efsa-opinion-chromium-food-drinking-water

Chromium in food and bottled water
Table H1: Repeated toxicity studies with Cr(III) compounds (continued)
Study* NOAEL LOAEL Effect Reference
90-day oral (diet)
Sprague-Dawley rats
0, 5, 50 or 125 mg/kg diet chromium nicotinate (0, 200, 2000 or
5000 µg Cr(III) human equivalency dose per day)
Doses:
M: 0, 0.04, 0.40, 1.0 mg Cr(III)/kg b.w. per day (b)
F: 0, 0.04, 0.42, 1.1 mg Cr(III)/kg b.w. per day (b) 125 mg/kg
diet
1 mg
Cr(III)/kg
b.w. per day
- No adverse effect. Shara et al.
(2005)
24-weeks oral (diet) rat (Harlan Sprague Dawley)
0, 5, 25, 50 or 100 mg Cr(III) /kg diet (as chromium chloride or
chromium picolinate)
Doses: 0, 0.45, 2.25, 4.5, 9 mg Cr(III)/kg b.w. per day (c)
Anderson et al.
(1997)
100 mg /kg
diet
9 mg
Cr(III)/kg
b.w. per day
52-week oral (diet)
Sprague-Dawley rats
0 or 25 mg/kg diet chromium nicotinate (0, 1000 µg Cr(III)
human equivalency dose per day)
Doses:
M: 0, 0.17 mg Cr(III)/ kg b.w. per day (b )
F: 0, 0.22 mg Cr(III)/ kg b.w. per day (b) - 25 mg/kg diet
M: 0.17/F: 0.22
mg Cr(III)/kg
b.w. per day
2-year (5 days/week = 600 feeding days) oral (diet) rat (Becton 5 % (50000
Dickinson)
mg/kg diet)
60 M + 60 F/group
1466 mg
0 %, 1 %, 2 % or 5 % Cr2O3 baked in bread
Cr(III)/kg
(0, 360, 720 and 1800 g total Cr2O3/kg b.w.)
b.w. per day
Animals maintained on control diets following termination of
exposure until they became moribund or died.
60M + 60 F/group
Doses: 0; 293; 586; 1466 mg Cr(III)/kg b.w. per day (a)
- No toxicity observed (b.w., organ weights, blood
and histological measurements).
Animals fed chromium picolinate were found to
have liver and kidney chromium concentrations
two- to threefold greater than those fed chromium
chloride, demonstrating the higher absorption of
chromium picolinate.
Signif. decrease b.w. gain at 26, 39 or 52 weeks:
7.7, 8.1 and 14.9 % in M and 5.5, 11.4 and 9.6 %
in F, respectively).
Shara et al.
(2007)
- No adverse effect. Ivankovic and
Preussman
(1975)
EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3595 186