efsa-opinion-chromium-food-drinking-water
efsa-opinion-chromium-food-drinking-water efsa-opinion-chromium-food-drinking-water
Chromium in food and drinking water De Flora S, 2000. Threshold mechanisms and site specificity in chromium(VI) carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis, 21, 533-541. De Flora S, Badolati GS, Serra D, Picciotto A, Magnolia MR and Savarino V, 1987. Circadian reduction of chromium in the gastric environment. Mutation Research, 192, 169-174. De Flora S, Bennicelli C, Zanacchi P, Camoirano A, Petruzzelli S and Giuntini C, 1984. Metabolic activation and deactivation of mutagens by preparations of human lung parenchyma and bronchial tree. Mutation Research Letters, 139, 9-14. De Flora S, Camoirano A, Bagnasco M, Bennicelli C, Corbett GE and Kerger BD, 1997. Estimates of the chromium(VI) reducing capacity in human body compartments as a mechanism for attenuating its potential toxicity and carcinogenicity. Carcinogenesis, 18, 531-537. De Flora S, D’Agostini F, Balansky R, Micale R, Baluce B and Izzotti A, 2008. Lack of genotoxic effects in hematopoietic and gastrointestinal cells of mice receiving chromium(VI) with the drinking water. Mutation Research, 659, 60-67. De Flora S, Iltcheva M and Balansky RM, 2006. Oral chromium(VI) does not affect the frequency of micronuclei in hematopoietic cells of adult mice and of transplacentally exposed fetuses. Mutation Research, 610, 38-47. De Flora S and Wetterhahn KE, 1989. Mechanisms of chromium metabolism and genotoxicity. Life Science, 7, 169-244. De Lucca RC, Dutrey PL, Villarino ME and Ubios AM, 2009. Effect of different doses of hexavalent chromium on mandibular growth and tooth eruption in juvenile Wistar rats. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology, 61, 347-352. De Palma G, Goldoni M, Catalani S, Carbognani P, Poli D, Mozzoni P, Acampa O, Internullo E, Rusca M and Apostoli P, 2008. Metallic elements in pulmonary biopsies from lung cancer and control subjects. Acta Biomedica, 79, 43-51. Debetto P and Luciani S, 1988. Toxic effect of chromium on cellular metabolism. Science of The Total Environment, 71, 365-377. Deelstra H, van Schoor O, Robberecht H, Clara R and Eylenbosch W, 1988. Daily chromium intake by infants in Belgium. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 77, 402-407. Delaunay C, Petit I, Learmonth ID, Oger P and Vendittoli PA, 2010. Metal-on-metal bearings total hip arthroplasty: the cobalt and chromium ions release concern. Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Surgery and Research, 96, 894-904. De Meester P, Hodgson DJ, Freeman HC, Moore CJ, 1977. Tridentate Coordination by the L-Cysteine Dianion. Crystal and Molecular Structure of Sodium Bis(L-cysteinato)chromate(III) Dihydrate. Inorganic Chemistry, 16, 1494-1498. Deng C, Lee HH, Xian H, Yao M, Huang J and Ou B, 1988. Chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges of peripheral blood lymphocytes in Chinese electroplating workers: effect of nickel and chromium. Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine, 1, 57-62. Dever M, Hausler DW and Smith JE, 1989. Comparison between radioactive isotope chromium-51 and stable isotope chromium-50 labels for the determination of red blood cell survival. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 4, 361–363. Devi KD, Rozati R, Saleha Banu B, Jamil K and Grover P, 2001. In vivo genotoxic effect of potassium dichromate in mice leukocytes using comet assay. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 39, 859-865. DHEW (Department of Health, Education and Welfare, U.S.), 1970. Community Water Supply Study — Analysis of National Survey Findings. NSCEP 800R70013. Bureau of Water Hygiene, Environmental Health Service, U.S. Public Health Service, Washington, D.C. EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3595 136
Chromium in food and drinking water Diaz-Mayans J, Laborda R and Nunez A, 1986. Hexavalent chromium effects on motor activity and some metabolic aspects of Wistar albino rats. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C, 83, 191-195. Dillon CT, Lay PA, Bonin AM, Cholewa M and Legge GJF, 2000. Permeability, Cytotoxicity, and Genotoxicity of Cr(III) Complexes and Some Cr(V) Analogues in V79 Chinese Hamster Lung Cells. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 13, 742-748. Dillon CT, Lay PA, Cholewa M, Legge GJF, Bonin AM, Collins TJ, Kostka KL and Shea-McCarthy G, 1997. Microprobe X-ray absorption spectroscopic determination of the oxidation state of intracellular chromium following exposure of V79 Chinese hamster lung cells to genotoxic chromium complexes. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 10, 533-535. DiPaolo JA and Casto BC, 1979. Quantitative studies of in vitro morphological transformation of Syrian hamster cells by inorganic metal salts. Cancer Research, 39, 1008-1013. DiSilvestro RA and Dy E, 2007. Comparison of acute absorption of commercially available chromium supplements. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 21, 120-124. Divrikli U, Horzum N, Soylak M and Elci L, 2006. Trace heavy metal contents of some spices and herbal plants from western Anatolia, Turkey. Internationl Journal of Food Sciences & Technology 41, 712-716. Doisy RJ, Streeten DPH, Souma ML, Kalafer ME, Rekant SL and Dalakos TG, 1971. Chromium Metabolism. In: Newer Trace Elements in Nutrition. Eds Mertz W and Cornatzer WE. Dekker, New York, p. 155-168. Dominguez O and Arcos MJ, 2002. Simultaneous determination of chromium(VI) and chromium(III) at trace levels by adsorptive stripping voltammetry. Analytica Chimica Acta, 470, 241-252. Donais MK, Henry R and Rettberg T, 1999. Chromium speciation using an automated liquid handling system with inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometric detection. Talanta, 49, 1045-1050. Donaldson DL and Rennert OM, 1981. Chromium(III) metabolism by the kidney. Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science, 11, 377-385. Donaldson DL, Smith CC and Yunie AA, 1984. Renal excretion of chromium-51 chloride in the dog. American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology, 246, 970-878. Donaldson RM and Barreras RF, 1966. Intestinal absorption of trace quantities of chromium. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 68, 484-493. Dowling HJ, Offenbacher EG and Pi Sunyer FX, 1990. Effects of amino acids on the absorption of trivalent chromium and its retention by regions of the rat small intestine. Nutrition Research, 10, 1261-1271. Dowling HJ, Offenbacher FG and Pi-Sunyer FX, 1989. Absorption of inorganic trivalent chromium from the vascular perfused rat small intestine. Journal of Nutrition, 119, 1138-1145. Dufailly V, Noël L and Guérin T, 2006. Determination of chromium, iron and selenium in foodstuffs of animal origin by collision cell technology ICP-MS after closed vessel microwave digestion. Analytica Chimica Acta, 565, 214-221. Dunkel VC, Pienta RJ, Sivak A and Traul KA, 1981. Comparative neoplastic transformation responses of Balb/3T3 cells, Syrian hamster embryo cells, and Rauscher murine leukemia virusinfected Fischer 344 rat embryo cells to chemical compounds. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 67, 1303-1312. Dunkel VC, Zeiger E, Brusick D, McCoy E, McGregor D, Mortelmans K, Rosenkranz HS and Simmon VF, 1984. Reproducibility of microbial mutagenicity assays: I. Tests with Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli using a standardized protocol. Environmental Mutagenesis, 6, 51-100. EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3595 137
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Chromium in <strong>food</strong> and <strong>drinking</strong> <strong>water</strong><br />
Diaz-Mayans J, Laborda R and Nunez A, 1986. Hexavalent <strong>chromium</strong> effects on motor activity and<br />
some metabolic aspects of Wistar albino rats. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C,<br />
83, 191-195.<br />
Dillon CT, Lay PA, Bonin AM, Cholewa M and Legge GJF, 2000. Permeability, Cytotoxicity, and<br />
Genotoxicity of Cr(III) Complexes and Some Cr(V) Analogues in V79 Chinese Hamster Lung<br />
Cells. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 13, 742-748.<br />
Dillon CT, Lay PA, Cholewa M, Legge GJF, Bonin AM, Collins TJ, Kostka KL and Shea-McCarthy<br />
G, 1997. Microprobe X-ray absorption spectroscopic determination of the oxidation state of<br />
intracellular <strong>chromium</strong> following exposure of V79 Chinese hamster lung cells to genotoxic<br />
<strong>chromium</strong> complexes. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 10, 533-535.<br />
DiPaolo JA and Casto BC, 1979. Quantitative studies of in vitro morphological transformation of<br />
Syrian hamster cells by inorganic metal salts. Cancer Research, 39, 1008-1013.<br />
DiSilvestro RA and Dy E, 2007. Comparison of acute absorption of commercially available <strong>chromium</strong><br />
supplements. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 21, 120-124.<br />
Divrikli U, Horzum N, Soylak M and Elci L, 2006. Trace heavy metal contents of some spices and<br />
herbal plants from western Anatolia, Turkey. Internationl Journal of Food Sciences & Technology<br />
41, 712-716.<br />
Doisy RJ, Streeten DPH, Souma ML, Kalafer ME, Rekant SL and Dalakos TG, 1971. Chromium<br />
Metabolism. In: Newer Trace Elements in Nutrition. Eds Mertz W and Cornatzer WE. Dekker,<br />
New York, p. 155-168.<br />
Dominguez O and Arcos MJ, 2002. Simultaneous determination of <strong>chromium</strong>(VI) and <strong>chromium</strong>(III)<br />
at trace levels by adsorptive stripping voltammetry. Analytica Chimica Acta, 470, 241-252.<br />
Donais MK, Henry R and Rettberg T, 1999. Chromium speciation using an automated liquid handling<br />
system with inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometric detection. Talanta, 49, 1045-1050.<br />
Donaldson DL and Rennert OM, 1981. Chromium(III) metabolism by the kidney. Annals of Clinical<br />
and Laboratory Science, 11, 377-385.<br />
Donaldson DL, Smith CC and Yunie AA, 1984. Renal excretion of <strong>chromium</strong>-51 chloride in the dog.<br />
American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology, 246, 970-878.<br />
Donaldson RM and Barreras RF, 1966. Intestinal absorption of trace quantities of <strong>chromium</strong>. Journal<br />
of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 68, 484-493.<br />
Dowling HJ, Offenbacher EG and Pi Sunyer FX, 1990. Effects of amino acids on the absorption of<br />
trivalent <strong>chromium</strong> and its retention by regions of the rat small intestine. Nutrition Research, 10,<br />
1261-1271.<br />
Dowling HJ, Offenbacher FG and Pi-Sunyer FX, 1989. Absorption of inorganic trivalent <strong>chromium</strong><br />
from the vascular perfused rat small intestine. Journal of Nutrition, 119, 1138-1145.<br />
Dufailly V, Noël L and Guérin T, 2006. Determination of <strong>chromium</strong>, iron and selenium in <strong>food</strong>stuffs<br />
of animal origin by collision cell technology ICP-MS after closed vessel microwave digestion.<br />
Analytica Chimica Acta, 565, 214-221.<br />
Dunkel VC, Pienta RJ, Sivak A and Traul KA, 1981. Comparative neoplastic transformation<br />
responses of Balb/3T3 cells, Syrian hamster embryo cells, and Rauscher murine leukemia virusinfected<br />
Fischer 344 rat embryo cells to chemical compounds. Journal of the National Cancer<br />
Institute, 67, 1303-1312.<br />
Dunkel VC, Zeiger E, Brusick D, McCoy E, McGregor D, Mortelmans K, Rosenkranz HS and<br />
Simmon VF, 1984. Reproducibility of microbial mutagenicity assays: I. Tests with Salmonella<br />
typhimurium and Escherichia coli using a standardized protocol. Environmental Mutagenesis, 6,<br />
51-100.<br />
EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3595 137