CATALYTIC REFORMING Process,Catalysts and Reactors

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Catalyst Contaminants Temporary poisons • Which can be removed <strong>and</strong> the proper Activity <strong>and</strong> Selectivity of catalyst is restored. • The most common temporary poisons ( inhibitors ) are: o o o o o Sulphur Organic nitrogen Water Oxygenated organics Halogens Catalytic Reforming 74
Catalyst Contaminants (Contd…) Permanent poisons – Which induce a loss of activity which can not be restored. Main permanent poisons are • Arsenic • Lead • Copper • Iron • Nickel • Chromium • Mercury • Sodium • Potassium Catalytic Reforming 75
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Axens India Private Limited (Privat
Page 3 and 4:
Introduction World context: Low sul
Page 5 and 6:
Introduction Gasoline Pool specific
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Introduction Constraints from strai
Page 9 and 10:
Outline • Fundamentals of Catalyt
Page 11 and 12:
Purpose of reformer Purpose of refo
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Chemical Reactions Catalytic Reform
Page 15 and 16:
Desirable reactions with hydrogen p
Page 17 and 18:
Desirable reactions with hydrogen p
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Adverse reactions • Hydrocraking
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Adverse reactions • Hydrogenolysi
Page 23 and 24: Adverse reactions • Alkylation -
Page 25 and 26: Adverse reactions • Coking - Resu
Page 27 and 28: Catalyst Distribution • Highly en
Page 29 and 30: Chemical reactions - The catalyst d
Page 31 and 32: Fixed bed reformer • The most fre
Page 33 and 34: Dualforming Texicap+ RG682 1 2 3 C
Page 35 and 36: Continuous Catalytic Regenerative R
Page 37 and 38: RegenC Combustion Gas from Dry Loop
Page 39 and 40: Processes Variables Catalytic Refor
Page 41 and 42: Process variables • Each of them
Page 43 and 44: Pressure • Pressure is the basic
Page 45 and 46: Temperature Catalytic Reforming 45
Page 47 and 48: Temperature • An increase of temp
Page 49 and 50: Space velocity • Weight hourly sp
Page 51 and 52: Hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio Catal
Page 53 and 54: Hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio • O
Page 55 and 56: Feed quality Chemical composition
Page 57 and 58: Operating Parameters Summary • He
Page 59 and 60: Catalyst The main characteristics o
Page 61 and 62: Catalyst • In the 90’s Procatal
Page 63 and 64: Catalyst • To improve the catalys
Page 65 and 66: Catalyst ‣Platinum (Pt) plus othe
Page 67 and 68: Stability • Normal causes for cat
Page 69 and 70: SUMMARY - EFFECT OF SECOND METAL
Page 71 and 72: Pilot test results Low pressure pil
Page 73: Catalysts Poisons Catalytic Reformi
Page 77 and 78: Typical Axial Fixed-Bed Reactors Ca
Page 79 and 80: Typical Radial CCR Reactor Feed Cat
Page 81 and 82: Typical Radial Fixed-Bed Reactors B
Page 83 and 84: Catalyst Sampler Refilling Sampling
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CATALYTIC REFORMING Process,Catalysts and Reactors

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