efsa-opinion-chromium-food-drinking-water

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Chromium in food and drinking water Parr RM, DeMaeyer EM, Iyengar VG, Byrne AR, Kirkbright GF, Schoch G, Niinisto L, Pineda O, Vis HL, Hofvander Y and Omololu A, 1991. Minor and trace elements in human milk from Guatemala, Hungary, Nigeria, Philippines, Sweden, and Zaire. Results from a WHO/IAEA joint project. Biological Trace Element Research, 29, 51-75. Partington CN, 1950. Acute poisoning with potassium bichromate. British Medical Journal, 2, 1097- 1098. Parveen Z, Khuhro MI and Rafiq N, 2003. Market Basket Survey for Lead, Cadmium, Copper, Chromium, Nickel, and Zinc in Fruits and Vegetables. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 71, 1260–1264. Paschin YV, Kozachenko VI and Salnikova LE, 1983. Differential mutagenic response at the HGPRT locus in V79 and CHO Chinese hamster cells after treatment with chromate. Mutation Research, 122, 361-365. Paschin YV and Toropzev SN, 1982. Chromosome damage induced in vivo by heavy metal ion detected by indirect testing. Acta Biologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 33, 419-422. Paschin YV, Zacepilova TA and Kozchenko VI, 1982. Induction of dominant lethal mutations in male mice by potassium dichromate. Mutation Research, 103, 345-347. Patlolla A, Armstrong N and Tchounwou PB, 2008. Cytogenetic evaluation of potassium dichromate toxicity in bone marrow cells of Sprague-Dawley rats. In: Metal ions in biology and medicine. Eds Collery P, Maymard I, Theophanides T, Lylia Khassanova and Thomas Collery. John Libbey Eurotext, Paris, p. 353–358. Patnaik P, 2003. Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. p. 222–223. McGraw-Hill Professional. Available online: http://books.google.de/books?id=Xqj-TTzkvTEC&pg=PA222 Patnaik P, 2007. A Comprehensive Guide to the Hazardous Properties of Chemical Substances, third edition, p. 626–627. Wiley-Interscience. Available online: http://www.amazon.com/Comprehensive-Hazardous-Properties-Chemical- Substances/dp/0471714585/ref=ntt_at_ep_dpi_3#_ Pattison DI, Davies MJ, Levina A, Dixon NE and Lay PA, 2001. Chromium(VI) reduction by catechol(amine)s results in DNA cleavage in vitro: Relevance to chromium genotoxicity. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 14, 500-510. Paustenbach DJ, Hays SM, Brien BA, Dodge DG and Kerger BD, 1996. Observation of steady state in blood and urine following human ingestion of hexavalent chromium in drinking water. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 49, 453-461. Pearson HA, 1963. The binding of Cr51 to hemoglobin. I. In vitro studies. Blood, 22, 218-230. Pehlivan E, Arslan G, Gode F, Altun T and Özcan MM, 2008. Determination of some inorganic metals in edible vegetable oils by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP- AES). Grasas y Aceites, 59, 239-244. Pereira LA, Amorim IG and da Silva JBB, 2004. Development of methodologies to determine aluminum, cadmium, chromium and lead in drinking water by ET AAS using permanent modifiers. Talanta, 64, 395-400. Peterson-Roth E, Reynolds M, Quievryn G and Zhitkovich A, 2005. Mismatch repair proteins are activators of toxic responses to chromium-DNA damage. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 25, 3596-3607 Petrilli FL and DeFlora S, 1977. Toxicity and mutagenicity of hexavalent chromium on Salmonella typhimurium. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 33, 805-809. Petrilli FL and De Flora S, 1978. Metabolic deactivation of hexavalent chromium mutagenicity. Mutation Research, 54, 139-147. EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3595 154
Chromium in food and drinking water Petrilli FL and De Flora S, 1982. Interpretations on chromium mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research, 109, 453-464. Petrilli FL, Rossi GA, Camoirano A, Romano M, Serra D, Bennicelli C, De Flora A and De Flora S, 1986. Metabolic reduction of chromium by alveolar macrophages and its relationships to cigarette smoke. Journal of Clinical Investigations, 77, 1917-1924. PG&E (Pacific Gas and Electric Company), 2007. Background Study. Pacific Gas and Electric Company. Available online: http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/rwqcb6/water_issues/projects/pge/docs/pge_background_study_faq2.pdf Plessi M and Monzani A, 1990. Survey of total and bioavailable chromium in grain and cereal products by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Journal of AOAC International 73, 798–802. Polansky MM, Bryden NA and Anderson RA, 1993. Effects of Form of Chromium on Chromium Absorption. FASEB Journal, 7, abstract no 442. Posta J, Berndt H, Luo S-K and Schaldach G, 1993. High-performance flow flame atomic absorption spectrometry for automated on-line separation and determination of chromium(III)/chromium(VI) and preconcentration of chromium(VI). Analytical Chemistry, 65, 2590-2595. Proctor DM, Suh M, Aylward LL, Kirman CR, Harris MA, Thompson CM, Gurleyuk H, Gerads R, Haws L and Hays SM, 2012. Hexavalent chromium reduction kinetics in rodent stomach contents. Chemosphere, 89, 487-493. Quinteros FA, Poliandri AHB, Machiavelli LI, Cabilla JP and Duvilanski BH, 2007. In vivo and in vitro effects of chromium VI on anterior pituitary hormone release and cell viability. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 218, 79-87. Quievryn G, Messer J and Zhitkovich A, 2002. Carcinogenic chromium(VI) induces cross-linking of vitamin C to DNA in vitro and in human lung A549 cells. Biochemistry, 41, 3156-3167. Quievryn G, Peterson E, Messer J and Zhitkovich A, 2003. Genotoxicity and mutagenicity of chromium(VI)/ascorbate-generated DNA adducts in human and bacterial cells. Biochemistry, 42, 1062-1070. Rai D, Moore DA, Hess NJ, Rao L and Clark SB, 2004. Chromium(III) hydroxide solubility in the aqueous Na+-OH−-H2PO4−-HPO42−-PO43−-H2O system — A thermodynamic model. Journal of Solution Chemistry, 33, 1213-1242. Rai D, Sass BM and Moore DA, 1987. Chromium(III) hydrolysis constants and solubility of chromium(III) hydroxide. Inorganic Chemistry, 26, 345-349. Rakhunde R, Deshpande L and Juneja HD, 2012. Chemical Speciation of Chromium in Water: A Review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 42, 776–810. Rankov J, Trif A, Negrea, P and Steliac S, 2010. Potassium dichromate exposure consequences on chromium level in rats genital organs and sexual accessory glands. Two generation study. Lucrari Stiintifice - Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole a Banatului Timisoara, Medicina Veterinara, 43, 128- 133. Reczajska W, Jedrzejczak R and Szteke B, 2005. Determination of chromium content of food and beverages of plant origin. Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 14/55, 2, 183-188. Reichelderfer TE, 1968. Accidental death of an infant caused by ingestion of ammonium dichromate. Southern Medical Journal, 61, 96-97. Reynolds M, Peterson E, Quievryn G and Zhitkovich A, 2004. Human nucleotide excision repair efficiently removes chromium-DNA phosphate adducts and protects cells against chromate toxicity. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 279, 30419-30424. Reynolds MF, Peterson-Roth E, Bespalov IA, Johnston T, Gurel VM, Menard HL and Zhitkovich A, 2009. Rapid DNA double-strand breaks resulting from processing of Cr-DNA crosslinks by both MutS dimers. Cancer Research, 69, 1071-1079. EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3595 155
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EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3595 SCIENT
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Chromium in food and drinking water
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4.2.2.1. Data collection on food (e
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Sampling year Number of samples Chr
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Number of analtycal results Samplin
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4.2.4. Occurrence data by food cate
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7.2.1.4. Genotoxicity Chromium in f
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J.1.2. mice Chromium in food and bo
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