efsa-opinion-chromium-food-drinking-water

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Chromium in food and drinking water Bianchi V, Dal Toso R, Debetto P, Levis AG, Luciani S, Majone F and Tamino G, 1980. Mechanisms of chromium toxicity in mammalian cell cultures. Toxicology, 17, 219-224. Bick RL, Girardi TV, Lack WJ, Costa M and Titelbaum D, 1996. Hodgkin’s disease in association with hexavalent chromium exposure. International Journal of Hematology, 64, 257-262. Biedermann KA and Landolph JR, 1990. Role of Valence State and Solubility of Chromium Compounds on Induction of Cytotoxicity, Mutagenesis, and Anchorage Independence in Diploid Human Fibroblasts. Cancer Research, 50, 7835-7842. Bobrowski A, Bas B, Dominik J, Niewiara E, Szalinska E, Vignati D and Zarebski J, 2004. Chromium speciation study in polluted waters using catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetry and tangential flow filtration. Talanta, 63, 1003-1012. Bonatti S, Meini M and Abbondandolo A, 1976. Genetic effects of potassium dichromate in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Mutation Research, 38, 147-150. Boon PE, Biesebeek JD, Sioen I, Huybrechts I, De Neve M, Amiano, P Arganini C, Azpiri M, Busk L, Christensen T, Hilbig A, Hirvonen T, Koulouridaki S, Lafay L, Liukkonen K-H, Moschandreas J, Papoutsou S, Ribas-Barba L, Ruprich J, Serra-Majem L, Tornaritis M, Turrini A, Urtizberea M, Verger E, Westerlund A, Kersting M, De Henauw S and van Klaveren JD, 2010. Long-term dietary exposure to chromium in young children living in different European countries. Scientific Report submitted to EFSA. Available online: www.efsa.europa.eu/en/supporting/pub/54e.htm Borgerding MF, Bodnar JA, Curtin GM and Swauger JE, 2012. The chemical composition of smokeless tobacco: a survey of products sold in the United States in 2006 and 2007. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 64, 367-387. Bougle D, Bureau F, Voirin J, Neuville D, Drosdowsky M and Duhamel JF, 1992. Chromium status of full-term and preterm newborns. Biological Trace Element Research, 32, 47-51. Brams A, Buchet JP, Crutzen-Fayt MC, de Meester C, Lauwerys R and Léonard A, 1987. A comparative study, with 40 chemicals, of the efficiency of the Salmonella assay and the SOS chromotest (kit procedure). Toxicology Letters, 38, 123-133. Brandt-Rauf P, 2006. Editorial retraction. Cancer mortality in a Chinese population exposed to hexavalent chromium in water. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 48, 749. Bratakos MS, Lazos ES and Bratakos SM, 2002. Chromium content of selected Greek foods. Science of the Total Environment, 290, 47-58. Bridgewater LC, Manning FC and Patierno SR, 1994. Base-specific arrest of in vitro DNA replication by carcinogenic chromium: relationship to DNA interstrand crosslinking. Carcinogenesis 15, 2421- 2427. Bridgewater LC, Manning FCR and Patierno SR, 1998. Arrest of replication by mammalian DNA polymerase α and β caused by chromium-DNA lesions. Molecular Carcinogenesis, 23, 201-206. Briggs JA and Briggs RC, 1988. Characterization of chromium effects on a rat liver epithelial cell line and their relevance to in vitro transformation. Cancer Research, 48, 6484-6490. Brock JH, 1985. Transferrins. In: Metaloproteins. Vol. 2. Ed Harrison PM, MacMillan, London. p. 183-262. Bronzetti GL and Galli A, 1989. Influence of NTA on the chromium genotoxicity. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 23, 101-104. Brooks B, O’Brien TJ, Ceryak S, Wise JP Sr, Wise SS, Wise JP Jr, DeFabo E and Patierno SR, 2008. Excision repair is required for genotoxin-induced mutagenesis in mammalian cells. Carcinogenesis, 29, 1064-1069. Bryson WG and Goodall CM, 1983. Differential toxicity and clearance kinetics of chromium(III) or (VI) in mice. Carcinogenesis, 12, 1535-1539. EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3595 132
Chromium in food and drinking water Bulut VN, Ozdes D, Bekircan O, Gundogdu A, Duran C and Soylak M, 2009. Carrier element-free coprecipitation (CEFC) method for the separation, preconcentration and speciation of chromium using an isatin derivative. Analytica Chimica Acta, 632, 35–41. Byrdy FA, Olson LK, Vela NP and Caruso JA, 1995. Chromium speciation by anion-exchange highperformance liquid chromatography with both inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopic and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection. Journal of Chromatography A, 712, 2, 311-320. CA EPA (California Environmental Protection Agency), 2008. PG&E Hinkley Chromium Cleanup. California Environmental Protection Agency (Sacramento). Available online: http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/rwqcb6/water_issues/projects/pge/index.shtml CA EPA (California Environmental Protection Agency), 2009. Evidence on the developmental and reproductive toxicity of Chromium (hexavalent compounds) Reproductive and Cancer Hazard Assessment Section; Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. Available online: http://oehha.ca.gov/prop65/hazard_ident/pdf_zip/chrome0908.pdf Camara C, Cornelis R and Quevauviller P, 2000. Assessment of methods currently used for the determination of Cr and Se species in solutions. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 19, 2-3, 189-194. Capellmann M and Bolt HM, 1992. Chromium (VI) reducing capacity of ascorbic acid and of human plasma in vitro. Archives of Toxicology, 66, 45-50. Carter JP, Kattab A, Abd-el-Hadi K, Davis JT, El Gholmy A and Patwardhan VN, 1968. Chromium (III) in hypoglycemia and in impaired glucose utilization in kwashiorkor. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 21, 195-202. Coryell VH and Stearns DM, 2006. Molecular analysis of hprt mutations induced by chromium(III) picolinate in CHO AA8 cells. Mutation Research, 610, 114-23. Casey CE and Hambidge KM, 1984. Chromium in human milk from American mothers. British Journal of Nutrition, 52, 73-77. Casey CE, Hambidge KM and Neville MC, 1985. Studies in human lactation: zinc, copper, manganese and chromium in human milk in the first month of lactation. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 41, 1193-1200. Cavalleri A, Minoia C, Richelmi P, Baldi C and Micoli G, 1985. Determination of total and hexavalent chromium in bile after intravenous administration of potassium dichromate in rats. Environmental Research, 37, 490-496. CDPH (California Department for Public Health), 2013. Chromium-6 in Drinking Water Sources: Sampling Results. California Department of Public Health (Sacramento). Available online: http://www.cdph.ca.gov/certlic/drinkingwater/Pages/Chromium6sampling.aspx Cemeli E, Carder J, Anderson D, Guillamet E, Morillas MJ, Creus A and Marcos R, 2003. Antigenotoxic properties of selenium compounds on potassium dichromate and hydrogen peroxide. Teratogenesis Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis, 23, 53-67. Cespon-Romero RM, Yebra-Biurrun MC and Bermejo-Barrera MP, 1996. Preconcentration and speciation of chromium by the determination of total chromium and chromium(II1) in natural waters by flame atomic absorption spectrometry with a chelating ion-exchange flow injection system. Analytica Chimica Acta, 327, 37-45. Chen J and Thilly WG, 1994. Use of Denaturing-Gradient Gel-Electrophoresis to study chromiuminduced point mutations in human-cells. Environmental Health Perspectives, 102, 227-229. Cheng L, Sonntag DM, de Boer J and Dixon K, 2000. Chromium(VI)-induced mutagenesis in the lungs of Big Blue transgenic mice. Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology, 19, 239-249. EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3595 133
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EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3595 SCIENT
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Chromium in food and drinking water
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4.2.2.1. Data collection on food (e
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Sampling year Number of samples Chr
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Number of analtycal results Samplin
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7.2.1.4. Genotoxicity Chromium in f
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