efsa-opinion-chromium-food-drinking-water
efsa-opinion-chromium-food-drinking-water
efsa-opinion-chromium-food-drinking-water
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Chromium in <strong>food</strong> and bottled <strong>water</strong><br />
Table H6: Developmental and reproductive toxicity studies with Cr(VI) compounds (continued)<br />
Study* NOAEL LOAEL Effect Reference<br />
Dams exposed prior to mating<br />
Female rats (Druckery)<br />
Oral (<strong>drinking</strong> <strong>water</strong>) 0, 250, 500 and 750 mg<br />
potassium dichromate/L<br />
Day 50 of age for 3 months<br />
X untreated M<br />
Sacrifice F on GD 19<br />
Doses: 0, 45, 89, 124 mg Cr(VI)/kg b.w. per<br />
day (c) - 250 mg/L<br />
45 mg<br />
Cr(VI)/kg<br />
b.w. per day<br />
Dams:<br />
Mortality: 15 % at 500 and 10 % at 750 mg/L.<br />
End of 90 days treatment: all F acyclic and in persistent diestrous<br />
phase, during subsequent 15-20 day mating period, estrous cycles<br />
returned and animals began to mate.<br />
Signif. and dose-related lengthening of estrous cycles.<br />
Dose-related decrease mating and fertility indices.<br />
Dose-related decrease maternal b.w. at end of gestation and b.w. gain<br />
during gestation (stat signif at 2 HD).<br />
Kanojia et al.<br />
(1998)<br />
Litter data:<br />
Dose-related decrease number corpora lutea, implantations, live<br />
fetuses/litter (stat signif at 2 HD).<br />
Dose-related increase resorption frequency (stat signif at 2 HD),<br />
frequency of pre- and post-implantation loss (all doses).<br />
Dose-related decrease placental weights (stat. signif. at 2 HD)<br />
Fetuses:<br />
Dose-related decrease fetal weight (all doses), CRL (stat. signif. at<br />
2 HD).<br />
No gross visceral anomalies.<br />
Signif. increase frequency of drooping wrist and subdermal<br />
hemorrhagic patches (all doses).<br />
Signif. increase frequency kinky tail and short tail at 2 HD.<br />
Dose-related increase frequency reduced caudal ossification (all<br />
doses).<br />
Dose-related increase Cr concentrations in maternal blood, placenta<br />
and fetal tissues.<br />
EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3595 215