efsa-opinion-chromium-food-drinking-water
efsa-opinion-chromium-food-drinking-water efsa-opinion-chromium-food-drinking-water
Chromium in food and bottled water Table H6: Developmental and reproductive toxicity studies with Cr(VI) compounds (continued) Study* NOAEL LOAEL Effect Reference Male reproductive toxicity studies Adult male Sprague Dawley rats Oral (drinking water) 0 or 1000 mg potassium dichromate/L for 12 weeks. - 1000 mg/L 32 mg Cr(VI)/kg b.w. per day Bataineh et al. (1997) Doses: 0 and 32 mg Cr(VI)/kg b.w. per day (b) Mated with untreated females Male Wistar rats Oral (diet) 0, 10 or 20 mg chromium trioxide/ kg b.w. per day. Doses: to 0, 5, 10 mg Cr (VI)/kg b.w. per day (a) 6 days treatment Animals sacrificed 6 weeks after treatment - 10 mg/kg per day CrO 3 5 mg Cr (VI)/kg b.w. per day Inhibitory effect on sexual and aggressive behaviour: reduction number of mounts, increased post-ejaculatory interval, decrease number of M ejaculating, decreased aggressive behaviour towards other M. Decrease b.w., absolute and relative testes, absolute seminal vesicles and preputial gland weights. No effect on fertility of treated M (number pregnant females, implantations or viable fetuses). Increase number of resorptions. No histopathology parformed. Dose-related reduction epididymal sperm counts and increase frequency abnormal sperm. Decrease diameter seminiferous tubules, disruption germ cell arrangement (equivocal given uncertainty in sampling and sectioning methods). Li et al. (2001) EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3595 204
Chromium in food and bottled water Table H6: Developmental and reproductive toxicity studies with Cr(VI) compounds (continued) Study* NOAEL LOAEL Effect Reference Mature male Charles Foster rats Oral (gavage) 0, 20, 40 or 60 mg sodium dichromate/kg b.w. per day for 90 days Doses: 0, 7.9, 15.9, 23.8 mg Cr(VI)/kg b.w. per day (a) - 20 mg sodium dichromate/kg b.w./day 7.9 mg Cr(VI)/kg b.w. per day Lower final b.w. and b.w. gain at 2 HD. Lower mean testis weights, Lower testicular DNA and RNA content reduction seminiferous tubule diameter, reduction Leydig cell populations, degenerative changes in Leydig cells, and reduction. Leydig cell nuclear diameter at 2 HD. Dose-related reduction testicular protein content at all doses. Reduction resting spermatocyte counts at HD. Reduction pachytene spermatocyte counts and stage 7 spermatid counts at 2 HD. Increase testicular cholesterol and decrease succinic dehydrogenase at 2 HD. Decrease 3βΔ5-HSH and serum testosterone at all doses. Adult male swiss mice Oral (drinking water) 0, 1000, 2000, 4000 or 5000 mg potassium dichromate/L, Doses: 0, 53, 106, 212 and 265 mg Cr(VI)/kg b.w. per day (b) for 12 weeks X untreated F (10 days) F sacrificed 1-week after end mating - 1000 mg/L potassium dichromate 53 mg Cr(VI)/kg b.w. per day Reduction b.w. and testis weight at 2000 and 5000 mg/L. Reduction seminal vesicles and preputial glangs weight at 5000 mg/L. Decrease frequency pregnant F at HD. Decrease implantation frequency or number of live fetuses at 2000 and 4000 mg/L Resorptions at 1000 and 5000 mg/L. Chowdhury and Mitra (1995) Elbetieha and Al-Hamood (1997) EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3595 205
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Chromium in <strong>food</strong> and bottled <strong>water</strong><br />
Table H6: Developmental and reproductive toxicity studies with Cr(VI) compounds (continued)<br />
Study* NOAEL LOAEL Effect Reference<br />
Male reproductive toxicity studies<br />
Adult male Sprague Dawley rats<br />
Oral (<strong>drinking</strong> <strong>water</strong>)<br />
0 or 1000 mg potassium dichromate/L for<br />
12 weeks.<br />
- 1000 mg/L<br />
32 mg<br />
Cr(VI)/kg<br />
b.w. per day<br />
Bataineh et al.<br />
(1997)<br />
Doses: 0 and 32 mg Cr(VI)/kg b.w. per<br />
day (b)<br />
Mated with untreated females<br />
Male Wistar rats<br />
Oral (diet)<br />
0, 10 or 20 mg <strong>chromium</strong> trioxide/ kg b.w.<br />
per day.<br />
Doses: to 0, 5, 10 mg Cr (VI)/kg b.w. per<br />
day (a)<br />
6 days treatment<br />
Animals sacrificed 6 weeks after treatment<br />
- 10 mg/kg per<br />
day CrO 3<br />
5 mg Cr<br />
(VI)/kg b.w.<br />
per day<br />
Inhibitory effect on sexual and aggressive behaviour: reduction<br />
number of mounts, increased post-ejaculatory interval, decrease<br />
number of M ejaculating, decreased aggressive behaviour towards<br />
other M.<br />
Decrease b.w., absolute and relative testes, absolute seminal vesicles<br />
and preputial gland weights.<br />
No effect on fertility of treated M (number pregnant females,<br />
implantations or viable fetuses).<br />
Increase number of resorptions.<br />
No histopathology parformed.<br />
Dose-related reduction epididymal sperm counts and increase<br />
frequency abnormal sperm.<br />
Decrease diameter seminiferous tubules, disruption germ cell<br />
arrangement (equivocal given uncertainty in sampling and sectioning<br />
methods).<br />
Li et al. (2001)<br />
EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3595 204
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