efsa-opinion-chromium-food-drinking-water
efsa-opinion-chromium-food-drinking-water efsa-opinion-chromium-food-drinking-water
Chromium in food and drinking water IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer), 1973. Chromium and chromium compounds. In Some Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans, vol. 2. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, p. 100-125. IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer), 1979. Chromium and certain chromium compounds. In Chemicals and Industrial Processes Associated with Cancer in Humans. suppl. 1. Lyon France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, p. 29-30. IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer), 1980. Chromium and chromium compounds. In Some Metals and Metallic Compounds. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans, vol. 23. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, p. 205-323. IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer), 1982. Chromium and certain chromium compounds. In Chemicals, industrial processes and industries associated with cancer in humans (IARC Monographs, volumes 1 to 29). IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risk Chem Hum Suppl, 4, 1- 292. IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer), 1987. Chromium and chromium compounds. In: Overall evaluations of carcinogenicity: an updating of IARC Monographs volumes 1 to 42. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum Suppl, 7, 1-440. PMID:3482203 IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer), 1990. Chromium, Nickel and Welding. IARC, Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, Volume 49, 677 pp. IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer), 2012. Arsenic, metals, fibres, and dusts volume 100 C A review of human carcinogens. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans, Lyon, France. International Agency for Research on Cancer, 147-164. Imreh S and Radulescu D, 1982. Cytogenetic effects of chromium in vivo and in vitro. Mutation Research, 97, 192-193. IOM (Institute of Medicine), 2001. Chromium. In: Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon,Vanadium and Zinc. Panel on Micronutrients, Subcommittees on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients and of Interpretation and Use of Dietary Reference Intakes, and the Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine (IOM). National Academy Press (NAP), Washington, DC, p. 197-223. Available online: http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10026&page=197 Iserson KV, Banner W, Froede RC and Derrick MR,1983. Failure of dialysis therapy in potassium dichromate poisoning. Journal of Emergency Medicine, 1, 143-149. ISO 9174:1998. Water quality - Determination of chromium - Atomic absorption spectrometric methods. Itoh S and Shimada H, 1996. Micronucleus induction by chromium and selenium, and suppression by metallothionein inducer. Mutation Research, 367, 233-236. Itoh S and Shimada H, 1997. Clastogenicity and mutagenicity of hexavalent chromium in lacZ transgenic mice. Toxicology Letters, 91, 229-33. Itoh S and Shimada H, 1998. Bone marrow and liver mutagenesis in lacZ transgenic mice treated with hexavalent chromium. Mutation Research, 412, 63-7. Ivankovic S and Preussmann R, 1975. Absence of toxic and carcinogenic effects after administration of high doses of chromic oxide pigment in subacute and long-term feeding experiments in rats. Food and Cosmetics Toxicology, 13, 347-351. Iyer VJ, Banerjee G, Govindram CB, Kamath V, Shinde S, Gaikwad A, Jerajani HR, Raman G and Cherian KM, 2002. Role of different valence states of chromium in the elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis, 47, 357-360. EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3595 144
Chromium in food and drinking water Jamaluddin AM and Reazul HM, 2011. A rapid spectrophotometric method for the determination of chromium in environmental samples using Bis (salicylaldehyde) orthophenylenediamine. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 1, 46-59. Jana M, Rajaram A and Rajaram R, 2009. Chromium(III) picolinate induced apoptosis of lymphocytes and the signalling mechanisms thereof. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 237, 331-344. Janus JA and Kranjc EI, 1990. Appendix to report No. 710401002: Integrated Criteria Document Chromium: effects. National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, The Netherlands. Available online: http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/710401002A.pdf Jeejeebhoy KN, 1999. The role of chromium in nutrition and therapeutics and as a potential toxin. Nutrition Reviews 57, 329-335. Johnson J, Schewel L and Graedel TE, 2006. The contemporary anthropogenic chromium cycle. Environmental Science and Technology, 40, 7060–7069. Jorhem L, 2004. Certified reference materials as a quality tool in food control: much used - often misused - sometimes abused. Accreditation and Quality Assurance, 9, 305-310. Jorhem L, Astrand C, Sundström B, Baxter M, Stokes P, Lewis J and Grawé KP, 2008. Elements in rice on the Swedish market: Part 2. Chromium, copper, iron, manganese, platinum, rubidium, selenium and zinc. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 25, 841-850. Junaid M, Murthy RC and Saxena DK, 1995. Chromium fetotoxicity in mice during late pregnancy. Veterinary and Human Toxicology, 37, 320-323. Junaid M, Murthy RC and Saxena DK, 1996a. Embryotoxicity of orally administered chromium in mice: exposure during the period of organogenesis. Toxicology Letters, 84, 143-148. Junaid M, Murthy RC and Saxena DK, 1996b. Embryo- and fetotoxicity of chromium in pregestationally exposed mice. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 57, 327- 334. Juturu V and Komorowski JR, 2002. Antimutagenic activity of chromium(III) picolinate in the Salmonella assay. Pharmacologist Supplement, 44, A59 [Abstract No. 38.2]. Juturu V, Siesinshi RS, Gudi R, San R and Komorowshi JR, 2004. Chromium(III) picolinate does not produce chromosome damage in the in vitro mammalian chromosome abberation test with CHO cells. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 44, 208 [Abstract No. 87]. Kaaber K and Veien NK, 1977. The significance of chromate ingestion in patients allergic to chromate. Acta Dermato-Venereologica, 57, 321-323. Kadar A, Noël L, Chekri R, Vastel C, Millour S and Guérin T, 2011. Optimisation of ICP-MS collision/reaction cell conditions for the determination of elements likely to be interfered (V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, As and Se) in foodstuffs. Talanta, 85, 2605-2613. Kanematsu N, Hara M and Kada T, 1980. Rec assay and mutagenicity studies on metal compounds. Mutation Research, 77, 109-116. Kanojia RK, Junaid M and Murthy RC, 1996. Chromium induced teratogenicity in female rat. Toxicology Letters, 89, 207-213. Kanojia RK, Junaid M and Murthy RC, 1998. Embryo and fetotoxicity of hexavalent chromium: A long-term study. Toxicology Letters, 95, 165-172. Kanwal S, Ma Q, Dou W, Wang G and Su X, 2012. Determination of trace amounts of chromium (VI) by flow injection analysis with chemiluminescence detection. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 2, 15, 210-221. Kararli TT, 1995. Comparison of the gastrointestinal anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of humans and commonly used laboratory animals. Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition, 16, 351- 380. EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3595 145
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Chromium in <strong>food</strong> and <strong>drinking</strong> <strong>water</strong><br />
Jamaluddin AM and Reazul HM, 2011. A rapid spectrophotometric method for the determination of<br />
<strong>chromium</strong> in environmental samples using Bis (salicylaldehyde) orthophenylenediamine. Research<br />
Journal of Chemical Sciences, 1, 46-59.<br />
Jana M, Rajaram A and Rajaram R, 2009. Chromium(III) picolinate induced apoptosis of lymphocytes<br />
and the signalling mechanisms thereof. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 237, 331-344.<br />
Janus JA and Kranjc EI, 1990. Appendix to report No. 710401002: Integrated Criteria Document<br />
Chromium: effects. National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, The<br />
Netherlands. Available online: http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/710401002A.pdf<br />
Jeejeebhoy KN, 1999. The role of <strong>chromium</strong> in nutrition and therapeutics and as a potential toxin.<br />
Nutrition Reviews 57, 329-335.<br />
Johnson J, Schewel L and Graedel TE, 2006. The contemporary anthropogenic <strong>chromium</strong> cycle.<br />
Environmental Science and Technology, 40, 7060–7069.<br />
Jorhem L, 2004. Certified reference materials as a quality tool in <strong>food</strong> control: much used - often<br />
misused - sometimes abused. Accreditation and Quality Assurance, 9, 305-310.<br />
Jorhem L, Astrand C, Sundström B, Baxter M, Stokes P, Lewis J and Grawé KP, 2008. Elements in<br />
rice on the Swedish market: Part 2. Chromium, copper, iron, manganese, platinum, rubidium,<br />
selenium and zinc. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 25, 841-850.<br />
Junaid M, Murthy RC and Saxena DK, 1995. Chromium fetotoxicity in mice during late pregnancy.<br />
Veterinary and Human Toxicology, 37, 320-323.<br />
Junaid M, Murthy RC and Saxena DK, 1996a. Embryotoxicity of orally administered <strong>chromium</strong> in<br />
mice: exposure during the period of organogenesis. Toxicology Letters, 84, 143-148.<br />
Junaid M, Murthy RC and Saxena DK, 1996b. Embryo- and fetotoxicity of <strong>chromium</strong> in<br />
pregestationally exposed mice. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 57, 327-<br />
334.<br />
Juturu V and Komorowski JR, 2002. Antimutagenic activity of <strong>chromium</strong>(III) picolinate in the<br />
Salmonella assay. Pharmacologist Supplement, 44, A59 [Abstract No. 38.2].<br />
Juturu V, Siesinshi RS, Gudi R, San R and Komorowshi JR, 2004. Chromium(III) picolinate does not<br />
produce chromosome damage in the in vitro mammalian chromosome abberation test with CHO<br />
cells. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 44, 208 [Abstract No. 87].<br />
Kaaber K and Veien NK, 1977. The significance of chromate ingestion in patients allergic to<br />
chromate. Acta Dermato-Venereologica, 57, 321-323.<br />
Kadar A, Noël L, Chekri R, Vastel C, Millour S and Guérin T, 2011. Optimisation of ICP-MS<br />
collision/reaction cell conditions for the determination of elements likely to be interfered (V, Cr,<br />
Fe, Co, Ni, As and Se) in <strong>food</strong>stuffs. Talanta, 85, 2605-2613.<br />
Kanematsu N, Hara M and Kada T, 1980. Rec assay and mutagenicity studies on metal compounds.<br />
Mutation Research, 77, 109-116.<br />
Kanojia RK, Junaid M and Murthy RC, 1996. Chromium induced teratogenicity in female rat.<br />
Toxicology Letters, 89, 207-213.<br />
Kanojia RK, Junaid M and Murthy RC, 1998. Embryo and fetotoxicity of hexavalent <strong>chromium</strong>: A<br />
long-term study. Toxicology Letters, 95, 165-172.<br />
Kanwal S, Ma Q, Dou W, Wang G and Su X, 2012. Determination of trace amounts of <strong>chromium</strong> (VI)<br />
by flow injection analysis with chemiluminescence detection. International Journal of<br />
Environmental Analytical Chemistry 2, 15, 210-221.<br />
Kararli TT, 1995. Comparison of the gastrointestinal anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of<br />
humans and commonly used laboratory animals. Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition, 16, 351-<br />
380.<br />
EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3595 145