas Eve, it is only allowed to sing the songs specified in NEN 0912.
10.5.5 Food and drinks
People should preferably limit themselves to sweet dishes during Sinterklaas Eve. The following products
qualify:
a) aniseed milk and/or cocoa;
b) pastry letter;
c) spiced wine, in moderation, and only for persons over the age of 16;
d) borstplaat;
e) pepernoten;
f) meringues;
g) sweets and marzipan.
Sint-Nicolaas must never be offered food because he is on a strict diet; neither should he be offered any
drinks. Alcoholic drinks are certainly not permitted.
10.6 Poems
10.6.1 Contents
Poems must comply with NTA 0712. Poems must be created personally. Assistance from third parties is not
allowed.
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10.6.2 Legibility and findability
Poems must be drawn up in such a font size that they are legible. A typed poem is preferred, in connection
with the anonymity of the Draft Piet who probably wrote the poem for Sint-Nicolaas.
Poems must be attached firmly to the object that they relate to.
Any hints by those present as to the presumed contents must be avoided as much as possible..
Poems must be read out clearly and with a loud voice. Skipping any passages that the person to whom the
poem is addressed is not approved nor allowed.
Music, if any, must be turned off during the reading of poems.
10.7 Surprise gifts
10.7.1 Theme and materials
The best surprise gifts have a theme. Simply packing a present in cardboard boxes with snippets of paper
just to get rid of waste and without any relation to the contents of the poem should be avoided at all cost.
When selecting materials to make a surprise gift, one should avoid using recognizable materials, such as
local newspapers, which may give away the person who made the surprise gift.
Furthermore, surprise gifts should be clearly identifiable as fake gifts otherwise they may not be unwrapped.
The wrapping paper for presents and surprise gifts must be made of recyclable paper and depict only images
that are related directly or indirectly to Sinterklaas Eve.
10.7.2 Dismantling
Unwrapping should be possible with the use of standard household items. Making surprise gifts that require
the use of electrical equipment to dismantle them is not allowed. Examples of this are pouring a present in
reinforced concrete, which necessitates the use of a jackhammer.
Suggestions by others on how to unwrap the surprise gift should be limited to practical tips only and not
focus on the place and position of any presents, unless the surprise gift contains more than one present and
the person unwrapping it is about to push aside the remnants of the surprise gift.
Any damage to clothing, furniture, floor covering or injury to people present caused by the person
unwrapping the surprise gift should be compensated by the recipient of the present. In case of deliberate
intent and so-called premeditation, Sint-Nicolaas must compensate any damage caused.
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11 Quality assurance and classification of auxiliary staff
11.1 Quality assurance
Although Sint-Nicolaas is unique and one of a kind, has been around for centuries and is an immortal saint,
in view of the size of the target group and the simultaneousness of the celebration of Sinterklaas Eve (also
see Section 6), in some cases a look-alike of both Sint-Nicolaas and Zwarte Piet may be engaged for a
personal visit, hereinafter to be referred to as 'Assistant Sinterklaas' and 'Assistant Piet'. After all, Sint-
Nicolaas cannot make a personal appearance at more than one location at a time.
This should be handled with the utmost care when children up to the age of 6 are involved, as a visit from
Sint-Nicolaas and Zwarte Piet in person on Sinterklaas Eve could either be a highlight in their life or a very
traumatic experience.
Furthermore, given their limited life experience, it is difficult for them to understand that Sint-Nicolaas and
Zwarte Piet cannot be in more than one place at a time; this is usually attributed to the wondrous movement
capacities of Sint-Nicolaas' grey (the horse).
Nevertheless, with a view to keeping the Sint-Nicolaas tradition alive for a broad public, the use of Assistant
Sinterklazen and Assistant Pieten sometimes cannot be avoided.
The statements that apply to Sint-Nicolaas apply to a lesser degree to Zwarte Piet, as there are deemed to
be several Zwarte Pieten anyway. In addition, Zwarte Piet does not have a saint status.
Therefore, part of the group of Zwarte Pieten can be hired as part of Sint-Nicolaas' entourage. Nevertheless,
Assistant Zwarte Pieten are also subject to the regulations stated below.
11.2 Appearance
The following requirements apply to the appearance of Assistant Sinterklazen and Assistant Pieten.
— Assistant Sinterklazen and Assistant Pieten must conform to the requirements of NEN 0512 and at least
comply with the safeguards included in 9.1, 9.2 and 9.3 of this standard.
— Sint-Nicolaas and Zwarte Piet always appear simultaneously. Therefore, an Assistant Sinterklaas and
Assistant Piet are not allowed to make appearances on their own.
— An Assistant Sinterklaas should be accompanied by at least one Assistant Piet, a larger number is
permitted.
— Because Sint-Nicolaas can do anything, he can understand all Dutch dialects. Nevertheless, being a
civilized and saintly man, he only speaks Standard Dutch. Assistant Sinterklazen should therefore speak
only Standard Dutch instead of a dialect, as this would make them easy to recognize as a local imitator.
— Exceptions can be made for the pronunciation of Assistant Pieten. The reason for this is that Pieten are
considered to be eager to learn and are also expected to exhibit more or less silly behaviour and to adapt
to the audience that they are teasing.
— On Sinterklaas Eve, Assistant Sinterklazen and Assistant Pieten must not make an appearance in a
different guise after their work is done.
If an Assistant Horse is used, this horse should have sufficiently slip-resistant hoofs in order to guarantee
enough grip when entering a building via the roof and be immune to stress when appearing in large crowds.
Sint-Nicolaas' own horse already fulfils these requirements.
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11.3 Classification
The following classification furthermore applies to Assistant Sinterklazen and Assistant Pieten who comply
with the requirements of 11.2. For reasons of clarity, in the provisions below, the terms of 'Assistant
Sinterklaas' and 'Assistant Piet' will be considered equivalent to 'Sint-Nicolaas' and 'Zwarte Piet' respectively.
Class 1
a) Sint-Nicolaas and Zwarte Piet are familiar with the contents of NEN 0512.
b) Sint-Nicolaas is experienced in riding a horse.
c) Sint-Nicolaas appears riding on the back of a horse.
d) Sint-Nicolaas pays a visit that lasts at least 30 min.
e) Sint-Nicolaas addresses those present in person and will read from his Great Book.
f) Sint-Nicolaas has the right age and dignity characteristics.
COMMENT Age and dignity characteristics: has a low voice and the necessary facial wrinkles and is therefore
at least 40 years or older. Has a height of at least 1.70 m (measured without the mitre on).
Class 1a
— Sint-Nicolaas and Zwarte Piet are familiar with the contents of NEN 0512.
— Sint-Nicolaas and Zwarte Piet also satisfy at least four of the criteria b to f of class 1, on the
understanding that if criterion c is satisfied, criterion b must be satisfied as well.
Class 1b
— Sint-Nicolaas and Zwarte Piet are familiar with the contents of NEN 0512.
— Sint-Nicolaas and Zwarte Piet also satisfy at least three of the criteria b to f of class 1, on the
understanding that if criterion c is satisfied, criterion b must be satisfied as well.
Class 1c
— Sint-Nicolaas and Zwarte Piet are familiar with the contents of NEN 0512.
— Sint-Nicolaas and Zwarte Piet also satisfy at least two of the criteria b to f of class 1, on the understanding
that if criterion c is satisfied, criterion b must be satisfied as well.
Class 2
— Sint-Nicolaas and Zwarte Piet are only familiar with the contents of NEN 0512.
12 Regulations on how to act when credibility is at stake
12.1 Dislodging of the beard
If the beard is at risk of dislodging, Sint-Nicolaas will simulate a serious coughing fit and will rush towards an
adjacent room with his hand covering his mouth in order to be out of sight of his audience and so that Zwarte
Piet can help him tackle his coughing fit. If the damage has already been done, this must be considered to
be a miracle of Sint-Nicolaas and he must act accordingly by taking the beard off and placing it back again
several times; Sint-Nicolaas is a saint after all.
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12.2 Dislodging of the mitre and hair
A reference to an era of baroque during which it was customary for dignitaries to wear wigs is self-evident
here.
12.3 A fall from the horse
Sint-Nicolaas is not as young as he used to be. In case of a brown horse: this is not Sint-Nicolaas' own horse
and he is therefore not used to this style of riding. If Sint-Nicolaas appears to have died on the spot as a
result of his fall from the horse: "Sint-Nicolaas is an immortal saint and will be back again next year."
12.4 Recognition of items of clothing
Sometimes, Sint-Nicolaas buys items of clothing in shops where regular people go. With regard to shoes, the
provisions of 8.1.2.2 apply.
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Bibliography
Barbarusische kunst, Thomas Slackenmeel, Boucher, The Hague 1960, pages 18-20, in particular the poem
“Sanctus Clausus en Petrus Niger”.
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