efsa-opinion-chromium-food-drinking-water
efsa-opinion-chromium-food-drinking-water
efsa-opinion-chromium-food-drinking-water
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Chromium in <strong>food</strong> and bottled <strong>water</strong><br />
Table H5: Repeated dose toxicity studies with Cr(VI) compounds (continued)<br />
Study* NOAEL LOAEL Effect Reference<br />
22-week study<br />
- 25 mg Liver: degeneration with reticular arrangement of hepatocytes, Chopra et al. (1996)<br />
0, 0.8 mg Cr(VI)/kg b.w. per day (c) day<br />
Female Wistar rats<br />
Oral (<strong>drinking</strong> <strong>water</strong>)<br />
0 and 25 mg potassium dichromate/L<br />
corresponding to 0, 8.8 mg Cr(VI)/L<br />
Doses:<br />
potassium<br />
dichromate<br />
/L<br />
0.8 mg<br />
Cr(VI)/kg<br />
b.w. per<br />
increased sinusoidal space, vacuoation and necrosis, increase serum<br />
AST and ALT, decreased level glycogen.<br />
Kidney: diffused glomerulus, degeneration of basement membrane<br />
in Bowman’s capsule, renal tubular epithelial degeneration.<br />
Decreased serum cholesterol, increased serum triglycerides and<br />
glucose levels.<br />
22-week study<br />
Male Wistar rats<br />
Oral (<strong>drinking</strong> <strong>water</strong>)<br />
0, 25 mg potassium dichromate/L<br />
corresponding to 0, 8.8 mg Cr(VI)/L<br />
Doses:<br />
0, 0.8 mg Cr(VI)/kg b.w. per day (c) - 25 mg<br />
potassium<br />
dichromate<br />
/L<br />
0.8 mg<br />
Cr(VI)/kg<br />
b.w. per<br />
Decrease serum succinate dehydrogenase.<br />
Liver: degeneration, vacuolation, increased sinusoidal space and<br />
necrosis, increase serum AST and ALT, decresed levels triglycerides<br />
and glycogen, increased levels cholesterol.<br />
Kidney: vacuolation in glomeruli, degeneration of basement<br />
membrane in Bowman’s capsule, renal tubular epithelial<br />
degeneration.<br />
Acharya et al. (2001)<br />
day<br />
6-month study<br />
Wistar rats<br />
Oral (<strong>drinking</strong> <strong>water</strong>)<br />
0, 25 mg potassium dichromate/L<br />
Doses:<br />
M: 1.79 mg Cr(VI)/kg b.w. per day (a)<br />
F: 2.11 mg Cr(VI)/kg b.w. per day (a) - 25 mg<br />
potassium<br />
dichromate<br />
/L<br />
1.79 mg<br />
Cr(VI)/kg<br />
b.w. per<br />
day<br />
No effect on b.w. gain.<br />
Increased urinary excretion of albumin (marker of glomerular<br />
dysfunction) and β2-microglobulin (marker of tubular dysfunction)<br />
in F rats.<br />
No similar nephrotoxic effects observed in male rats.<br />
Vyskocil et al. (1993)<br />
EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3595 200