CATALYTIC REFORMING Process,Catalysts and Reactors

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Introduction European Gasoline specifications trends 2000 2005 Soon* Ultimate Severity** Sulfur, ppm max 150 50 10 5 Aromatics, vol% max 42 35 30 25 Olefins, vol% max 18 18 14 10 Benzene, vol% max 1 1 1 1 Oxygen, wt% max - 2.7 2.7 2.7 Vapor pressure, kPa max 90 60 60 50 C5+ ethers, vol%*** 15 15 15 15 Lead, ppb max 5 5 5 5 RON/MON, min 95/85 95/85 95/85 95/85 * Assumed ** Projected final limits ≥ 2015 ***banned in several states of USA Catalytic Reforming 4
Introduction Gasoline Pool specifications Bharat III Sulfur, ppm max 150 Aromatics, vol% max 42 Olefins, vol% max 21 Benzene, vol% max 1 Oxygen, wt% max - Vapor pressure, kPa max 60 RON/MON, min 91/81 Catalytic Reforming 5
Page 1 and 2: Axens India Private Limited (Privat
Page 3: Introduction World context: Low sul
Page 7 and 8: Introduction Constraints from strai
Page 9 and 10: Outline • Fundamentals of Catalyt
Page 11 and 12: Purpose of reformer Purpose of refo
Page 13 and 14: Chemical Reactions Catalytic Reform
Page 15 and 16: Desirable reactions with hydrogen p
Page 17 and 18: Desirable reactions with hydrogen p
Page 19 and 20: Adverse reactions • Hydrocraking
Page 21 and 22: Adverse reactions • Hydrogenolysi
Page 23 and 24: Adverse reactions • Alkylation -
Page 25 and 26: Adverse reactions • Coking - Resu
Page 27 and 28: Catalyst Distribution • Highly en
Page 29 and 30: Chemical reactions - The catalyst d
Page 31 and 32: Fixed bed reformer • The most fre
Page 33 and 34: Dualforming Texicap+ RG682 1 2 3 C
Page 35 and 36: Continuous Catalytic Regenerative R
Page 37 and 38: RegenC Combustion Gas from Dry Loop
Page 39 and 40: Processes Variables Catalytic Refor
Page 41 and 42: Process variables • Each of them
Page 43 and 44: Pressure • Pressure is the basic
Page 45 and 46: Temperature Catalytic Reforming 45
Page 47 and 48: Temperature • An increase of temp
Page 49 and 50: Space velocity • Weight hourly sp
Page 51 and 52: Hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio Catal
Page 53 and 54: Hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio • O
Page 55 and 56:
Feed quality Chemical composition
Page 57 and 58:
Operating Parameters Summary • He
Page 59 and 60:
Catalyst The main characteristics o
Page 61 and 62:
Catalyst • In the 90’s Procatal
Page 63 and 64:
Catalyst • To improve the catalys
Page 65 and 66:
Catalyst ‣Platinum (Pt) plus othe
Page 67 and 68:
Stability • Normal causes for cat
Page 69 and 70:
SUMMARY - EFFECT OF SECOND METAL
Page 71 and 72:
Pilot test results Low pressure pil
Page 73 and 74:
Catalysts Poisons Catalytic Reformi
Page 75 and 76:
Catalyst Contaminants (Contd…) Pe
Page 77 and 78:
Typical Axial Fixed-Bed Reactors Ca
Page 79 and 80:
Typical Radial CCR Reactor Feed Cat
Page 81 and 82:
Typical Radial Fixed-Bed Reactors B
Page 83 and 84:
Catalyst Sampler Refilling Sampling
show all

CATALYTIC REFORMING Process,Catalysts and Reactors

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?