efsa-opinion-chromium-food-drinking-water
efsa-opinion-chromium-food-drinking-water
efsa-opinion-chromium-food-drinking-water
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Chromium in <strong>food</strong> and <strong>drinking</strong> <strong>water</strong><br />
Table 1: Some relevant <strong>chromium</strong> compounds and their key properties (a) .<br />
Compound Formula CAS Registry<br />
MW Water MP BP<br />
(amu) solubility (b) ( °C) ( °C)<br />
Chromium(0) compounds<br />
Hexacarbonyl (c) Cr(CO) 6 13007-92-6 220.06 ■ 90 130 (d)<br />
Chromium(III) compounds<br />
Acetate (e) Cr(CH 3 COO) 3·H 2 O 25013-82-5 247.14 ■■ Solid (l) —<br />
Boride (f) CrB 12006-79-0 62.81 ■ 2760 —<br />
Chloride CrCl 3 10025-73-7 158.35 ■ ≈ 1150 1300 (d)<br />
Chloride (g) CrCl 3·6H 2 O 10060-12-5 266.45 ■■■ 83 —<br />
Fluoride (f) CrF 3 7788-97-8 108.99 ■ > 1000 —<br />
Dinicotinate (f,h) Cr(C 6 H 4 NO 2 ) 2+·X − — 370.26 — Solid (l) —<br />
Trinicotinate (f) Cr(C 6 H 4 NO 2 ) 3 64452-96-6 418.30 ■ Solid (l) —<br />
Nitrate (i) Cr(NO 3 ) 3·9H 2 O 7789-02-8 400.15 ■■ 60 100 (d)<br />
Oxide Cr 2 O 3 1308-38-9 151.99 ■ 2435 3000<br />
Picolinate Cr(C 6 H 4 NO 2 ) 3 14639-25-9 418.30 ■ Solid (l) —<br />
Potassium sulphate (f,j) CrK(SO 4 ) 2·12H 2 O 7788-99-0 499.40 ■■■ 89 330<br />
Sulphate Cr 2 (SO 4 ) 3 10101-53-8 392.18 ■ Solid (l) —<br />
Chromium(IV) compounds<br />
Dioxide CrO 2 12018-01-8 83.99 ■ Solid (l) —<br />
Chromium(VI) compounds<br />
Chromic acid H 2 CrO 4 7738-94-5 118.01 ■■■ 196 — (d)<br />
Lead chromate PbCrO 4 7758-97-6 323.19 ■ 844 — (d)<br />
Potassium chromate K 2 CrO 4 7789-00-6 194.19 ■■■ 975 —<br />
Potassium dichromate K 2 Cr 2 O 7 7778-50-9 294.18 ■■ 398 500 (d)<br />
Sodium chromate Na 2 CrO 4 7775-11-3 161.97 ■■■ 792 —<br />
Sodium dichromate Na 2 Cr 2 O 7 10588-01-9 261.97 ■■■ 357 400 (d)<br />
Sodium dichromate (k) Na 2 Cr 2 O 7·2H 2 O 7789-12-0 298.00 ■■■ 357 400 (d)<br />
Trioxide CrO 3 1333-82-0 99.99 ■■■ 197 — (d)<br />
MW: molecular weight; MP: melting point; BP: boiling point.<br />
(a): Most data derived from ATSDR (2012). All data shown in the table are cross-checked with diverse literature and<br />
Internet sources.<br />
(b): Generally reported at, or near, room temperature ■: insoluble or slightly soluble; ■■: fairly soluble; ■■■: very or freely<br />
soluble.<br />
(c): Data from Patnaik (2003, 2007).<br />
(d): Decomposition.<br />
(e): Monohydrate.<br />
(f): Data from Internet sources.<br />
(g): Hexahydrate.<br />
(h): X − , glycinate anion (H 2 N-CH 2 -COO − ).<br />
(i): Nonahydrate.<br />
(j): Dodecahydrate.<br />
(k): Dehydrates at 100 °C.<br />
(l): In the absence of a reliable melting point estimate, the term merely indicates the physical state under standard<br />
conditions.<br />
1.1.3. Physico-chemical properties<br />
Elemental <strong>chromium</strong> is a silvery, shiny, hard, and brittle metal with the following key physicochemical<br />
properties (Table 2).<br />
EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3595 13