efsa-opinion-chromium-food-drinking-water

Chromium in food and bottled water
Table H5: Repeated dose toxicity studies with Cr(VI) compounds (continued)
Study* NOAEL LOAEL Effect Reference
9-week exposure Male and female Sprague-
NTP (1996a, 1997)
Dawley rats+ 8-week recovery
Oral (diet)
Potassium dichromate 0, 15, 50, 100 and
400 mg/kg food corresponding to 0, 5.3, 17.7,
35.3, 141 mg Cr(VI)/kg food
Doses:
0, 0.4, 1.1, 2.3, 9.2 mg Cr(VI)/kg b.w. per
day (a)
100 mg/kg
food
2.3 mg
Cr(VI)/kg
b.w. per day
400 mg/kg
food
9.2 mg
Cr(VI)/kg
b.w. per
day
3-month exposure
M and F B6C3F1 mice
Oral (drinking water)
0, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 or 1000 mg sodium
dichromate dihydrate/L, corresponding to 0,
9, 15, 26, 45, and 80 mg sodium dichromate
dihydrate /kg b.w. per day
Doses:
0, 3.1, 5.2, 9.1, 15.7, 27.9 mg Cr(VI)/kg b.w.
per day (a) - 62.5 mg
sodium
dichromate
dihydrate/
L
3.1 mg
Cr(VI)/kg
b.w. per
day
Changes in MCV and MCH values in M and F at 400 mg/kg food.
No effect on testis, epididymus or spermatogenesis has been
reported.
Dose-dependent reduction of b.w. and water consumption from
125 mg/L.
Reduction of absolute liver weight in 2 upper doses, increased
relative kidney weight in HD M, increase thymus weight and
increase testis weight.
Haematological changes: mycrocytic hypochromic anemia.
Duodenum: increased incidence of epithelial hyperplasia in all
exposed groups and of histiocytic cellular infiltration from
125 mg/L.
Mesenteric lymph node: histiocytic hyperplasia from 125 mg/L.
Stomach lesions were observed in HD M and in F of the two HD
dose group.
No clinical chemistry or urinalysis were performed.
NTP (2007)
EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3595 196