efsa-opinion-chromium-food-drinking-water

Chromium in food and bottled water
Appendix H: Overview of chromium toxicity studies
Table H1: Repeated toxicity studies with Cr(III) compounds
Study* NOAEL LOAEL Effect Reference
13-week oral (diet)
B6C3F1 mice
10M + 10 F/group
0, 80, 240, 2000, 10000 or 50000 mg/kg diet chromium
picolinate monohydrate ( M: 0, 17, 50, 450, 2300 or 11900
and F: 0, 14, 40, 370, 1775 or 9140 mg chromium picolinate
monohydrate/kg b.w. per day)
Doses:
M: 0, 2, 6.2, 54, 273, 1419 mg Cr(III)/kg b.w. per day (a)
F: 0, 1.7, 4.9, 44, 212, 1090 mg Cr(III)/kg b.w. per day (a) 50000 mg/kg
diet
M: 1419 and
F: 1090 mg
Cr(III)/kg
b.w. per day
- No adverse effect. Rhodes et al.
(2005)
NTP (2010)
90-day (5 days/week) oral (diet) rat (Becton Dickinson)
0 %, 2 % or 5 % Cr2O3 baked in bread
6/14/5 M, resp. and 6/5/10 F, resp.
Doses:
M: 0; 570; 1368 mg Cr(III)/kg b.w. per day (a)
F: 0; 547; 1217 mg Cr(III)/kg b.w. per day (a) 5 % (50000
mg/kg diet)
- Reductions in absolute liver and spleen weights at
HD not considered as an adverse effect.
Ivankovic and
Preussman
(1975)
M: 1368 and
F: 1217 mg
Cr(III)/kg
b.w. per day
14-week oral (diet)
50000 mg/kg
F344/N rats
diet
10M + 10 F/group
0, 80, 240, 2000, 10000 or 50000 mg/kg diet chromium
M: 506 and
picolinate monohydrate ( M: 0, 7, 20, 160, 800 or 4240 and F: F: 507 mg
0, 6, 20, 160, 780 or 4250 mg chromium picolinate
Cr(III)/kg
monohydrate/kg b.w. per day)
b.w. per day
Doses:
M: 0, 0.8, 2.4, 19.1, 95.4, 506 mg Cr(III)/kg b.w. per day (a)
F: 0, 0.7, 2.4, 19.1, 93, 507 mg Cr(III)/kg b.w. per day (a)
- No adverse effect. Rhodes et al.
(2005)
NTP (2010)
EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3595 185