(bcls) programme - Singapore General Hospital
(bcls) programme - Singapore General Hospital (bcls) programme - Singapore General Hospital
Module 1 INTRODUCTION In Singapore, heart disease is the second commonest cause of death, being responsible for about 24% of total mortality. About 2,400 persons develop an acute heart attack in Singapore. In addition, nearly 1000 people suffer from sudden cardiac arrest in the outof-hospital environment and another few hundred sustain sudden cardiac arrest after reaching hospital. The total survival rate for the group of pre-hospital collapses is about 2.6%. Public education and training in Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) are crucial in reducing “sudden death” because the majority of these deaths occur out of hospital. One of the most startling ideas of modern medicine is that “sudden death” can be reversed. The actions taken during the first few minutes of an “Emergency” are critical to victim survival. It can be performed by any of us, anywhere. All that is needed is our two hands. REMEMBER: CPR can save lives. Do it well. Do it right. And the victim gets a chance at life. BCLS Programme 2
Module 2 The Chain of Survival The concept of “Chain of Survival” is the best approach to the treatment of victims in cardiac arrest. The four links in this chain are: Early Recognition and Access to Emergency Care, Early CPR, Early Defibrillation and Early Advanced Cardiac Care. Early Recognition and Access Early CPR Early Defibrillation Early Advanced Care First Link : Early Recognition and Access Early recognition and access refers to shortening the time interval from onset of heart attack or cardiac arrest to arrival of a trained emergency care team. It includes: • recognition of early warning signs of heart attack e.g. chest pain, sweatiness, shortness of breath, nausea or vomiting • recognition of cardiac arrest e.g. unconscious, no breathing and no pulse or ‘signs of circulation’ • rapid call for the first response team • allowing ambulances priority on the roads so that they can reach the patient quickly • allowing paramedics rapid access and priority in use of elevators in high-rise buildings. Second Link : Early CPR The brain starts dying within minutes when the heart stops pumping. CPR needs to be initiated as soon as possible to provide oxygen and blood flow to the brain and heart and remove excess carbon dioxide from the lungs. CPR cannot always re-start the heart. It can however buy the valuable time needed to keep the vital organs alive until definitive help arrives. BCLS Programme 3
- Page 1 and 2: BASIC CARDIAC LIFE SUPPORT (BCLS) P
- Page 3: C o n t e n t s Module 1 INTRODUCTI
- Page 7 and 8: 3.2 Heart ATTACK Heart attack usual
- Page 9 and 10: • Major risk factors that can be
- Page 11 and 12: Module 4 ADULT CARDIO-PULMONARY RES
- Page 13 and 14: STEP 3 SHOUT FOR HELP & ACTIVATE EM
- Page 15 and 16: • Place one hand on the victim’
- Page 17 and 18: STEP 8 LOCATE HAND POSITION FOR CHE
- Page 19 and 20: GUIDELINES FOR PROPER COMPRESSION D
- Page 21 and 22: Module 5 ADULT RECOVERY POSITION Th
- Page 23 and 24: Module 6 ADULT FOREIGN BODY AIRWAY
- Page 25 and 26: STEP 3 • Place your arms around t
- Page 27 and 28: STEP 3 • Open victim’s airway b
- Page 29 and 30: Module 7 INFANT CARDIO-PULMONARY RE
- Page 31 and 32: STEP 5 OPEN THE AIRWAY Perform a he
- Page 33 and 34: STEP 8 LOCATE LANDMARK FOR CHEST CO
- Page 35 and 36: STEP 9A PERFORM CHEST COMPRESSION
- Page 37 and 38: Module 8 INFANT RECOVERY POSITION 8
- Page 39 and 40: Module 9 INFANT FOREIGN BODY AIRWAY
- Page 41 and 42: STEP 3 BACK BLOWS AND CHEST THRUSTS
- Page 43 and 44: 9.3 RELIEF OF FBAO IN THE UNCONSCIO
- Page 45 and 46: Module 10 APPLICATION OF POCKET MAS
- Page 47 and 48: STEP 4 • Apply the rim of the mas
- Page 49 and 50: Module 11 SUMMARY CHECKLIST ADULT O
- Page 51 and 52: INFANT CPR STEPS D : Danger ACTION
- Page 53 and 54: Notes BCLS Programme 51
Module 1<br />
INTRODUCTION<br />
In <strong>Singapore</strong>, heart disease is the second commonest cause of death, being responsible<br />
for about 24% of total mortality. About 2,400 persons develop an acute heart attack in<br />
<strong>Singapore</strong>. In addition, nearly 1000 people suffer from sudden cardiac arrest in the outof-hospital<br />
environment and another few hundred sustain sudden cardiac arrest after<br />
reaching hospital. The total survival rate for the group of pre-hospital collapses is about<br />
2.6%.<br />
Public education and training in Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) are crucial in<br />
reducing “sudden death” because the majority of these deaths occur out of hospital.<br />
One of the most startling ideas of modern medicine is that “sudden death” can be<br />
reversed. The actions taken during the first few minutes of an “Emergency” are critical<br />
to victim survival. It can be performed by any of us, anywhere. All that is needed is our<br />
two hands.<br />
REMEMBER:<br />
CPR can save lives.<br />
Do it well. Do it right.<br />
And the victim gets a chance at life.<br />
BCLS Programme<br />
2
Change language