efsa-opinion-chromium-food-drinking-water

Chromium in food and drinking water
Stearns DM, Wise JP, Patierno SR and Wetterhahn KE, 1995. Chromium(III) picolinate produces
chromosome damage in Chinese hamster ovary cells. FASEB Journal, 9, 1643-1649.
Stella M, Montaldi A, Rossi R Rossi R, Rossi G and Levis AG, 1982. Clastogenic effects of
chromium on human lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. Mutation Research, 101, 151-164.
Stern AH, 2010. A Quantitative Assessment of the Carcinogenicity of Hexavalent Chromium by the
Oral Route and Its Relevance to Human Exposure. Environmental Research, 110, 798-807.
Stoewsand GS, Stamer JR, Kosikowski FV, Morse RA, Bache CA and Lisk DJ, 1979. Chromium and
nickel in acidic foods and by-products contacting stainless steel during processing. Bulletin of
Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 21, 600-603.
Storelli MM, Garofalo R, Giungato D and Giacominelli-Stuffler R, 2010. Intake of essential and nonessential
elements from consumption of octopus, cuttlefish and squid. Food Additives &
Contaminants. Part B, 3, 14-18.
Stout MD, Herbert RA, Kissling GE, Collins BJ, Travlos GS, Witt KL, Melnick RL, Abdo KM,
Malarkey DE and Hooth MJ, 2009. Hexavalent chromium is carcinogenic to F344/N rats and
B6C3F1 mice after chronic oral exposure. Environmental Health Perspectives, 117, 716-722.
Subramanian S, Rajendiran G, Sekhar P, Gowri C, Govindarajulu P and Aruldhas MM, 2006.
Reproductive toxicity of chromium in adult bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata Geoffrey).
Reversible oxidative stress in the semen. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 215, 237-249.
Sugden KD, Geer RD and Rogers SJ, 1992. Oxygen radical-mediated DNA damage by redox-active
chromium(III) complexes. Biochemistry, 31, 11626-11631.
Sun Y, Ramirez J, Woski SA and Vincent JB, 2000. The binding of trivalent chromium to low
molecular-weight chromium-binding substance (LMWCr) and the transfer of chromium from
transferring and chromium(III) picolinate to LMWCr. Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry,
5, 129-136.
Sunderman FW Jr, Hopfer SM, Swift T, Rezuke WN, Ziebka L, Highman P, Edwards B, Folcik M
and Gossling HR, 1989. Cobalt, chromium, and nickel concentrations in body fluids of patients
with porous-coated knee or hip prostheses. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 7, 307-315.
Sutherland JE, Zhitkovich A, Kluz T and Costa M, 2000. Rats retain chromium in tissues following
chronic ingestion of drinking water containing hexavalent chromium. Biological Trace Element
Research, 74, 41-53.
Sutton R, 2010. Chromium-6 in U.S. Tap Water. Environmental Working Group (Washington, D.C.).
Available online: http://www.ewg.org/chromium6-in-tap-water
Suzuki Y and Fukuda K, 1990. Reduction of hexavalent chromium by ascorbic acid and glutathione
with special reference to the rat lung. Archives of Toxicology, 64, 169–176.
Suzuki Y, Homma K, Minami M and Yoshikawa H, 1984. Distribution of chromium in rats exposed
to hexavalent chromium and trivalent chromium aerosols. Industrial Health, 22, 261-277.
Swietlik R, 1998. Speciation Analysis of Chromium in Waters. Polish Journal of Environmental
Studies, 7, 257-266.
Sykuła-Zając A and Pawlak A, 2012. Chromium in food products. Biotechnology and Food Sciences,
76, 27-34.
Tagliari KC, Cecchini R and Vargas VMF, 2004. Mutagenicity of chromium (VI) using the
Salmonella microsuspension bioassay. Revista brasileira de toxicologia, 17, 45-50.
Tan GY, Zheng SS, Zhang MH, Feng JH, Xie P and Bi JM, 2008. Study of oxidative damage in
growing-finishing pigs with continuous excess dietary chromium(III) picolinate intake. Biological
Trace Elements Research, 126, 129-140.
EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3595 160