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efsa-opinion-chromium-food-drinking-water efsa-opinion-chromium-food-drinking-water

damienvanherp
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16.04.2014 Views

Chromium in food and bottled water Appendix E: Average chromium occurrence values (µg/kg) in the different foods used to calculate dietary exposure to Cr(III) (continued) Average values FOODEX (a) (µg/kg) N LB UB Chick pea (Cicer arietinum) 13 74.7 74.7 Beans, green, without pods (Phaseolus vulgaris) 72 58.0 63.9 Peas, green, without pods (Pisum sativum) 82 28.0 40.4 Oilseeds 455 214.0 227.3 Tree nuts (unspecified) (c) 138 175.0 192.5 Almond, sweet (Prunus amygalus dulcis) 106 209.0 226.1 Cashew nuts (Anacardium occidentale) (b) 1 210.0 210.0 Chestnuts (Castanea sativa) (b) 2 0.0 22.5 Coconuts (Cocos nucifera) (b) 2 0.0 20.0 Pistachios (Pistachia vera (b) 2 0.0 40.0 Hazelnuts (Corylus avellana) 15 101.9 122.6 Walnuts (Juglans regia) (b) 2 57.0 57.0 Meat and meat products (including edible offal) 2088 52.9 63.7 (unspecified) (c) Edible offal, farmed animals 771 54.6 64.4 Edible offal, game animals 49 44.9 63.1 Game birds 7 46.2 47.9 Meat specialities 8 16.4 26.4 Mixed meat (e) 1 51.5 66.0 Pastes, pâtés and terrines 27 103.3 108.4 Poultry 176 54.5 66.5 Preserved meat 13 73.4 73.4 Sausages 210 56.6 74.2 Cow milk 229 13.0 17.9 Sheep milk 7 15.0 17.1 Milk based beverages 8 17.2 32.5 Dried milk 3 62.0 62.0 Cream and cream products 10 22.3 32.3 Fermented milk products 175 24.4 100.1 Cheese 102 53.7 70.8 Milk and milk product imitates 34 22.2 29.9 Tofu 15 96.0 126.1 Soya cheese 4 121.0 132.5 Soya drink 5 23.4 29.4 Non-alcoholic beverages (excepting milk-based 119 7.9 23.5 beverages) (unspecified) Soft drinks 260 4.0 16.0 Tea (Infusion) (f) 231 6.6 6.6 Tea and herbs for infusions (Solid) (unspecified) 32 2526.6 2526.6 Tea (dried leaves and stalks, fermented or 46 338.3 338.3 otherwise of Camellia sinensis) Camomile flowers (Matricaria recutita) 12 1150.0 1150.0 Peppermint (Mentha × piperita) 104 309.4 309.4 Rooibos leaves (Aspalathus spp.) 33 0.1 5.6 Maté (Ilex paraguariensis) (b) 1 6930.0 6930.0 Ginseng root (Panax ginseng) 3 1326.7 1326.7 Cocoa beverage (g) 239 72.4 72.4 Cocoa powder 239 4345.2 4345.2 Coffee beans, roasted 30 108.2 119.2 Coffee beans, roasted and ground 16 231.2 231.6 Coffee (Beverage) (unspecified) (h) 46 8.4 8.8 Coffee drink, café américano (h) 46 8.4 8.8 Groups Meat and meat products (including edible offal) Milk and dairy products Milk and milk product imitates Non-alcoholic beverages (excepting milk-based beverages) EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3595 176

Chromium in food and bottled water Appendix E: Average chromium occurrence values (µg/kg) in the different foods used to calculate dietary exposure to Cr(III) (continued) Average values FOODEX (a) (µg/kg) N LB UB Coffee drink, cappuccino (h) 46 8.4 8.8 Coffee drink, café macchiato (h) 46 8.4 8.8 Iced coffee (h) 46 8.4 8.8 Coffee with milk (café latte, café au lait) (h) 46 8.4 8.8 Coffee drink, espresso (i) 46 21.6 22.6 Instant coffee, powder 7 71.7 84.6 Instant coffee, liquid (j) 7 1.2 1.4 Products for special nutritional use 107 2931.0 2987.3 (unspecified) (k) Food for weight reduction (unspecified) 90 112.1 355.9 Products presented as a replacement for one or 1 740.0 740.0 more meals of the daily diet Dietary supplements (unspecified) 173 21591.1 21636.3 Vitamin supplements 56 10078.3 10097.0 Mineral supplements 176 16516.1 16590.3 Combination of vitamins and minerals supplements 582 23440.5 23513.5 Supplements containing special fatty acids (e.g. 42 959.5 1024.3 omega-3, essential fatty acids) Protein and amino acids supplements 3 379.3 379.3 Fiber supplements 8 1446.2 1521.2 Plant extract formula 135 4108.7 4208.2 Coenzyme Q10 supplement 7 1346.0 1383.1 Yeast based supplement 27 107.0 330.3 Algae formula (e.g. Spirulina, Chlorella) 71 4243.3 4298.4 Pollen-based supplement 6 93.3 106.7 Food for sports people (labelled as such) 158 6343.1 6541.4 (unspecified) Carbohydrate-rich energy food products for sports 17 85.3 107.7 people Carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions for sports 1 43230.0 43230.0 people Protein and protein components for sports people 39 51.0 628.2 Carnitine-based supplement for sports people 1 17500.0 17500.0 Dietetic food for diabetics (labelled as such) 32 66788.5 66788.5 (unspecified) Chocolate and chocolate products for diabetics 69 1226.0 1226.0 Ready-to-eat meal for diabetics 11 77.2 179.0 Medical food (are specially formulated and 90 140.4 142.9 intended for the dietary management of a disease that has distinctive nutritional needs that cannot be met by normal diet alone; intended to be used under medical supervision) (unspecified) Nutritionally complete formulas 152 77.0 139.8 Nutritionally incomplete formulas 48 9014.1 9096.6 Formulas for metabolic disorders 16 8.4 247.8 Oral rehydration products 3 1671.3 1671.3 Snack food 4 84.9 84.9 Ices and desserts (unspecified) 23 26.5 57.8 Ice cream, milk-based 6 34.2 115.9 Ice cream, not milk-based 132 11.5 88.9 Starchy pudding 7 321.1 325.4 Custard 4 63.5 71.0 Groups Products for special nutritional use (k) Snacks, desserts, and other foods EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3595 177

Chromium in <strong>food</strong> and bottled <strong>water</strong><br />

Appendix E: Average <strong>chromium</strong> occurrence values (µg/kg) in the different <strong>food</strong>s used to<br />

calculate dietary exposure to Cr(III) (continued)<br />

Average values<br />

FOODEX (a)<br />

(µg/kg)<br />

N LB UB<br />

Coffee drink, cappuccino (h) 46 8.4 8.8<br />

Coffee drink, café macchiato (h) 46 8.4 8.8<br />

Iced coffee (h) 46 8.4 8.8<br />

Coffee with milk (café latte, café au lait) (h) 46 8.4 8.8<br />

Coffee drink, espresso (i) 46 21.6 22.6<br />

Instant coffee, powder 7 71.7 84.6<br />

Instant coffee, liquid (j) 7 1.2 1.4<br />

Products for special nutritional use<br />

107 2931.0 2987.3<br />

(unspecified) (k)<br />

Food for weight reduction (unspecified) 90 112.1 355.9<br />

Products presented as a replacement for one or 1 740.0 740.0<br />

more meals of the daily diet<br />

Dietary supplements (unspecified) 173 21591.1 21636.3<br />

Vitamin supplements 56 10078.3 10097.0<br />

Mineral supplements 176 16516.1 16590.3<br />

Combination of vitamins and minerals supplements 582 23440.5 23513.5<br />

Supplements containing special fatty acids (e.g. 42 959.5 1024.3<br />

omega-3, essential fatty acids)<br />

Protein and amino acids supplements 3 379.3 379.3<br />

Fiber supplements 8 1446.2 1521.2<br />

Plant extract formula 135 4108.7 4208.2<br />

Coenzyme Q10 supplement 7 1346.0 1383.1<br />

Yeast based supplement 27 107.0 330.3<br />

Algae formula (e.g. Spirulina, Chlorella) 71 4243.3 4298.4<br />

Pollen-based supplement 6 93.3 106.7<br />

Food for sports people (labelled as such)<br />

158 6343.1 6541.4<br />

(unspecified)<br />

Carbohydrate-rich energy <strong>food</strong> products for sports 17 85.3 107.7<br />

people<br />

Carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions for sports 1 43230.0 43230.0<br />

people<br />

Protein and protein components for sports people 39 51.0 628.2<br />

Carnitine-based supplement for sports people 1 17500.0 17500.0<br />

Dietetic <strong>food</strong> for diabetics (labelled as such) 32 66788.5 66788.5<br />

(unspecified)<br />

Chocolate and chocolate products for diabetics 69 1226.0 1226.0<br />

Ready-to-eat meal for diabetics 11 77.2 179.0<br />

Medical <strong>food</strong> (are specially formulated and<br />

90 140.4 142.9<br />

intended for the dietary management of a disease<br />

that has distinctive nutritional needs that cannot be<br />

met by normal diet alone; intended to be used<br />

under medical supervision) (unspecified)<br />

Nutritionally complete formulas 152 77.0 139.8<br />

Nutritionally incomplete formulas 48 9014.1 9096.6<br />

Formulas for metabolic disorders 16 8.4 247.8<br />

Oral rehydration products 3 1671.3 1671.3<br />

Snack <strong>food</strong> 4 84.9 84.9<br />

Ices and desserts (unspecified) 23 26.5 57.8<br />

Ice cream, milk-based 6 34.2 115.9<br />

Ice cream, not milk-based 132 11.5 88.9<br />

Starchy pudding 7 321.1 325.4<br />

Custard 4 63.5 71.0<br />

Groups<br />

Products for special<br />

nutritional use (k)<br />

Snacks, desserts, and<br />

other <strong>food</strong>s<br />

EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3595 177

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