Mise en page 1 - Solvay Institutes
Mise en page 1 - Solvay Institutes
Mise en page 1 - Solvay Institutes
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R E P O R T
R E P O R T<br />
2 0 0 5
“For a new Foundation, to find such example of prud<strong>en</strong>t<br />
and princely <strong>en</strong>dowm<strong>en</strong>t based on sympathy and personal<br />
assistance by donors, one has to go back to the 15th C<strong>en</strong>tury,<br />
at the time where the Medicis family made Flor<strong>en</strong>ce the<br />
most intellectual of cities in the world not only through the<br />
power of money but also through the active collaboration<br />
of the g<strong>en</strong>ius of its members.”<br />
Sir William Pope, Presid<strong>en</strong>t of the<br />
International Sci<strong>en</strong>tific Committee for<br />
Chemistry of the <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong><br />
(1921-1936).<br />
“The creation of these <strong>Institutes</strong>, which will keep alive the<br />
great figure of Ernest <strong>Solvay</strong> in the memory of Researchers,<br />
will appear more and more like one of the most important<br />
ev<strong>en</strong>ts of the history of the developm<strong>en</strong>t of Sci<strong>en</strong>ce.”<br />
Jean Perrin, Nobel Prize for Physics.
The International <strong>Institutes</strong> for Physics and Chemistry, founded by Ernest <strong>Solvay</strong>, acknowledge<br />
with gratitude the g<strong>en</strong>erous support of :<br />
• the <strong>Solvay</strong> family,<br />
• <strong>Solvay</strong> S.A.- N.V.,<br />
• the Université Libre de Bruxelles,<br />
• the Vrije Universiteit Brussel,<br />
• the Belgian National Lottery,<br />
• the Communauté Française de Belgique,<br />
• the Foundation David and Alice Van Buur<strong>en</strong>,<br />
• the Hôtel Métropole.
C O N T E N T S<br />
A word from the Director 10<br />
G<strong>en</strong>eral Information 13<br />
•Board of Directors 14<br />
•Sci<strong>en</strong>tific Committee for Physics 16<br />
•Sci<strong>en</strong>tific Committee for Chemistry 17<br />
•Local Sci<strong>en</strong>tific Committee 18<br />
•Honorary Members 19<br />
23rd <strong>Solvay</strong> Confer<strong>en</strong>ce on Physics “The Quantum Structure of Space and Time” 21<br />
Signature Ceremony of Cooperation Agreem<strong>en</strong>t betwe<strong>en</strong> the <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong><br />
and the two Universities of Brussels 41<br />
Workshops, Symposia and Schools organized by the <strong>Institutes</strong> 49<br />
•Workshop “Dark Matters” 51<br />
•Modave Summer School in Mathematical Physics 59<br />
Colloquia 65<br />
•Pr. Pierre Ramond (Gainesville, Florida) “No sunsets for Neutrino Eyes” 66<br />
•Dr Andrew Delano (University of Colorado) “The Einstein-Szilard<br />
Refrigerator : History, Theory and Prototype” 67<br />
Workshops and Confer<strong>en</strong>ces sponsored by the <strong>Institutes</strong> 69<br />
•International Confer<strong>en</strong>ce “Nonlinearity, Fluctuations, and Complexity” 71<br />
•Magnetohydrodynamics Summer Program 2005 85<br />
Seminars and Visitors 93<br />
•Seminars 94<br />
•Visitors 98<br />
Research carried out in the groups of the Director and the Deputy Director 101<br />
•Members 102<br />
•Research Summary 104<br />
•Research interests of new Faculty members 110<br />
•List of publications 117<br />
•Invited Talks 125<br />
Other sci<strong>en</strong>tific report 131<br />
•Michèle Sanglier 132<br />
App<strong>en</strong>dix : Outreach 133<br />
•Radio and Television interviews 134<br />
•Newspapers 135<br />
-9-
A w o r d f r o m t h e D i r e c t o r<br />
The year 2005 has be<strong>en</strong> particularly important in<br />
the life of the International <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong> for<br />
Physics and Chemistry. It has be<strong>en</strong> marked by two<br />
promin<strong>en</strong>t ev<strong>en</strong>ts: the signature of new cooperation<br />
agreem<strong>en</strong>ts betwe<strong>en</strong> the <strong>Institutes</strong>, the<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles and the Vrije<br />
Universiteit Brussel on the one hand; and the 23rd<br />
<strong>Solvay</strong> Confer<strong>en</strong>ce on Physics on the other hand.<br />
From the very beginning, the activities of the<br />
<strong>Institutes</strong> have be<strong>en</strong> pursued in close collaboration<br />
with the Free University (to become Free<br />
Universities) of Brussels. This was the wish of<br />
their founder, Ernest <strong>Solvay</strong>. The <strong>Institutes</strong> overw<strong>en</strong>t<br />
in the last years a difficult restructuring<br />
period, in which the help of the Universities<br />
played a critical role. It appeared therefore quite appropriate<br />
to formalize the str<strong>en</strong>gth<strong>en</strong>ed ties with the<br />
Universities in writt<strong>en</strong> cooperation agreem<strong>en</strong>ts. The signature<br />
of these agreem<strong>en</strong>ts took place at the Palace of the<br />
Academies on June 22, 2005, in a ceremony where our<br />
Presid<strong>en</strong>t Mr. <strong>Solvay</strong>, the Rectors of the Brussels Universities<br />
and the Ministers for Research of the two Communities<br />
honored us with speeches. Spl<strong>en</strong>did lectures by Nobel Laureates<br />
Gerard ’t Hooft (Physics 1999) and Kurt Wüthrich<br />
(Chemistry 2002) closed the ev<strong>en</strong>t.<br />
The <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong> are r<strong>en</strong>owned worldwide for the<br />
leg<strong>en</strong>dary <strong>Solvay</strong> Confer<strong>en</strong>ces. The 23rd <strong>Solvay</strong> Confer<strong>en</strong>ce<br />
on Physics, <strong>en</strong>titled “The Quantum Structure of Space and<br />
Time”, took place from December 1 through December 3. It<br />
did not break with the tradition. Devoted to a fundam<strong>en</strong>tal<br />
issue which is one of the major chall<strong>en</strong>ges of 21st c<strong>en</strong>tury<br />
physics, it gathered in Brussels most of the world lea-<br />
-10-
A w o r d f r o m t h e D i r e c t o r<br />
ders in the field. The picture of the 23rd Confer<strong>en</strong>ce will be<br />
a bright addition to our exceptional picture gallery! The<br />
success of the confer<strong>en</strong>ce owes much to its chair, David<br />
Gross (2004 Nobel Laureate in Physics), whom I am pleased<br />
to heartily thank in the name of the <strong>Institutes</strong>.<br />
Following the <strong>Solvay</strong> Confer<strong>en</strong>ce in Physics, and in line<br />
with the international year of physics, a public ev<strong>en</strong>t<br />
popularizing the sci<strong>en</strong>tific questions debated during the<br />
23rd Confer<strong>en</strong>ce was organized in partnership with the<br />
European Commission, to which we are most grateful.<br />
This “première” was a spectacular popular success that<br />
contributed to increasing the visibility of the <strong>Institutes</strong><br />
within Belgium and Europe. It is definitely an experi<strong>en</strong>ce<br />
to be r<strong>en</strong>ewed!<br />
These two c<strong>en</strong>tral ev<strong>en</strong>ts, as well as the other sci<strong>en</strong>tific activities<br />
pursued at the <strong>Institutes</strong> in 2005, are reviewed in this<br />
annual report. The report covers also the research carried<br />
out in the groups of the director and of the deputy director<br />
during that same period.<br />
The year 2005 has witnessed a welcome diminution of the<br />
t<strong>en</strong>sion on the finances. The straight loan has now be<strong>en</strong><br />
reduced to a more reasonable level, which allows the<br />
launch of new initiatives (we will start to set up international<br />
chairs in the near future). I would like to thank our treasurer,<br />
Mr. Bing<strong>en</strong>, who has helped to follow strict managem<strong>en</strong>t<br />
rules. The loan is still a matter of concern since it<br />
costs to the <strong>Institutes</strong> the equival<strong>en</strong>t of one postdoctoral<br />
sci<strong>en</strong>tist per year in bank interests. The policy of budgetary<br />
austerity will be carried on in the years to come, so that we<br />
can fully b<strong>en</strong>efit in a not-too-distant future from the yield<br />
of the capital.<br />
-11-
A w o r d f r o m t h e D i r e c t o r<br />
The task of completing the sci<strong>en</strong>tific committee for chemistry<br />
has be<strong>en</strong> achieved in 2005. The committee is now operational<br />
and already working on the preparation of the<br />
next <strong>Solvay</strong> Confer<strong>en</strong>ce on Chemistry, the 21st one, which<br />
will take place in 2007.<br />
The success of our activities in 2005 reinforces my conviction<br />
that the International <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong> have, more<br />
than ever, a c<strong>en</strong>tral role to play in supporting sci<strong>en</strong>tific<br />
excell<strong>en</strong>ce at the world level. I look forward to the continued<br />
success of the <strong>Institutes</strong> in 2006.<br />
Finally, I would like to thank our sponsors, and in particular,<br />
the <strong>Solvay</strong> family, for their g<strong>en</strong>erous support which made<br />
the activities described in the report possible. I would also<br />
like to thank the <strong>en</strong>tire staff working at the <strong>Institutes</strong> for<br />
their faithful dedication.<br />
Marc H<strong>en</strong>neaux<br />
-12-
G e n e r a l I n f o r m a t i o n
I n t e r n a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e s f o r P h y s i c s<br />
Presid<strong>en</strong>t of the Board of Directors: Mr Jacques <strong>Solvay</strong><br />
Vice-Presid<strong>en</strong>t of the Board of Directors: Mr Franz Bing<strong>en</strong> (VUB)<br />
Director:<br />
Mr Marc H<strong>en</strong>neaux (ULB)<br />
Deputy Director:<br />
Mr Franklin Lambert (VUB)<br />
Administrative Assistants:<br />
Ms Dominique Bogaerts<br />
Ms Fabi<strong>en</strong>ne De Neyn<br />
Ms Stéphanie Deprins<br />
Ms Isabelle Juif<br />
Accountant:<br />
Ms Chantal Verrier<br />
Postal Address : IIPC-<strong>Solvay</strong>, Campus Plaine ULB/CP 231, B-1050 Brussels<br />
(Belgium)<br />
Tel: + 32 2 650 54 23 • + 32 2 650 55 42 • Fax: + 32 2 650 50 28<br />
Emails: dobogaer@ulb.ac.be, Isabelle.Juif@ulb.ac.be<br />
Website : http://www.solvayinstitutes.be<br />
Board of Directors<br />
Members:<br />
Mr Jacques <strong>Solvay</strong>,<br />
Presid<strong>en</strong>t;<br />
Professor Franz Bing<strong>en</strong>, Vice-Presid<strong>en</strong>t and Emeritus -<br />
Professor VUB;<br />
Baron Daniel Janss<strong>en</strong>,<br />
Presid<strong>en</strong>t of the Board of<br />
Directors of <strong>Solvay</strong> S.A;<br />
Professor Franklin Lambert,<br />
Deputy Director and<br />
Professor VUB;<br />
Professor R<strong>en</strong>é Lefever,<br />
Professor ULB;<br />
Professor Grégoire Nicolis,<br />
Professor ULB;<br />
-14-
a n d C h e m i s t r y , f o u n d e d b y E . S o l v a y<br />
Mr Jean-Marie Piret,<br />
Professor Jean-Louis Vanherweghem,<br />
Professor Irina Veret<strong>en</strong>nicoff,<br />
Attorney G<strong>en</strong>eral of the<br />
Supreme Court of Appeal and<br />
Honorary Principal Private<br />
Secretary to the King;<br />
Presid<strong>en</strong>t of the<br />
Administrative Board of ULB;<br />
Professor VUB.<br />
Honorary Member:<br />
Baron Jaumotte,<br />
Honorary Rector and<br />
Honorary Presid<strong>en</strong>t ULB.<br />
Guests :<br />
Professor Albert Goldbeter,<br />
Mr Pascal De Wit,<br />
Professor Niceas Schamp,<br />
Professor Alexander Sevrin,<br />
Professor ULB and Sci<strong>en</strong>tific<br />
Secretary of the Committee<br />
for Chemistry;<br />
Adviser <strong>Solvay</strong> S.A;<br />
Secretary of The Royal Flemish<br />
Academy for Sci<strong>en</strong>ce and the<br />
Arts;<br />
Professor VUB and Sci<strong>en</strong>tific<br />
Secretary of the Committee<br />
for Physics.<br />
-15-
I n t e r n a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e s f o r P h y s i c s<br />
Sci<strong>en</strong>tific Committee for Physics<br />
Chair :<br />
Members (second term) :<br />
(2004-2009)<br />
Professor Fortunato Tito ARECCHI,<br />
Università di Fir<strong>en</strong>ze and INOA, Italy;<br />
Professor Claude COHEN-TANNOUDJI,<br />
Nobel Prize 1997, Ecole Normale<br />
Supérieure, Paris, France;<br />
Professor Ludwig FADDEEV, V.A Steklov<br />
Mathematical Institute, St-Petersburg,<br />
Russia;<br />
Professor Gerard ’t HOOFT,<br />
Nobel Prize 1999, Spinoza Instituut,<br />
Utrecht, The Netherlands.<br />
Members (first term) :<br />
(2004-2009)<br />
Professor Jocelyn BELL BURNELL,<br />
University of Bath, UK;<br />
Professor David GROSS, Nobel Prize<br />
2004, Kavli Institute, Santa Barbara, USA;<br />
Professor Klaus VON KLITZING, Nobel<br />
Prize 1985, Max-Planck-Institut,<br />
Stuttgart, Germany;<br />
Sci<strong>en</strong>tific Secretary :<br />
Professor Pierre RAMOND, University<br />
of Florida, Gainesville, USA.<br />
Professor Alexander SEVRIN, Vrije<br />
Universiteit Brussel.<br />
Professor Herbert WALTHER, Max-<br />
Planck-Institut, Munich, Germany.<br />
-16-
a n d C h e m i s t r y , f o u n d e d b y E . S o l v a y<br />
Sci<strong>en</strong>tific Committee for Chemistry<br />
Chair :<br />
Professor Stuart RICE, University of<br />
Chicago, USA.<br />
Members (second term) : Professor Manfred EIGEN, Nobel Prize<br />
1967, Max-Planck-Institut, Götting<strong>en</strong>,<br />
(2005-2010) Germany;<br />
Professor Jean-Marie LEHN, Nobel<br />
Prize 1987, Collège de France, Paris,<br />
France;<br />
Professor Mario J. MOLINA, Nobel Prize<br />
1995, Massachussets Institute of<br />
Technology, Cambridge, U.S.A.;<br />
Professor Guy OURISSON, C<strong>en</strong>tre de<br />
Neurochimie, Strasbourg, France.<br />
Members (first term) :<br />
(2005-2010)<br />
Professor Graham FLEMING, University<br />
of Berkeley, U.S.A.;<br />
Professor Harold W. KROTO, Nobel<br />
Prize 1996, University of Sussex,<br />
Brighton, United Kingdom;<br />
Professor H<strong>en</strong>k N.W. LEKKERKERKER,<br />
Utrecht Universiteit , The Nederlands;<br />
Professor K.C. NICOLAOU, University<br />
of California, San Diego, U.S.A.;<br />
-17-
I n t e r n a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e s f o r P h y s i c s<br />
Members (first term) : Professor Kurt WÜTHRICH, Nobel Prize<br />
2002, Institut Fédéral Suisse de<br />
(2005-2010) Technologie, Zurich, Switzerland.<br />
Sci<strong>en</strong>tific Secretary :<br />
Professor Albert GOLDBETER,<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles.<br />
Local Sci<strong>en</strong>tific Committee<br />
Chair :<br />
Professor Marc HENNEAUX (ULB).<br />
Members :<br />
Professor Pierre GASPARD (ULB);<br />
Professor Paul GEERLINGS (VUB);<br />
Professor Albert GOLDBETER (ULB);<br />
Professor Franklin LAMBERT (VUB);<br />
Professor R<strong>en</strong>é LEFEVER (ULB) ;<br />
Professor Alexander SEVRIN (VUB).<br />
-18-
a n d C h e m i s t r y , f o u n d e d b y E . S o l v a y<br />
Honorary members<br />
Professor Anatole ABRAGAM, Collège<br />
de France, Paris, France;<br />
Professor Robert BROUT, Université<br />
libre de Bruxelles, Belgium;<br />
Professor François ENGLERT, Université<br />
libre de Bruxelles, Belgium ;<br />
Professor Ephraïm KATCHALSKY,<br />
Weizmann Institute, Israel;<br />
Professor I.M. KHALATNIKOFF, Landau<br />
Institute of Theoretical Physics,<br />
Moscow, Russia;<br />
Professor William LIPSCOMB, Nobel<br />
Prize 1976, Harvard University, U.S.A. ;<br />
Professor V. MASLOV, Moscow State<br />
University, Russia;<br />
Professor Morikazu TODA, Tokyo<br />
University of Education, Japan;<br />
Professor Yuval NE’EMAN, Tel-Aviv<br />
University, Israel;<br />
Professor Victor A. SADOVNICHY,<br />
Rector of Moscow State<br />
University, Russia;<br />
-19-
I n t e r n a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e s f o r P h y s i c s<br />
Honorary members<br />
Professor Roald SAGDEEV, University of<br />
Maryland, College Park, U.S.A.;<br />
Professor E.C.G. SUDARSHAN,<br />
University of Texas at Austin, U.S.A.<br />
-20-
T h e 2 3 r d S o l v a y C o n f e r e n c e o n P h y s i c s<br />
B r u s s e l s , 1 - 3 D e c e m b e r 2 0 0 5
T h e 2 3 r d S o l v a y C o n f e r e n c e o n P h y s i c s<br />
23 rd <strong>Solvay</strong> Confer<strong>en</strong>ce on Physics<br />
“The Quantum Structure<br />
of Space and Time”<br />
The 23rd <strong>Solvay</strong> Confer<strong>en</strong>ce on Physics took place in<br />
Brussels from December 1 through December 3, 2005. It<br />
gathered in Brussels most of the world experts working on<br />
one of the hottest topics in theoretical physics : that of<br />
reconciling two pillars of modern physics, Einstein theory<br />
of gravity and quantum mechanics.<br />
Times have changed since 1911. There are now many more<br />
confer<strong>en</strong>ces than there were th<strong>en</strong>. Nevertherless, the peculiar<br />
format of the <strong>Solvay</strong> Confer<strong>en</strong>ces, which privileges<br />
int<strong>en</strong>se discussions among a small number of invited participants,<br />
makes them quite exceptional – in fact unique in<br />
the world. The sci<strong>en</strong>tific success of the 23rd <strong>Solvay</strong> Confer<strong>en</strong>ce<br />
clearly demonstrates, if it was necessary, that the<br />
need for such meetings remains today as vivid as ever.<br />
The <strong>Solvay</strong> Confer<strong>en</strong>ces have always b<strong>en</strong>efitted from the<br />
support and <strong>en</strong>couragem<strong>en</strong>t of the Royal Family. His Royal<br />
Highness Prince Philippe of Belgium att<strong>en</strong>ded the first session<br />
of<br />
the 23rd Confer<strong>en</strong>ce, on history, and met some of the participants<br />
at the coffee break.<br />
-22-
T h e 2 3 r d S o l v a y C o n f e r e n c e o n P h y s i c s<br />
The next <strong>page</strong>s of this report cover the sci<strong>en</strong>tific background<br />
of the meeting, the program, the list of participants,<br />
some press articles as well as a brief description of<br />
the public ev<strong>en</strong>t that followed the Confer<strong>en</strong>ce.<br />
On December 1, a live interview of confer<strong>en</strong>ce participants<br />
and Nobel Laureates Murray Gell-Mann, David Gross and<br />
Gerard ’t Hooft was conducted by CERN in the context of<br />
their worldwide webcast “Beyond Einstein” that reached<br />
thousands of stud<strong>en</strong>ts around the globe. (http://beyondeinstein.web.cern.ch/beyond-einstein/)<br />
-23-
T h e 2 3 r d S o l v a y C o n f e r e n c e o n P h y s i c s<br />
“The Quantum Structure of<br />
Space and Time”<br />
S c i e n t i f i c b a c k g r o u n d<br />
The c<strong>en</strong>tral sci<strong>en</strong>tific issues under focus at the 23rd <strong>Solvay</strong><br />
Confer<strong>en</strong>ce are :<br />
Quantum gravity<br />
Two major achievem<strong>en</strong>ts of early 20th<br />
c<strong>en</strong>tury physics were the developm<strong>en</strong>t of<br />
quantum mechanics and the discovery<br />
by Einstein of the theory<br />
of g<strong>en</strong>eral relativity. The former<br />
describes the laws of physics at the<br />
smallest scales while the latter is the classical<br />
theory of gravity, which dominates physics at<br />
the largest scales. Both theories have be<strong>en</strong><br />
checked in numerous settings and with an<br />
astonishing accuracy. In view of this, it is<br />
highly surprising that both theories are<br />
found to be mutually incompatible: all<br />
attempts to quantize gravity along the lines that<br />
proved successful for the other forces lead to insurmountable<br />
difficulties (e.g. infinite probabilities).<br />
Reconciling g<strong>en</strong>eral relativity with quantum mechanics is a<br />
chall<strong>en</strong>ge for the 21st c<strong>en</strong>tury. A very promising av<strong>en</strong>ue is<br />
string theory, in which the fundam<strong>en</strong>tal quanta are not<br />
point particles but ext<strong>en</strong>ded objects. String theory realizes<br />
-24-
T h e 2 3 r d S o l v a y C o n f e r e n c e o n P h y s i c s<br />
the old dream of Einstein of unifying all the forces and matter.<br />
Other interesting approaches to quantum gravity exist.<br />
All these indicate that our concepts of space and time<br />
(including the very notion of spacetime dim<strong>en</strong>sion) will<br />
have to be dramatically revised at the microscopic level.<br />
Quantum mechanics will most likely also need important<br />
revisions.<br />
Black holes, cosmology & singularities<br />
G<strong>en</strong>eral relativity predicts singularities in the structure of<br />
spacetime, i.e., places where the spacetime geometry is<br />
infinitely distorted (infinite dilation<br />
of time, infinite streching<br />
or infinite squeezing of<br />
spatial distances). This<br />
occurs inside black<br />
holes – objects<br />
whose gravitational<br />
attraction is so<br />
strong that nothing,<br />
not ev<strong>en</strong> light, can<br />
escape from them –<br />
and in the past evolution<br />
of the universe itself<br />
(“big bang”).<br />
Singularities are clearly unphysical<br />
objects. Their prediction by the theory indicates a limitation<br />
of (non quantum) g<strong>en</strong>eral relativity. It is expected that<br />
singularities will be smoothed out, i.e., made regular, by<br />
quantum effects. Studying singularities will therefore provide<br />
important clues to quantum gravity and, in addition,<br />
-25-
T h e 2 3 r d S o l v a y C o n f e r e n c e o n P h y s i c s<br />
will deep<strong>en</strong> our understanding of black holes as well as of<br />
our universe in the very first mom<strong>en</strong>ts of its history.<br />
Mathematical aspects<br />
Gravity and mathematics have had close and fruitful ties<br />
since the Newtonian times. There are many indications<br />
that quantum gravity will require new mathematics that<br />
do not exist yet. The ties betwe<strong>en</strong> theoretical physics and<br />
mathematics will thus deep<strong>en</strong> further in the future and<br />
continue to bring fundam<strong>en</strong>tal developm<strong>en</strong>ts in both physics<br />
and mathematics.<br />
-26-
T h e 2 3 r d S o l v a y C o n f e r e n c e o n P h y s i c s<br />
Sci<strong>en</strong>tific programme<br />
Wednesday, November 30th, 2005<br />
Ev<strong>en</strong>ing (7pm – 9pm) : Reception at the Brussels City<br />
Hall<br />
Thursday, December 1, 2005<br />
Morning (8:45 am – 12 am):<br />
In the pres<strong>en</strong>ce of His Royal<br />
Highness Prince Philippe of<br />
Belgium.<br />
“Op<strong>en</strong>ing”(9:00 am – 9:10 am)<br />
M. HENNEAUX & D. GROSS<br />
“History” (9:10 am – 10:00 am)<br />
Chair : M. HENNEAUX<br />
Rapporteur : P. GALISON<br />
Coffee break(10:00 am – 10:30 am)<br />
“Quantum Mechanics”<br />
(10:30 am – 12:00 am)<br />
Chair : D. GROSS<br />
Rapporteur : J. HARTLE<br />
Prepared comm<strong>en</strong>ts : G. ’t HOOFT<br />
& Discussions<br />
Afternoon (2 pm – 5 pm) :<br />
“Singularities”<br />
Chair : G. HOROWITZ<br />
Rapporteur : G. GIBBONS<br />
Prepared Comm<strong>en</strong>ts: N. TUROK,<br />
A. ASHTEKAR, T. DAMOUR,<br />
S. SHENKER, E. SILVERSTEIN.<br />
-27-
T h e 2 3 r d S o l v a y C o n f e r e n c e o n P h y s i c s<br />
Rapporteur Talk & Discussions<br />
(2:00 pm – 3:00 pm)<br />
Coffee break (3:00 pm – 3:30 pm)<br />
Discussions & Comm<strong>en</strong>ts<br />
(3:30 pm – 5:00 pm)<br />
Ev<strong>en</strong>ing :<br />
Reception at the <strong>Solvay</strong>s<br />
Friday, December 2, 2005<br />
Morning (9 am – 12 am) :<br />
“Mathematical Structures”<br />
Chair : H. OOGURI<br />
Rapporteur : R. DIJKGRAAF<br />
Prepared Comm<strong>en</strong>ts :<br />
M. ATIYAH, M. DOUGLAS,<br />
R. KALLOSH, N. NEKRASOV,<br />
H. NICOLAI, A. STROMINGER,<br />
S.-T. YAU<br />
Rapporteur Talk & Discussions<br />
(9:00 am – 10:00 am)<br />
Coffee break (10:00 am – 10:20 am)<br />
Discussions & Comm<strong>en</strong>ts<br />
(10:30 pm – 12:00 pm)<br />
Afternoon (2 pm – 5 pm) :<br />
Social Activities<br />
Ev<strong>en</strong>ing :<br />
Banquet at the Métropole<br />
-28-
T h e 2 3 r d S o l v a y C o n f e r e n c e o n P h y s i c s<br />
Saturday, December 3, 2005<br />
Morning (9 am – 12 am) :<br />
“Emerg<strong>en</strong>t Spacetime”<br />
Chair : J. HARVEY<br />
Rapporteur : N. SEIBERG<br />
Prepared Comm<strong>en</strong>ts : T. BANKS,<br />
I. KLEBANOV, J. MALDACENA,<br />
A. POLYAKOV<br />
RapporteurTalk & Discussions<br />
(9:00 am – 10:00 am)<br />
Coffee break (10:00 am – 10:30 am)<br />
Discussions & Comm<strong>en</strong>ts<br />
(10:30 pm – 12:00 pm)<br />
Afternoon (2 pm – 5 pm) :<br />
“Cosmology”<br />
Chair : S. SHENKER<br />
Rapporteur : J. POLCHINSKI<br />
Prepared Comm<strong>en</strong>ts : T. BANKS,<br />
A. GUTH, S. KACHRU, R. KALLOSH,<br />
A. LINDE, P. STEINHARDT,<br />
S. WEINBERG<br />
Rapporteur Talk & Discussions<br />
(2:00 pm – 3:00 pm)<br />
Coffee break (3:00 pm – 3:20 pm)<br />
Discussions & Comm<strong>en</strong>ts<br />
(3:30 pm – 5:00 pm)<br />
Afternoon (5 pm – 5:30 pm) : “Concluding Remarks” D. GROSS<br />
-29-
T h e 2 3 r d S o l v a y C o n f e r e n c e o n P h y s i c s<br />
Participants<br />
First Name Name Institution<br />
Nima ARKANI-HAMED Harvard University<br />
Abhay ASHTEKAR P<strong>en</strong>nsylvania State University<br />
Michael ATIYAH University of Edinburgh<br />
Constantin BACHAS Ecole Normale Supérieure (Paris)<br />
Tom BANKS Rutgers University<br />
Lars BRINK Chalmers University of Technology<br />
and Göteborg University<br />
Robert BROUT ULB<br />
Claudio BUNSTER C<strong>en</strong>tro de Estudios Ci<strong>en</strong>tíficos<br />
(Valdivia)<br />
Curtis CALLAN Princeton Univesity<br />
Thibault DAMOUR Institut des Hautes Etudes<br />
Sci<strong>en</strong>tifiques (Paris)<br />
Jan DE BOER University of Amsterdam<br />
Bernard DE WIT University of Utrecht<br />
Robbert DIJKGRAAF University of Amsterdam<br />
Michael R. DOUGLAS Rutgers University<br />
Georgi DVALI New York University<br />
François ENGLERT ULB<br />
Ludwig FADDEEV Steklov Institute of Mathematics,<br />
St Petersburg<br />
Pierre FAYET Ecole Normale Supérieure (Paris)<br />
Willy FISCHLER University of Texas at Austin<br />
Peter GALISON Harvard University<br />
Murray GELL-MANN Santa Fe Institute<br />
Gary W. GIBBONS University of Cambridge<br />
Michael B. GREEN University of Cambridge<br />
Brian R. GREENE Columbia University<br />
-30-
T h e 2 3 r d S o l v a y C o n f e r e n c e o n P h y s i c s<br />
David GROSS Kavli Institute & University of<br />
California at Santa Barbara<br />
Alan GUTH Massachusetts Institute of<br />
Technology<br />
Jeffrey HARVEY Enrico Fermi Institute (Chicago)<br />
Gary HOROWITZ University of California at<br />
Santa Barbara<br />
Bernard JULIA Ecole Normale Supérieure (Paris)<br />
Shamit KACHRU Stanford University<br />
R<strong>en</strong>ata KALLOSH Stanford University<br />
Elias KIRITSIS Ecole Polytechnique (Paris)<br />
Igor KLEBANOV Princeton University<br />
Andrei LINDE Stanford University<br />
Dieter LÜST Max-Planck-Institut für Physik<br />
(Munich)<br />
Juan MALDACENA Institute for Advanced Study<br />
(Princeton)<br />
Nikita NEKRASOV Institut des Hautes Etudes<br />
Sci<strong>en</strong>tifiques (Paris)<br />
Hermann NICOLAI Max-Panck-Institut für<br />
Gravitationsphysik (Potsdam)<br />
Hirosi OOGURI California Institute of Technology<br />
Joseph POLCHINSKI Kavli Institute & University of<br />
California at Santa Barbara<br />
Alexander POLYAKOV Princeton University<br />
Eliezer RABINOVICI The Hebrew University<br />
(Jerusalem)<br />
Pierre RAMOND University of Florida at Gainesville<br />
Lisa RANDALL Harvard University<br />
Valery RUBAKOV Inst. for Nuclear Research<br />
(Moscow)<br />
John SCHWARZ California Institute of Technology<br />
Nathan SEIBERG Institute for Advanced Study<br />
(Princeton)<br />
-31-
T h e 2 3 r d S o l v a y C o n f e r e n c e o n P h y s i c s<br />
Ashoke SEN Harish-Chandra Research Institute<br />
(India)<br />
Steph<strong>en</strong> SHENKER Stanford University<br />
Eva SILVERSTEIN Stanford University<br />
Paul J. STEINHARDT Princeton University<br />
Andrew STROMINGER Harvard University<br />
Gerard ’t HOOFT Spinoza Instituut Utrecht<br />
Neil TUROK University of Cambridge<br />
Gabriele VENEZIANO Collège de France (Paris)<br />
Stev<strong>en</strong> WEINBERG University of Texas at Austin<br />
Frank WILCZEK Massachusetts Institute of<br />
Technology<br />
Paul WINDEY Université Pierre et Marie Curie<br />
(Paris)<br />
Shing-Tung YAU Harvard University<br />
-32-
T h e 2 3 r d S o l v a y C o n f e r e n c e o n P h y s i c s<br />
Belgian auditors<br />
First Name Last Name Institution<br />
Riccardo ARGURIO ULB<br />
Gl<strong>en</strong>n BARNICH ULB<br />
B<strong>en</strong> CRAPS VUB<br />
Frank FERRARI ULB<br />
Jean-Marie FRERE ULB<br />
Raymond GASTMANS KUL<br />
Marc HENNEAUX ULB<br />
Thomas HERTOG CERN<br />
Laur<strong>en</strong>t HOUART ULB<br />
Franklin LAMBERT VUB<br />
Christiane SCHOMBLOND ULB<br />
Alexander SEVRIN VUB<br />
Philippe SPINDEL UMH<br />
Peter TINYAKOV ULB<br />
Walter TROOST KUL<br />
Jan TROOST ENS<br />
Michel TYTGAT ULB<br />
Antoine VAN PROEYEN KUL<br />
-33-
December 1, 2005 -<br />
Le Monde (p.8)
T h e 2 3 r d S o l v a y C o n f e r e n c e o n P h y s i c s<br />
February 2006 –<br />
La Recherche (p. 11)<br />
November 30, 2005 –<br />
Le Soir (p. 17)<br />
-36-
T h e 2 3 r d S o l v a y C o n f e r e n c e o n P h y s i c s<br />
The <strong>Solvay</strong> Confer<strong>en</strong>ce public ev<strong>en</strong>t<br />
Sunday 4 December 2005<br />
For the very first time in its history the <strong>Solvay</strong> Confer<strong>en</strong>ce<br />
has op<strong>en</strong>ed its doors to the public. Indeed, a half-day public<br />
ev<strong>en</strong>t has followed the 23rd <strong>Solvay</strong> Confer<strong>en</strong>ce in Physics on<br />
December 4, 2005.<br />
During this afternoon, people had the possibility to follow<br />
the talks giv<strong>en</strong> by the famous sci<strong>en</strong>tists Robbert Dijkgraaf<br />
“Strings, Black Holes the End of Space and Time” and Brian<br />
Gre<strong>en</strong>e “The Fabric of the Cosmos : Space, Time and the<br />
Texture of Reality” , to meet the Nobel Prize laureates David<br />
Gross (2004) and Gerard ’t Hooft (1999) as well as other participants<br />
in the 2005 <strong>Solvay</strong> Confer<strong>en</strong>ce: Thibault Damour<br />
(IHES), Lisa Randall (Harvard University), Gabriele<br />
V<strong>en</strong>eziano (Collège de France) and to ask them questions<br />
about the Universe.<br />
People could ask their questions in advance on the website<br />
of the ev<strong>en</strong>t.<br />
The public ev<strong>en</strong>t has be<strong>en</strong> organised with the collaboration<br />
of the European Commission and has tak<strong>en</strong> place in the<br />
“Charlemagne” building of the European Commission.<br />
The public ev<strong>en</strong>t has be<strong>en</strong> a definite success, with about<br />
one thousand participants.<br />
-38-
T h e 2 3 r d S o l v a y C o n f e r e n c e o n P h y s i c s<br />
-39-
T h e 2 3 r d S o l v a y C o n f e r e n c e o n P h y s i c s<br />
Some comm<strong>en</strong>ts s<strong>en</strong>t by e-mail after the lectures by some<br />
participants at the public ev<strong>en</strong>t (we have received 166 comm<strong>en</strong>ts<br />
) :<br />
• Many thanks for this extraordinary opportunity to<br />
meet sci<strong>en</strong>tists moving apart the frontiers of the<br />
most basic knowledge.<br />
• Merci pour cette superbe initiative. Une façon très<br />
concrète de r<strong>en</strong>dre l'UE proche des citoy<strong>en</strong>s, et de<br />
stimuler l'intérêt pour la sci<strong>en</strong>ce. Bravo.<br />
Participants to the<br />
public ev<strong>en</strong>t according<br />
to categories<br />
• I feel that the speakers brought the subject to life<br />
very effectively, and I think the whole initiative<br />
(popularising sci<strong>en</strong>ce,<br />
February, 2006 – RTD info N r 48 p. 20<br />
making it accessible to<br />
"the people") is an<br />
excell<strong>en</strong>t idea.<br />
• Zeer goed! Prachtig<br />
initiatief om wet<strong>en</strong>schap<br />
op e<strong>en</strong> duidelijke <strong>en</strong><br />
begrijpbare manier naar<br />
e<strong>en</strong> groot publiek te<br />
br<strong>en</strong>g<strong>en</strong>.<br />
• An excell<strong>en</strong>t, <strong>en</strong>gaging<br />
and <strong>en</strong>joyable ev<strong>en</strong>t<br />
which was well-organised.<br />
The speakers and panel<br />
were high calibre.<br />
The topics were well<br />
pres<strong>en</strong>ted.<br />
-40-
S i g n a t u r e o f C o o p e r a t i o n A g r e e m e n t s<br />
b e t w e e n t h e I n s t i t u t e s , t h e U L B a n d t h e V U B
S i g n a t u r e o f C o o p e r a t i o n A g r e e m e n t s<br />
Signature of cooperation agreem<strong>en</strong>ts<br />
betwe<strong>en</strong> the <strong>Institutes</strong>,<br />
the U LB and the VUB.<br />
An academic ceremony during which r<strong>en</strong>ewed cooperation<br />
agreem<strong>en</strong>ts betwe<strong>en</strong> the International <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong>,<br />
the Université Libre de Bruxelles, and the Vrije Universiteit<br />
Brussel were signed, took place on June 22, 2005 at the<br />
Palace of the Academy.<br />
In these agreem<strong>en</strong>ts, the <strong>Institutes</strong> and the Universities<br />
recall their privileged links that originate from the philanthropy<br />
of Ernest <strong>Solvay</strong> and reassert their common goal of<br />
supporting and promoting excell<strong>en</strong>ce research in physics<br />
and chemistry, in particular through the organization of<br />
the “<strong>Solvay</strong> Confer<strong>en</strong>ces”. More practical aspects (office<br />
space, subsidies, statute of personnel) are also dealt with.<br />
The texts of the conv<strong>en</strong>tions can be consulted at the <strong>Solvay</strong><br />
<strong>Institutes</strong>.<br />
-42-
e t w e e n t h e I n s t i t u t e s , t h e U L B a n d t h e V U B<br />
We thank:<br />
• Mr. <strong>Solvay</strong>, Presid<strong>en</strong>t of the Board of Directors of the <strong>Solvay</strong><br />
<strong>Institutes</strong>,<br />
• Professor Pierre de Maret, Rector of the Université Libre de<br />
Bruxelles,<br />
• Professor B<strong>en</strong>jamin Van Camp, Rector of the Vrije<br />
Universiteit Brussel,<br />
•Mrs. Marie-Dominique Simonet, Vice-Presid<strong>en</strong>t of the<br />
Governm<strong>en</strong>t of the Fr<strong>en</strong>ch Community and Minister for<br />
Higher Education, Sci<strong>en</strong>tific Research and International<br />
Relations of the Fr<strong>en</strong>ch Community,<br />
• Mrs. Fi<strong>en</strong>tje Moerman, Vice Minister-Presid<strong>en</strong>t of the<br />
Flemish Governm<strong>en</strong>t and Flemish Minister for Economy,<br />
Enterprise, Sci<strong>en</strong>ce, Innovation and Foreign Trade,<br />
who honoured us with speeches during the academic ceremony.<br />
We are also most grateful to Professors Gerard ’t Hooft<br />
(1999 Nobel Laureate in Physics) and Kurt Wüthrich (2002<br />
Nobel Laureate in Chemistry) who gave superb lectures<br />
describing some fascinating sci<strong>en</strong>tific chall<strong>en</strong>ges at the<br />
frontiers of research.<br />
Finally, our gratitude goes to Prof. Claude Truffin, who has<br />
be<strong>en</strong> instrum<strong>en</strong>tal in setting up the cooperation agreem<strong>en</strong>ts<br />
as director of the research departm<strong>en</strong>t at ULB.<br />
-43-
S i g n a t u r e o f C o o p e r a t i o n A g r e e m e n t s<br />
Op<strong>en</strong>ing address delivered by the Director of<br />
the <strong>Institutes</strong>, Marc H<strong>en</strong>neaux, at the academic<br />
ceremony.<br />
The mission of the International <strong>Institutes</strong> for Physics and<br />
Chemistry, founded by Ernest <strong>Solvay</strong>, is to pursue and support<br />
fundam<strong>en</strong>tal research in physics, chemistry and related<br />
areas.<br />
Excell<strong>en</strong>ce has characterized the <strong>Institutes</strong> from the first days<br />
to the pres<strong>en</strong>t time. The photograph of the 1911 <strong>Solvay</strong><br />
Confer<strong>en</strong>ce in Physics, which still strikes the imagination<br />
with its constellation of stars, is exhibited in many universities<br />
around the globe and is reproduced in many sci<strong>en</strong>ce<br />
textbooks.<br />
Ilya Prigogine, Director for more than fourty years, was Nobel<br />
Laureate in Chemistry. Our sci<strong>en</strong>tific committees are composed<br />
of world leaders in our fields of research. We are proud to<br />
count among our members the two Belgian Wolf Prizes.<br />
From the very beginning, the activities of the <strong>Institutes</strong> have<br />
be<strong>en</strong> carried out in close collaboration with the universities<br />
of Brussels. This was the will of the founder of the <strong>Institutes</strong>.<br />
The creation of a sci<strong>en</strong>tific research institute combining the<br />
flexibility offered by a g<strong>en</strong>erous <strong>en</strong>dowm<strong>en</strong>t with the<br />
research forces of the universities, is an astonishingly<br />
modern idea. Many research institutes have be<strong>en</strong> established<br />
along a similar pattern. For instance, as rec<strong>en</strong>tly as last<br />
year, the formation by the private Kavli Foundation of sev<strong>en</strong><br />
sci<strong>en</strong>tific institutes at leading universities in the United<br />
States broke the news.<br />
-44-
e t w e e n t h e I n s t i t u t e s , t h e U L B a n d t h e V U B<br />
Ernest <strong>Solvay</strong> knew that a high-level research activity seeking<br />
answers to the most fundam<strong>en</strong>tal questions was a prerequisite<br />
for innovation and would have long range b<strong>en</strong>efits<br />
for humanity. As the physicist J.J. Thomson, 1906 Nobel<br />
Laureate and participant in the second <strong>Solvay</strong> Confer<strong>en</strong>ce in<br />
Physics, said : “Research in pure sci<strong>en</strong>ce leads to revolutions,<br />
and revolutions”, whether industrial or sci<strong>en</strong>tific, “are exceedingly<br />
profitable things if you are on the winning side”.<br />
With today’s collaboration conv<strong>en</strong>tions, the International<br />
<strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong>, the<br />
U n i v e r s i t é L i b r e d e<br />
Bruxelles and the Vrije<br />
Universiteit Brussel reassert<br />
their will to join forces<br />
in supporting sci<strong>en</strong>tific<br />
research. The signature of<br />
these conv<strong>en</strong>tions aims at<br />
being a contribution to<br />
putting Belgium on what<br />
Thomson called the “winning<br />
side”.<br />
We are grateful to the<br />
Academies for their association<br />
to this ev<strong>en</strong>t,<br />
which takes place in their<br />
m a g n i f i c e n t “ T h r o n e<br />
Room”.<br />
-45-
S i g n a t u r e o f C o o p e r a t i o n A g r e e m e n t s<br />
S i g n a t u r e<br />
C e r e m o n y<br />
J - L . Va n h e r w e g h e m<br />
(Presid<strong>en</strong>t of the Board<br />
of Directors, Université<br />
Libre de Bruxelles), Mr<br />
<strong>Solvay</strong> (Presid<strong>en</strong>t of the<br />
Board of Directors of the<br />
<strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong>), E. Van<br />
Gelder (Presid<strong>en</strong>t of the<br />
Board of Directors, Vrije<br />
Universiteit Brussel)<br />
P. de Maret (Rector of<br />
the Université Libre de<br />
Bruxelles) , F. Bing<strong>en</strong><br />
(Vice-Presid<strong>en</strong>t of the<br />
Board of Directors of the<br />
<strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong>), B. Van<br />
Camp (Rector of the Vrije<br />
Universiteit Brussel)<br />
M. Moser (Vice-Rector<br />
for Research, Université<br />
Libre de Bruxelles) , M.<br />
H<strong>en</strong>neaux (Director of<br />
The <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong>) , J.<br />
Cornelis (Vice-Rector for<br />
Research, Vrije Universiteit<br />
Brussel).<br />
-46-
e t w e e n t h e I n s t i t u t e s , t h e U L B a n d t h e V U B<br />
L e c t u r e s b y<br />
Nobel Laureates<br />
Gerard ’t Hooft<br />
and<br />
Kurt Wüthrich<br />
Prof. Gerard ’t Hooft,<br />
Nobel Prize in Physics<br />
1999, “From Quarks to<br />
the Quantization of Gravitation<br />
– Chall<strong>en</strong>ges and<br />
Obstacles in our Search<br />
for the Fundam<strong>en</strong>tal<br />
Forces”<br />
Prof. Kurt Wüthrich,<br />
Nobel Prize in Chemistry<br />
2002, “From Structural<br />
Biology to Structural<br />
G<strong>en</strong>omics – New Chall<strong>en</strong>ges<br />
for Physics and<br />
Chemistry in the Postg<strong>en</strong>omic<br />
Era”<br />
-47-
S i g n a t u r e o f C o o p e r a t i o n A g r e e m e n t s<br />
Academic Ceremony – Programme<br />
16h00 – 16h05<br />
16h05 – 16h10<br />
16h10 – 16h15<br />
16h15 – 16h20<br />
16h20 – 16h25<br />
16h25 – 16h30<br />
16h30 – 17h10<br />
17h10 – 17h50<br />
17h50 – 18h00<br />
18h00<br />
Mr. Marc H<strong>en</strong>neaux, Director of the<br />
<strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong><br />
Mr. <strong>Solvay</strong>, Presid<strong>en</strong>t of the <strong>Solvay</strong><br />
<strong>Institutes</strong><br />
Mr. Pierre de Maret, Rector of the<br />
Université Libre de Bruxelles<br />
Mr. B<strong>en</strong>jamin Van Camp, Rector of the<br />
Vrije Universiteit Brussel<br />
Mrs. Marie-Dominique Simonet, Vice-<br />
Minister-Presid<strong>en</strong>t and Minister for<br />
Higher Education, Sci<strong>en</strong>tific Research<br />
and International Relations of the<br />
Governm<strong>en</strong>t of the Fr<strong>en</strong>ch-speaking<br />
Community<br />
Mrs. Fi<strong>en</strong>tje Moerman, Vice-Minister-<br />
Presid<strong>en</strong>t of the Flemish Governem<strong>en</strong>t<br />
and Flemish Minister for Economy,<br />
Enterprise, Sci<strong>en</strong>ce, Innovation and<br />
Foreign Trade<br />
Prof. Gerard ’t Hooft, Nobel Prize in<br />
Physics 1999, “From Quarks to the<br />
Quantization of Gravitation – Chall<strong>en</strong>ges<br />
and Obstacles in our Search for the<br />
Fundam<strong>en</strong>tal Forces”<br />
Prof. Kurt Wüthrich, Nobel Prize in<br />
Chemistry 2002, “From Structural<br />
Biology to Structural G<strong>en</strong>omics – New<br />
Chall<strong>en</strong>ges for Physics and Chemistry in<br />
the Post-g<strong>en</strong>omic Era”<br />
Signatures<br />
Cocktail<br />
-48-
W o r k s h o p s , S y m p o s i a a n d S c h o o l s<br />
O r g a n i z e d b y t h e I n s t i t u t e s
W o r k s h o p " D a r k M a t t e r s "<br />
1 8 - 2 0 M a y 2 0 0 5
W o r k s h o p " D a r k M a t t e r s " 1 8 - 2 0 M a y 2 0 0 5<br />
Workshop "Dark matters"<br />
18 - 20 May 2005<br />
The aim of the workshop was to confront the cosmological<br />
dark matter and dark <strong>en</strong>ergy problems to the<br />
latest attempts to solve them, including new ideas on<br />
dark matter and on modifications of gravity.<br />
Organising Committee<br />
Catherine De Clercq (IIHE, Brussels)<br />
Alexander Sevrin (VUB, Brussels)<br />
Peter Tinyakov (ULB, Brussels)<br />
Michel Tytgat (ULB, Brussels)<br />
Invited speakers<br />
Jacob Bek<strong>en</strong>stein (The Hebrew U., Jerusalem)<br />
Gilles Gerbier (DAPNIA, Saclay)<br />
Alain Blanchard (Obs. Midi-Pyrénées)<br />
Céline Boehm (CERN)<br />
Philippe Brax (SPhT, Saclay)<br />
Robert Brout (ULB)<br />
Edmund Copeland (Sussex U., Brighton)<br />
Cédric Deffayet (LPT, Orsay)<br />
Alexander Dolgov (INFN, Ferrara)<br />
Sergei Dubovsky (CERN)<br />
Juan Garcia-Bellido (U.Autonoma, Madrid)<br />
Gilles Gerbier (DAPNIA, Saclay)<br />
Ofer Lahav (U. College London)<br />
Markus Luty (Maryland U.)<br />
Massimo Porrati (NYU, New York)<br />
Riccardo Rattazzi (CERN)<br />
Valery Rubakov (INR, Moscow)<br />
Joe Silk (Oxford U.)<br />
-52-
W o r k s h o p " D a r k M a t t e r s " 1 8 - 2 0 M a y 2 0 0 5<br />
Programme<br />
Morning Chair : Peter Tinyakov<br />
Wednesday May 18,2005<br />
9h30<br />
O. Lahav (U. College London)<br />
“ Concordance cosmological model<br />
and variations ”<br />
10h20<br />
J. Silk (Oxford U., UK)<br />
“ Dark matter I ”<br />
11h10<br />
Coffee break<br />
11h40<br />
O. Lahav (U. College London)<br />
“ Redshift surveys as cosmological<br />
laboratories ”<br />
12h30<br />
Lunch<br />
Afternoon Chair : Catherine De Clercq<br />
14h00<br />
J. Silk (Oxford U., UK)<br />
“ Dark matter II ”<br />
14h50<br />
A. Blanchard (Obs. Midi Pyrénées)<br />
“ Deconstructing the concordance model”<br />
15h40<br />
Coffee break<br />
16h00<br />
G. Gerbier (DAPNIA, Saclay)<br />
“ Dark matter: overview of direct<br />
and indirect searches ”<br />
16h50<br />
C. Boehm (CERN) “ Rec<strong>en</strong>t developm<strong>en</strong>t<br />
related to the Dark Matter crisis ”<br />
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W o r k s h o p " D a r k M a t t e r s " 1 8 - 2 0 M a y 2 0 0 5<br />
Programme<br />
Morning Chair : Jean Orloff<br />
Thursday May 19, 2005<br />
9h00<br />
J. Garcia Bellido (Autonoma, Madrid)<br />
“ Status of Inflation I ”<br />
9h50<br />
A. Dolgov (INFN)<br />
“ Cosmological Constant ”<br />
10h40<br />
Coffee break<br />
11h10 V.A. Rubakov (INR) “ Modifying Gravity I ”<br />
12h00 J. Garcia Bellido “ Status of Inflation II ”<br />
12h50<br />
Lunch<br />
Afternoon Chair : Antoine Van Proey<strong>en</strong><br />
14h00<br />
Ph. Brax (SPhT, Saclay)<br />
“ Surprises with scalar-t<strong>en</strong>sor theories ”<br />
14h50<br />
E. Copeland (U. of Nottingham)<br />
“ Cosmic F and D strings ”<br />
15h40<br />
Coffee break<br />
16h00<br />
W. de Boer (U. Karlsruhe) “ Indirect<br />
Evid<strong>en</strong>ce for Dark Matter Annihilation<br />
from the EGRET Excess of Diffuse Galactic<br />
Gamma Rays ”<br />
16h50<br />
R. Brout (ULB) “ Everlasting Lambda”<br />
20h00<br />
Workshop banquet<br />
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W o r k s h o p " D a r k M a t t e r s " 1 8 - 2 0 M a y 2 0 0 5<br />
Programme<br />
Morning Chair : Frank Ferrari<br />
Friday May 20, 2005<br />
9h00<br />
V.A. Rubakov (INR)<br />
“ Modifying Gravity II ”<br />
9h50<br />
J. Bek<strong>en</strong>stein (Hebrew U.)<br />
“ Relativistic MOND Gravitation ”<br />
10h40<br />
Coffee break<br />
11h00<br />
C. Deffayet (Orsay, France)<br />
“ DGP gravity and Cosmology ”<br />
11h50<br />
M. Porrati (NYU)<br />
“ Cosmological initial condition:<br />
an effective action approach ”<br />
12h40<br />
Lunch<br />
Afternoon Chair : Alexander Sevrin<br />
14h00<br />
M. Luty (Maryland U.)<br />
“ Modified Gravity (MG) & ghosts ”<br />
14h50<br />
S. Dubovskiy (Cern, Switzerland)<br />
“ Phases of MG ”<br />
15h40<br />
Coffee break<br />
16h00<br />
R. Rattazzi (CERN)<br />
“ Modified Gravity (MG) & strong coupling ”<br />
Closing<br />
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W o r k s h o p " D a r k M a t t e r s " 1 8 - 2 0 M a y 2 0 0 5<br />
Participants<br />
Name First Name Institution<br />
ADAM Joke KULeuv<strong>en</strong><br />
ANISIMOV Alexei Postdam - Germany<br />
ARGURIO Riccardo ULB<br />
ARNOULD Marcel ULB<br />
BARET Bruny VUB<br />
BARNICH Gl<strong>en</strong>n ULB<br />
BASTERO-GIL Mar Universidad de Granada - Spain<br />
BEKENSTEIN Jacob The Hebrew U., Jerusalem<br />
BELLIDO Juan-Garcia U.Autonoma, Madrid<br />
BLANCHARD Alain Obs. Midi-Pyrénées<br />
BOEHM Celine CERN<br />
BORGOO Alex VUB<br />
BOUATTA Nazim ULB<br />
BOUCHER Vinc<strong>en</strong>t UCL<br />
BOULANGER Nicolas ULB<br />
BRAX Philippe SPhT, Saclay<br />
BROUT Robert ULB<br />
BRUERS Stijn KUL<br />
CELI Alessio KUL<br />
CNOCKAERT Sandrine ULB<br />
COPELAND Edmund Univ. of Nottingham<br />
COURTOY Aurore ULg<br />
CRAPS B<strong>en</strong> Univ. of Amsterdam<br />
DE BOER Wim Univ. Karlsruhe<br />
DE BUYL Sophie ULB<br />
DE CLERCQ Catherine IIHE, Brussels<br />
DEFFAYET Cedric LPT, Orsay, France<br />
DELEPINE David Univ. of Guanajuato - Mexico<br />
DESCHEPPER Dirk VUB<br />
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W o r k s h o p " D a r k M a t t e r s " 1 8 - 2 0 M a y 2 0 0 5<br />
DOLGOV Alexander INFN, Ferrara<br />
DUBOVSKY Sergei CERN<br />
EVSLIN Jarah ULB<br />
FAIRBAIRN Malcolm Stockholm Univ.<br />
FAMEY B<strong>en</strong>oît ULB<br />
FERRARI Frank ULB<br />
FU-SIN Ling ULB<br />
GENTILE Gianfranco SISSA - Italy<br />
GERARD Jean-Marc UCL<br />
GERBIER Gilles DAPNIA, Saclay<br />
GOMBEROFF Andres CECS - Chile<br />
GOMIS Joaquim Univ. de Barcelona<br />
GOVAERTS Jan UCL<br />
HENNEAUX Marc ULB<br />
HERQUET Michel UCL<br />
HUBERT Daan VUB<br />
JANCART Sylvie ULB<br />
JANSSEN Bert Univ. de Granada<br />
JANSSENS Eric KULeuv<strong>en</strong><br />
JORISSEN Alain ULB<br />
KALININ Sergey CERN<br />
KEURENTJES Arjan VUB<br />
LAHAV Ofer U. College London<br />
LEMONNE Jacques VUB<br />
LOPEZ HONOREZ Laura ULB<br />
LUTY Markus Maryland Univ.<br />
MAHMOUD Tariq ULB<br />
MARAGE Pierre ULB<br />
MARTUCCI Luca KULeuv<strong>en</strong><br />
MASSAR Serge ULB<br />
MEESSEN Auguste UCL<br />
NEVENS Stijn VUB<br />
NEZRI Emmanuel ULB<br />
ORLOFF Jean Univ. de Clermont-Ferrand<br />
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W o r k s h o p " D a r k M a t t e r s " 1 8 - 2 0 M a y 2 0 0 5<br />
PASSERINI Filippo KULeuv<strong>en</strong><br />
PELLICCIA Diego Univ. di Ferrara - Italy<br />
PORRATI Massimo NYU, New-York<br />
RATTAZZI Riccardo CERN<br />
RIZZO Alfio VUB<br />
ROLAND B<strong>en</strong>oît ULB<br />
ROSSEEL Jan KULeuv<strong>en</strong><br />
ROSSOME Annabelle UCL<br />
RUBAKOV Valery INR, Moscow<br />
SEVRIN Alexander VUB<br />
SILK Joe Oxford Univ.<br />
SMET Geert KULeuv<strong>en</strong><br />
SPINDEL Philippe UMH<br />
STERNHEIMER Daniel Univ. de Bourgogne<br />
TEMURHAN Mine Univ. of Amsterdam<br />
TINYAKOV Peter ULB<br />
TROOST Walter KULeuv<strong>en</strong><br />
TYTGAT Michel ULB<br />
VAN DEN BERGH Joris KULeuv<strong>en</strong><br />
VAN DEN BLEEKEN Dieter KULeuv<strong>en</strong><br />
VAN ECK Sophie ULB<br />
VAN PROEYEN Antoine KULeuv<strong>en</strong><br />
VANLAER Pascal ULB<br />
VIKMAN Alexander Univ. Münch<strong>en</strong> - Germany<br />
WIAUX Yves UCL<br />
WIJNS Alexander VUB<br />
WINITZKI Serge Univ. Münch<strong>en</strong> - Germany<br />
-58-
M o d a v e S u m m e r S c h o o l i n M a t h e m a t i c a l<br />
P h y s i c s 1 9 - 2 5 J u n e 2 0 0 5
M o d a v e S u m m e r S c h o o l 1 9 - 2 5 J u n e 2 0 0 5<br />
The first Modave Summer School in Mathematical Physics<br />
has be<strong>en</strong> organized from the 19th to the 25th of June 2005,<br />
by young PhD stud<strong>en</strong>ts and Post-docs of the service de physique<br />
théorique et mathématique of the ULB, the<br />
Theoretical Particle Physics Group of the VUB, the service de<br />
mécanique et gravitation of the Université de Mons-<br />
Hainaut, from the IHES (Bures-sur-Yvette) and from the<br />
Mathematical Institute of Oxford University. It b<strong>en</strong>efitted<br />
from the support of the International <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong>.<br />
The aim of the school was to provide key tools useful for<br />
advanced research in the theoretical description of the fundam<strong>en</strong>tal<br />
interactions.<br />
The summer school consisted of a series of courses: four<br />
one-hour lectures in the morning and two hours at the <strong>en</strong>d<br />
of the afternoon. Participants were giv<strong>en</strong> the opportunity<br />
to give a short pres<strong>en</strong>tation on a subject of g<strong>en</strong>eral interest.<br />
The atmosphere was informal and relaxed, so as to<br />
<strong>en</strong>courage the participants to interact with the speakers.<br />
Each course was supposed to begin with the basics, be synthetic<br />
and self-contained. Refer<strong>en</strong>ce books were also be placed<br />
at the disposal of everyone. The major part of the afternoon<br />
was left free, in order to allow spontaneous discussions<br />
and/or meetings for questions and answers in<br />
connection with the courses of the morning. Pastoral walks,<br />
cultural visits were also possible in the afternoon.<br />
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M o d a v e S u m m e r S c h o o l 1 9 - 2 5 J u n e 2 0 0 5<br />
Organising Committee<br />
Xavier Bekaert (IHES)<br />
Vinc<strong>en</strong>t Bouchard (Oxford)<br />
Nicolas Boulanger (UMH)<br />
Sandrine Cnockaert (ULB)<br />
Sophie de Buyl (ULB)<br />
Stéphane Detournay (UMH)<br />
Stijn Nev<strong>en</strong>s (VUB)<br />
Alexander Wijns (VUB)<br />
-61-
Participants<br />
Joke Adam (KUL),<br />
Gl<strong>en</strong>n Barnich (ULB),<br />
Xavier Bekaert (IHES),<br />
Nazim Bouatta (ULB),<br />
Vinc<strong>en</strong>t Bouchard (Oxford),<br />
Nicolas Boulanger (UMH),<br />
Fabi<strong>en</strong> Buisseret (UMH),<br />
Sandrine Cnockaert (ULB),<br />
Laur<strong>en</strong>t Claess<strong>en</strong>s (UCL),<br />
Geoffrey Compère (ULB),<br />
Sophie de Buyl (ULB),<br />
Stéphane Detournay (UMH),<br />
Francis Dolan (Cambridge),<br />
Johanna Erdm<strong>en</strong>ger<br />
(Humboldt U),<br />
Jarah Evslin (ULB),<br />
W<strong>en</strong> Jiang (Oxford),<br />
Serge Leclercq (UMH),<br />
Vinc<strong>en</strong>t Mathieu (UMH),<br />
Frank Meyer (Max- Planck<br />
Institute for Physics),<br />
Stijn Nev<strong>en</strong>s(VUB),<br />
Jeong-Hyuck Park (IHES),<br />
Jan Rosseel (KUL),<br />
Alexander Wijns (VUB),<br />
Robert Wimmer (Hannover),<br />
Martin Wolf (Hannover),<br />
Fonger Ypma (Oxford).
M o d a v e S u m m e r S c h o o l 1 9 - 2 5 J u n e 2 0 0 5<br />
Programme<br />
- Beta function, R<strong>en</strong>ormalisation and Quantum Field Theory<br />
by Johanna Erdm<strong>en</strong>ger and Gl<strong>en</strong>n Barnich – (9h).<br />
- Lie Algebras: repres<strong>en</strong>tations and applications by Xavier<br />
Bekaert, Nicolas Baker, Sophie de Buyl, Francis Dolan and<br />
Jeong-Hyuck Park – ( 8h).<br />
- CFT by Stephan Detournay – ( 4h).<br />
- Complex Geometry, Calabi Yau by Vinc<strong>en</strong>t Bouchard – ( 4h).<br />
- Yang-Mills and fiber bundles by Laur<strong>en</strong>t Claess<strong>en</strong>s – ( 3h).<br />
- Twistor Geometry and Gauge Theory by Martin Wolf – ( 3h).<br />
- Moyal Star product by Sandrine Cnockaert – ( 1h).<br />
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C O L L O Q U I A
C O L L O Q U I A<br />
"No sunset for neutrino eyes"<br />
Pr. Pierre Ramond (Florida University)<br />
June 8, 2005<br />
Abstract: This Colloquium has dealt with Neutrinos, the<br />
most elusive constitu<strong>en</strong>ts of the Universe, and of the<br />
Sci<strong>en</strong>tists who hunt them. Their detection in the most<br />
rec<strong>en</strong>t underground experim<strong>en</strong>ts have led to the conclusion<br />
that differ<strong>en</strong>t neutrinos “morph” into one another, leading<br />
to yet another paradigm shift in our understanding of<br />
the underlying theory of Nature. Neutrinos, the only mess<strong>en</strong>gers<br />
from the Sun's inner core, traverse the Earth with<br />
ease, and reassure us that the Sun is shining ev<strong>en</strong> at night.<br />
-66-
C O L L O Q U I A<br />
“The Einstein-Szilard refrigerator:<br />
History,Theory and Prototype”<br />
Dr.Andrew Delano (Boulder & Hewlett-Packard USA)<br />
December 13, 2005<br />
Abstract: While in Berlin in the 1920's, Albert Einstein and<br />
one of his former stud<strong>en</strong>t, Leo Szilard, inv<strong>en</strong>ted and pat<strong>en</strong>ted<br />
a number of cooling systems that required no moving<br />
parts and used only heat as an input. Dr. Delano will pres<strong>en</strong>t<br />
the history, the theory and his own prototype of the<br />
so-called "Einstein refrigerator".<br />
-67-
Workshops and Confer<strong>en</strong>ces sponsored by the <strong>Institutes</strong>
I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e “ N o n l i n e a r i t y ,<br />
F l u c t u a t i o n s , a n d C o m p l e x i t y ” 1 6 - 1 9 M a r c h 2 0 0 5 .
I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e “ N o n l i n e a r i t y ,<br />
With a celebration of the 65th<br />
birthday of Grégoire NICOLIS<br />
The aim of this International Confer<strong>en</strong>ce supported in part<br />
by the International <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong> was to establish the<br />
state-of-the-art in our understanding of nonlinear ph<strong>en</strong>om<strong>en</strong>a<br />
and complex systems on the basis of the physico-chemical<br />
laws of thermodynamics, nonequilibrium statistical<br />
mechanics, and the theory of stochastic processes. The<br />
confer<strong>en</strong>ce has gathered specialists on the random and<br />
nonlinear aspects of nonequilibrium ph<strong>en</strong>om<strong>en</strong>a and complexity<br />
in order to report on the most rec<strong>en</strong>t theoretical<br />
and experim<strong>en</strong>tal results in the field and to discuss their<br />
implications and applications.<br />
Themes:<br />
• Bifurcation and chaos<br />
• Nonlinear dynamical systems<br />
• Nonequilibrium fluctuations and Brownian motion<br />
• Stochastic resonance<br />
• Reaction-diffusion systems<br />
• Low-dim<strong>en</strong>sional systems, and heterog<strong>en</strong>eous catalysis<br />
• Patterns, spatially ext<strong>en</strong>ded systems<br />
• Spatio-temporal chaos<br />
• Complex systems, information, and biology<br />
• Evolution of physico-chemical systems and climate<br />
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F l u c t u a t i o n s , a n d C o m p l e x i t y ” 1 6 - 1 9 M a r c h 2 0 0 5<br />
Organising Committee:<br />
F. Baras (Dijon, France)<br />
P. Borckmans (Brussels, Belgium)<br />
J. Bricmont (Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium)<br />
A. DeWit (Brussels, Belgium)<br />
P. Gaspard (Brussels, Belgium)<br />
A. Goldbeter (Brussels, Belgium)<br />
R. Lefever (Brussels, Belgium)<br />
M. Malek Mansour (Brussels, Belgium)<br />
M. Mareschal (Brussels, Belgium)<br />
C. Van d<strong>en</strong> Broeck (Brussels & Diep<strong>en</strong>beek, Belgium)<br />
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I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e “ N o n l i n e a r i t y ,<br />
Programme<br />
Wednesday, March 16th 2005<br />
Complexity<br />
Chair : P. Gaspard<br />
8h30 - 9h15<br />
9h15-9h30<br />
Registration<br />
Welcome and op<strong>en</strong>ing address<br />
9h30-10h00<br />
G. Chaitin (New York, USA)<br />
Irreducible complexity in pure<br />
Mathematics<br />
10h00-10h30<br />
P. Schuster (Wi<strong>en</strong>, Austria)<br />
How Natures circumv<strong>en</strong>ts low<br />
probabilities: The molecular basis of<br />
information and complexity<br />
10h30-11h00<br />
Coffee break<br />
11h00-11h30<br />
T. Arecchi (Flor<strong>en</strong>ce, Italy)<br />
Feature binding and neuron<br />
synchronization: Quantum aspect<br />
11h30-12h00<br />
E. Mosekilde (Lyngby, D<strong>en</strong>mark)<br />
Oscillator clustering in a resource<br />
distribution chain<br />
12h00-12h30<br />
J.L. D<strong>en</strong>eubourg (ULB, Belgium)<br />
Decision-making in group-living<br />
organisms<br />
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F l u c t u a t i o n s , a n d C o m p l e x i t y ” 1 6 - 1 9 M a r c h 2 0 0 5<br />
Reaction-diffusion systems I<br />
Chair : P. Borckmans<br />
14h30-15h00<br />
K. Showalter (Morgantown, U.S.A.)<br />
Addressable media for modeling collective<br />
behavior<br />
15h00-15h30<br />
J. Boissonade (Bordeaux, France)<br />
Oscillatory dynamics in a chemome<br />
chanical system: a first<br />
theoretical approach<br />
15h30-16h00<br />
J.L. Hudson (Charlottesville, USA)<br />
Emerging coher<strong>en</strong>ce and collective<br />
dynamics in a population of chemical<br />
oscillators<br />
16h00-16h30<br />
Coffee break<br />
16h30-17h00<br />
A. Mikhailov (Berlin, Germany)<br />
Sudd<strong>en</strong> onset of corrosion as a cooperative<br />
critical ph<strong>en</strong>om<strong>en</strong>on<br />
17h00-17h30<br />
T. Tél (Budapest, Hungary)<br />
Reactivity in flowing media<br />
17h30-18h00<br />
K. Seki (Tsukuba, Japan)<br />
Fractional reaction-diffusion equation<br />
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I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e “ N o n l i n e a r i t y ,<br />
Thursday, March 17th 2005<br />
Statistical mechanics<br />
Chair : M. Mareschal<br />
9h00-9h30<br />
S. A. Rice (Chicago, USA)<br />
Confined colloid susp<strong>en</strong>sions<br />
9h30-10h00<br />
B. Matkowsky (Evanston, USA)<br />
Dynamics in a rod model of solid flame<br />
waves<br />
10h00-10h30<br />
J. Piasecki (Warsow, Poland)<br />
Unusual dynamics in a 2D Lor<strong>en</strong>tz model<br />
10h30-11h00<br />
Coffee break<br />
11h00-11h30<br />
Y. Pomeau (Paris, France)<br />
Op<strong>en</strong> questions in kinetic theory<br />
11h30-12h00<br />
J. Bricmont (Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium)<br />
On the derivation of Fourier's law<br />
12h00-12h30<br />
J.P. Boon (ULB, Belgium)<br />
Temporal diffusion<br />
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F l u c t u a t i o n s , a n d C o m p l e x i t y ” 1 6 - 1 9 M a r c h 2 0 0 5<br />
Nonlinear dynamics<br />
Chair : A. Goldbeter<br />
14h30-15h00<br />
M. G. Velarde (Madrid, Spain)<br />
The surfing of electrons on a nonlinear<br />
electrically conducting lattice<br />
15h00-15h30<br />
C. Baes<strong>en</strong>s (Warwick, UK)<br />
Transport properties in Fr<strong>en</strong>kel-Kontorova<br />
chains<br />
15h30-16h00<br />
Y. Elsk<strong>en</strong>s (Marseille, France)<br />
Derivation of the Fokker-Planck equation<br />
from strongly chaotic Hamiltonian<br />
dynamics<br />
16h00-16h30<br />
Coffee break<br />
16h30-17h00<br />
T. Erneux (ULB, Belgium)<br />
Nonlinear dynamics with delay<br />
17h00-17h30<br />
R. Klages (London, UK)<br />
Active Brownian particles and<br />
Nose-Hoover thermostats<br />
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I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e “ N o n l i n e a r i t y ,<br />
Friday, March 18th 2005<br />
Reaction-diffusion systems II<br />
Chair : P. De Kepper<br />
9h00-9h30<br />
I. Epstein (Brandeis, USA)<br />
Pattern formation in reactive<br />
microemulsions<br />
9h30-10h00<br />
R. Kapral (Toronto, Canada)<br />
Spiral waves in chaotic systems<br />
10h00-10h30<br />
S. K. Scott (Leeds, UK)<br />
Pattern formation and wave propagation<br />
in chemical systems<br />
10h30-11h00<br />
Coffee break<br />
11h00-11h30<br />
J.W. Turner (ULB, Belgium)<br />
Limit cycles and Riemann surfaces<br />
11h30-12h00<br />
P. Coullet (Nice, France)<br />
Poincaré ’s homoclinic tangle and spatial<br />
complexity<br />
-78-
F l u c t u a t i o n s , a n d C o m p l e x i t y ” 1 6 - 1 9 M a r c h 2 0 0 5<br />
Quantum systems<br />
Chair : S. A. Rice<br />
14h30-15h00<br />
H. L. Frisch (Albany, U.S.A)<br />
Aharonov-Bohm effects in <strong>en</strong>tangled<br />
molecules<br />
15h00-15h30<br />
S. Tasaki (Tokyo, Japan)<br />
C*-algebraic approach to nonequilibrium<br />
ph<strong>en</strong>om<strong>en</strong>a in quantum junction systems<br />
15h30-16h00<br />
Coffee break<br />
16h00-16h30<br />
C. Maes (Leuv<strong>en</strong>, Belgium)<br />
Discovering quantum mechanics via the<br />
Kac ring model<br />
16h30-17h00<br />
D. MacKernan (Dublin, Ireland)<br />
Quantum classical dynamics: the role of<br />
classical chaos<br />
17h00-18h30<br />
Poster session<br />
19h30<br />
Banquet<br />
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I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e “ N o n l i n e a r i t y ,<br />
Saturday, March 19th 2005<br />
Mesoscopic systems<br />
Chair : A. De Wit<br />
9h00-9h30<br />
F. Baras (Dijon, France)<br />
Thermodynamics and reaction kinetics of<br />
small particles in combustion synthesis<br />
9h30-10h00<br />
A. Provata (Ath<strong>en</strong>s, Greece)<br />
Oscillatory dynamics in the ZGB model<br />
with surface reconstruction<br />
10h00-10h30<br />
J. B<strong>en</strong>tz (Ames, IA, USA)<br />
Reactants in a finite lattice: Non-nearestneighbor<br />
effects<br />
10h30-11h00<br />
Coffee break<br />
11h00-11h30<br />
J. Kozak (Chicago, IL, U.S.A.)<br />
Invariance relations in the d = 2 random<br />
walk problem<br />
11h30-11h45<br />
Closing remarks<br />
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F l u c t u a t i o n s , a n d C o m p l e x i t y ” 1 6 - 1 9 M a r c h 2 0 0 5<br />
List of participants<br />
E. ABAD ULB<br />
A. ALTINOK ULB<br />
D. ANDRIEUX ULB<br />
C. ANTONOPOULOS University of Patras, Greece<br />
F.T. ARECCHI Universita di Fir<strong>en</strong>ze & Instituto<br />
Nazionale di Ottica Applicata, Italy<br />
C. BAESENS University of Warwick,<br />
United Kingdom<br />
A. BARANOVSKY Institut Royal Météorologique de<br />
Belgique<br />
F. BARAS Université de Bourgogne, France<br />
V. BASIOS ULB<br />
J. BENTZ Iowa State University, U.S.A.<br />
J. BOISSONADE C<strong>en</strong>tre de recherche Paul Pascal,<br />
France<br />
J.P. BOON<br />
ULB<br />
P. BORCKMANS ULB<br />
O. BOUIZI ULB<br />
J. BRICMONT UCL<br />
G.J. CHAITIN IBM Watson Research C<strong>en</strong>ter, U.S.A.<br />
P. COLINET ULB<br />
P. COULLET Institut Non Linéaire de Nice<br />
Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis,<br />
France<br />
H. CROISIER ULg<br />
D. DAEMS ULB<br />
Y. DE DECKER ULB<br />
P. DE KEPPER C<strong>en</strong>tre de recherche Paul Pascal,<br />
France<br />
J.-L. DENEUBOURG ULB<br />
B. DE VYLDER VUB<br />
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I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e “ N o n l i n e a r i t y ,<br />
A. DE WIT ULB<br />
J. D’HERNONCOURT ULB<br />
G. DUPONT ULB<br />
K. EFTAXIAS University of Ath<strong>en</strong>s, Ath<strong>en</strong>s, Greece<br />
Y. ELSKENS CNRS-Université de Prov<strong>en</strong>ce, France<br />
I. EPSTEIN Brandeis University, USA<br />
T. ERNEUX ULB<br />
H.L. FRISCH<br />
State University of New York at<br />
Albany, USA<br />
G.L. FORTI<br />
ULB<br />
A. GARCIA CANTU ULB<br />
P. GASPARD ULB<br />
A. GOLDBETER ULB<br />
E. GERRITSMA ULB<br />
C. GERSHENSON VUB<br />
T. GILBERT ULB<br />
J. HALLOY ULB<br />
M. HENNEAUX ULB<br />
F. HOMBLE ULB<br />
J.L. HUDSON University of Virginia, U.S.A.<br />
C.S. IORIO<br />
ULB<br />
R. KAPRAL University of Toronto, Canada<br />
K. KARAMANOS University of Ath<strong>en</strong>s, Greece<br />
M. KAUFMAN ULB<br />
R. KLAGES University of London, United<br />
Kingdom<br />
J.J. KOZAK<br />
DePaul University, Chicago, U.S.A.<br />
G. LEBON Ulg<br />
R. LEFEVER ULB<br />
J.-C. LELOUP ULB<br />
D. LIMA ULB<br />
D. MAC KERNAN Trinity College Dublin, Ireland<br />
C. MAES KULeuv<strong>en</strong><br />
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M. MALEK-MANSOUR ULB<br />
P. MANDEL ULB<br />
M. MARESCHAL ULB<br />
B.J. MATKOWSKY Northwestern University, U.S.A.<br />
D. MELNIKOV ULB<br />
S. METENS Université de Paris 7, France<br />
A. MIKHAILOV Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-<br />
Gesellschaft, Germany<br />
D. MOREAU Institut Royal Météorologique de<br />
Belgique, Belgium<br />
E. MOSEKILDE Departm<strong>en</strong>t of Physics, Lyngby,<br />
Danemark<br />
A. MYALDUN ULB<br />
G. NICOLIS ULB<br />
J. PIASECKI University of Warsaw, Poland<br />
Y. POMEAU LPS – ENS, France<br />
A. PROVATA Institute of Physical Chemistry,<br />
Ath<strong>en</strong>s, Greece<br />
S.A. RICE<br />
University of Chicago, U.S.A.<br />
L. RONGY ULB<br />
C. ROUVAS-NICOLIS Institut Royal Météorologique de<br />
Belgique, Belgium<br />
B. SCHEID ULB<br />
P. SCHUSTER Universität Wi<strong>en</strong>, Austria<br />
S. SCOTT University of Leeds, United Kingdom<br />
K. SEKI National Institute of Advanced<br />
Industrial Sci<strong>en</strong>ce and Technology,<br />
Ibaraki, Japan<br />
J. SERVANTIE ULB<br />
V.M. SHEVTSOVA ULB<br />
K. SHOWALTER West Virginia University, U.S.A.<br />
P.C. SIMON<br />
Institut Royal Météorologique de<br />
Belgique<br />
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I n t e r n a t i o n a l<br />
C o n f e r e n c e<br />
D. STRIER ULB<br />
S. TASAKI Waseda University, Japan<br />
T. TEL Eötvos University, Budapest, Hungary<br />
R. THOMAS ULB<br />
M. TLIDI ULB<br />
J.W. TURNER ULB<br />
C. VAN DEN BROECK Limburgs Universitair C<strong>en</strong>trum,<br />
Belgium<br />
S. VAN VAERENBERGH ULB<br />
M. VELARDE Universidad Complut<strong>en</strong>se de Madrid,<br />
Spain<br />
S. VILLAIN ULB<br />
S. VISCARDY ULB<br />
P. VRANCX VUB<br />
J. WISEMBERG Institut Royal Météorologique de<br />
Belgique<br />
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3 - 1 6 J u l y , B r u s s e l s
M a g n e t o h y d r o d y n a m i c s S u m m e r P r o g r a m 2 0 0 5<br />
The International <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong> have partly supported a<br />
pilot programme organised in the summer of 2005 by the<br />
Brussels Plasma Physics research group.<br />
This research program was devoted to magnetohydrodynamics<br />
(MHD), the sci<strong>en</strong>ce that describes the coupling betwe<strong>en</strong><br />
fluid mechanics and electromagnetism. Research in<br />
MHD is intrinsically interdisciplinary. It is relevant to fields<br />
as diverse as astrophysics, metallurgy, crystal growth or<br />
nuclear fusion. The organisers have interest in various<br />
domains of MHD. Their hope was, by launching this initiative,<br />
to improve the exchanges betwe<strong>en</strong> these various communities.<br />
The main focus of the program was on theoretical,<br />
modelling and numerical investigations of MHD ph<strong>en</strong>om<strong>en</strong>a.<br />
However, experim<strong>en</strong>tal aspects of MHD research,<br />
in particular their links with theory and modelling, perfectly<br />
fitted the program.<br />
Research projects<br />
The originality of the organisation was that the participants<br />
were expected to focus on a research project and on<br />
sci<strong>en</strong>tific exchanges rather than att<strong>en</strong>ding confer<strong>en</strong>ces.<br />
The research projects had to be defined in advance. For<br />
each project, a local host was designated to help the participants<br />
with both sci<strong>en</strong>tific and logistic questions. Each<br />
participant received a complete file describing the projects<br />
as well as the profiles of all the other participants at least<br />
one month before the beginning of the summer program.<br />
The hope was to stir up exchanges during the stay in<br />
Brussels.<br />
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In order to illustrate the variety of research projects proposed<br />
by confirmed invited participants a non-exhaustive list<br />
of subjects is reproduced below and depicted on the following<br />
<strong>page</strong>s :<br />
• Acceleration of particles in astrophysical plasmas<br />
• Simulation of turbul<strong>en</strong>t Hartmann flows and study of<br />
free surface MHD<br />
• Modelling of sheared and rotating MHD turbul<strong>en</strong>ce<br />
• A New Finite Elem<strong>en</strong>t Method for MHD problems<br />
• Kinematic anisotropy of MHD turbul<strong>en</strong>ce in the nonlinear<br />
regime<br />
• Numerical simulation of turbul<strong>en</strong>t flows in magnetic<br />
fields related to the crystal growth applications<br />
• MHD Simulations of Rotating Neutron Stars<br />
• Reconstruction of velocity fields from magnetic field<br />
measurem<strong>en</strong>ts.<br />
• Details of Energy Transfers in Forced MHD Turbul<strong>en</strong>ce.<br />
• Shear layer instability in a parallel magnetic field<br />
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Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is relevant in many physical and industrial systems. In nuclear fusion reactors<br />
like ITER (top-left), its understanding is fundam<strong>en</strong>tal to predict the evolution of the plasma inside the<br />
toroïdal chamber. For such reactors, MHD is also an ess<strong>en</strong>tial ingredi<strong>en</strong>t in the design of the coolant blankets<br />
which are necessary to absorb neutrons, g<strong>en</strong>erate tritium and transport heat away from the chamber. In all<br />
applications, the magnetic fields pres<strong>en</strong>t t<strong>en</strong>d to induce a privileged direction which can induce severe anisotropy.<br />
This is illustrated in the top-right figure in which a liquid-metal flow is subject to a strong external<br />
magnetic field. The color contours repres<strong>en</strong>t the kinetic <strong>en</strong>ergy d<strong>en</strong>sity within the flow. MHD has vast implications<br />
also in astrophysics since stars and interstellar medium usually consist of hot ionized gas. In the bottom<br />
figure, a large coronal loop is photographed. Within this loop, hot plasma is guided by the ambi<strong>en</strong>t<br />
magnetic field g<strong>en</strong>erated by dynamo action within the star.<br />
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Organising Committee<br />
Prof. Daniele Carati<br />
(ULB, Belgium)<br />
Prof. Bernard Knaep<strong>en</strong><br />
(ULB, Belgium)<br />
Prof. Stavros Kassinos<br />
(University of Cyprus)<br />
Sci<strong>en</strong>tific Committee<br />
Dr. Gunter Gerbeth<br />
Head of the Magnetohydrodynamics<br />
Departm<strong>en</strong>t,<br />
Forschungsz<strong>en</strong>trum Ross<strong>en</strong>dorf,<br />
Dresd<strong>en</strong>, Germany<br />
Prof. Parviz Moin<br />
Director of the C<strong>en</strong>ter for<br />
Turbul<strong>en</strong>ce Research,<br />
Stanford University, USA<br />
Dr. Sergei Molokov<br />
Applied Mathematics Group<br />
Leader, Cov<strong>en</strong>try University, UK<br />
Prof. Loukas Vlahos<br />
Departm<strong>en</strong>t of Physics,<br />
Aristotle University of<br />
Thessaloniki, Greece<br />
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M a g n e t o h y d r o d y n a m i c s S u m m e r P r o g r a m 2 0 0 5<br />
List of participants<br />
Kaspar Arzner<br />
Thomas Boeck<br />
Daniele Carati<br />
Olivier Debliquy<br />
Gérard Degrez<br />
Cornelia Giessler<br />
Bhaskar Kamble<br />
Stavros Kassinos<br />
Bernard Knaep<strong>en</strong><br />
Dmitry Krasnov<br />
Raphaël Laguerre<br />
Jacques Léorat<br />
Amina Mataoui<br />
Ow<strong>en</strong> Matthews<br />
Sergei Molokov<br />
R<strong>en</strong>é Moreau<br />
Ignacio Mosqueira<br />
Caroline Nore<br />
Alban Pothérat<br />
Janis Priede<br />
Ioannis Sarris<br />
Alex<strong>en</strong>der Shishkin<br />
Giorgio Sonnino<br />
Nikolaos Stergioulas<br />
Damian Strier<br />
Bogdan Teaca<br />
Andre Thess<br />
Nicolas Troscompt<br />
Nikolaos Tsakiris<br />
David Vand<strong>en</strong> Abeele<br />
Mah<strong>en</strong>dra Verma<br />
Anatoly Vorobev<br />
Boris Weyssow<br />
Oleg Zikanov<br />
(Zurich, Switzerland)<br />
(Ilm<strong>en</strong>au, Germany)<br />
(ULB)<br />
(ULB)<br />
(ULB)<br />
(Ilm<strong>en</strong>au, Germany)<br />
(Kanpur, India)<br />
(Nicosie, Chypre)<br />
(ULB)<br />
(Ilm<strong>en</strong>au, Germany)<br />
(Paris, France)<br />
(Paris, France)<br />
(Alger, Algeria)<br />
(Zurich, Switzerland)<br />
(Cov<strong>en</strong>try, UK)<br />
(Gr<strong>en</strong>oble, France)<br />
(NASA Ames, USA)<br />
(Paris, France)<br />
(Ilm<strong>en</strong>au, Germany)<br />
(Salaspils, Latvia)<br />
(Volos, Greece)<br />
(Kharkov, Ukraine)<br />
(ULB)<br />
(Thessalonique, Greece)<br />
(ULB)<br />
(University of Craiova, Visiting Stud<strong>en</strong>t ULB)<br />
(Ilm<strong>en</strong>au, Germany)<br />
(Université de Paris-Orsay, Visiting Stud<strong>en</strong>t ULB)<br />
(Thessalonique, Greece)<br />
(ULB)<br />
(Kanpur, India)<br />
(Dearborn, USA)<br />
(ULB)<br />
(Dearborn, USA)<br />
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M a g n e t o h y d r o d y n a m i c s S u m m e r P r o g r a m 2 0 0 5<br />
Programme<br />
For the most part, the Summer Program was devoted to the<br />
various research projects hosted and to informal discussions.<br />
However, several specific ev<strong>en</strong>ts were also scheduled<br />
and are listed below.<br />
Monday July 4th 2005<br />
Introductory Talk by Daniele Carati<br />
Tuesday July 5th 2005<br />
Round table on MHD channel flows<br />
Thursday July 7th 2005<br />
Stud<strong>en</strong>t Session,<br />
Cornelia Giessler (Ilm<strong>en</strong>au, Germany)<br />
Electromagnetic Influ<strong>en</strong>ce on Glass Melt Flow<br />
Raphaël Laguerre (Paris, France)<br />
Magneto-hydrodynamic approximation using a finite elem<strong>en</strong>t<br />
method<br />
Ow<strong>en</strong> Matthews (Zurich, Switzerland)<br />
Magnetic effects on circumstellar accretion discs<br />
Bogdan Teaca (University of Craiova, Visiting Stud<strong>en</strong>t ULB)<br />
Reversible versus irreversible effects in MHD turbul<strong>en</strong>ce<br />
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Monday July 11th 2005<br />
Round table on MHD ph<strong>en</strong>om<strong>en</strong>a in astrophysics<br />
Wednesday July 13th 2005<br />
Round table on Modelling of MHD turbul<strong>en</strong>ce<br />
Wednesday July 13th & Thursday July 14th2005<br />
Cost Action P17 - Working Group 1 "fundam<strong>en</strong>tals" meeting.<br />
Friday July 15th 2005<br />
Final banquet<br />
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S e m i n a r s a n d V i s i t o r s
S e m i n a r s a n d V i s i t o r s<br />
The list includes the seminars organized by the<br />
International <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong> as well the seminars, discussion<br />
groups and journal clubs co-organized with the<br />
“Service de Physique théorique” of the ULB, the “Theoretical<br />
Particle Group” of the VUB and the “High Energy Physics<br />
and Relativistic Field Theory Group” of the KUL.<br />
S e m i n a r s<br />
1. Workgroup on Mathur’s ideas – January 5 and 12, 2005.<br />
2. Distribution of nonsupersymmetric vacua, Frederik<br />
D<strong>en</strong>ef (Rutgers University) – January 5, 2005.<br />
3. LQG workshop: Ashtekar Variables, Joke Adam<br />
(KULeuv<strong>en</strong>) – January 12, 2005.<br />
4. LQG workgroup: Quantisation in the Loop Program,<br />
Geert Smet (KULeuv<strong>en</strong>) – January 20, 2005.<br />
5. Comm<strong>en</strong>ts on BRST quantization of topological strings,<br />
B<strong>en</strong> Craps (Amsterdam) – January 20, 2005.<br />
6. Stabilization of moduli by fluxes, Klaus Behrndt<br />
(Munich) – January 27, 2005.<br />
7. New operator-valued Relations in SL(2,R) WZNW model<br />
and Zamolodchikov Relations in Liouville Theory,<br />
Gaetano Bertoldi (Swansea) – January 27, 2005.<br />
8. Black hole <strong>en</strong>tropy, strings and higher curvature effects,<br />
Thomas Mohaupt (J<strong>en</strong>a) – February 9, 2005.<br />
9. New Results about the BMN correspond<strong>en</strong>ce from<br />
planar plane-wave matrix theory, Thomas Fischbacher<br />
(ULB) – February 9, 2005.<br />
10. String theory with fluxes: towards realistic vacua,<br />
Gianguido Dall’Agata (CERN) – February 16, 2005.<br />
11. Non-relativistic string theory: introduction and classical<br />
solutions, Filippo Passerini (KULeuv<strong>en</strong>)–<br />
February 16, 2005.<br />
12. Non-rational conformal field theory and D-branes in<br />
NS5-brane backgrounds, Jan Troost (ENS Paris)–<br />
February 23, 2005.<br />
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S e m i n a r s<br />
13. Inflation and strings – The Next G<strong>en</strong>eration, Ana<br />
Achucarro (Leid<strong>en</strong>) – March 2, 2005.<br />
14. Stability of Horova-Witt<strong>en</strong> spacetimes, Kelly Stelle<br />
(Imperial College, London) – March 2, 2005.<br />
15. The spinorial geometry of supersymmetric back<br />
grounds, Ulf Gran (King’s College, London) –<br />
March 9, 2005.<br />
16. N=4 Super Yang-Mills, Plane Wave Matrix Theory and<br />
Integrable Spin Chains, Jan Plefka (Postdam) – March 9,2005.<br />
17. Relaxation and unitarity in three-dim<strong>en</strong>sional black<br />
hole, Sergey N. Solodukhin (International University<br />
Brem<strong>en</strong>) – March 16, 2005.<br />
18. Some Applications of White Noise Theory To Quantum<br />
Dynamics by Takeyuki Hida (Meijo University) –<br />
March 22, 2005.<br />
19. Loop Quantum Gravity: an outside view, Marija<br />
Zamaklar (AEI Golm) – March 23, 2005.<br />
20. Loop Quantum Gravity: an outside view, Kasper Peeters<br />
(AEI Golm) – March 23, 2005.<br />
21. Dirac on M-branes with fluxes, Dima Sorokin (Padova) –<br />
April 6, 2005.<br />
22. Francqui Lecture: Non-linear Realization for Space-time<br />
Symmetries and Branes, Joaquim Gomis (Barcelona)<br />
April 6/13/20/27, 2005.<br />
23. Long lived massive superstrings and their decay proper<br />
ties, Roberto I<strong>en</strong>go (SISSA, Trieste) – April 13, 2005.<br />
24. D-term Inflation, brane inflation and cosmic strings,<br />
Anne Davis (Cambridge) – April 20, 2005.<br />
25. On AdS/CFT bubbling for D5-D1 system, Pedro Silva<br />
(Milano) – April 27, 2005.<br />
26. Black holes and elem<strong>en</strong>tary strings states, Ashoke S<strong>en</strong><br />
(Harish-Chandra Institute, Allahabad) – May 10/11/12, 2005.<br />
27. G<strong>en</strong>eralized Calabi-Yau manifolds from Supergravity<br />
Backgrounds, Mariana Grana (ENS, Paris) – June 1, 2005.<br />
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S e m i n a r s a n d V i s i t o r s<br />
28. Non-critical Supergravity and Holography, Stanislav<br />
Kuperstein (Tel-Aviv U.) – June 1, 2005.<br />
29. No sunsets for Neutrino Eyes by Pierre Ramond<br />
(University of Florida) – June 8, 2005.<br />
30. Hidd<strong>en</strong> symmetries and their non-linear realizations,<br />
Sophie de Buyl (ULB) – June 15, 2005.<br />
31. Background indep<strong>en</strong>d<strong>en</strong>ce in VSFT: Chan-Paton’s and<br />
Higgsing, Carlo Maccaferri (SISSA, Trieste) –<br />
June 15, 2005.<br />
32. Deformations of gauge theories from closed string<br />
backgrounds, Marco Billo (Università di Torino) –<br />
June 29, 2005.<br />
33. A differ<strong>en</strong>t picture for 4-dim<strong>en</strong>sional spacetime from<br />
intersecting branes, Tassilo Ott (KULeuv<strong>en</strong>) –<br />
July 6, 2005.<br />
34. Supersymmetric grand unified theories and cosmology,<br />
Mairi Sakellariadou (Ath<strong>en</strong>s) – July 6, 2005.<br />
35. The Proof of the Dijkgraaf-Vafa Conjecture, Frank Ferrari<br />
(ULB) – October 13, 2005.<br />
36. Towards a classification of supersymmetric back<br />
grounds : a spinorial geometry approach, Ulf Gran<br />
(KULeuv<strong>en</strong>) – October 20, 2005.<br />
37. Contractions of sigma models and integrations of mas<br />
sive modes, Maria A. Lledo – October 20, 2005.<br />
38. Instantons from Quantum Mechanics to String<br />
Theory, Andres Collinucci (KULeuv<strong>en</strong>) – October 27, 2005.<br />
39. Supersymmetric D-branes and calibrations on g<strong>en</strong>eral<br />
N=1 backgrounds, Luca Martucci (KUL) –<br />
October 27, 2005.<br />
40. On new Sasaki-Einstein supergravity geometries and<br />
their dual quiver gauge theories, Stanislav Kuperstein<br />
(ULB) – November 3, 2005.<br />
41. Are There Timelike-Polarized Photons on the Rindler<br />
Wedge ?, Jarah Evslin (ULB) – November 3, 2005.<br />
S e m i n a r s<br />
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S e m i n a r s a n d V i s i t o r s<br />
S e m i n a r s<br />
42. S-duality and Axion-Dilaton String Cosmology, Juan<br />
Maharana (Inst. of Physics, Bhubaneswar) –<br />
November 10, 2005.<br />
43. Smooth supergravity billiards, Ks<strong>en</strong>ya Rulik (Università<br />
di Torino) – November 10, 2005.<br />
44. Path integral quantization of non-Lagrangian<br />
dynamics, Simon Lyakhovich (Tomsk) –<br />
November 14, 2005.<br />
45. Par<strong>en</strong>t Theories, BRST quantization and the unfolded<br />
form of higher spin dynamics, Maxim Grigoriev<br />
(Lebedev Institute, Moscow) – November 17, 2005.<br />
46. Twistor Strings and Supergravity, Mohab Abou Zeid<br />
(VUB) – November 17, 2005.<br />
47. Local functional equation of the non-linear sigma<br />
model. Geometry and r<strong>en</strong>ormalization in D=4, Andrea<br />
Quadri (Milano University) – November 24, 2005.<br />
48. A Higgs mechanism for gravity, Ingo Kirsch ( Harvard) –<br />
November 24, 2005.<br />
49. On new Sasaki-Einstein supergravity geometries and<br />
their dual quiver gauge theories, Stanislav Kuperstein<br />
(ULB) – December 8, 2005.<br />
50. New Developm<strong>en</strong>ts in Pure Spinor String Theory:<br />
Partition Functions and Applications, Pietro Antonio<br />
Grassi (Cern) – December 8, 2005.<br />
51. Interactions and BRST cohomology, Sandrine Cnockaert<br />
(ULB) – December 15, 2005.<br />
52. D-branes in BTZ black holes backgrounds and strict<br />
deformation quantization, Stephane Detournay (UMH) –<br />
December 15, 2005.<br />
53. Constant Fayet Iliopoulos terms from N=2 supergravity,<br />
Mboyo Esole (University of Leid<strong>en</strong>) – December 22, 2005.<br />
54. High <strong>en</strong>ergy string scattering in the group theoretic<br />
approach, Nicolas Moeller (Sissa, Trieste) –<br />
December 22, 2005.<br />
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S e m i n a r s a n d V i s i t o r s<br />
Many sci<strong>en</strong>tists came to Brussels to participate in our<br />
workshops, symposia and 23rd <strong>Solvay</strong> Confer<strong>en</strong>ce, or to give<br />
a seminar. The lists are giv<strong>en</strong> in the previous corresponding<br />
sections. (p. 30-97)<br />
V i s i t o r s<br />
i n 2 0 0 5<br />
Cooperation agreem<strong>en</strong>ts<br />
In the context of the cooperation agreem<strong>en</strong>ts signed by the<br />
International <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong> with the C<strong>en</strong>tro de Estudios<br />
Ci<strong>en</strong>tificos (Valdivia, Chile) and with the Lebedev Physical<br />
Institute in Moscow, the following sci<strong>en</strong>tists visited the<br />
<strong>Institutes</strong>.<br />
Date<br />
February 6-14, 2005<br />
July 9 – 18, 2005<br />
Visitors<br />
Pr. Andres Gomberoff,<br />
C<strong>en</strong>tro de Estudios Ci<strong>en</strong>tificos,<br />
Valdivia, Chile.<br />
September 19 – 24, 2005<br />
October 19 –<br />
November 18, 2005<br />
Pr. Jorge Zanelli,<br />
C<strong>en</strong>tro de Estudios Ci<strong>en</strong>tificos,<br />
Valdivia, Chile.<br />
Pr. Maxim Grigoriev,<br />
Lebedev Physical Institute,<br />
Moscow, Russia.<br />
The joint work that resulted from these collaborations has<br />
led to published articles or preprints:<br />
1. A. Gomberoff, M. H<strong>en</strong>neaux, C. Teitelboim – Decay of the<br />
Cosmological Constant : Equival<strong>en</strong>ce of Quantum<br />
Tunneling and Thermal Activation in Two spacetime<br />
Dim<strong>en</strong>sions – Phys. Rev. D71:063509,2005 – [hep-th/0501152].<br />
2. M. Banados, G. Barnich, G. Compère, A. Gomberoff –<br />
Three Dim<strong>en</strong>sional Origin of Goedel Spacetimes and<br />
Black holes – e-Print Archive: hep-th/0512105.<br />
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V i s i t o r s<br />
i n 2 0 0 5<br />
3. G. Barnich, N. Bouatta, M. Grigoriev – Surface Charges<br />
and Dynamical Killing T<strong>en</strong>sors for Higher Spin Gauge<br />
Fields in constant Curvature Spaces – JHEP 0510:010,<br />
2005 – [hep-th/0507138].<br />
4. G. Barnich, G. Bonelli, M. Grigoriev – From BRST to<br />
Light-Cone Description of Higher Spin Gauge Fields –<br />
e-Print Archive: hep-th/0502232.<br />
5. G. Barnich, M. Grigoriev – BRST Ext<strong>en</strong>sion of the Non-<br />
Linear Unfolded Formalism – e-Print Archive: hepth/0504119.<br />
In the context of the cooperation agreem<strong>en</strong>t with the<br />
Meijo University at Nagoya (Japan), the following sci<strong>en</strong>tists<br />
visited the <strong>Institutes</strong> :<br />
March 20 – 25, 2005<br />
Pr. T. Hida and Dr T. Shimizu,<br />
Meijo University at Nagoya, Japan.<br />
Pr. Si Si,<br />
Faculty of Information<br />
Sci<strong>en</strong>ce and Technology, Aichi<br />
Prefectural University, Japan.<br />
Other visitors<br />
June 9 – 13, 2005<br />
Pr Lars Brink, Chalmers University<br />
of Technology, Goth<strong>en</strong>burg, Swed<strong>en</strong>.<br />
September 2 – 30, 2005 Dr. R. Conte, Service de Physique de<br />
l’Etat Cond<strong>en</strong>sé, Saclay, France.<br />
November 2005<br />
Pr. L. Faddeev, Steklov Math.<br />
Institute, St Petersburg, Russia.<br />
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o f t h e D i r e c t o r a n d o f t h e D e p u t y D i r e c t o r
R e s e a r c h c a r r i e d o u t i n t h e g r o u p s<br />
The groups of the Director and of the Deputy Director<br />
are respectively affiliated with the ULB (“Physique<br />
théorique et mathématique”) and the VUB (“Theoretische<br />
Natuurkunde”).<br />
Their sci<strong>en</strong>tific activities have be<strong>en</strong> supported by<br />
research funds from the FNRS, the FWO, the IISN (conv<strong>en</strong>tion<br />
4.4505.86), the “Interuniversity Attraction Poles<br />
Programme – Belgian Sci<strong>en</strong>ce Policy” and the European<br />
Commission FP6 programme MRTN-CT-2004-005104.<br />
The VUB group has be<strong>en</strong> reinforced in 2005 with the recruit<br />
of Professor B<strong>en</strong> Craps, from the University of Amsterdam.<br />
MEMBERS<br />
Perman<strong>en</strong>t members:<br />
Riccardo Argurio (FNRS/ULB)<br />
Gl<strong>en</strong>n Barnich (FNRS/ULB)<br />
B<strong>en</strong> Craps (VUB)<br />
Frank Ferrari (ULB)<br />
Marc H<strong>en</strong>neaux (ULB)<br />
Laur<strong>en</strong>t Houart (FNRS/ULB)<br />
Franklin Lambert (VUB)<br />
Micheline Musette (FWO/VUB)<br />
Christiane Schomblond (ULB)<br />
Alexander Sevrin (VUB)<br />
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Postdoctoral members:<br />
Mohab Abou Zeid (PAI-IUAP/VUB)<br />
Thomas Durt (FWO/VUB)<br />
Jarah Evslin (PAI-IUAP/ULB)<br />
Thomas Fischbacher (DAAD/ULB)<br />
Arjan Keur<strong>en</strong>tjes (FWO/VUB)<br />
Stanislav Kuperstein (PAI-IUAP/ULB)<br />
I. Loris (FWO/VUB)<br />
Carlo Maccaferri (PAI-IUAP/ULB)<br />
Louis Paulot (IISN/ULB)<br />
Mine Temürhan (PAI-IUAP/VUB)<br />
Alexander Volkov (VUB)<br />
Doctoral Stud<strong>en</strong>ts:<br />
Nazim Bouatta (ULB)<br />
Sandrine Cnockaert (ULB)<br />
S. Colin (VUB)<br />
Geoffrey Compère (ULB)<br />
Sophie de Buyl (ULB)<br />
F. Melakessou (VUB)<br />
Stijn Nev<strong>en</strong>s (VUB)<br />
Daniel Persson (ULB)<br />
C. Verhoev<strong>en</strong> (VUB)<br />
Nassiba Tabti (ULB)<br />
Vinc<strong>en</strong>t W<strong>en</strong>s (ULB)<br />
Alexander Wijns (VUB)<br />
Robert Brout (ULB) and François Englert (ULB), Honorary<br />
Members of the <strong>Institutes</strong> since March 2004 and 2004 Wolf<br />
Prizes for Physics, collaborate with the groups.<br />
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Research Summary<br />
Research in mathematical physics (i.e., theoretical physics<br />
with a strong mathematical cont<strong>en</strong>t) has continued to be<br />
pursued along two main, inter-connected, directions: one is<br />
the investigation of Einstein’s theory of gravity and its<br />
g<strong>en</strong>eralizations (supergravity, string theory and M-theory);<br />
the other is the study of a variety of topics related to nonlinear<br />
dynamical systems, ranging from completely integrable<br />
classical systems and quantum integrable lattices to<br />
non-integrable complex systems.<br />
Gravitation<br />
Of all the fundam<strong>en</strong>tal forces (electromagnetism, gravitation,<br />
weak and strong nuclear forces), gravity remains the<br />
most mysterious. In spite of its remarkable successes,<br />
Einstein’s g<strong>en</strong>eral theory of relativity, which has led to an<br />
unpreced<strong>en</strong>ted geometrizatrion of physics, is an unfinished<br />
revolution. The group has a long-standing interest<br />
in quantum gravity, quantum field theory, string theory<br />
and M-theory, black holes, cosmology, the cosmological constant<br />
problem (“dark <strong>en</strong>ergy”) and the novel mathematical<br />
structures underlying these questions.<br />
A question which has be<strong>en</strong> a c<strong>en</strong>tral focus of interest in<br />
2005 is the following.<br />
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String theory offers the best hope to marry consist<strong>en</strong>tly<br />
Einstein theory of gravity with quantum mechanics.<br />
However, we still have a very poor understanding of what<br />
string theory actually is. In particular, we do not know<br />
what its fundam<strong>en</strong>tal equations are (comparable to, say,<br />
the Maxwell equations for electromagnetism or the<br />
Einstein equations for gravity). Our understanding is based<br />
on perturbative argum<strong>en</strong>ts, supplem<strong>en</strong>ted by the remarkable<br />
insight provided by the dualities (which have led to<br />
“M-theory”). It is g<strong>en</strong>erally believed that progress in this<br />
area will be made if one correctly id<strong>en</strong>tifies the fundam<strong>en</strong>tal<br />
symmetries underlying string theory.<br />
It has long be<strong>en</strong> suspected that infinite-dim<strong>en</strong>sional Kac-<br />
Moody algebras of Lor<strong>en</strong>tzian type (beyond the affine case)<br />
should play an important role in this context. The evid<strong>en</strong>ce<br />
came from the unanticipated emerg<strong>en</strong>ce of large symme-<br />
Hidd<strong>en</strong> symmetries of<br />
theories containing gravity<br />
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try groups in the toroidal dim<strong>en</strong>sional compactification of<br />
supergravity theories (which describe the low <strong>en</strong>ergy limit<br />
of string models) as well as from the structure of the string<br />
duality groups.<br />
Rec<strong>en</strong>tly, a new impulse to the subject has be<strong>en</strong> provided<br />
by the study of the so-called BKL limit of gravitational theories<br />
in the vicinity of a spacelike singularity, which has<br />
revealed that the dynamics of the gravitational field is<br />
equival<strong>en</strong>t, at each spatial point, to the motion of a billiard<br />
ball in a region of hyperbolic space with remarkable regularity<br />
properties. This billiard region turns out, in fact, to be<br />
the fundam<strong>en</strong>tal Weyl chamber of a Lor<strong>en</strong>tzian Kac-Moody<br />
algebra of the type m<strong>en</strong>tioned above.<br />
The infinite-dim<strong>en</strong>sional Kac-Moody “groups” that emerge<br />
for M-theory are E10 or E11. These infinite-dim<strong>en</strong>sional<br />
structures are still poorly understood mathematically and<br />
op<strong>en</strong> fascinating connections with frontier-research in<br />
algebra and group theory.<br />
We have continued our investigations in this area. In particular,<br />
we have analyzed the various spacetime signatures<br />
that can occur within the Weyl orbit that contains the<br />
Minkowskian signature. We have also studied how fermions<br />
and supersymmetry <strong>en</strong>ter the picture.<br />
Wh<strong>en</strong> trying to make the E10 or E11 symmetry manifest, one<br />
inevitably <strong>en</strong>counters higher spin massless fields and dualities<br />
betwe<strong>en</strong> them. The vigorous study of these structures,<br />
launched in the last years, has be<strong>en</strong> pursued.<br />
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Further topics investigated in the g<strong>en</strong>eral area of gravitation<br />
theory, quantum field theory and string theory are:<br />
• supersymmetric gauge theories,<br />
• D-branes and effective actions,<br />
• black holes in Goedel universes,<br />
• duality of Einstein gravity,<br />
• the cosmological constant problem and dark <strong>en</strong>ergy,<br />
where new results have be<strong>en</strong> reported in the publications<br />
listed below.<br />
Nonlinear dynamics, solitons and integrability.<br />
Solitons and strange attractors are the two major discoveries<br />
which deeply changed our understanding of the<br />
behaviour of nonlinear systems with many degrees of freedom.<br />
Solitons arise in integrable nonlinear systems with an<br />
infinite number of degrees of freedom. Their study has led<br />
to a longterm investigation of a large variety of integrable<br />
systems, ranging from soliton PDE’s (continuous systems)<br />
to integrable lattices (semi-discrete and discrete systems)<br />
and cellular automata (ultra-discrete systems).<br />
The 2005 research activity in this area has be<strong>en</strong> conc<strong>en</strong>trated<br />
on the following topics.<br />
Integrable models in 2+1 dim<strong>en</strong>sions.<br />
Integrability, as it is understood today in soliton theory, is<br />
a ph<strong>en</strong>om<strong>en</strong>on which occurs only in 2+1 dim<strong>en</strong>sional dynamical<br />
systems and in their numerous lower dim<strong>en</strong>sional<br />
reductions. The investigation of integrable models in 2+1<br />
dim<strong>en</strong>sions has therefore become a major <strong>en</strong>davour in curr<strong>en</strong>t<br />
mathematical physics.<br />
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• One such fundam<strong>en</strong>tal model is the ubiquitous Hirota<br />
bilinear lattice equation (HBLE), which has rec<strong>en</strong>tly<br />
attracted considerable att<strong>en</strong>tion. Yet, the theory of<br />
this equation is still for from complete. One of the main<br />
problems is that the traditional Zakharov-Shabat<br />
approach breaks the natural symmetry betwe<strong>en</strong> the 2<br />
spatial dim<strong>en</strong>sions, treating one of<br />
them as an inner<br />
degree of freedom.<br />
We tackled this problem by developping a manifestly 3-<br />
dim<strong>en</strong>sional approach to HBLE, based on Maillet-<br />
Nijhoff’s local Yang-Baxter equation.<br />
• As far as continuous soliton models are concerned, we<br />
ext<strong>en</strong>ded our previous analysis of soliton resonances<br />
and instabilities in 1+1 dim<strong>en</strong>sional integrable systems<br />
to 2+1 dim<strong>en</strong>sional counterparts, such as the KP and CKP<br />
equations.<br />
• Within the classical and continuous context we also<br />
developed a truly algorithmic procedure for the<br />
construction of the subsequ<strong>en</strong>t members of the infinite<br />
dim<strong>en</strong>sional KP and the m KP hierarchies, based on the<br />
use of two classes of g<strong>en</strong>eralized Bell polynomials. This<br />
approach provides new insight into the tau-function<br />
formulation of Sato theory.<br />
• In the framework of our ongoing study of discrete 2+1<br />
dim<strong>en</strong>sional soliton systems, and their reductions, we<br />
continued our systematic construction and classifica<br />
tion of discrete Painlevé equations and related integrable<br />
mappings, by means of various techniques. We studied,<br />
in particular, the origin of integrable mappings in<br />
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the g<strong>en</strong>eral framework of the Hirota-Miwa equation<br />
(associated with an infinite dim<strong>en</strong>sional symmetry<br />
algebra of Kac-Moody type).<br />
• We applied the acquired expertise in discretizing continuous<br />
integrable systems, and in the related technique<br />
of ultra-discretization, to the study of particular biological<br />
models, the dynamics of which can be analyzed by<br />
means of appropriate cellular automata.<br />
Quantum integrability<br />
The importance of HBLE, as a fundam<strong>en</strong>tal integrable<br />
model in 2+1 dim<strong>en</strong>sions, is not limited to classical soliton<br />
theory. The same system emerges in the form of the<br />
thermodynamic Bethe-ansatz equations for particular<br />
quantum integrable models.<br />
An unsolved problem in this context is<br />
to obtain a proof of the famous Zamolodchikov-conjecture.<br />
We rec<strong>en</strong>tly managed to establish such a proof in some previously<br />
unsolved cases.<br />
The group also continued to develop some topics of the<br />
2004 research programme related to quantum information,<br />
and more particularly to the study of <strong>en</strong>tangled<br />
quantum states, and to their application to quantum<br />
cloning and quantum cryptography. This work led to the<br />
realization of the s.c. optimal economic phase-covariant<br />
qubit cloner by nuclear magnetic resonance techniques.<br />
The research activity of the two groups in 2005 has resulted<br />
in 42 publications and 16 preprints as indicated in the pu-<br />
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blication list giv<strong>en</strong> below.<br />
Research interests of new<br />
Faculty members<br />
The research groups of the Director (ULB) and the Deputy<br />
Director (VUB) have rec<strong>en</strong>tly be<strong>en</strong> str<strong>en</strong>gth<strong>en</strong>ed by the<br />
recruit of Frank Ferrari (from the Ecole Normale Supérieure<br />
de Paris) and B<strong>en</strong> Craps (from the University of<br />
Amsterdam). An important elem<strong>en</strong>t in the decision of<br />
Professors Craps and Ferrari to come to Brussels was the<br />
attractive pres<strong>en</strong>ce of the International <strong>Solvay</strong> <strong>Institutes</strong>.<br />
The following <strong>page</strong>s describe the research of these new<br />
Faculty members.<br />
Research interests - B<strong>en</strong> Craps<br />
A recurr<strong>en</strong>t theme in modern physics is that intuition from<br />
everyday experi<strong>en</strong>ce t<strong>en</strong>ds to fail wh<strong>en</strong> applied to more<br />
extreme circumstances. Quantum mechanics says that in<br />
the world of the very small, it is fundam<strong>en</strong>tally impossible<br />
to know both the position and the velocity of a particle.<br />
Special relativity implies that in the world of the very fast,<br />
moving clocks run slower and moving objects are shorter.<br />
While counter-intuitive, many predictions of these theories<br />
have be<strong>en</strong> experim<strong>en</strong>tally confirmed beyond serious<br />
doubt.<br />
Another cornerstone of 20th c<strong>en</strong>tury physics is the theory<br />
of g<strong>en</strong>eral relativity. In special relativity, the notions of<br />
space and time had be<strong>en</strong> combined in a concept called<br />
“space-time”. G<strong>en</strong>eral relativity adds to this that space-<br />
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time can be curved, and that the gravitational<br />
force is precisely due to the curvature<br />
of space-time. While this theory has celebrated<br />
spectacular observational confirmation,<br />
it has also predicted signatures of its<br />
own incomplet<strong>en</strong>ess: space-time singularities.<br />
Space-time singularities are regions of infinite<br />
curvature. The theory predicts that they<br />
are pres<strong>en</strong>t inside black holes, for the exist<strong>en</strong>ce<br />
of which there exists strong observational<br />
evid<strong>en</strong>ce, and at the “Big Bang”, the beginning of our<br />
universe. Near space-time singularities, the equations of<br />
g<strong>en</strong>eral relativity do not make s<strong>en</strong>se. Physically, the theory<br />
cannot predict what happ<strong>en</strong>s to a particle that reaches the<br />
singularity. A related question is whether time should be<br />
thought of as beginning at the Big Bang, or whether it<br />
makes s<strong>en</strong>se to talk about space and time before the Big<br />
Bang. These questions are beyond the scope of g<strong>en</strong>eral relativity.<br />
Another sign of the incomplet<strong>en</strong>ess of g<strong>en</strong>eral relativity is<br />
that it is not straightforward to combine it with quantum<br />
mechanics. The techniques that have prov<strong>en</strong> so useful in<br />
particle physics now lead to results that are only useful<br />
wh<strong>en</strong> one studies space-time on distance scales large compared<br />
to the Planck l<strong>en</strong>gth, the intrinsic l<strong>en</strong>gth scale of<br />
quantum gravity. To study space-time on the smallest<br />
l<strong>en</strong>gth scales, which are relevant for the physics of the Big<br />
Bang and black hole singularities, a more complete theory<br />
is needed.<br />
At the mom<strong>en</strong>t, string theory is the best-developed candi-<br />
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date for a theory that combines<br />
g<strong>en</strong>eral relativity<br />
with quantum mechanics.<br />
While this is still a theory<br />
under construction, which<br />
has not <strong>en</strong>joyed experim<strong>en</strong>tal<br />
confirmation yet, it<br />
has led to deep connections<br />
betwe<strong>en</strong> the <strong>en</strong>igmatic<br />
gravitational force and better-understood<br />
theories of<br />
the type that underlie particle<br />
physics. These connections<br />
are known under the name “holography”. This, among<br />
many other things, gives hope that string theory is the right<br />
framework to study the short-distance structure of spacetime,<br />
and in particular the fundam<strong>en</strong>tal questions associated<br />
with space-time singularities.<br />
Our rec<strong>en</strong>t and ongoing work studies concrete, simplified<br />
models of space-time singularities, using holography within<br />
the framework of string theory. Our preliminary results<br />
suggest that, at least in a particular model, the notion of<br />
space itself breaks down near a “Big Bang” singularity. The<br />
fundam<strong>en</strong>tal laws of physics in this model are those of a<br />
quantum theory of large matrices. Far away from the Big<br />
Bang, the fundam<strong>en</strong>tal theory allows an excell<strong>en</strong>t approximate<br />
description in terms of particles moving in a spacetime,<br />
which reproduces (the model’s version of) physics as<br />
we know it. However, very close to the Big Bang, the approximation<br />
that would lead to a space-time description is not<br />
valid, and one has to use the fundam<strong>en</strong>tal description to do<br />
computations. The hope is that those computations will be<br />
tractable in our simplified models, and that they may ev<strong>en</strong>-<br />
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Research interests - Frank Ferrari<br />
The year 2005 was the “World Year of Physics.” It marked the<br />
hundredth anniversary of Einstein’s “miraculous year,”<br />
during which he shaped XXth c<strong>en</strong>tury physics in five papers<br />
that changed our physical understanding of nature.<br />
Einstein’s 1905 papers dealt with the exist<strong>en</strong>ce of atoms,<br />
the relativity of space and time, and the quantum nature of<br />
light. Most of the theoretical efforts in the following<br />
decades were devoted to the elaboration of these ideas. The<br />
true nature of classical space-time was uncovered by<br />
Einstein himself in 1915. A consist<strong>en</strong>t perturbative quantum<br />
theory<br />
of light was constructed in the late 40s. Its g<strong>en</strong>eralizations,<br />
the non-abelian gauge theories, form the basis of the<br />
Standard Model of Particle Physics. In return for the<br />
construction and use of their perturbative quantization in<br />
the 70s, the 1999 and 2004 Nobel Prizes in Physics were<br />
awarded to European and American sci<strong>en</strong>tists.<br />
My g<strong>en</strong>eral interests are in keeping with this line of<br />
research, which aims at understanding the basic laws of<br />
nature governing at the same time the fundam<strong>en</strong>tal interactions<br />
betwe<strong>en</strong> elem<strong>en</strong>tary particles and the cosmological<br />
evolution of the Universe as a whole. Fundam<strong>en</strong>tal questions<br />
remain to be answered, related to the construction of<br />
a consist<strong>en</strong>t quantum theory of gravity and of the other<br />
forces, and to the understanding of the associated strongly<br />
coupled, highly non-linear, physics.<br />
This research provides the basis for understanding the origin<br />
of the Universe and the observed structure of our<br />
world, which strongly dep<strong>en</strong>ds on such details as the<br />
masses of elem<strong>en</strong>tary particles or the precise str<strong>en</strong>gth of<br />
the fundam<strong>en</strong>tal interactions.<br />
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My main objects of study are quantum field theories and<br />
string theories. Quantum field theory (QFT) is the framework<br />
that unifies quantum mechanics and special relativity.<br />
Gauge theories, which are QFTs with a local symmetry,<br />
are known to describe three (the electromagnetic, weak<br />
and strong forces) of the four fundam<strong>en</strong>tal interactions<br />
betwe<strong>en</strong> elem<strong>en</strong>tary particles. String theory is the framework<br />
that unifies QFT and g<strong>en</strong>eral relativity, and is thus a<br />
unified theory of quantum gravity and of the gauge interactions.<br />
Quantum field theories are very well understood<br />
wh<strong>en</strong> the str<strong>en</strong>gth of the interactions is weak (see the<br />
Nobel Prizes in Physics 1999 and 2004). However, wh<strong>en</strong> the<br />
couplings are strong, only a few tools are available to analyse<br />
the theories, and, in four dim<strong>en</strong>sions, these tools apply<br />
mainly to supersymmetric models.<br />
The study of supersymmetric gauge theories is an extremely<br />
fruitful subject. It yields exact (non-perturbative)<br />
results in four dim<strong>en</strong>sional theories for which the structure<br />
of the interactions are governed by the same Principle that<br />
applies for the strong, weak and electromagnetic forces.<br />
These results rely on a very large set of advanced theoretical<br />
techniques, and many were obtained by using the<br />
mathematical structure of string theory. For example, it is<br />
possible to determine the exact spectrum of stable particles<br />
in a large set of interesting theories; the phase diagrams,<br />
including all the quantum corrections, can be computed;<br />
and many relations betwe<strong>en</strong> seemingly disconnected<br />
theories can be demonstrated (“dualities”). Rec<strong>en</strong>tly,<br />
Dijkgraaf and Vafa have proposed a very powerful conjecture<br />
that allows to derive all the above m<strong>en</strong>tioned results<br />
in a unifying way. This conjecture has its roots in a very<br />
deep correspond<strong>en</strong>ce in string theory, called “holography,”<br />
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that relates gauge theories in d dim<strong>en</strong>sions and string<br />
theories in d + 1 dim<strong>en</strong>sions. It has also many non-trivial<br />
consequ<strong>en</strong>ces in algebraic geometry, making a link betwe<strong>en</strong><br />
singularities in algebraic varieties and non-commutative<br />
algebras. The main highlight of my research over the<br />
last couple of years has be<strong>en</strong> to provide a full proof of the<br />
Dijkgraaf-Vafa conjecture, based on earlier work by<br />
Cachazo, Douglas, Seiberg and Witt<strong>en</strong>.<br />
The fact that the beautiful mathematics m<strong>en</strong>tioned above<br />
apply only to supersymmetric models is a fundam<strong>en</strong>tal<br />
issue, because there is a great deal of very important nonsupersymmetric<br />
physics that is <strong>en</strong>tirely in the realm of<br />
strong coupling. The most promin<strong>en</strong>t problem is to understand<br />
the perman<strong>en</strong>t confinem<strong>en</strong>t of quarks into hadrons<br />
(like the proton and the neutron). The force that is responsible<br />
for this confinem<strong>en</strong>t is so strong that the associated<br />
<strong>en</strong>ergy field actually accounts for more than 90% of the<br />
mass of ordinary matter. Our best hope to understand this<br />
<strong>en</strong>ergy field is to use the holographic correspond<strong>en</strong>ce with<br />
a five dim<strong>en</strong>sional string theory. Since this is a theory of<br />
quantum gravity, we see that the physics of the strong<br />
interactions and the physics of quantum gravity (including<br />
black holes, the nature of space-time singularities, etc. . . )<br />
are equival<strong>en</strong>t, ev<strong>en</strong> though the precise form of the correspond<strong>en</strong>ce<br />
is very subtle.<br />
This is a spectacular unification of ideas and concepts, with<br />
powerful consequ<strong>en</strong>ces. Unfortunately, our pres<strong>en</strong>t<br />
understanding of strongly coupled non-supersymmetric<br />
theories remains limited by two main drawbacks: string<br />
theories are tractable in g<strong>en</strong>eral only in weakly curved backgrounds,<br />
wh<strong>en</strong> a classical treatm<strong>en</strong>t based on Einstein’s<br />
equations and its g<strong>en</strong>eralizations make s<strong>en</strong>se; and a holo-<br />
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graphic description of cosmological backgrounds is not<br />
known. These limitations have prev<strong>en</strong>ted us from obtaining<br />
the solution to g<strong>en</strong>uinely non-supersymmetric gauge<br />
theories, as well as from understanding space-like singularities<br />
that occur in many cosmological sc<strong>en</strong>arios like the<br />
Big-Bang. These are very deep and fascinating op<strong>en</strong> problems,<br />
on which we may hope to make significant progresses<br />
in years to come.<br />
dW = 0<br />
∮Rdz ∈ 2iπZ<br />
Interaction betwe<strong>en</strong> D-branes. The same string diagram (upper inset) can be interpreted either as a<br />
tree diagram for a closed string (left inset) or as a one-loop diagram for an op<strong>en</strong> string (right inset).<br />
The closed string interpretation yields a description in terms of a theory of quantum gravity. There<br />
are fluxes in space-time that g<strong>en</strong>erate a non-trivial pot<strong>en</strong>tial W. The op<strong>en</strong> string interpretation<br />
yields in principle an equival<strong>en</strong>t description in terms of a quantum gauge theory.<br />
A notable result obtained rec<strong>en</strong>tly [F. Ferrari, hep-th/0602249] was to show that the extremization<br />
of the pot<strong>en</strong>tial W in the gravity theory was equival<strong>en</strong>t to a set of Dirac-like quantization conditions<br />
in the gauge theory, proving a conjecture by Dijkgraaf and Vafa which is equival<strong>en</strong>t to the<br />
op<strong>en</strong>/closed string duality in a special case.<br />
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Publications 2005<br />
Research groups of the Director and of the Deputy-Director<br />
1. R. Auzzi, S. Bolognesi, J. Evslin – Monopoles Can be<br />
Confined by 0, 1 or 2 Vortices – JHEP 0502:046, 2005 -<br />
[hep-th/0411074].<br />
2. G. Barnich, N. Bouatta, M. Grigoriev – Surface Charges<br />
and Dynamical Killing T<strong>en</strong>sors for Higher Spin Gauge<br />
Fields in constant Curvature Spaces – JHEP 0510:010,<br />
2005 – [hep-th/0507138].<br />
3. G. Barnich, G. Compère – G<strong>en</strong>eralized Smarr relation for<br />
Kerr AdS Black holes from improved conservation laws<br />
– Phys. Rev. D71: 044016, 2005 – [gr-qc/0412029].<br />
4. G. Barnich, G. Compère – Conserved Charges and<br />
Thermodynamics of the Spinning Gödel Black Hole –<br />
Phys. Rev. Lett. 95: 031302, 2005 – [hep-th/0501102].<br />
5. G. Barnich, M. Grigoriev – Hamiltonian BRST and<br />
Batalin-Vilkovisky formalisms for second quantization<br />
of gauge theories – Commun. Math. 254, 581-601, 2005 -<br />
[hep-th/0310083].<br />
6. G. Barnich, M. Grigoriev, A. Semikhatov, I. Tipunin –<br />
Par<strong>en</strong>t field theory and unfolding in BRST first quanti<br />
zed terms – Commun. Math. 260, 147-181, 2005 - [hepth/0406192].<br />
7. X. Bekaert, N. Boulanger, S. Cnockaert - No Self-<br />
Interaction for two-column massless fields. – JMP 46:<br />
012303, 2005 – [hep-th/0407102].<br />
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8. S. Cnockaert, M. H<strong>en</strong>neaux – Lovelock Terms and BRST<br />
Cohomology – Class. Quant. Grav. 22: 2797-2810, 2005 –<br />
[hep-th/0504169].<br />
9. S. Colin, J. Corbett, T. Durt, D. Gross – About SIC POVM’s<br />
and discrete Wigner distributions – J. Opt. B, Quantum<br />
Semiclass. Opt. (2005) 7, S778-S785.<br />
10. R. Conte, M. Musette and C. Verhoev<strong>en</strong> – Explicit integra<br />
tion of Hénon-Heiles Hamiltonians – J. Nonlinear Math.<br />
Phys. (2005) 12, 212-227.<br />
11. R. Conte, M. Musette and C. Verhoev<strong>en</strong> – Complet<strong>en</strong>ess<br />
of the cubic and quartic Hénon-Heiles Hamiltonian –<br />
Theor. Marth. Phys. (2005) 144, 888-858.<br />
12. R. Conte, M. Musette and C. Verhoev<strong>en</strong> – Hamiltonians<br />
with two degrees of freedom admitting a singlevalued<br />
g<strong>en</strong>eral solution – Analysis in Theory and Applic. (2005)<br />
21, 188-200.<br />
13. T. Damour, M. H<strong>en</strong>neaux, H. Nicolai – Billiard Dynamics<br />
of Einstein-Mater Systems Near a Spacelike Singularity –<br />
Proceedings of « School on Quantum Gravity »<br />
(Valdivia, Chile, Jan. 2002) – A. Gomberoff et D. Marolf<br />
eds, Springer (New York: 2005).<br />
14. S. de Buyl, L. Houart, N. Tabti – Dualities and Signatures<br />
of G++ Invariant Theories – JHEP 0506 : 084, 2005 –<br />
[hep-th/0505199].<br />
15. S. de Buyl, M. H<strong>en</strong>neaux, L. Paulot – Hidd<strong>en</strong> Symmetries<br />
and Dirac Fermions – Class. Quant. Grav. 22: 3595-3622,<br />
2005 – [hep-th/0506009].<br />
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16. T. Durt, J. Fiurasek and N. Cerf – Economical quantum<br />
cloning in any dim<strong>en</strong>sion – Phys. Rev. A (2005) 72,<br />
052322-052340.<br />
17. T. Durt – A new expression for mutually unbiased bases<br />
in prime power dim<strong>en</strong>sions – J. Phys. A (2005) 38, 5267-5283.<br />
18. F. Englert - Brok<strong>en</strong> Symmetry and Yang-Mills theory,<br />
Contribution to 'Fifty years of Yang Mills theory', editor<br />
G.'t Hooft, World Sci<strong>en</strong>tific (2005) - [hep-th/0406162].<br />
20. J. Evslin – A Correction to the RR Tadpole Cancellation<br />
Condition – Prepared for the II Southeastern European<br />
Workshop, Chall<strong>en</strong>ges Beyond the Standard Model –<br />
BW2005 Workshop:36, 2005.<br />
21. J. Evslin and H. Sati – M-Theory, Type II String Theory and<br />
Refinem<strong>en</strong>ts of Twisted K-Theory – Prepared for the<br />
Miniworkshop: Gerbes, Twisted K-Theory and Conformal<br />
Field Theory – Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut<br />
Oberwolfach Report No. 38/2005:7, 2005.<br />
22. F. Ferrari – Super Yang-Mills, Matrix Models and<br />
Geometric Transitions – Comptes R<strong>en</strong>dus de l’Académie<br />
des Sci<strong>en</strong>ces de Paris (Physique) 6 : 219-230, 2005 –<br />
[hep-th/0410169].<br />
23. A. Fuster, M. H<strong>en</strong>neaux, A. Maas – BRST-Antifield<br />
Quantization : A Short Review – Int. J. Geom. Meth. Mod.<br />
Phys. 2, 939-963, 2005 – [hep-th/0506098].<br />
19. F. Englert, M. H<strong>en</strong>neaux and L. Houart – From Very-<br />
Ext<strong>en</strong>ded to Overext<strong>en</strong>ded Gravity And M-Theories –<br />
JHEP 0502: 070, 2005 - [hep-th/0412184].<br />
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24. A. Gomberoff, M. H<strong>en</strong>neaux, C. Teitelboim – Decay of the<br />
Cosmological Constant : Equival<strong>en</strong>ce of Quantum<br />
Tunneling and Thermal Activation in Two spacetime<br />
Dim<strong>en</strong>sions – Phys. Rev. D71:063509, 2005 –<br />
[hep-th/0501152].<br />
25. B. Grammaticos, A. Ramani, J. Satsuma, R. Willox and A.S.<br />
Carstea – Reductions of integrable lattices – J. Nonlinear<br />
Math. Phys. (2005) 12, Sup. 1, 363-371.<br />
26. M. H<strong>en</strong>neaux – Le mystère de l’énergie sombre de<br />
l’Univers – Bull. Cl. Sc. Acad. Roy. Belg., 6e série Tome XV,<br />
305-317, 2005 (publié <strong>en</strong> 2005).<br />
27. M. H<strong>en</strong>neaux, C. Teitelboim – Duality in Linearized<br />
Gravity – Phys. Rev. D71: 024018, 2005 – [gr-qc/0408101].<br />
28. Jiangf<strong>en</strong>g Du, T. Durt, Ping Zou, Hui Li, L. Kwek, C.H. Lo<br />
and A. Ekert – Experim<strong>en</strong>tal quantum cloning with prior<br />
partial information – Phys. Rev. Lett. (2005) 94, 040505.<br />
29. A. Keur<strong>en</strong>tjes, P. Koerber, S. Nev<strong>en</strong>s, A. Sevrin, A. Wijns -<br />
Towards an Effective Action for D-Branes - Fortschritte<br />
der Physik 53, 599, 2005.<br />
30. F. Lambert, J. Springael – “From soliton equations to<br />
their zero-curvature formulation” in Bilinear Integrable<br />
Systems : from Classical to Quantum, Continuous to<br />
Discrete - Eds L. Faddeev, P. van Moerbeke and F. Lambert,<br />
Nato Sci<strong>en</strong>ce Series II (2005) 201, Springer -Verlag.<br />
31. F. Lambert – “Albert Einstein”- Nouvelle Biographie<br />
Nationale extrait du tome 8, Bruxelles 2005, Académie<br />
Royale de Belgique.<br />
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32. L. Paulot – Selfduality of D=2 Reduction of Gravity<br />
Coupled to a Sigma-Model – Phys. Lett. B609, 367-371,<br />
2005 – [hep-th/0412157].<br />
33. A. Ramani, R. Willox, B. Grammaticos, A.S. Carstea and<br />
J. Satsuma – Limits and deg<strong>en</strong>eracies of discrete Painlevé<br />
equations : a sequel – Physica A (2005) 347, 1-16.<br />
34. A. Sevrin – Prospects from Strings and Branes - in the<br />
proceedings of the 39th R<strong>en</strong>contres de Moriond on<br />
Electroweak Interactions and Unified Theories, 2005.<br />
35. C. Verhoev<strong>en</strong>, M. Musette, R. Conte – On reduction of<br />
some KdV-type systems and their link to the quartic<br />
Hénon-Heiles Hamiltonian, in Bilinear Integrable<br />
Systems : from Classical to Quantum, Continuous to<br />
Discrete – Eds L. Faddeev, P. van Moerbeke and F.<br />
Lambert, Nato Sci<strong>en</strong>ce Series II (2005) 201, Springer -<br />
Verlag.<br />
36. A. Volkov – Noncommutative Hypergeometry –<br />
Commun. Math. Phys. (2005) 258, 257-273.<br />
37. R. Willox, B. Grammaticos and A. Ramani – A study of the<br />
antisymmetric QRT mappings – J. Phys. A (2005)<br />
38, 5227-5236.<br />
38. R. Willox – On a g<strong>en</strong>eralized Tzitzeica equation –<br />
Glasgow Math Journal (2005) 47 A, 221-231.<br />
39. R. Willox – Special function solutions for integrable non<br />
linear PDE’s – Proceedings of the 5th East Asia PDE<br />
Confer<strong>en</strong>ce, Gakkotosho – Int Series – Math. Sci<strong>en</strong>ces<br />
and Appl. (2005) 22, 91-106.<br />
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40. R. Willox, J. Satsuma – Discrete integrable systems –<br />
Proceedings of the 2003 CIMPA Winterschool on<br />
Discrete Integrable Systems, Pondicherry (India) -<br />
Springer Lecture Notes in Physics (2005) 644.<br />
41. R. Willox and J. Hietarinta – On the bilinear forms of<br />
Painlevé’s 4th equation in Bilinear Integrable Systems :<br />
from Classical to Quantum, Continuous to Discrete –<br />
Eds. L. Faddeev, P. van Moerbeke and F. Lambert, Nato<br />
Sci<strong>en</strong>ce Series II (2005) 201, Springer-Verlag.<br />
42. F. Lambert – De band<strong>en</strong> tuss<strong>en</strong> Albert Einstein <strong>en</strong> België<br />
– Nederlands Tijdschrift v. Natuurkunde (2005)<br />
11, pp 350-353.<br />
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Preprints<br />
43. M. Abou-Zeid, C. Hull - A chiral perturbation expansion –<br />
e-Print Archive: hep-th/0511189.<br />
44. M. Banados, G. Barnich, G. Compère, A. Gomberoff –<br />
Three Dim<strong>en</strong>sional Origin of Goedel Spacetimes and<br />
Black holes – e-Print Archive: hep-th/0512105.<br />
45. G. Barnich, G. Bonelli, M. Grigoriev – From BRST to Light-<br />
Cone Description of Higher Spin Gauge Fields – e-Print<br />
Archive: hep-th/0502232.<br />
46. G. Barnich, M. Grigoriev – BRST Ext<strong>en</strong>sion of the Non-<br />
Linear Unfolded Formalism – e-Print Archive: hepth/0504119.<br />
47. X. Bekaert, S. Cnockaert, C. Iazeolla, M.A. Vasiliev –<br />
Nonlinear Higher Spin Theories in Various Dim<strong>en</strong>sions –<br />
e-Print Archive: hep-th/0503128.<br />
48. X. Bekaert, N. Boulanger, S. Cnockaert – Spin Three<br />
Gauge Theory Revisited – e-Print Archive :<br />
hep-th/0508048.<br />
49. S. Bolognesi, J. Evslin – Stable Versus Unstable Vortices in<br />
SQCD – e-Print Archive : hep-th/0506174.<br />
50. N. Boulanger, S. Cnockaert, S. Leclercq – Parity Violating<br />
Vertices For Spin-3 Gauge Fields – e-Print archive :<br />
hep-th/0509118.<br />
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51. P. Bouwknegt, J. Evslin, B. Jurco, V. Mathai, H. Sati – Flux<br />
Compactifications of Projective Spaces and the<br />
S-Duality Puzzle – e-Print archive : hep-th/0501110.<br />
52. R. Brout – From Inflation to Dark Energy – e-Print<br />
archive: gr-qc/0508019.<br />
53. S. de Buyl, M. H<strong>en</strong>neaux, L. Paulot – Ext<strong>en</strong>ded E8<br />
Invariance of 11-Dim<strong>en</strong>sional Supergravity – e-Print<br />
archive : hep-th/05012292.<br />
54. J. Evslin, M. Fairbairn – Photon Mixing in Domain Walls<br />
and the Cosmic Coincid<strong>en</strong>ce Problem – e-Print archive:<br />
hep-ph/0507020.<br />
55. J. Evslin – Killing Horizons – e-Print archive:<br />
hep-th/0512160.<br />
56. L. Houart – Kac-Moody Algebras in Gravity and M-theories<br />
– e-Print archive: hep-th/0511009.<br />
57. A. Keur<strong>en</strong>tjes - Poincare-duality and G+++ algebras –<br />
e-Print archive : hep-th/0510212.<br />
58. F. Lambert, S. Colin, J. Springael and R. Willox – An elem<strong>en</strong>tary<br />
method for the construction of hierarchies of<br />
soliton equations – VUB preprint 2005.<br />
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Invited Talks at<br />
confer<strong>en</strong>ces, seminars.<br />
1) January 5- 14, 2005 : Gl<strong>en</strong>n Barnich, “Introduction to<br />
higher spin gauge theories” – CECS Summer<br />
Workshop 2005, Valdivia, Chile.<br />
2) January 9-23, 2005 : Marc H<strong>en</strong>neaux, “Non Linear<br />
Realizations of E(10) and 11-Dim<strong>en</strong>sional<br />
Supergravity” – CECS Summer Workshop 2005,<br />
Valdivia, Chile.<br />
3) January 2005 : R. Willox, “Special function solutions<br />
for integrable nonlinear PDE’s” – invited contribution<br />
to the 5th East Asia PDE Confer<strong>en</strong>ce, Osaka, Japan.<br />
4) January 2005 : T. Durt, “Applications of the g<strong>en</strong>eralized<br />
Pauli group in prime, prime power and non-prime<br />
dim<strong>en</strong>sions” – 3rd Asia-Pacific Workshop on Quantum<br />
Information Sci<strong>en</strong>ce, Singapore.<br />
5) January 14- 21, 2005 : Gl<strong>en</strong>n Barnich, “Introduction to<br />
higher spin gauge theories” – Universidad Catholica<br />
de Santiago, Chile.<br />
6) February 17, 2005 : Marc H<strong>en</strong>neaux, “Le mystère de<br />
l’énergie sombre de l’univers, le plus grand défi de la<br />
théorie d’Einstein” – Public lecture giv<strong>en</strong> to the<br />
“Cercle d’Astronomie de Belgique”, Uccle, Belgium.<br />
7) February 19, 2005 : Marc H<strong>en</strong>neaux, “Théorie de la<br />
Gravitation, de Newton à Einstein” – Public lecture<br />
giv<strong>en</strong> at Altaïr, ULB, Belgium.<br />
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8) February 2005 : C. Verhoev<strong>en</strong>, “Exotic collisions of<br />
solitons in 1 and 2 space dim<strong>en</strong>sions “ - International<br />
workshop « Solitons, boomerons and isochronous<br />
solutions to nonlinear systems » organized for<br />
Francesco Calogero’s 70th birthday, Roma, Italy.<br />
9) February 2005 : T. Durt, “A new solution for the Mean<br />
King’s problem” – Seminar Université de Paris VII, France.<br />
10) March 2005 : T. Durt, “Galois fields and quantum<br />
information” – Seminar at Macquarie University,<br />
Sydney, Australia.<br />
11) March 8, 2005 : Marc H<strong>en</strong>neaux , “Cosmological<br />
Billiards and Hidd<strong>en</strong> Symmetries of Supergravities” –<br />
XIIIe R<strong>en</strong>contres “Strings in Arg<strong>en</strong>tina”, IAFE,<br />
Bu<strong>en</strong>os Aires, Arg<strong>en</strong>tina.<br />
12) March 10, 2005 : Frank Ferrari, “Three aspects of<br />
strongly coupled gauge theories” – Workshop on<br />
Nonperturbative Gauge Dynamics, SISSA, Trieste, Italy.<br />
13) March 17, 2005 : Laur<strong>en</strong>t Houart, “Kac-Moody algebras<br />
in M-theories” – Universidad Autonoma de Madrid,Spain.<br />
14) March 18, 2005 : Laur<strong>en</strong>t Houart, “Kac-Moody algebras<br />
in M-theories” – Universidad de Oviedo, Spain.<br />
15) March 19, 2005 : Laur<strong>en</strong>t Houart, “Kac-Moody algebras<br />
in M-theories” – Universidad de Barcelona, Spain.<br />
16) April 11-16, 2005 : François Englert, “Ext<strong>en</strong>ded Gravity<br />
and M-Theories” – International Confer<strong>en</strong>ce on<br />
Theoritical Physics, Lebedev Institute, Moscow, Russia.<br />
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17) April 17-22, 2005 : Gl<strong>en</strong>n Barnich, “Conserved charges<br />
and thermodynamics for higher dim<strong>en</strong>sional black<br />
holes in non trivial backgrounds” and “Introduction<br />
to free higher spin gauge fields from the BRST point of<br />
view” – Università di Milano, Italy.<br />
18) May 2005 : F. Lambert, “Albert Einstein et la Belgique”<br />
– Association Royale des ingénieurs de Belgique, Bruxelles.<br />
19) May 11, 2005 : Marc H<strong>en</strong>neaux, “From Platonic Solids to<br />
infinite Coxeter group and Lor<strong>en</strong>tzian Kac-Moody<br />
Algebras : the Road to uncover the symmetries of<br />
gravity ?” – Universiteit Utrecht, the Netherlands.<br />
20) May 12, 2005 : Frank Ferrari, “A review of some aspects<br />
of the gauge theory /matrix model correspond<strong>en</strong>ce” –<br />
University of Swansea, Swansea, United Kingdom.<br />
21) May 30, 2005: Alexander Sevrin, “Effective Actions for<br />
D-branes” - Confer<strong>en</strong>ce “Gravity, Strings and Branes” ,<br />
KULeuv<strong>en</strong>, Belgium.<br />
22) May 31, 2005 : Marc H<strong>en</strong>neaux, “Non linear realizations<br />
of E(10) and M-theory : a progress report” – Confer<strong>en</strong>ce<br />
“Gravity, Strings and Branes”, KULeuv<strong>en</strong>, Belgium.<br />
23) May 2005 : T. Durt, “Applications of the g<strong>en</strong>eralized<br />
Pauli group in prime, prime power and non-prime<br />
dim<strong>en</strong>sions” – ICSSUR Confer<strong>en</strong>ce, Université de<br />
Besançon, Besançon, France.<br />
24) July 18-22, 2005 : Marc H<strong>en</strong>neaux, “Hidd<strong>en</strong><br />
Symmetries of Gravitational Theories” – Confer<strong>en</strong>ce<br />
“Le Siècle d’Albert Einstein” – Paris, Palais de l’UNESCO.<br />
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26) August 16, 2005 : Jarah Evslin, "Geometric Models of<br />
dim<strong>en</strong>sional Reduction"- Mini-Workshop : Gerbes,<br />
Twisted K-Theory and Conformal Field Theory,<br />
Oberwolfach-Walke, Germany.<br />
27) August 26, 2005 : Marc H<strong>en</strong>neaux, “Duality and<br />
Higher Spin Gauge Fields” – Confer<strong>en</strong>ce on<br />
“ Supersymmetry, Gauge Theories and Quantum<br />
Gravity”, U.N.A.M., Mexico City, Mexico.<br />
28) September 22, 2005 : Marc H<strong>en</strong>neaux, “Relativité, c<strong>en</strong>t<br />
ans après : à l’aube d’une nouvelle révolution ? » -<br />
l’Europe de la Sci<strong>en</strong>ce au XVIIIe siècle et aujourd’hui,<br />
S<strong>en</strong>effe, Belgium.<br />
29) October 20, 2005 : Gl<strong>en</strong>n Barnich, “Qu’est-ce que la<br />
relativité générale ?” - Cercle astronomique de<br />
Bruxelles, Belgium.<br />
30) October 26, 2005 : B<strong>en</strong> Craps, “The big bang: a string<br />
theory perspective” – Universiteit van Amsterdam, the<br />
Netherlands.<br />
31) October 2005 : I. Loris, “Empirical mode decompositions”<br />
– Applied Math. Seminar of Princeton University, U.S.A.<br />
32) November 4, 2005 : Arjan Keur<strong>en</strong>tjes, "Time-like T-<br />
duality and triple ext<strong>en</strong>ded algebra's" - University of<br />
Chicago, U.S.A.<br />
25) August 15, 2005 : Jarah Evslin, "Charges in M-theory"-<br />
Mini-Workshop : Gerbes, Twisted K-Theory and<br />
Conformal Field Theory, Oberwolfach-Walke,<br />
Germany.<br />
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o f t h e D i r e c t o r a n d o f t h e D e p u t y D i r e c t o r<br />
33) November 7-9, 2005 : B<strong>en</strong> Craps, “The big bang:<br />
a string theory perspective” - Niels Bohr Institutet,<br />
D<strong>en</strong>mark.<br />
34) November 10, 2005 : Mohad Abou Zeid, “Twistor<br />
Strings and Supergravity “ - Universidad de Granada,<br />
Spain.<br />
35) November 10, 2005: C. Joachain, Marc H<strong>en</strong>neaux and<br />
P. Gaspard, “1905: Annus Mirabilis” d’Einstein -<br />
public lectures giv<strong>en</strong> at the SIIE, ULB, Belgium.<br />
36) November 10, 2005: Arjan Keur<strong>en</strong>tjes, "Time-like T-<br />
duality and triple ext<strong>en</strong>ded algebra's" - University of<br />
Berkeley, U.S.A.<br />
37) November 17, 2005: Mohab Abou Zeid, “Twistor<br />
Strings and Supergravity” - KULeuv<strong>en</strong>, Belgium.<br />
38) November 21-24, 2005: B<strong>en</strong> Craps, “The big bang: a<br />
string theory perspective” - ETH, Zurich, Switzerland.<br />
39) November 2005 : T. Durt, “Applications of the g<strong>en</strong>erali<br />
zed Pauli group in prime and prime power ” – TQMFA<br />
2005 Confer<strong>en</strong>ce “New tr<strong>en</strong>ds in quantum mechanics :<br />
fundam<strong>en</strong>tal aspects and applications”,<br />
Palermo, Italy.<br />
40) November 2005 : S. Colin, “Superselection rules in<br />
Bohm-Bell theories” – TQMFA Confer<strong>en</strong>ce “New tr<strong>en</strong>ds<br />
in quantum mechanics : fundam<strong>en</strong>tal aspects and<br />
applications”, Palermo, Italy.<br />
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R e s e a r c h c a r r i e d o u t i n t h e g r o u p s<br />
41) December 7, 2005 : A. Sevrin, “De Quantumeig<strong>en</strong>schapp<strong>en</strong><br />
van Ruimte <strong>en</strong> Tijd” – Koninklijke Vlaamse Academie<br />
van Wet<strong>en</strong>schapp<strong>en</strong> <strong>en</strong> Kunst<strong>en</strong>, C<strong>en</strong>trum voor<br />
Europese Cultuur, Belgium.<br />
42) December 2005 : T. Durt, “Applications of the<br />
<strong>en</strong>eralized Pauli group in prime and prime power” –<br />
CATS 2005 Confer<strong>en</strong>ce on Advances in Theoretical<br />
Sci<strong>en</strong>ces, Putrajaya, Malaysia.<br />
43) December 2005 : T. Durt, “Four qubit Wigner tomography”<br />
Seminar at the National University of Singapore,<br />
Singapore.<br />
44) December 2005 : C. Verhoev<strong>en</strong>, “Soliton resonances for<br />
the KP and CKP equations” – Seminar at the Math.<br />
Dept of the University of K<strong>en</strong>t at Canterbury, United<br />
Kingdom.<br />
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O t h e r s c i e n t i f i c r e p o r t
Research interests - Michèle Sanglier<br />
Cellule de Modélisation de la Complexité <strong>en</strong> Sci<strong>en</strong>ces Sociales<br />
1. Developm<strong>en</strong>t of a decision tool based on<br />
the ISIS model (Interregional Socio-<br />
Industrial System)<br />
ISIS is offering a way of repres<strong>en</strong>ting medium<br />
term regional dynamics; and experim<strong>en</strong>ting<br />
policy simulations in a dynamical and spatial<br />
framework. This model is a “dynamization”<br />
and “spatialization” of the input-output problematic.<br />
The economic relationships, aggregated<br />
in twelve activities, are simulated with<br />
a non-linear dynamic model for multi-regional<br />
economic analysis. The goals are to spatialise<br />
the inter-industrial exchanges on a discrete network of<br />
locations; to <strong>en</strong>dog<strong>en</strong>ise the spatial production structure and<br />
trade structure and to <strong>en</strong>dog<strong>en</strong>ise the production dynamics,<br />
capacity formation in each location and the changes of production<br />
technology. This tool allows to explore national and regional<br />
consequ<strong>en</strong>ces of for examples: deficit sp<strong>en</strong>ding policies, of<br />
employm<strong>en</strong>t policies and of infrastructural changes in transportation<br />
and communications networks.<br />
2. Methodology of the performance analysis of firms<br />
Detailed analysis of firms of the pharmaceutical and chemical<br />
sectors, b<strong>en</strong>chmarking based on indicators like productivity<br />
growth,productivity level and research int<strong>en</strong>sity. Study of sc<strong>en</strong>arii<br />
concerning business plans and analysis of impacts of merge.<br />
3. Macroeconomic model of the GDP per head<br />
This model has be<strong>en</strong> applied to 25 OECD countries in order to<br />
analyse the tr<strong>en</strong>d growth of the economy of these countries<br />
and the level of synchronization of their business cycles.<br />
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A p p e n d i x : O u t r e a c h<br />
R a d i o , T e l e v i s i o n & N e w s p a p e r s
R a d i o a n d T e l e v i s i o n I n t e r v i e w s<br />
Marc H<strong>en</strong>neaux, Nicolas Cerf and Philippe Emplit :<br />
April 18, 2005<br />
RTBF 1 télévision : “ Einstein “.<br />
Marc H<strong>en</strong>neaux :<br />
November 30, 2005<br />
La Première RTBF Radio : <strong>page</strong> “ Sci<strong>en</strong>ces “<br />
de Sophie Brems.<br />
December 1, 2005<br />
Radio Nostalgie<br />
Franklin Lambert :<br />
January 26, 2005<br />
Radio Campus : “ Einstein et la Belgique “.<br />
April 12, 2005<br />
Radio 1 (VRT) “Ernest <strong>Solvay</strong>” in het programma<br />
“De grooste Belg” door Wim Vand<strong>en</strong>bussche<br />
April 15, 2005<br />
RTBF radio : “ Einstein et la Belgique “.<br />
Alexander Sevrin :<br />
December 1, 2005<br />
Radio 1 (VRT) : “ de Wandelgang<strong>en</strong> “ over de<br />
<strong>Solvay</strong> Confer<strong>en</strong>tie door Kathle<strong>en</strong> Bracke.<br />
December 4, 2005 :<br />
VTM (televisie) : “Royalty”.<br />
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N e w s p a p e r s<br />
January 6, 2005 – De Tijd (p.11)<br />
January 14, 2005 – Le Soir (p.18)<br />
February 10, 2005 – La Libre Belgique (p. 34)<br />
February 16, 2005 – Knack (p.52-59)<br />
February 2005 – Sci<strong>en</strong>ce Connection (p.45)<br />
February 2005 – Revue SSTC (p. 42)<br />
March 3, 2005 – Le Soir (p.16)<br />
April 12, 2005 - La Libre Belgique (p. 40-41)<br />
January 2006 – Sci<strong>en</strong>ces et Vie (p. 15)<br />
February 2006 – Nature Physics (p. 73-74)<br />
February 2006 – RTD info (magazine on<br />
European Research) n° 48 (p.12-15)<br />
Chapter : 23rd <strong>Solvay</strong> Confer<strong>en</strong>ce (p34-37)<br />
December 1, 2005 - Le Monde<br />
November 30, 2005 – Le Soir<br />
February 2006 – La Recherche<br />
April 15, 2005 – Le Soir (p. 18)<br />
July 1, 2005 – Le Soir (p.19)<br />
July 2005 – Espace de Libertés (p. 30)<br />
September 13, 2005 – Le Soir (p.19)<br />
November 23, 2005 – La Libre Belgique<br />
November , 2005 – Nederlands tijdschrift<br />
voor Natuurkunde (p. 350-351)<br />
December 1, 2005 – La Libre Belgique (p. 2-3)<br />
December 1, 2005 – De Standaard<br />
December 2, 2005 – La Libre Belgique<br />
(p. 1 Libre 2)<br />
December 15, 2005 – La Libre Belgique<br />
(p. 28-29)<br />
December 21, 2005 – Knack (p. 74-77)<br />
December 6, 2005 – La Libre Belgique (p. 3)<br />
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January 6, 2005 – De Tijd (p.11))
January 14, 2005 – Le Soir (p.18)<br />
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February 10, 2005 – La Libre Belgique (p. 34)
February 16, 2005 – Knack (p.52-59)
N e w s p a p e r s<br />
February 2005 – Sci<strong>en</strong>ce Connection (p.45)
N e w s p a p e r s<br />
February 2005 – Sci<strong>en</strong>ce Connection (p.45)
N e w s p a p e r s
March 3, 2005 – Le Soir (p.16)<br />
February 2005 – Revue SSTC (p. 42)<br />
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April 12, 2005 - La Libre Belgique (p. 40-41)
N e w s p a p e r s<br />
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N e w s p a p e r s<br />
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N e w s p a p e r s<br />
April 15, 2005 – Le Soir (p. 18)<br />
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N e w s p a p e r s<br />
July 1, 2005 –<br />
Le Soir (p.19)<br />
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July 2005 – Espace de Libertés (p. 30)
September 13, 2005 – Le Soir (p.19)<br />
November 23, 2005 – La Libre Belgique
November , 2005 – Nederlands tijdschrift voor Natuurkunde (p. 350-351)
December 1, 2005 – La Libre Belgique (p. 2-3)
N e w s p a p e r s<br />
December 2, 2005 – La Libre Belgique (p. 1 Libre 2)<br />
December 1, 2005 – De Standaard<br />
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December 15, 2005 – La Libre Belgique (p. 28-29)
December 21, 2005 – Knack (p. 74-77)
N e w s p a p e r s<br />
December 6, 2005 – La Libre Belgique (p. 3)<br />
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N e w s p a p e r s<br />
January 2006 – Sci<strong>en</strong>ces et Vie (p. 15)<br />
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February 2006 – Nature Physics (p. 73-74)<br />
N e w s p a p e r s<br />
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N e w s p a p e r s<br />
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February 2006 – RTD info (magazine on European Research) n° 48 (p.12-15)<br />
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