The history of gain Relaxation oscillators Harmonic oscillators
The history of gain Relaxation oscillators Harmonic oscillators
The history of gain Relaxation oscillators Harmonic oscillators
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315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>history</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>gain</strong><br />
<strong>Relaxation</strong> <strong>oscillators</strong><br />
<strong>Harmonic</strong> <strong>oscillators</strong>
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
Oscillator outputs
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
In 1874, Braun discovered that crystals can<br />
conduct current in one direction under<br />
certain conditions.<br />
An early crystal radio
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
John Ambrose Fleming, an<br />
English physicist, attached a<br />
light bulb fitted with two<br />
electrodes to a radio<br />
receiving system.
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
<strong>The</strong> next step was an invention by an<br />
American, Lee De Forest, who added<br />
an innovation component to Fleming's<br />
vacuum tube. It was a third electrode,<br />
called a grid, a network <strong>of</strong> small wires<br />
surrounding the cathode.<br />
<strong>The</strong> triode - the first amplifier<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Triode_tube_schematic.svg
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
Dr. John Bardeen, Dr. Walter Brattain, and Dr.<br />
William Shockley discovered the transistor<br />
effect and developed the first device in<br />
December, 1947, while the three were members<br />
<strong>of</strong> the technical staff at Bell Laboratories in<br />
Murray Hill, NJ. <strong>The</strong>y were awarded the Nobel<br />
Prize in physics in 1956.
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
emitter<br />
base<br />
Ic<br />
collector<br />
Ib
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
<strong>The</strong> first transistor radio.<br />
<strong>The</strong> Regency TR1, 1954<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_radio
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
<strong>The</strong> integrated circuit was invented in different forms in the United States<br />
by Jack Kilby <strong>of</strong> Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce at Fairchild<br />
Semiconductor.<br />
http://www.hrw.com/science/si-science/chemistry/careers/quartz/timeline/integrated.html
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
Op. Amps.<br />
(Operational Amplifiers)<br />
http://www.elexp.com/t_<strong>gain</strong>.htm
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
An electrical circuit with op. amps.
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
<strong>The</strong> transistor can be used as a switch<br />
http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_3/chpt_4/2.html
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
<strong>The</strong> transistor as an amplifier
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
Adding feedback to<br />
an LC circuit<br />
Hartley oscillator<br />
Colpitts oscillator<br />
http://www.electronics-tutorials.com/<strong>oscillators</strong>/oscillator-basics.htm
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
Vin<br />
G<br />
Vout<br />
An amplifier Vout = G Vin<br />
+ G<br />
An amplifier with feedback Vout = G(Vin+Β vout)
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
Vout<br />
⎛ G<br />
= Vin⎜<br />
⎝1−<br />
βG<br />
Vout/Vin<br />
⎞<br />
⎟<br />
⎠<br />
G<br />
1/G<br />
beta
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
A positive feedback oscillator<br />
α<br />
Beta>0<br />
http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/~www_pa/Scots_Guide/RadCom/part4/page1.html
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
http://www.visionics.ee/curriculum/Experiments/RC%20Phase%20Shift%20<br />
Oscillator/RC%20Phase%20Shift%20Oscillator1.html
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/~www_pa/Scots_Guide/RadCom/part4/page1.html
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
A multivibrator astable oscillator
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
<strong>The</strong> 555 IC
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
Neon Bulbs<br />
http://www.anglia.com/newsarchive/309.asp
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
A neon bulb oscillator<br />
http://wolfstone.halloweenhost.com/TechBase/xsbfix_DebuggingStrobes.html
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
http://www.du.edu/~etuttle/electron/elect10.htm
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
<strong>Relaxation</strong> <strong>oscillators</strong>
315 280 Electricity and Basic Electronics<br />
<strong>Harmonic</strong> <strong>oscillators</strong>
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