CATALYTIC REFORMING Process,Catalysts and Reactors

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Chemical reactions – All these reactions occur in series <strong>and</strong> parallel to each other producing p a complicated reaction scheme. In n an effort to simplify the scheme according to the reaction rates the main reactions take place in the following order: • 1st reactor • 2nd <strong>and</strong> 3rd reactors • 4th reactor Dehydrogenation Isomerization Dehydrogenation Isomerization Cracking Dehydrocyclization Cracking Dehydrocyclization Catalytic Reforming 26
Catalyst Distribution • Highly endothermic transformation • Reaction rates vary widely The overall amount of catalyst needed for the transformation is distributed – not equally – among several adiabatic reactors in series with intermediary heaters providing the required heat energy input Catalytic Reforming 27
Page 1 and 2: Axens India Private Limited (Privat
Page 3 and 4: Introduction World context: Low sul
Page 5 and 6: Introduction Gasoline Pool specific
Page 7 and 8: Introduction Constraints from strai
Page 9 and 10: Outline • Fundamentals of Catalyt
Page 11 and 12: Purpose of reformer Purpose of refo
Page 13 and 14: Chemical Reactions Catalytic Reform
Page 15 and 16: Desirable reactions with hydrogen p
Page 17 and 18: Desirable reactions with hydrogen p
Page 19 and 20: Adverse reactions • Hydrocraking
Page 21 and 22: Adverse reactions • Hydrogenolysi
Page 23 and 24: Adverse reactions • Alkylation -
Page 25: Adverse reactions • Coking - Resu
Page 29 and 30: Chemical reactions - The catalyst d
Page 31 and 32: Fixed bed reformer • The most fre
Page 33 and 34: Dualforming Texicap+ RG682 1 2 3 C
Page 35 and 36: Continuous Catalytic Regenerative R
Page 37 and 38: RegenC Combustion Gas from Dry Loop
Page 39 and 40: Processes Variables Catalytic Refor
Page 41 and 42: Process variables • Each of them
Page 43 and 44: Pressure • Pressure is the basic
Page 45 and 46: Temperature Catalytic Reforming 45
Page 47 and 48: Temperature • An increase of temp
Page 49 and 50: Space velocity • Weight hourly sp
Page 51 and 52: Hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio Catal
Page 53 and 54: Hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio • O
Page 55 and 56: Feed quality Chemical composition
Page 57 and 58: Operating Parameters Summary • He
Page 59 and 60: Catalyst The main characteristics o
Page 61 and 62: Catalyst • In the 90’s Procatal
Page 63 and 64: Catalyst • To improve the catalys
Page 65 and 66: Catalyst ‣Platinum (Pt) plus othe
Page 67 and 68: Stability • Normal causes for cat
Page 69 and 70: SUMMARY - EFFECT OF SECOND METAL
Page 71 and 72: Pilot test results Low pressure pil
Page 73 and 74: Catalysts Poisons Catalytic Reformi
Page 75 and 76: Catalyst Contaminants (Contd…) Pe
Page 77 and 78:
Typical Axial Fixed-Bed Reactors Ca
Page 79 and 80:
Typical Radial CCR Reactor Feed Cat
Page 81 and 82:
Typical Radial Fixed-Bed Reactors B
Page 83 and 84:
Catalyst Sampler Refilling Sampling
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CATALYTIC REFORMING Process,Catalysts and Reactors

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