efsa-opinion-chromium-food-drinking-water

Chromium in food and drinking water
Sola-Larranaga C and Navarro-Blasco I, 2006. Chromium content in different kinds of Spanish infant
formulae and estimation of dietary intake by infants fed on reconstituted powder formulae. Food
Additives and Contaminants, 23, 1157-1168.
Son Y-O, Hitron AJ, Wang X, Chang Q, Pan J, Zhang Z, Liu J, Wang S, Lee JC and Shi X, 2010.
Cr(VI) induces mitochondrial-mediated and caspase-dependent apoptosis through reactive oxygen
species-mediated p53 activation in JB6 Cl41 cells. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 245,
226-235.
Sora S, Agostoni Carbone ML, Pacciarini M and Magni GE, 1986. Disomic and diploid meiotic
products induced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the salts of 27 elements. Mutagenesis, 1, 21-28.
Soudani N, Ibtissem Ben A, Troudi A, Bouaziz H, Boudawara T and Zeghal N, 2011a. Oxidative
stress induced by chromium (VI) in bone of suckling rats. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 27,
724-734.
Soudani N, Sefi M, Bouaziz H, Chtourou Y, Boudawara T and Zegha N, 2011b. Nephrotoxicity
induced by chromium (VI) in adult rats and their progeny. Human and Experimental Toxicology,
30, 1233-1245.
Soudani N, Bouaziz H, Sefi M, Chtourou Y, Boudawara T and Zeghal N. 2013. Toxic effects of
chromium (VI) by maternal ingestion on liver function of female rats and their suckling pups.
Environmental Toxicology, 28, 11-20.
Spano MA, Frei H, Würgler FE and Graf U, 2001. Recombinagenic activity of four compounds in the
standard and high bioactivation crosses of Drosophila melanogaster in the wing spot test.
Mutagenesis, 16, 385-394.
Speetjens JK, Collins RA, Vincent JB and Woski SA, 1999. The nutritional supplement
chromium(III)tris(picolinate) cleaves DNA. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 12, 483-287.
Spigelman AD, Talbot IC, Penna C, Nugent KP, Phillips RKS, Costello C, DeCosse JJ and The Leeds
Castle Polyposis Group (Upper Gastrointestinal Committee), 1994. Evidence for adenomacarcinoma
sequence in the duodenum of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Journal of
Clinical Pathology, 47, 709-710.
Sreejayan N, Marone PA, Lau FC, Yasmin T, Bagchi M and Bagchi D, 2010. Safety and toxicological
evaluation of a novel chromium(III) dinicocysteinate complex. Toxicology Mechanisms and
Methods, 20, 321-333.
Stallings DM, Hepburn DDD, Hannah M, Vincent JB and O’Donnel J, 2006. Nutritional supplement
chromium(III) picolinate generates chromosomal aberrations and impedes progeny development in
Drosophila melanogaster. Mutation Research, 610, 101-113.
Standeven AM and Wetterhahn KE, 1991. Ascorbate is the principal reductant of chromium (VI) in
rat liver and kidney ultrafiltrates. Carcinogenesis, 12, 1733-1737.
Standeven AM and Wetterhahn KE, 1992. Ascorbate is the principal reductant of chromium(VI) in rat
lung ultrafiltrates and cytosols, and mediates chromium-DNA binding in vitro. Carcinogenesis, 13,
1319-1324.
Staniek H, Krejpcio Z and Iwanik K, 2010. Evaluation of the acute oral toxicity class of tricentric
chromium(III) propionate complex in rat. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48, 859-864.
Stearns DM, Courtney KD, Giangrande, PH, Phieffer LS and Wetterhahn KE, 1994. Chromium(VI)
reduction by ascorbate - role of reactive intermediates in DNA-damage in-vitro. Environmental
Health Perspectives, 102, 21-25.
Stearns DM, Silveira SM, Wolf KK and Luke AM, 2002. Chromium(III) tris(picolinate) is mutagenic
at the hypoxanthine (guanine) phosphoribosyltransferase locus in Chinese hamster ovary cells.
Mutation Research 513,135-142.
EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3595 159