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Chromium in <strong>food</strong> and <strong>drinking</strong> <strong>water</strong><br />

OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), 1997. OECD Guidelines for the<br />

Testing of Chemicals, Section 4: Health Effects. Test No. 475: Mammalian Bone Marrow<br />

Chromosome Aberration Test. Adopted on 21 July 1997.<br />

OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment), 2011. Public Health Goal for<br />

Hexavalent Chromium in Drinking Water. Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology Branch,<br />

California Environmental Protection Agency. Available online:<br />

http://oehha.ca.gov/<strong>water</strong>/phg/pdf/Cr6PHG072911.pdf<br />

Offenbacher EG, 1994. Promotion of <strong>chromium</strong> absorption by ascorbic acid. Trace Elements and<br />

Electrolytes, 11, 178-181.<br />

Offenbacher EG and Pi-Sunyer FX, 1983. Temperature and pH effects on the release of <strong>chromium</strong><br />

from stainless steel into <strong>water</strong> and fruit juices. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 31, 89-<br />

92.<br />

O’Flaherty EJ, 1996. A physiologically-based model of <strong>chromium</strong> kinetics in the rat. Toxicology and<br />

Applied Pharmacology, 138, 54-64.<br />

O'Flaherty EJ, Kerger BD, Hays SM and Paustenbach DJ, 2001. A physiologically based model for<br />

the ingestion of <strong>chromium</strong>(III) and <strong>chromium</strong>(VI) by humans. Toxicological Sciences, 60, 196-<br />

213.<br />

Ohh SJ and Lee JZ, 2005. Dietary <strong>chromium</strong>-methionine chelate supplementation and animal<br />

performance. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciencew, 18, 898-907.<br />

Okolo NS, Okonji M, Ogbonna C, Ezeogu AF and Onwuanaku C, 2001. Levels of calcium,<br />

aluminium and <strong>chromium</strong> in serum of exclusively breastfed infants at six months of age in<br />

Savannah region of Nigeria. West African Journal of Medicine, 20, 13-16.<br />

Olin KL, Stearns DM, Armstrong WH and Keen CL, 1994. Comparative retention/absorption of<br />

<strong>chromium</strong> ( 51 Cr) from 51 Cr chloride, 51 Cr nicotinate and 51 Cr picolinate in a rat model. Trace<br />

Elements and Electrolytes, 11, 182-186.<br />

Olivier P and Marzin D, 1987. Study of the genotoxic potential of 48 inorganic derivatives with the<br />

SOS chromotest. Mutation Research, 189, 263-269.<br />

Onkelinx C, 1977. Compartment analysis of metabolism of <strong>chromium</strong>(III) in rats of various ages.<br />

American Journal of Physiology, 232, E478-484.<br />

Orica, 2012. Orica Welcomes Revised Chromium VI Results. Press release of the Orica Company.<br />

Available<br />

online:<br />

http://www.orica.com/BUSINESS/COR/orica/COR00254.nsf/Page/News_Orica_welcomes_revise<br />

d_Chromium_VI_results<br />

Pääkkö P, Kokkonen P, Anttila S and Kalliomäki PL, 1989. Cadmium and <strong>chromium</strong> as markers of<br />

smoking in human lung tissue. Environmental Research, 49, 197-207.<br />

Paleologos EK, Lafis SI, Tzouwara-Karayanni SM and Karayannis MI, 1998. Speciation analysis of<br />

CrIII–CrVI using flow injection analysis with fluorimetric detection. Analyst, 123, 1005-1009.<br />

Paleologos EK, Vlessidis AG, Karayannis MI and Evmiridis NP, 2003. On-line sorption<br />

preconcentration of metals based on mixed micelle cloud point extraction prior to their<br />

determination with micellar chemiluminescence Application to the determination of <strong>chromium</strong> at<br />

ng l−1 levels. Analytica Chimica Acta, 477, 223–231.<br />

Pantsar-Kallio M and Manninen PKG, 1997. Simultaneous determination of toxic arsenic and<br />

<strong>chromium</strong> species in <strong>water</strong> samples by ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass<br />

spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 779, 139-146.<br />

Papp JF and Lipin BR, 2001. Chromium. Open File Report 01-381, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S.<br />

Department of the Interior. Available online: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0381/report.pdf<br />

EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3595 153

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