efsa-opinion-chromium-food-drinking-water

Chromium in food and bottled water
Table H5: Repeated dose toxicity studies with Cr(VI) compounds (continued)
Study* NOAEL LOAEL Effect Reference
3-month exposure
M and F F344 rats
Oral (drinking water)
0, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 or 1000 mg sodium
dichromate dihydrate/L, corresponding to:
M: 0, 5, 9, 17, 32, and 60 mg sodium
dichromate dihydrate /kg b.w. per day
F: 0, 5, 10, 18, 33, and 61 mg sodium
dichromate dihydrate/kg b.w. per day
Doses:
M: 0, 1.7, 3.1, 5.9, 11.1, 20.9 mg Cr(VI)/kg
b.w. per day (a)
F: 0, 1.7, 3.5, 6.3, 11.5, 21.3 mg Cr(VI)/kg
b.w. per day (a) - 62.5 mg
sodium
dichromate
dihydrate/
L
1.7 mg
Cr(VI)/kg
b.w. per
day
Reduction of mean b.w. in M at 2 HD and in F at HD.
Reduction of water consumption in M and F at 3 upper doses.
Reduction of liver weight, increase spleen weight and kidney weight
Haematological changes: mycrocytic hypochromic anemia.
Clinical chemistry: reduced serum cholesterol and triglycerides and
increased levels of alanine aminotransferase and sorbitol
dehydrogenase in M & F rats.
Reduced urine volume and increased specific gravity and creatinine
conc. in M & F.
Histiocytic cellular infiltration was observed in the duodenum in M
and F, in the liver of F from 125 mg/L, in the pancreatic lymph node
in M.
Increased incidence of lymphoid hyperplasia and ectasia in
pancreatic lymph node at HD.
Stomach lesions: focal ulceration, regenerative epithelial hyperplasia
NTP (2007)
and squamous epithelial metaplasia at HD.
Chronic liver inflammation in F at HD.
Bone marrow hyperplasia in F at HD.
EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3595 197