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Chromium in <strong>food</strong> and <strong>drinking</strong> <strong>water</strong><br />

Rhodes MC, Hebert CD, Herbert RA, Morinello EJ, Roycroft JH, Travlos GS and Abdo KM, 2005.<br />

Absence of toxic effects in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice following subchronic administration of<br />

<strong>chromium</strong> picolinate monohydrate. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 43, 21-29.<br />

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experiments. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 17, 181-186.<br />

Rose M, Baxter M, Brereton N and Baskaran C, 2010. Dietary exposure to metals and other elements<br />

in the 2006 UK Total Diet Study and some trends over the last 30 years. Food Additives &<br />

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Rubin MA, Miller JP, Ryan AS, Treuth MS, Patterson KY, Pratley RE, Hurley BF, Veillon C, Moser-<br />

Veillon PB and Anderson RA, 1998. Acute and chronic resistive exercise increase urinary<br />

<strong>chromium</strong> excretion in men as measured with an enriched <strong>chromium</strong> stable isotope. Journal of<br />

Nutrition, 128, 73-78.<br />

Ryden E, Ekstrom C, Hellmer L and Bolcsfoldi G, 2000. Comparison of the sensitivities of<br />

Salmonella typhimurium strains TA102 and TA2638A to 16 mutagens. Mutagenesis, 15, 495-502.<br />

Sager M, 2012. Chocolate and Cocoa Products as a Source of Essential Elements in Nutrition. Journal<br />

of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 2, 123-133.<br />

Saha R, Nandi R and Saha B, 2011. Sources and toxicity of hexavalent <strong>chromium</strong>. Journal of<br />

Coordination Chemistry, 64, 1782-1806.<br />

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Hyphenated ICP-MS Applications. Agilent Technologies, First Edition, p. 30-31.<br />

Salnikow K, Zhitkovich A and Costa M, 1992. Analysis of the binding sites of <strong>chromium</strong> to DNA and<br />

protein in vitro and in intact cells. Carcinogenesis, 13, 2341-2346.<br />

Salnikow K and Zhitkovich A, 2008. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in metal carcinogenesis and<br />

cocarcinogenesis: nickel, arsenic, and <strong>chromium</strong>. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 21, 28-44.<br />

Samanta S, Haldar S and Ghosh TK, 2008. Production and carcass traits in broiler chickens given<br />

diets supplemented with inorganic trivalent <strong>chromium</strong> and an organic acid blend. British Poultry<br />

Science, 49, 155-163.<br />

Sampson B and Hart A, 2012. Clinical usefulness of blood metal measurements to assess the failure of<br />

metal-on-metal hip implants. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry, 49, 118-131.<br />

Samuel JB, Stanley JA, Roopha DP, Vengatesh G, Anbalagan J, Banu SK and Aruldhas MM, 2011.<br />

Lactational hexavalent <strong>chromium</strong> exposure-induced oxidative stress in rat uterus is associated with<br />

delayed puberty and impaired gonadotropin levels. Human and Experimental Toxicology, 30, 91-<br />

101.<br />

Santos EE, Lauria DC, Porto da Silveira CL, 2004. Assessment of daily intake of trace elements due<br />

to consumption of <strong>food</strong>stuffs by adult inhabitants of Rio de Janeiro city. Science of the Total<br />

Environment, 327, 69-79.<br />

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free chlorine in tap <strong>water</strong> during the chlorination process studied by an improved solid-phase<br />

spectrometry, Analytical Sciences, 27, 649-652.<br />

Saracoglu S, Soylak M, Elci L and Dogan M, 2002. Determination of Cu, Fe, Ni, Co, Pb, Cd, Mn, and<br />

Cr in natural <strong>water</strong> samples after solid phase extraction on chromosorb 102. Analytical Letters, 35,<br />

2603-2616.<br />

Sarkar D, Sharma A and Talukder G, 1993. Differential protection of chlorophyllin against clastogenic<br />

effects of <strong>chromium</strong> and chlordane in mouse bone marrow in vivo. Mutation Reserch, 301, 33-38.<br />

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cultured human lymphocytes. Caryologia, 33, 239-250.<br />

EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3595 156

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